B2 · 중상급 챕터 8

Mastering Verb Patterns and Actions

10 총 규칙
92 예문
6 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the intricate dance of verbs and prepositions to achieve true English fluency.

  • Identify correct verb-pattern pairings.
  • Master complex phrasal verbs.
  • Apply nuanced grammatical structures.
Connect your ideas with perfect verb patterns.

배울 내용

Ready to truly express yourself with precision? This chapter unlocks the secrets of verb patterns, like choosing between 'to do' or 'doing,' so you can speak and write with natural fluency and confidence. Get ready to master those tricky phrasal verbs and sound even more like a native speaker!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use gerunds and infinitives correctly in professional emails.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Moving beyond basic communication to express yourself with true nuance and confidence is a hallmark of B2 English grammar. This chapter is your key to unlocking that next level of fluency by mastering verb patterns and actions. It's about more than just getting your message across; it's about sounding natural, precise, and sophisticated, allowing you to interact with native speakers effortlessly.
We'll dive deep into those often-confusing choices between a 'to-infinitive' (like 'to do') and a 'gerund' (like 'doing'), showing you how these seemingly small decisions drastically impact meaning and flow.
Understanding these patterns isn't just about avoiding grammatical errors; it's about gaining an intuitive grasp of how English speakers structure their thoughts. You'll learn to confidently use verbs that *only* take a 'to-infinitive' or *only* a 'gerund', navigate those tricky situations where the choice changes the entire meaning of your sentence, and master essential phrasal verbs and verbs of perception. By the end of this guide, you'll be able to articulate your ideas with greater accuracy and sound even more like a native speaker, ensuring your English truly shines.

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of mastering verb patterns and actions lies the understanding that certain verbs have a rule about what follows them. Think of it like this: some verbs are followed by a 'to-infinitive' (e.g., 'decide to go', 'promise to call', 'manage to finish'). These verbs act as gates, only allowing the 'to' form to pass.
For example, you would say
I decided to study abroad,
not
I decided studying abroad.
These are generally about future intentions or commitments.
On the other hand, many verbs belong to what we call the '-ing Club', meaning they are *only* followed by a gerund (the -ing form of a verb). Mastering these makes your English sound incredibly natural. Imagine saying
I enjoy playing tennis
or
She avoids making mistakes.
Trying to use enjoy to play or avoid to make would immediately flag you as a non-native speaker.
These verbs often express feelings, continuous actions, or mental processes.
Things get really interesting when a verb can be followed by *either* a gerund *or* a 'to-infinitive', but the meaning changes entirely. Take 'remember':
I remember locking the door
refers to a past memory (you recall the *action* of locking), while
I remembered to lock the door
means you didn't forget to perform the *task* of locking it. This subtle distinction is crucial for clear communication.
Similarly, 'stop' can mean to cease an ongoing action (
He stopped talking
) or to pause one action in order to do another (
He stopped to talk
).
Our senses also have specific patterns. With verbs of perception like 'see,' 'hear,' 'watch,' we use a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') for a complete action (
I saw him leave the building
) and a gerund for an action in progress (
I saw him leaving the building
). Finally, to truly sound like a B2 speaker, you need to master adjectives + prepositions (like 'proud of', 'keen on', 'interested in') and three-part phrasal verbs (e.g., 'get on with', 'look forward to').
These are fixed expressions that add richness and authenticity to your vocabulary, and using them correctly demonstrates a deep understanding of natural English phrasing.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗
    I avoid to make mistakes when speaking English.
✓
I avoid making mistakes when speaking English.
Explanation: The verb 'avoid' is always followed by a gerund (the -ing form).
  1. 1✗
    He stopped talking to buy a coffee.
✓
He stopped to buy a coffee.
(or
He stopped talking because he wanted to buy a coffee.
)
Explanation: Stopped talking means he ceased the action of talking. Stopped to buy means he paused his journey/activity *in order* to buy a coffee. The infinitive shows purpose.
  1. 1✗
    I am looking forward seeing you next week.
✓
I am looking forward to seeing you next week.
Explanation: Look forward to is a common three-part phrasal verb where 'to' is a preposition, not part of a to-infinitive. Therefore, it must be followed by a gerund.

Real Conversations

A

A

Did you remember to send that email to Sarah? It's important.
B

B

Oh, yes! I just finished sending it a few minutes ago. I almost forgot.
A

A

What are you doing this weekend?
B

B

I'm really looking forward to going hiking in the mountains. I also plan to try that new café downtown. Are you keen on joining me?
A

A

I saw him walking down the street, looking a bit lost.
B

B

Really? I just managed to talk to him on the phone. He said he was at the library.

Quick FAQ

Q

Why is it sometimes remember to do and sometimes remember doing?

Remember to do means you recall a necessary action you have to perform (e.g.,

I must remember to buy milk
). Remember doing means you have a memory of a past event or action (e.g.,
I remember buying that book last year
).

Q

How do I know if a verb takes a gerund or an infinitive?

There are patterns, but often it comes down to memorization and exposure. Many verbs related to feelings (enjoy, hate, like), avoiding, or continuing take gerunds. Verbs related to decisions, plans, or intentions often take infinitives. Keep a list and practice!

Q

Are three-part phrasal verbs common in everyday English?

Absolutely! They are incredibly common and essential for sounding natural. Phrases like get on with, look forward to, put up with, and run out of are used constantly in casual and even semi-formal conversation.

Q

What's the difference in meaning between

I saw him run
and
I saw him running
?

I saw him run
implies you saw the complete action from beginning to end.
I saw him running
suggests you witnessed part of the action while it was in progress, like a snapshot.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers seamlessly weave these verb patterns into their everyday speech, often without consciously thinking about the rules. The choice between gerunds and infinitives, especially when the meaning changes, is vital for precise communication and avoiding misunderstandings. Phrasal verbs are particularly prevalent in informal and semi-formal contexts, adding a layer of expressiveness and efficiency.
While regional differences exist in slang or specific idioms, the core verb patterns discussed here are standard across all major English-speaking regions and are crucial for achieving that authentic B2 sound.

주요 예문 (8)

1

I **decided to pursue** a career in environmental science.

저는 환경 과학 분야에서 커리어를 쌓기로 결정했습니다.

'To'와 함께 쓰는 동사: Decide, Promise, Manage (부정사만)
2

She **promised to text** me when she arrived home safely.

그녀는 집에 안전하게 도착하면 문자 하겠다고 약속했어요.

'To'와 함께 쓰는 동사: Decide, Promise, Manage (부정사만)
3

I heard the rain *fall* on the windowpane just as I was falling asleep.

막 잠이 들려는데 빗방울이 창문에 떨어지는 소리를 들었어요.

감각과 문장: 지각 동사
4

She watched her dog *playing* happily in the park with a new toy.

그녀는 강아지가 공원에서 새 장난감을 가지고 즐겁게 노는 모습을 지켜봤어요.

감각과 문장: 지각 동사
5

I'm really `proud of` your success in the university project.

대학교 프로젝트에서 거둔 너의 성공이 정말 자랑스러워.

형용사 + 전치사 (무엇을 자랑스러워하는, 무엇을 좋아하는)
6

My little brother is very `keen on` playing video games all day.

내 남동생은 하루 종일 비디오 게임을 하는 데 아주 열심이야.

형용사 + 전치사 (무엇을 자랑스러워하는, 무엇을 좋아하는)
7

I'm really looking forward to the concert tonight.

오늘 밤 콘서트가 정말 기대돼요.

세 부분 동사구 (get on with, look forward to)
8

We should get on with our group project now.

이제 우리 조별 과제를 계속 진행해야 해요.

세 부분 동사구 (get on with, look forward to)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

동사의 '의도'를 파악하세요

첫 번째 동사가 계획, 약속, 혹은 미래의 행동을 나타낸다면 다음에 'to + 동사원형'이 올 확률이 아주 높아요. 내가 무엇을 하려고 '의도'하는지 생각해보세요.
I intend to stay here.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'To'와 함께 쓰는 동사: Decide, Promise, Manage (부정사만)
💡

비슷한 의미끼리 묶어보세요

즐거움이나 선호를 나타내는 동사들을 한 팀으로 묶으면 기억하기 훨씬 쉬워요:
I fancy going to the cinema.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동명사만 오는 동사: -ing 클럽
💡

문맥이 가장 중요해요!

말하려는 상황이 과거의 기억인지, 아니면 앞으로 해야 할 일인지 먼저 생각해보세요.
I forgot to lock the door.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 의미가 변하는 동사 (동명사 vs 부정사)
💡

전체냐, 진행 중이냐!

동사원형은 동작의 시작과 끝을 다 봤다는 느낌이고, -ing는 그 동작이 한창 진행 중일 때 목격했다는 뉘앙스예요.
I saw him run.
vs
I saw him running.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 감각과 문장: 지각 동사

핵심 어휘 (5)

Manage to succeed in doing something Perception the ability to see, hear, or become aware Collocation words that naturally go together Infinitive the base form of a verb Gerund the -ing form of a verb used as a noun

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Office Meeting

Review Summary

  • Verb + to + base
  • Verb + -ing
  • Verb + -ing/-to
  • See/Hear + Object + -ing
  • Adj + Prep
  • Verb + Part + Part
  • Do (task) / Make (create)
  • Noun + Prep
  • Verb + Object + to
  • Having + V3

자주 하는 실수

Enjoy is followed by a gerund, not an infinitive. It's a common error for many learners.

Wrong: I enjoy to read.
정답: I enjoy reading.

In this phrasal verb, 'to' is a preposition, so it must be followed by a gerund.

Wrong: I look forward to hear from you.
정답: I look forward to hearing from you.

Homework is a task, so we use 'do'. 'Make' is for creating something new.

Wrong: I made my homework.
정답: I did my homework.

이 챕터의 규칙 (10)

1

'To'와 함께 쓰는 동사: Decide, Promise, Manage (부정사만)

B2
의도, 약속, 미래의 계획을 나타낼 때는 decide, promise, manage 같은 동사 뒤에 꼭 «to + 동사원형»을 써주세요.
I **decided to pursue** a career in environmental...
12 예문
2

동명사만 오는 동사: -ing 클럽

B2
동명사 전용 동사들을 마스터하면 영어가 훨씬 자연스러워져요. enjoy, avoid, suggest 같은 단어들이 핵심이에요.
I really enjoy learning new languages.
12 예문
3

의미가 변하는 동사 (동명사 vs 부정사)

B2
동사의 형태 하나로 의미가 180도 바뀔 수 있어요! 과거의 경험은 gerund, 미래의 할 일이나 목적은 infinitive라고 생각하면 훨씬 쉬워요.
I remember `watching` that movie last year; it was...
12 예문
4

감각과 문장: 지각 동사

B2
지각동사를 마스터하면 내가 보고 들은 걸 더 생생하게 전달할 수 있어요. complete action은 처음부터 끝까지, ongoing action은 하는 중인 순간을 강조하는 핵심 포인트예요.
I heard the rain *fall* on the windowpane just as...
12 예문
5

형용사 + 전치사 (무엇을 자랑스러워하는, 무엇을 좋아하는)

B2
형용사와 전치사의 '찰떡궁합'을 익히면 영어가 훨씬 정교하고 자연스러워져요. proud of, keen on, good at 처럼 세트로 기억하는 게 핵심이에요!
I'm really `proud of` your success in the universi...
12 예문
6

세 부분 동사구 (get on with, look forward to)

B2
3단어 구동사를 마스터하면 영어의 미묘한 뉘앙스를 살려 훨씬 자연스럽게 말할 수 있어요. natural flow fluent English idiomatic expressions
I'm really looking forward to the concert tonight.
12 예문
7

Do or Make: Choosing the Right Verb

B2
Do is for activities, tasks, and work (often undefined or general). Make is for creating, producing, or causing something. Many collocations must simply be learned.
5 예문
8

Noun + Preposition Collocations: Reason for, Advantage of, Lack of

B2
Many nouns in English are followed by a fixed preposition. These collocations cannot be guessed from grammar alone — they must be learned as fixed chunks.
5 예문
9

Verb + Object + Infinitive or Gerund: Want Him to Go, See Her Leaving

B2
Many verbs take an object followed by either a to-infinitive or a bare infinitive or -ing form. The pattern depends on the verb — it must be learned for each.
5 예문
10

Complex Infinitive and Gerund Forms: To Have Done, Having Done, To Be Doing

B2
Beyond basic -ing and to-infinitive, English has perfect and continuous forms: to have done (completed before now), having done (completed before the next action), to be doing (in progress at a time).
5 예문

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job! Keep practicing these patterns in your daily conversations.

Write a journal entry using 5 new patterns.

Continue to: 자연스러운 정보 전달의 기술: 수동태와 보고 화법 마스터하기

빠른 연습 (10)

문장을 완성하기 위해 알맞은 형태를 고르세요.

My friends and I enjoy ___ board games on weekends.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: playing
동사 'enjoy'는 항상 동명사(-ing 형태)를 목적으로 취합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동명사만 오는 동사: -ing 클럽

형용사와 전치사가 올바르게 사용된 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He is keen on playing tennis.
'keen on'이 흥미를 나타내는 올바른 조합이며, 전치사 뒤에는 동명사 'playing'이 와야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 형용사 + 전치사 (무엇을 자랑스러워하는, 무엇을 좋아하는)

Fill in the blank.

I need to ___ my homework.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: do
Homework is a task.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Do or Make: Choosing the Right Verb

Fill in the blank with the correct preposition.

The reason ___ the delay is traffic.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: for
Reason always takes 'for'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Noun + Preposition Collocations: Reason for, Advantage of, Lack of

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 올바르게 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Can you put the loud music up with?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can you put up with the loud music?
3단어 구동사는 분리할 수 없습니다. 목적어인 'the loud music'은 반드시 전체 구동사 뒤에 와야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 세 부분 동사구 (get on with, look forward to)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 바르게 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

I forgot calling my mom, so she's probably worried.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I forgot to call my mom, so she's probably worried.
전화를 '안 해서' 걱정하시는 상황이므로, 미래의 할 일을 잊었다는 뜻의 to-v를 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 의미가 변하는 동사 (동명사 vs 부정사)

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Having see the movie, I left.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Having seen
Past participle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Complex Infinitive and Gerund Forms: To Have Done, Having Done, To Be Doing

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

I told her not go.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I told her not to go.
Negative infinitive is 'not to'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Verb + Object + Infinitive or Gerund: Want Him to Go, See Her Leaving

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I saw him run.
Perception verbs take the base form.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Verb + Object + Infinitive or Gerund: Want Him to Go, See Her Leaving

문장을 완성하기 위해 알맞은 전치사를 고르세요.

She is very fond ___ her pet cat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: of
누군가나 무언가에 대한 애정을 나타내는 'fond'는 항상 전치사 'of'와 함께 쓰입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 형용사 + 전치사 (무엇을 자랑스러워하는, 무엇을 좋아하는)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

기본적으로 decide, promise, manage 같은 동사들은 뒤에 다른 동사가 올 때 'to + 동사원형' 형태인 to부정사를 사용합니다. 예를 들어 I decided to leave.처럼 말이죠.
주로 의도, 미래의 행동, 목적, 혹은 어떤 일을 성공적으로(또는 실패로) 마친 것을 나타냅니다. 아직 일어나지 않았거나 달성해야 할 목표를 향해 나아가는 느낌이에요.
I hope to win.
동명사는 동사 뒤에 -ing를 붙여서 명사처럼 사용하는 형태예요. 예를 들어 I enjoy reading에서 'reading'은 즐거움의 대상이 되는 명사 역할을 하죠.
이건 영어의 오랜 관습이에요. 보통 이 동사들은 목표나 의도보다는 그 활동 자체나 경험을 나타내기 때문에 동명사와 더 잘 어울린답니다.
이렇게 생각해보세요! stop smoking은 담배를 끊는 것(금연)이고, stop to smoke는 담배를 피우기 위해 가던 길을 멈추는 거예요.
He stopped to smoke a cigarette.
아니요, like는 큰 차이가 없어요. I like swimming은 일반적인 즐거움을, I like to swim은 습관이나 선호를 나타내지만 stop처럼 의미가 반대로 바뀌진 않아요.
I like to swim every morning.
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Connecting Information with Relative Clauses
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자연스러운 정보 전달의 기술: 수동태와 보고 화법 마스터하기
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