B2 · فوق المتوسط فصل 9

Reporting and Passive Voice

4 القواعد الإجمالية
48 أمثلة
5 دقيقة

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of professional communication by reporting news and arranging services with confidence.

  • Arrange services efficiently using causative structures.
  • Describe actions clearly using passive infinitives.
  • Report information professionally using passive and specific verb patterns.
Report with precision, arrange with ease.

ما ستتعلمه

Ready to sound more natural when sharing news or describing actions? This chapter empowers you to report what *is said that* happened and confidently *have services done* without doing them yourself. You'll master sophisticated ways to express information clearly.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Explain that you had a service completed (e.g., car repaired) using causative verbs.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'it is said that' to share common knowledge or news professionally.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

As a B2 English learner, you're past the basics and ready to refine your communication for more sophisticated interactions. This chapter on English reporting and passive voice is your key to unlocking a more natural, nuanced way of speaking. We're going beyond simple statements to help you convey information with greater precision and fluency, enabling you to truly interact with native speakers fluently.
You'll discover how to report what others have said using patterns like 'It is said that...', making your reports sound objective and well-informed. We'll also dive into causative verbs like 'have/get something done', allowing you to talk about arranging services effortlessly. Plus, understanding the passive infinitive and various reporting verb patterns will give you the tools to shift focus, emphasize information, and interact more smoothly.
Get ready to elevate your B2 English grammar skills and sound more authentic!

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

These grammar structures, while seemingly distinct, work together to provide flexibility and sophistication in your English communication. Let's start with Causative Verbs: Have/Get Something Done. This is all about outsourcing!
Instead of saying 'I repaired my car' (implying *you* did it), you'd say 'I had my car repaired yesterday' or 'I got my car repaired'. This clearly communicates that a professional service was arranged, like in 'I need to get my hair cut before the party'.
Building on the idea of shifting focus, the Passive Infinitive: to be done comes into play when the action or outcome is more important than the doer. For instance, 'There's a lot of work to be done before the deadline' emphasizes the task, not who specifically does it. Compare 'They have to finish the report' with 'The report needs to be finished by Friday'.
For reporting information without naming the source directly, we use Reporting with the Passive (It is said that...). This often uses verbs like *say, believe, know, think, report*. For example, 'People say he's very talented' becomes 'It is said that he's very talented.' Or, 'They believe the economy is improving' becomes 'The economy is believed to be improving.' This provides a more formal or impersonal tone, often used in news.
Finally, mastering Reporting Verb Patterns is crucial for accuracy. These verbs demand specific structures: 'He suggested doing the work later' (verb + gerund), 'She accused him of taking her pen' (verb + object + preposition + gerund), or 'They advised her to speak to the manager' (verb + object + infinitive). Understanding these patterns ensures your reported speech is grammatically correct and natural.

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1Confusing Causative with Active Voice
✗ I cut my hair. (Unless you literally did it yourself!)
✓ I had my hair cut.
*Explanation:* Use the causative form when someone else performs the service for you, indicating you arranged it.
  1. 1Incorrect Reporting Verb Pattern
✗ She suggested to go to the cinema.
✓ She suggested going to the cinema.
*Explanation:* Many reporting verbs like 'suggest' take a gerund (-ing form), not an infinitive. Always check the specific pattern for each verb.
  1. 1Overusing
    It is said that
    in informal contexts
✗ (At a casual BBQ) It is said that the food is delicious.
✓ (At a casual BBQ) I heard the food is delicious. / Everyone says the food is delicious.
*Explanation:* While grammatically correct,
It is said that
is more formal or for general public knowledge. In casual talk, direct reporting or 'I heard' is more natural.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

Your garden looks fantastic! Did you do all that work yourself?
B

B

Oh, definitely not! I had the landscaping done last month. It was a huge job, so I outsourced it.
A

A

So, what did Sarah say about the proposal? Is it ready?
B

B

Not quite. She suggested making a few revisions before the final submission. She also advised us to present it next week instead, to allow for more preparation.
A

A

I heard there's a new cafe opening downtown next week. Any details?
B

B

Yes, it is believed to be a French patisserie. The pastries are supposed to be made with authentic ingredients, and there’s a lot of buzz about it. I can't wait to get some coffee there!

أسئلة شائعة

Q

What's the difference between have something done and get something done?

While often interchangeable, get something done can be slightly more informal and sometimes implies a greater effort or persuasion to arrange the service. For example,

I finally got my car fixed after weeks of trying.

Q

Can

It is said that
be used in spoken English?

Yes, but it's more common in formal contexts like news reports, academic discussions, or when reporting general knowledge without a specific source. In casual conversation, you might hear People say that... or I heard that... more often.

Q

Are there any common reporting verbs that *don't* follow the gerund or infinitive patterns?

Absolutely! Some verbs take a 'that' clause, like 'He claimed that he was innocent' or 'She explained that she couldn't make it.' Others might just take a direct object, like 'He denied the accusation.'

السياق الثقافي

Native speakers use these patterns to convey nuance and tone. The passive voice, especially
It is said that...
, lends authority or impersonality, common in news reports or academic writing. Causatives like
have/get something done
are everyday expressions across all registers.
Reporting verbs' precise patterns are key for sounding fluent; misusing them can make you sound less natural, though you'll still be understood. Regional differences are minor here, mainly pertaining to formality.

أمثلة رئيسية (4)

1

I need to have my car repaired before the road trip.

أحتاج لإصلاح سيارتي قبل الرحلة البرية.

الأفعال السببية: جعل/الحصول على شيء يتم إنجازه (ترتيب الخدمات)
2

She got her hair cut and styled for the wedding.

قامت بقص شعرها وتصفيفه من أجل الزفاف.

الأفعال السببية: جعل/الحصول على شيء يتم إنجازه (ترتيب الخدمات)
3

It is said that he commutes two hours every day.

يُقال إنه يسافر للعمل لمدة ساعتين يومياً.

الإبلاغ بصيغة المبني للمجهول (يُقال أن...)
4

The new policy is expected to increase productivity.

من المتوقع أن تزيد السياسة الجديدة من الإنتاجية.

الإبلاغ بصيغة المبني للمجهول (يُقال أن...)

نصائح وحيل (4)

💡

التركيز على الشيء

تذكر إن التركيز الأساسي هنا بيكون على 'الشيء' اللي استلم الفعل، مش الشخص اللي قام بيه. المهم هو النتيجة!
I had my car washed.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأفعال السببية: جعل/الحصول على شيء يتم إنجازه (ترتيب الخدمات)
💡

حدد مَن يستقبل الفعل

اسأل نفسك دائماً: هل الفاعل هو من يقوم بالفعل أم يقع عليه الفعل؟ إذا كان يستقبله، فأنت بحاجة للمصدر المجهول:
The cake needs to be eaten.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المصدر المبني للمجهول: استخدام 'to be done'
💡

اختار فعل النقل بدقة

فعل النقل بيغير نبرة كلامك؛ مثلاً 'claimed' بتوحي بالشك، بينما 'understood' بتوحي بالقبول العام. اختار اللي يناسب رسالتك:
He is claimed to be the rightful heir.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الإبلاغ بصيغة المبني للمجهول (يُقال أن...)
💡

عينك على الـ ing!

لما تشوف فعل وراه صيغة -ing، غالباً ده نمط Gerund. تأكد دايماً لو محتاج حرف جر في النص زي:
He apologized for being late.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: أنماط الأفعال الإخبارية (اقتراح القيام، اتهام بـ)

المفردات الرئيسية (5)

Repair fix something broken Allegedly supposedly/as claimed Suggest propose an idea Accuse claim someone did wrong Facility a place for a service

Real-World Preview

Building

Renovating the Office

Review Summary

  • have/get + object + past participle
  • to + be + past participle
  • It + is + passive verb + that clause
  • verb + gerund/infinitive

أخطاء شائعة

The causative structure requires the object (car) to be between the verb and the participle. 'I had fixed my car' implies you did the fixing yourself.

Wrong: I had fixed my car.
صحيح: I had my car fixed.

You must use the correct passive auxiliary tense. 'Be' is not a tense marker here.

Wrong: It is said that he is be promoted.
صحيح: It is said that he will be promoted.

The verb 'suggest' is followed by a gerund (-ing), not an infinitive.

Wrong: He suggested to go out.
صحيح: He suggested going out.

القواعد في هذا الفصل (4)

Next Steps

You've mastered a very difficult part of English grammar. Keep practicing, and you'll soon be speaking like a native!

Listen to a news podcast and note three instances of reporting verbs.

تدريب سريع (10)

اختر الصيغة الصحيحة لإكمال الجملة.

I usually ____ my car serviced at the local garage.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: have
في المضارع البسيط، 'have' هو فعل السببية الصحيح للخدمة المنتظمة. 'Get' مقبول أيضاً هنا، لكن 'have' خيار عام جيد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأفعال السببية: جعل/الحصول على شيء يتم إنجازه (ترتيب الخدمات)

اختار الصيغة الصحيحة لتكملة الجملة.

It ___ that the new park will open next spring.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is expected
بنستخدم صيغة المضارع للمبني للمجهول 'is expected' للتعبير عن توقع عام لحدث مستقبلي.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الإبلاغ بصيغة المبني للمجهول (يُقال أن...)

اختر الصيغة الصحيحة لإكمال الجملة.

The children admitted ___ (break) the window.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: breaking
فعل 'admit' بيجي وراه gerund (صيغة -ing) مباشرة.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: أنماط الأفعال الإخبارية (اقتراح القيام، اتهام بـ)

أي جملة تستخدم التركيب السببي بشكل صحيح؟

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: They had their garden landscaped.
'Landscaped' هو صيغة التصريف الثالث الصحيحة، مما يشير إلى أن الحديقة استقبلت الفعل.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأفعال السببية: جعل/الحصول على شيء يتم إنجازه (ترتيب الخدمات)

جد الخطأ في الجملة وقم بتصحيحه.

Find and fix the mistake:

He insisted paying for the whole meal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He insisted on paying for the whole meal.
فعل 'insist' بيحتاج حرف الجر 'on' قبل الـ gerund.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: أنماط الأفعال الإخبارية (اقتراح القيام، اتهام بـ)

لاقي الغلط وصلحه في الجملة دي.

Find and fix the mistake:

The athlete is said that he trained rigorously.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The athlete is said to have trained rigorously.
هيكل 'Subject is said that...' غلط. لازم نستخدم 'to-infinitive'. وبما إن التدريب حصل في الماضي، بنستخدم 'to have trained'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الإبلاغ بصيغة المبني للمجهول (يُقال أن...)

اختر الصيغة الصحيحة لإكمال الجملة.

The report needs ___ by tomorrow morning.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to be finished
التقرير يستقبل فعل الإنهاء، لذا فإن المصدر المجهول 'to be finished' هو الخيار الصحيح.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المصدر المبني للمجهول: استخدام 'to be done'

أي جملة تستخدم نمط فعل النقل بشكل صحيح؟

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She suggested going to the park.
فعل 'suggest' بيتبعه gerund مباشرة بدون 'to'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: أنماط الأفعال الإخبارية (اقتراح القيام، اتهام بـ)

ابحث عن الخطأ وصححه في الجملة.

Find and fix the mistake:

She needs to get her hair cut tomorrow.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She needs to get her hair cut tomorrow.
الجملة الأصلية 'She needs to get her hair cut tomorrow' صحيحة بالفعل. التصريف الثالث 'cut' هو المطلوب.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأفعال السببية: جعل/الحصول على شيء يتم إنجازه (ترتيب الخدمات)

أي جملة تستخدم المصدر المجهول بشكل صحيح؟

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I'm excited to receive the news.
هذا المثال يختبر فهمك لمتى نستخدم المعلوم مقابل المجهول. هنا 'receive' معلوم لأن الفاعل 'I' هو من يقوم بالفعل. لو أردت المجهول لقلت 'to be given'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المصدر المبني للمجهول: استخدام 'to be done'

Score: /10

أسئلة شائعة (6)

تُستخدم عندما ترتب لشخص آخر للقيام بعمل أو خدمة لك، بدلاً من القيام بها بنفسك. أنت المتسبب في الفعل، ولست من يقوم به جسدياً. مثلاً:
I had my car washed
تعني أن شخصاً آخر غسل سيارتك.
النمط هو: فاعل + have/get (يُصرف حسب الزمن) + مفعول به + تصريف ثالث. على سبيل المثال:
She is having her kitchen renovated
أو
They got their garden designed
.
هو صيغة المجهول للمصدر، نستخدمه عندما يستقبل فاعل المصدر الفعل ولا يقوم به. تركيبته دائماً هي to + be + past participle مثل:
The task needs to be done.
لأن 'to' في المصدر يجب أن يتبعها الشكل الأساسي للفعل. في المبني للمجهول، هذا الفعل الأساسي هو 'be'، والذي يتحد مع التصريف الثالث:
It has to be finished.
هي طريقة لنقل معلومة أو رأي بدون ما نحدد مين اللي قالها بالضبط. بنركز على المعلومة نفسها بدل الشخص اللي قالها، زي:
It is believed that...
.
بيخلي كلامك يبان رسمي وموضوعي أكثر. مفيد جداً في الأخبار والكتابة الأكاديمية لما يكون المصدر مش مهم أو غير معروف، زي:
It is said that...
.