B2 · 중상급 챕터 9

자연스러운 정보 전달의 기술: 수동태와 보고 화법 마스터하기

4 총 규칙
48 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of professional communication by reporting news and arranging services with confidence.

  • Arrange services efficiently using causative structures.
  • Describe actions clearly using passive infinitives.
  • Report information professionally using passive and specific verb patterns.
Report with precision, arrange with ease.

배울 내용

안녕하세요! 영어 실력을 한 단계 더 업그레이드할 준비 되셨나요? B2 레벨에 도달한 여러분을 위해, 이번 챕터에서는 문장을 훨씬 더 객관적이고 세련되게 만들어 주는 '고급 표현의 꽃'을 배워볼 거예요. 먼저 일상생활에서 정말 유용한 'have/get something done' 사역 동사를 마스터합니다. «머리 잘랐어»나 «에어컨 수리했어»처럼 전문가에게 서비스를 맡긴 상황을 정확하게 표현하는 법을 배울 거예요.

I cut my hair
라고 하면 원어민들은 여러분이 가위를 들고 직접 자른 줄 알거든요! 또한, «사람들이 그러는데~», «~라고 전해진다»처럼 격식 있는 뉴스나 일상의 소문을 전할 때 쓰는 'It is said that...' 구문과 'to be done' 형태의 수동태 부정사도 함께 익힙니다. 여기에 'suggest ~ing'나 'accuse of' 같이 까다롭지만 꼭 필요한 보고 동사 패턴까지 정복하고 나면, 비즈니스 미팅이나 토론 상황에서도 훨씬 더 논리적이고 당당하게 의견을 말할 수 있게 될 거예요. 단순한 사실 전달을 넘어, 누가 행동했는지보다 '어떤 일이 일어났는지'에 집중해 말하는 법을 배우는 여정! 이 챕터가 끝나면 여러분의 영어는 훨씬 더 깊이 있고 전문적으로 들릴 거예요. 자, 세련된 영어의 세계로 함께 가볼까요?

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Explain that you had a service completed (e.g., car repaired) using causative verbs.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'it is said that' to share common knowledge or news professionally.

챕터 가이드

Overview

As a B2 English learner, you're past the basics and ready to refine your communication for more sophisticated interactions. This chapter on English reporting and passive voice is your key to unlocking a more natural, nuanced way of speaking. We're going beyond simple statements to help you convey information with greater precision and fluency, enabling you to truly interact with native speakers fluently.
You'll discover how to report what others have said using patterns like 'It is said that...', making your reports sound objective and well-informed. We'll also dive into causative verbs like 'have/get something done', allowing you to talk about arranging services effortlessly. Plus, understanding the passive infinitive and various reporting verb patterns will give you the tools to shift focus, emphasize information, and interact more smoothly.
Get ready to elevate your B2 English grammar skills and sound more authentic!

How This Grammar Works

These grammar structures, while seemingly distinct, work together to provide flexibility and sophistication in your English communication. Let's start with Causative Verbs: Have/Get Something Done. This is all about outsourcing!
Instead of saying 'I repaired my car' (implying *you* did it), you'd say 'I had my car repaired yesterday' or 'I got my car repaired'. This clearly communicates that a professional service was arranged, like in 'I need to get my hair cut before the party'.
Building on the idea of shifting focus, the Passive Infinitive: to be done comes into play when the action or outcome is more important than the doer. For instance, 'There's a lot of work to be done before the deadline' emphasizes the task, not who specifically does it. Compare 'They have to finish the report' with 'The report needs to be finished by Friday'.
For reporting information without naming the source directly, we use Reporting with the Passive (It is said that...). This often uses verbs like *say, believe, know, think, report*. For example, 'People say he's very talented' becomes 'It is said that he's very talented.' Or, 'They believe the economy is improving' becomes 'The economy is believed to be improving.' This provides a more formal or impersonal tone, often used in news.
Finally, mastering Reporting Verb Patterns is crucial for accuracy. These verbs demand specific structures: 'He suggested doing the work later' (verb + gerund), 'She accused him of taking her pen' (verb + object + preposition + gerund), or 'They advised her to speak to the manager' (verb + object + infinitive). Understanding these patterns ensures your reported speech is grammatically correct and natural.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Confusing Causative with Active Voice
✗ I cut my hair. (Unless you literally did it yourself!)
✓ I had my hair cut.
*Explanation:* Use the causative form when someone else performs the service for you, indicating you arranged it.
  1. 1Incorrect Reporting Verb Pattern
✗ She suggested to go to the cinema.
✓ She suggested going to the cinema.
*Explanation:* Many reporting verbs like 'suggest' take a gerund (-ing form), not an infinitive. Always check the specific pattern for each verb.
  1. 1Overusing
    It is said that
    in informal contexts
✗ (At a casual BBQ) It is said that the food is delicious.
✓ (At a casual BBQ) I heard the food is delicious. / Everyone says the food is delicious.
*Explanation:* While grammatically correct,
It is said that
is more formal or for general public knowledge. In casual talk, direct reporting or 'I heard' is more natural.

Real Conversations

A

A

Your garden looks fantastic! Did you do all that work yourself?
B

B

Oh, definitely not! I had the landscaping done last month. It was a huge job, so I outsourced it.
A

A

So, what did Sarah say about the proposal? Is it ready?
B

B

Not quite. She suggested making a few revisions before the final submission. She also advised us to present it next week instead, to allow for more preparation.
A

A

I heard there's a new cafe opening downtown next week. Any details?
B

B

Yes, it is believed to be a French patisserie. The pastries are supposed to be made with authentic ingredients, and there’s a lot of buzz about it. I can't wait to get some coffee there!

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the difference between have something done and get something done?

While often interchangeable, get something done can be slightly more informal and sometimes implies a greater effort or persuasion to arrange the service. For example,

I finally got my car fixed after weeks of trying.

Q

Can

It is said that
be used in spoken English?

Yes, but it's more common in formal contexts like news reports, academic discussions, or when reporting general knowledge without a specific source. In casual conversation, you might hear People say that... or I heard that... more often.

Q

Are there any common reporting verbs that *don't* follow the gerund or infinitive patterns?

Absolutely! Some verbs take a 'that' clause, like 'He claimed that he was innocent' or 'She explained that she couldn't make it.' Others might just take a direct object, like 'He denied the accusation.'

Cultural Context

Native speakers use these patterns to convey nuance and tone. The passive voice, especially
It is said that...
, lends authority or impersonality, common in news reports or academic writing. Causatives like
have/get something done
are everyday expressions across all registers.
Reporting verbs' precise patterns are key for sounding fluent; misusing them can make you sound less natural, though you'll still be understood. Regional differences are minor here, mainly pertaining to formality.

주요 예문 (8)

1

I need to have my car repaired before the road trip.

Necesito que reparen mi coche antes del viaje por carretera.

사역 동사: 무엇인가를 하게 하다/얻다 (서비스 준비)
2

She got her hair cut and styled for the wedding.

Ella se cortó y peinó el pelo para la boda.

사역 동사: 무엇인가를 하게 하다/얻다 (서비스 준비)
3

The email needs `to be sent` by 5 PM today.

이메일은 오늘 오후 5시까지 전송되어야 해요.

수동형 부정사: 'to be done' 사용법
4

She was happy `to be invited` to the party.

그녀는 파티에 초대받아서 기뻤어요.

수동형 부정사: 'to be done' 사용법
5

It is said that he commutes two hours every day.

그는 매일 두 시간씩 통근한다고들 해요.

수동태로 보고하기 (…라고 한다)
6

The new policy is expected to increase productivity.

새로운 정책이 생산성을 높일 것으로 예상돼요.

수동태로 보고하기 (…라고 한다)
7

My friend suggested ordering pizza for the movie night.

내 친구는 영화 보는 밤에 피자를 시키자고 제안했어요.

보고 동사 패턴 (제안하다, 비난하다)
8

The politician denied accepting any illegal donations.

그 정치인은 어떠한 불법 기부금도 받은 적이 없다고 부인했습니다.

보고 동사 패턴 (제안하다, 비난하다)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

The 'By' Rule

Only use 'by [person]' if the specific person is important. Usually, we know a barber cuts hair, so 'by the barber' is unnecessary.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 사역 동사: 무엇인가를 하게 하다/얻다 (서비스 준비)
💡

대상(Receiver) 찾기

주어가 행동의 주인공인지, 아니면 그 행동을 당하는 대상인지 꼭 확인하세요. 택배가 스스로 배달할 순 없으니까요:
The package needs to be delivered.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동형 부정사: 'to be done' 사용법
💡

보고 동사를 신중하게 선택하세요

사용하는 보고 동사(예: 'said', 'believed', 'known')가 뉘앙스를 결정해요. 'claimed'는 의심을 내포할 수 있고, 'understood'는 일반적인 수용을 의미할 수 있죠. 메시지에 가장 잘 맞는 동사를 고르세요.
The company is known to be very fair.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태로 보고하기 (…라고 한다)
💡

-ing 형태를 포착하세요!

보고 동사 뒤에 '-ing'가 오면 동명사 패턴일 확률이 높아요. 전치사가 필요한지 꼭 확인하세요:
I suggested going to the beach.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 보고 동사 패턴 (제안하다, 비난하다)

핵심 어휘 (5)

Repair fix something broken Allegedly supposedly/as claimed Suggest propose an idea Accuse claim someone did wrong Facility a place for a service

Real-World Preview

Building

Renovating the Office

Review Summary

  • have/get + object + past participle
  • to + be + past participle
  • It + is + passive verb + that clause
  • verb + gerund/infinitive

자주 하는 실수

The causative structure requires the object (car) to be between the verb and the participle. 'I had fixed my car' implies you did the fixing yourself.

Wrong: I had fixed my car.
정답: I had my car fixed.

You must use the correct passive auxiliary tense. 'Be' is not a tense marker here.

Wrong: It is said that he is be promoted.
정답: It is said that he will be promoted.

The verb 'suggest' is followed by a gerund (-ing), not an infinitive.

Wrong: He suggested to go out.
정답: He suggested going out.

Next Steps

You've mastered a very difficult part of English grammar. Keep practicing, and you'll soon be speaking like a native!

Listen to a news podcast and note three instances of reporting verbs.

Continue to: Politeness and Logical Connections

빠른 연습 (10)

문장에서 실수를 찾아 수정하세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

The athlete is said that he trained rigorously.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The athlete is said to have trained rigorously.
'Subject is said that...' 구조는 틀렸습니다. 'Subject is said to...' 다음에 부정사가 와야 합니다. 훈련은 과거에 일어났으므로 완료 부정사 'to have trained'를 사용합니다. 비인칭 'It is said that...'도 올바른 대안입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태로 보고하기 (…라고 한다)

Complete the future plan.

Next week, I ___ my wisdom teeth ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: will have / removed
Future 'will have' + object + V3 'removed'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 사역 동사: 무엇인가를 하게 하다/얻다 (서비스 준비)

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs.

She is ___ her house ___ (have / paint) at the moment.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: having / painted
Present continuous 'is having' + object + V3 'painted'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 사역 동사: 무엇인가를 하게 하다/얻다 (서비스 준비)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

He insisted paying for the whole meal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He insisted on paying for the whole meal.
insist 동사는 동명사 앞에 전치사 'on'이 꼭 필요합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 보고 동사 패턴 (제안하다, 비난하다)

문장을 완성하기 위해 올바른 형태를 고르세요.

The children admitted ___ (break) the window.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: breaking
admit 동사는 뒤에 바로 동명사(-ing 형태)가 옵니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 보고 동사 패턴 (제안하다, 비난하다)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence means someone else fixed the computer?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I had my computer fixed.
The structure 'have + object + V3' indicates a service performed by someone else.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 사역 동사: 무엇인가를 하게 하다/얻다 (서비스 준비)

수동태 부정사가 올바르게 사용된 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I'm excited to receive the news.
여기서는 '나'가 소식을 직접 받는(능동) 상황이므로 능동 부정사가 자연스러워요. 수동을 쓰려면 'to be given the news'라고 해야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동형 부정사: 'to be done' 사용법

문장을 완성하기 위해 올바른 형태를 선택하세요.

It ___ that the new park will open next spring.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is expected
미래 사건에 대한 일반적인 기대를 나타내기 위해 현재 수동태 형태인 'is expected'를 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태로 보고하기 (…라고 한다)

문장을 완성하기 위해 올바른 형태를 고르세요.

The report needs ___ by tomorrow morning.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to be finished
보고서는 끝내짐을 당하는 대상이므로 수동태 부정사인 'to be finished'가 정답이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동형 부정사: 'to be done' 사용법

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

The instructions are to wrote clearly.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The instructions are to be written clearly.
'write'의 과거분사는 'written'이에요. 수동태 부정사는 'to be + p.p.' 형태여야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동형 부정사: 'to be done' 사용법

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

Almost, but avoid it for accidents. 'I got my wallet stolen' sounds like you wanted it to happen. Use 'I had my wallet stolen' instead.
The first is the causative (someone else did it). The second is the Past Perfect (you did it yourself before another past action).
부정사의 수동형으로, 주어가 행동을 '받을 때' 사용하는 표현이에요. 구조는 항상 to + be + 과거분사랍니다:
It needs to be done.
부정사의 'to' 뒤에는 동사원형이 와야 해요. 수동태의 기본형인 'be + p.p.'에서 be의 원형인 'be'가 그대로 쓰이는 것이죠:
The work is to be finished.
누군가가 말했거나, 생각했거나, 믿었다는 정보를 명시적으로 누가 말했는지 밝히지 않고 전달하는 방식이에요. '보고하는 사람'에서 '보고되는 정보'로 초점을 옮기죠.
문장을 더 격식 있고 객관적이거나 일반적으로 들리게 해요. 종종 뉴스, 학술적 글쓰기, 또는 출처를 모르거나 중요하지 않을 때 사용되죠. 예를 들어, It is believed that...처럼요.
이전 챕터
Mastering Verb Patterns and Actions
다음 챕터
Politeness and Logical Connections
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