Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the intricate dance of verbs and prepositions to achieve true English fluency.
- Identify correct verb-pattern pairings.
- Master complex phrasal verbs.
- Apply nuanced grammatical structures.
学べること
Ready to truly express yourself with precision? This chapter unlocks the secrets of verb patterns, like choosing between 'to do' or 'doing,' so you can speak and write with natural fluency and confidence. Get ready to master those tricky phrasal verbs and sound even more like a native speaker!
-
「To」を伴う動詞:Decide, Promise, Manage(不定詞のみ)「to + 不定詞」をマスターすると、あなたの英語はぐっと正確で自然になります。
decideやpromise、manageは未来や決意を表す大切なキーワードです。 -
動名詞のみを伴う動詞:-ingクラブこの「ing-Club」の動詞をマスターすれば、あなたの英語は一気にネイティブらしくなります。ポイントは
activity、experience、そしてno toです。 -
意味が変化する動詞(動名詞 vs 不定詞)Mastering these forms prevents hilarious misunderstandings and sharpens your English precision.
-
感覚と文:知覚動詞知覚動詞を使いこなせば、目撃したシーンが「完了したこと」なのか「進行中」なのかを鮮明に伝えられます。
bare infinitiveと-ingの使い分けがカギです。 -
形容詞 + 前置詞(〜を誇りに思う、〜に熱心な)Mastering adjective-preposition pairs makes your English sound natural and super precise.
-
三部構成の句動詞 (get on with, look forward to)3語の句動詞をマスターすれば、ネイティブのような自然なリズムで話せるようになりますよ。
fluencyとnatural flowがキーワードです。 -
Do or Make: Choosing the Right VerbDo is for activities, tasks, and work (often undefined or general). Make is for creating, producing, or causing something. Many collocations must simply be learned.
-
Noun + Preposition Collocations: Reason for, Advantage of, Lack ofMany nouns in English are followed by a fixed preposition. These collocations cannot be guessed from grammar alone — they must be learned as fixed chunks.
-
Verb + Object + Infinitive or Gerund: Want Him to Go, See Her LeavingMany verbs take an object followed by either a to-infinitive or a bare infinitive or -ing form. The pattern depends on the verb — it must be learned for each.
-
Complex Infinitive and Gerund Forms: To Have Done, Having Done, To Be DoingBeyond basic -ing and to-infinitive, English has perfect and continuous forms: to have done (completed before now), having done (completed before the next action), to be doing (in progress at a time).
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
-
1
By the end you will be able to: Use gerunds and infinitives correctly in professional emails.
チャプターガイド
Overview
How This Grammar Works
rule about what follows them. Think of it like this: some verbs are followed by a 'to-infinitive' (e.g., 'decide to go', 'promise to call', 'manage to finish'). These verbs act as gates, only allowing the 'to' form to pass.I decided to study abroad,not
I decided studying abroad.These are generally about future intentions or commitments.
I enjoy playing tennisor
She avoids making mistakes.Trying to use
enjoy to play or avoid to make would immediately flag you as a non-native speaker.I remember locking the doorrefers to a past memory (you recall the *action* of locking), while
I remembered to lock the doormeans you didn't forget to perform the *task* of locking it. This subtle distinction is crucial for clear communication.
He stopped talking) or to pause one action in order to do another (
He stopped to talk).
I saw him leave the building) and a gerund for an action in progress (
I saw him leaving the building). Finally, to truly sound like a B2 speaker, you need to master adjectives + prepositions (like 'proud of', 'keen on', 'interested in') and three-part phrasal verbs (e.g., 'get on with', 'look forward to').
Common Mistakes
- 1✗
I avoid to make mistakes when speaking English.
I avoid making mistakes when speaking English.
- 1✗
He stopped talking to buy a coffee.
He stopped to buy a coffee.(or
He stopped talking because he wanted to buy a coffee.)
Stopped talking means he ceased the action of talking. Stopped to buy means he paused his journey/activity *in order* to buy a coffee. The infinitive shows purpose.- 1✗
I am looking forward seeing you next week.
I am looking forward to seeing you next week.
Look forward to is a common three-part phrasal verb where 'to' is a preposition, not part of a to-infinitive. Therefore, it must be followed by a gerund.Real Conversations
A
B
A
B
A
B
Quick FAQ
Why is it sometimes remember to do and sometimes remember doing?
Remember to do means you recall a necessary action you have to perform (e.g.,
I must remember to buy milk).
Remember doing means you have a memory of a past event or action (e.g., I remember buying that book last year).
How do I know if a verb takes a gerund or an infinitive?
There are patterns, but often it comes down to memorization and exposure. Many verbs related to feelings (enjoy, hate, like), avoiding, or continuing take gerunds. Verbs related to decisions, plans, or intentions often take infinitives. Keep a list and practice!
Are three-part phrasal verbs common in everyday English?
Absolutely! They are incredibly common and essential for sounding natural. Phrases like get on with, look forward to, put up with, and run out of are used constantly in casual and even semi-formal conversation.
What's the difference in meaning between
I saw him runand
I saw him running?
I saw him runimplies you saw the complete action from beginning to end.
I saw him runningsuggests you witnessed part of the action while it was in progress, like a snapshot.
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (6)
I remember `watching` that movie last year; it was fantastic!
Me acuerdo de haber visto esa película el año pasado; ¡fue fantástica!
意味が変化する動詞(動名詞 vs 不定詞)Did you remember `to turn off` the lights before leaving?
¿Te acordaste de apagar las luces antes de salir?
意味が変化する動詞(動名詞 vs 不定詞)I'm really `proud of` your success in the university project.
Estoy realmente orgulloso de tu éxito en el proyecto universitario.
形容詞 + 前置詞(〜を誇りに思う、〜に熱心な)My little brother is very `keen on` playing video games all day.
Mi hermano pequeño está muy interesado en jugar videojuegos todo el día.
形容詞 + 前置詞(〜を誇りに思う、〜に熱心な)I'm really looking forward to the concert tonight.
今夜のコンサートを本当に楽しみにしています。
三部構成の句動詞 (get on with, look forward to)We should get on with our group project now.
今すぐグループプロジェクトを進めるべきです。
三部構成の句動詞 (get on with, look forward to)ヒントとコツ (4)
「意図」に注目しましょう
I intend to finish my work early.
似た意味でグループ化!
Do you fancy going out?
The Memory Test
原形 vs -ing の使い分け
I saw him cook dinner.
重要な語彙 (5)
Real-World Preview
Office Meeting
Review Summary
- Verb + to + base
- Verb + -ing
- Verb + -ing/-to
- See/Hear + Object + -ing
- Adj + Prep
- Verb + Part + Part
- Do (task) / Make (create)
- Noun + Prep
- Verb + Object + to
- Having + V3
よくある間違い
Enjoy is followed by a gerund, not an infinitive. It's a common error for many learners.
In this phrasal verb, 'to' is a preposition, so it must be followed by a gerund.
Homework is a task, so we use 'do'. 'Make' is for creating something new.
このチャプターのルール (10)
Next Steps
You have done an amazing job! Keep practicing these patterns in your daily conversations.
Write a journal entry using 5 new patterns.
クイック練習 (10)
Choose the correct sentence:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 三部構成の句動詞 (get on with, look forward to)
He managed finishing the complicated puzzle.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「To」を伴う動詞:Decide, Promise, Manage(不定詞のみ)
I am honored ___ (to have been invited/to be invited).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Complex Infinitive and Gerund Forms: To Have Done, Having Done, To Be Doing
She ___ a cake.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Do or Make: Choosing the Right Verb
She appears ___ (to be waiting/to have waited) for hours.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Complex Infinitive and Gerund Forms: To Have Done, Having Done, To Be Doing
Find and fix the mistake:
She avoids to talk about her past experiences.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動名詞のみを伴う動詞:-ingクラブ
___ me a favor.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Do or Make: Choosing the Right Verb
I'm really looking forward to ___ my new language course.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 三部構成の句動詞 (get on with, look forward to)
Translate into English: 'Ella se negó a responder la pregunta.'
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「To」を伴う動詞:Decide, Promise, Manage(不定詞のみ)
He seems ___ (to be working/to have worked) right now.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Complex Infinitive and Gerund Forms: To Have Done, Having Done, To Be Doing
Score: /10
よくある質問 (6)
I decided to leave.のようになります。
I plan to go.
I enjoy reading の 'reading' は、'enjoy' の目的語として名詞のように機能しています。I enjoy swimming.