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A2 conjunction #2,500 가장 일반적인 4분 분량

كلما

kullama
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 كلما 30초 만에
설명 كلما in your Level:
At the A1 level, think of 'kullamā' as a way to say 'every time.' Although it is a bit advanced for beginners, you might see it in simple stories. It connects two things that happen together. For example: 'Every time I see him, I say hello.' In Arabic, we use past tense verbs with it. It's like a magic word that joins two actions that always happen one after the other. Just remember: Kullamā + Action A + Action B.
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At the A2 level, you start using 'kullamā' to describe habits and routines in a more formal way. Instead of just saying 'always,' you use 'kullamā' to show that one action triggers another. 'Whenever it rains, the flowers grow.' Notice that even if we are talking about the present, we use the past tense form of the verb. This is a special rule for this word. It helps you sound more natural in written Arabic.
For B1 learners, 'kullamā' becomes a tool for expressing proportional relationships. This is the 'The more... the more...' structure. 'The more you practice, the better you become.' This is very useful for writing essays or explaining processes. You should also be careful not to repeat the word in the second half of the sentence. It is a 'non-assertive' conditional, meaning it doesn't change the ending of the verbs like 'in' (if) does.
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At the B2 level, you should master the nuance of 'kullamā' in literary and media contexts. It is often used to create a sense of inevitability or a cycle. You will see it in political analysis: 'Whenever the tension increases, the prices go up.' You should also distinguish it from 'indamā' (when) and 'lamma' (when/since). 'Kullamā' specifically emphasizes the repetition and the link between the frequency of two events.
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At the C1 level, 'kullamā' is used for rhetorical effect. It can be used to build tension in a narrative or to provide a logical proof in an argument. You should be able to recognize its use in classical texts, including the Quran and Hadith, where it often carries a profound philosophical weight. You should also be comfortable using it with complex verb structures and ensuring the 'Past-Past' harmony is maintained even in long, nested sentences.
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For C2 mastery, 'kullamā' is used with absolute precision to denote mathematical or logical proportionality. You understand its grammatical classification as a 'Zarf' (adverb) that functions as a 'Sharṭ' (condition). You can identify rare instances where it might be followed by a nominal sentence in ancient poetry, and you can use it to mimic classical styles of prose. It is a key element in achieving a truly 'native-like' formal writing style.
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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

كلما 30초 만에

  • Kullamā is a formal Arabic conjunction meaning 'whenever' or 'every time that', used to link two actions where one triggers the other repeatedly.
  • It follows a strict grammatical rule in Modern Standard Arabic: both the condition and the result verbs should be in the past tense form.
  • It is commonly used to express 'The more... the more...' relationships, making it essential for academic writing, literature, and formal news reporting.
  • Unlike other conditional words, it is never repeated in the second clause; it appears only once at the beginning of the sentence.

The Arabic word كلما (kul-lamā) is a sophisticated conditional conjunction that translates primarily to 'whenever' or 'every time that.' It is composed of two parts: kull (every/all) and mā (that which/whatever). In a grammatical sense, it functions as a non-assertive conditional particle (harf sharṭ ghayr jāzim), meaning it sets up a condition but does not change the grammatical case of the following verbs to the jussive mood.

Core Function
It establishes a recurring relationship between two actions: the condition and the result.
Temporal Nature
It implies a repetition in the past or a general law of cause and effect.
The 'The More' Pattern
When used with comparative concepts, it mirrors the English 'The more... the more...' structure.

كلما قرأتُ أكثر، تعلمتُ أكثر.

Whenever I read more, I learned more (The more I read, the more I learned).

Understanding كلما requires recognizing its unique constraint: in classical and formal Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), it is almost exclusively followed by verbs in the past tense (māḍī), even when referring to habitual or future-oriented truths. This can be counter-intuitive for English speakers who expect a present tense. For example, to say 'Whenever he visits us, we eat together,' you would say kullamā zarana... akalna (literally: Whenever he visited us, we ate).

كلما زادَ مالهُ، زادَ طمعهُ.

Whenever his wealth increased, his greed increased.

Etymology
Derived from the root K-L-L (totality) combined with the relative pronoun 'ma'.

Using كلما correctly involves mastering the 'Past-Past' sequence. Even if the action is a general truth, the structure remains kullamā + [Past Tense Verb] + [Past Tense Verb].

  • Step 1: Start the sentence with كلما.
  • Step 2: Place the condition verb in the past tense.
  • Step 3: Place the result verb in the past tense.

كلما أشرقت الشمسُ، شعرتُ بالسعادة.

Whenever the sun rises, I feel happy.

In modern contexts, you might occasionally see a present tense verb, but this is considered a stylistic deviation from high-level Fus'ha. If you want to sound eloquent and correct, stick to the past tense. Another common use is the proportional relationship: 'The more X, the more Y'.

Example 1
كلما سافرتُ، اكتشفتُ عوالم جديدة. (Whenever I travel, I discover new worlds.)
Example 2
كلما كبرنا، زادت مسؤولياتنا. (The older we get, the more our responsibilities increase.)

You will encounter كلما in various high-register environments. It is a staple of Arabic literature, poetry, and formal journalism. It is less common in daily street dialects (Ammiya), where words like kull mā (separated) or lamma are used instead.

  • Literature: Authors use it to describe recurring emotions or inevitable consequences.
  • The Quran: It appears frequently to describe repetitive events (e.g., 'Whenever a messenger came to them...').
  • News Media: Used to describe economic or political trends (e.g., 'The more the prices rise...').

كلما دخل عليها زكريا المحراب وجد عندها رزقاً.

Whenever Zechariah entered upon her in the sanctuary, he found with her provision. (Quranic usage)

Learners often struggle with كلما because of its specific grammatical constraints. Here are the top three pitfalls:

1. Repeating 'Kullamā'
Incorrect: Kullamā dharasta, kullamā najahta. Correct: Kullamā dharasta, najahta. (Whenever you study, you succeed).
2. Using Present Tense
Incorrect: Kullamā tadrusu... Correct: Kullamā darasta... (Use the past tense for the condition).
3. Confusing with 'Kull'
'Kull' means 'every', but 'Kullamā' is a conjunction. You cannot say 'Kullamā yawm' (Whenever day); you must say 'Kull yawm' (Every day).

خطأ: كلما تذهب إلى السوق تشتري خبزاً.

Error: Using present tense 'tadhhab' and 'tashtari'.

صح: كلما ذهبتَ إلى السوق اشتريتَ خبزاً.

Correct: Using past tense 'dhahabta' and 'ishtarayta'.

While كلما is unique, several other words share its semantic space. Understanding the nuances helps in choosing the right word for the context.

عندما (Indamā)
Means 'when'. It refers to a specific point in time rather than a recurring condition.
حينما (Hinamā)
Similar to 'Indamā', often used in literary contexts to mean 'at the time when'.
متى (Matā)
Used as a question 'When?' or as a conditional 'Whenever', but 'kullamā' is more emphatic about the repetition.
كل وقت (Kull waqt)
Literally 'every time'. Used as a noun phrase rather than a conditional conjunction.

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Conditional sentences

Past tense conjugation

Adverbs of time

Relative particles

Non-jussive particles

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수준별 예문

1

كلما نمتُ، حلمتُ.

Whenever I slept, I dreamed.

Simple past tense verbs.

2

كلما أكلتُ، شبعتُ.

Whenever I ate, I became full.

Past tense 'akala' and 'shabi'a'.

3

كلما ضحكتَ، فرحتُ.

Whenever you laughed, I felt happy.

Second person 'dahikta'.

4

كلما قرأتُ، عرفتُ.

Whenever I read, I knew (learned).

Past tense 'qara'tu' and 'araftu'.

5

كلما جاءَ، سلمَ.

Whenever he came, he greeted.

Third person 'ja'a'.

6

كلما شربتُ، رويتُ.

Whenever I drank, I quenched my thirst.

Past tense 'sharibtu'.

7

كلما ركضتُ، تعبتُ.

Whenever I ran, I got tired.

Past tense 'rakadtu'.

8

كلما نزل المطر، سقينا الزرع.

Whenever the rain fell, we watered the plants.

Past tense 'nazala' and 'saqayna'.

1

كلما ذاكرتُ، نجحتُ في الامتحان.

Whenever I studied, I passed the exam.

Connecting study to success.

2

كلما سافرتُ، اشتريتُ هدايا.

Whenever I traveled, I bought gifts.

Past tense 'safartu' and 'ishtaraytu'.

3

كلما طبختْ أمي، طابَ الطعام.

Whenever my mother cooked, the food was delicious.

Subject 'ummi' follows the verb.

4

كلما زرتُ جدي، حكى لي قصة.

Whenever I visited my grandfather, he told me a story.

Past tense 'zurtu' and 'haka'.

5

كلما غابت الشمس، ظهرت النجوم.

Whenever the sun set, the stars appeared.

Natural phenomena.

6

كلما ناديتُ الكلب، جاءَ إليّ.

Whenever I called the dog, it came to me.

Past tense 'nadaytu'.

7

كلما فتحتُ النافذة، دخل الهواء.

Whenever I opened the window, the air entered.

Past tense 'fatahtu' and 'dakhala'.

8

كلما استمعتُ للموسيقى، نمتُ بهدوء.

Whenever I listened to music, I slept peacefully.

Past tense 'istama'tu'.

1

كلما زادَ اجتهادك، زادت فرصك في النجاح.

The more your diligence increases, the more your chances of success increase.

Proportional relationship.

2

كلما قلّ الكلام، قلّ الخطأ.

The less the talk, the fewer the mistakes.

Abstract concept.

3

كلما تقدمنا في العمر، فهمنا الحياة أكثر.

The more we advance in age, the more we understand life.

Using 'taqaddamna' (we advanced).

4

كلما قرأتُ روايات نجيب محفوظ، تعلقتُ بالأدب العربي.

Whenever I read Naguib Mahfouz's novels, I became more attached to Arabic literature.

Specific cultural reference.

5

كلما ارتفعت الأسعار، اشتكى الناس.

Whenever prices rose, people complained.

Economic context.

6

كلما مارست الرياضة، شعرت بنشاط أكبر.

Whenever I exercised, I felt more energetic.

Health context.

7

كلما اعتذرتَ عن خطئك، كبرتَ في نظري.

The more you apologize for your mistake, the more you grow in my eyes.

Moral context.

8

كلما غرسنا شجرة، ساعدنا البيئة.

Whenever we plant a tree, we help the environment.

Environmental context.

1

كلما تعمقتَ في دراسة التاريخ، أدركتَ تكرار أحداثه.

The deeper you go into studying history, the more you realize the repetition of its events.

Complex conditional.

2

كلما زادَ الوعي الصحي، انخفضت نسبة الأمراض.

The more health awareness increases, the more the disease rate decreases.

Inverse proportionality.

3

كلما حاولتُ نسيان الماضي، عادت إليّ الذكريات.

Whenever I tried to forget the past, memories came back to me.

Emotional complexity.

4

كلما تطورت التكنولوجيا، تغيرت طرق التواصل بين البشر.

The more technology evolves, the more the ways of communication between humans change.

Societal change.

5

كلما زادَ الطلب على المنتج، ارتفع سعره في السوق.

The more the demand for the product increases, the more its price rises in the market.

Economic law.

6

كلما أمعنتَ النظر في اللوحة، اكتشفتَ تفاصيل خفية.

The more you look closely at the painting, the more you discover hidden details.

Aesthetic observation.

7

كلما سافر الإنسان، اتسعت آفاق تفكيره.

The more a person travels, the more their horizons of thinking expand.

Philosophical observation.

8

كلما اشتدت الأزمة، ظهرت معادن الرجال.

The more the crisis intensified, the true character of men appeared.

Idiomatic expression.

1

كلما أوغلَ المستشرقون في دراسة الشرق، تباينت آراؤهم حول حضارته.

The further Orientalists delved into studying the East, the more their opinions varied about its civilization.

Academic register.

2

كلما نضجت التجربة الشعرية، مالت إلى التكثيف والرمزية.

The more the poetic experience matures, the more it tends toward condensation and symbolism.

Literary criticism.

3

كلما زادَ الاستقطاب السياسي، تآكلت قيم الحوار الديمقراطي.

The more political polarization increases, the more the values of democratic dialogue erode.

Political science terminology.

4

كلما تفكرتُ في ملكوت الله، ازددتُ إيماناً بعظمته.

The more I contemplate God's kingdom, the more I increase in faith in His greatness.

Spiritual/Theological register.

5

كلما اتسعت الرؤية، ضاقت العبارة.

The broader the vision, the narrower the expression (Sufi saying).

Philosophical aphorism.

6

كلما تراكمت الديون السيادية، واجهت الدولة خطر الإفلاس.

The more sovereign debt accumulates, the more the state faces the risk of bankruptcy.

Economic analysis.

7

كلما استبدَّ الحاكم، قصرَ عمرُ دولته.

The more a ruler becomes tyrannical, the shorter the lifespan of his state.

Historical/Political maxim.

8

كلما تضاعفت الجهود العلمية، اقتربنا من إيجاد علاج للسرطان.

The more scientific efforts double, the closer we get to finding a cure for cancer.

Scientific progress.

1

كلما تمترسَ الخصوم خلف أيديولوجياتهم، استحالَ الوصول إلى تسوية تاريخية.

The more opponents entrench themselves behind their ideologies, the more impossible it becomes to reach a historical settlement.

High-level vocabulary (tamartasa).

2

كلما تماهت الذات مع الآخر، تلاشت الحدود الفاصلة بين الهويات.

The more the self identifies with the other, the more the boundaries separating identities vanish.

Psychological/Sociological depth.

3

كلما استشرى الفساد في مفاصل الدولة، وهنت شرعيتها الشعبية.

The more corruption spreads through the joints of the state, the more its popular legitimacy weakens.

Metaphorical formal usage.

4

كلما نأت الديار، ازدادَ الحنينُ في القلوب لوعةً.

The further the homes become, the more the longing in the hearts increases in anguish.

Classical poetic style.

5

كلما تقادمت العهود، طوى النسيانُ كثيراً من الحقائق التاريخية.

The more eras pass, the more forgetfulness folds away many historical facts.

Abstract literary phrasing.

6

كلما تضخمت الأنا، ضمرت الروح الإنسانية.

The more the ego inflates, the more the human spirit withers.

Ethical/Philosophical aphorism.

7

كلما استغلقَ النصُ على الفهم، استدعى تأويلاً أعمق.

The more the text becomes obscure to understanding, the more it calls for a deeper interpretation.

Hermeneutic terminology.

8

كلما تلاطمت أمواج الفتن، احتاجت الأمة إلى ربانٍ حكيم.

The more the waves of strife clash, the more the nation needs a wise captain.

Allegorical formal usage.

동의어

عندما حينما كل وقت متى مهما إذما لوما حيثما

반의어

أبداً مرة واحدة نادراً قط

자주 쓰는 조합

كلما زاد
كلما قلّ
كلما ارتفع
كلما انخفض
كلما تقدم
كلما كبر
كلما حاول
كلما دخل
كلما قرأ
كلما رأى

자주 쓰는 구문

كلما كان ذلك ممكناً
كلما زاد الأمر سوءاً
كلما سنحت الفرصة
كلما دعت الحاجة
كلما طال الزمن
كلما زاد العلم
كلما اقتربنا من النهاية
كلما اشتد الكرب
كلما تكرر الفعل
كلما نضج العقل

자주 혼동되는 단어

كلما vs عندما

Indamā is for a single point in time; Kullamā is for recurring points.

كلما vs كل ما

Kull mā (separated) can mean 'everything that', while Kullamā (joined) is 'whenever'.

كلما vs لما

Lammā usually means 'when' for a past event that happened once.

관용어 및 표현

"كلما اتسعت الرؤية ضاقت العبارة"
"كلما زاد ماله زاد هباله"
"كلما طار طير وارتفع إلا كما طار وقع"
"كلما زاد الحب زاد العتاب"
"كلما كبر المرء كبرت همومه"
"كلما قلّ ماله قلّ أصدقاؤه"
"كلما اشتدت الأزمة انفرجت"
"كلما زاد الضغط ولد الانفجار"
"كلما تعمقنا في البحر زاد الخطر"
"كلما زاد الكرم زاد الشرف"

혼동하기 쉬운

كلما vs

كلما vs

كلما vs

كلما vs

كلما vs

문장 패턴

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사용법

repetition

It implies continuity and repetition.

formal only

Rarely used in pure spoken dialects.

tense harmony

Strict adherence to past tense is a mark of eloquence.

자주 하는 실수
  • Using present tense: 'Kullamā adrusu' instead of 'Kullamā darastu'.
  • Repeating the word: 'Kullamā darastu kullamā najahtu'.
  • Using it as 'every': 'Kullamā yawm' instead of 'Kull yawm'.
  • Confusing with 'Indamā' for one-time events.
  • Forgetting the second verb (the result clause).

팁

Past Tense Rule

Always pair 'kullamā' with past tense verbs to maintain formal accuracy. This is the most common mistake for learners.

Avoid Repetition

Never repeat 'kullamā' in the second part of the sentence. It only needs to appear once at the beginning.

Proportionality

Use 'kullamā' to express 'The more... the more...'. It's the most elegant way to show this in Arabic.

Formal Contexts

Save 'kullamā' for formal presentations or writing; use 'kull mā' in casual conversation.

Identify the Result

When reading, look for the second verb; that is the result of the 'whenever' condition.

Essay Hook

Start an essay with a 'kullamā' sentence to immediately establish a high-level formal tone.

News Patterns

Listen for 'kullamā' in economic news to hear how they describe rising or falling trends.

Root Connection

Connect it to 'Kull' (All) to remember it means 'All the times that...'.

Proverb Power

Learn one proverb with 'kullamā' to impress native speakers with your cultural knowledge.

Cause and Effect

Think of it as a logical operator that links a trigger to a recurring consequence.

암기하기

어원

Arabic

문화적 맥락

Used in formal toasts or speeches to emphasize recurring positive traits.

Key word in many Quranic verses describing God's interaction with humanity.

Essential for reading the works of Taha Hussein or Naguib Mahfouz.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"كلما سافرتَ، ما هو أكثر شيء تفتقده؟"

"كلما شعرتَ بالتوتر، ماذا تفعل؟"

"كلما قرأتَ كتاباً جديداً، هل يتغير تفكيرك؟"

"كلما زرتَ بلداً جديداً، ما الذي تبحث عنه؟"

"كلما تذكرتَ طفولتك، ما هو أجمل شعور؟"

일기 주제

اكتب عن شيء تفعله كلما شعرت بالحزن.

صف كيف تتغير مشاعرك كلما اقترب فصل الشتاء.

تحدث عن عادة تكررها كلما بدأت مشروعاً جديداً.

كلما كبرتُ، أدركتُ أن...

كلما تعلمتُ لغة جديدة، شعرتُ بـ...

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

In formal Arabic, it is highly recommended to use the past tense. While some modern writers use the present, it is technically incorrect in classical grammar.

No, it is a non-assertive particle, so the verbs remain in their standard past tense form.

Kullamā akaltu, samintu.

As a conjunction meaning 'whenever', it is written as one word: كلما.

Yes, but you still use the past tense form to express the certainty of the condition.

Yes, very frequently, often to describe repetitive actions of people or God.

There isn't a single word, but 'abadan' (never) or 'marra wahida' (once) can express the opposite frequency.

No, the kullamā clause must come first.

Usually, dialects use 'kull mā' (two words) or 'lamma'.

Because it doesn't make the verb jussive (majzum) like 'in' (if) does.

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셀프 테스트 180 질문

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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