B1 · 중급 챕터 12

Looking Ahead: Future and Probability

3 총 규칙
33 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of looking forward and making smart guesses in Spanish.

  • Distinguish between near plans and long-term predictions.
  • Identify irregular verb stems shared by future and conditional tenses.
  • Use the future tense to express probability in the present moment.
The future is yours to predict and plan.

배울 내용

Hey there! Ready for a new level in Spanish? In this chapter, we're not just talking about the past and present anymore – we're diving into the future! You'll learn how to talk about your plans, like "I'm going to work tomorrow or I want to travel this week." This way, you can coordinate your travel plans with friends or confidently answer when someone asks what you're doing this weekend. First, you'll master using ir a to express your definite plans, much like going to in English. Then, we'll move on to the Futuro Simple, which is not only for future predictions but also for making educated guesses about the present. For example, you can say "I'm sure they'll come tomorrow or I think they must be home now." Here, you'll discover how one verb stem can serve both the future and conditional tenses – killing two birds with one stone! Now, imagine you have a Spanish-speaking friend who calls you, but you don't answer. Later, you want to tell them,

I must have been at work.
Or perhaps there's a knock at the door, and you want to say,
It must be the mailman.
This is where the Futuro de Probabilidad comes in handy. You'll sound much more natural and native, significantly boosting your Spanish. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to speak confidently about the future and make smart guesses about present situations. So let's go, there are tons of exciting things to learn!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to choose correctly between 'ir a' and 'futuro simple' for plans.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to conjugate the 10 most common irregular future stems correctly.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to speculate about current situations using the future of probability.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome to your next big step in mastering Spanish grammar! As a B1 Spanish learner, you're ready to move beyond just describing the present and past. This chapter,
Looking Ahead: Future and Probability,
is all about equipping you with the tools to talk about tomorrow, next week, or even next year.
You'll learn how to express your plans, make predictions, and even guess about what's happening right now, making your conversations much more dynamic and natural.
We'll start by solidifying your understanding of ir a + infinitive, the most common way to express definite plans, much like going to in English. Then, we'll dive into the Futuro Simple, a powerful tense used not only for future predictions but also for making educated guesses about present situations – a concept often called Futuro de Probabilidad. Imagine being able to confidently say, "I'm sure they'll arrive soon or They must be at home right now." This ability to express probability will significantly boost your fluency and help you sound more like a native speaker.
Get ready to expand your communicative range and impress your Spanish-speaking friends!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down how to talk about the future and express probability in Spanish. First up is ir a + infinitive, which is your go-to for definite plans and intentions. It's formed by conjugating the verb ir (to go) in the present tense, followed by the preposition a, and then the infinitive of the action verb.
For example, Voy a estudiar (I am going to study) or Van a viajar mañana (They are going to travel tomorrow). This construction is incredibly common and mirrors the English going to structure perfectly for expressing your immediate or certain future plans.
Next, we have the Futuro Simple, also known as the Simple Future Tense. This tense is used for predictions, general future events, and promises. To form it, you take the infinitive of most verbs and add specific endings: -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án.
For example, hablaré (I will speak), comerás (you will eat), vivirá (he/she/it will live). There are also irregular verbs in the future, but here's a neat trick: their irregular *stem* is often the same one used for the Conditional tense! For instance, tener becomes tendr- (so, tendré, tendrás, etc.), hacer becomes har- (haré, harás, etc.), and decir becomes dir- (diré, dirás, etc.).
Now for the exciting part: Futuro de Probabilidad. This is where the Futuro Simple truly shines beyond just future events. You can use it to make guesses or express probability about *present* situations.
For example, if you say Estará en casa (He/She must be at home), you're not talking about the future, but rather speculating about their current location. Similarly, Serán las tres (It must be three o'clock) or Tendrá hambre (He/She must be hungry) use the future tense to express a conjecture about the present. Mastering this usage will make your B1 Spanish sound much more authentic and nuanced.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Voy a viajaré mañana.
✓ Correct:
Voy a viajar mañana.
*Explanation:* When using ir a + infinitive, the main verb (the action you're going to do) should always be in its infinitive form, not conjugated. Only ir is conjugated.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    ¿Dónde está Juan? Yo creo que está en el trabajo.
    (When guessing)
✓ Correct:
¿Dónde está Juan? Estará en el trabajo.
*Explanation:* While creo que está is grammatically correct, using the Futuro Simple (Estará) to express probability or conjecture about the present is much more natural and common in Spanish. It conveys
He must be at work
or "He's probably at work."

Real Conversations

A

A

¿Qué vas a hacer este fin de semana? (What are you going to do this weekend?)
B

B

Voy a visitar a mis abuelos. ¿Y tú? (I'm going to visit my grandparents. And you?)
A

A

Yo iré a la playa si hace buen tiempo. (I will go to the beach if the weather is good.)
A

A

¿Por qué no contesta Ana? (Why isn't Ana answering?)
B

B

Estará en una reunión. Siempre tiene muchas por la tarde. (She must be in a meeting. She always has many in the afternoon.)
A

A

¿A qué hora llegará el tren? (What time will the train arrive?)
B

B

No lo sé, pero tendrá un retraso, como siempre. (I don't know, but it will probably be delayed, as always.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between ir a + infinitive and the Futuro Simple in Spanish?

Ir a + infinitive is for definite, pre-planned actions, similar to going to in English. The Futuro Simple is for predictions, general future events, or expressing probability about the present.

Q

How do I know when to use the Futuro Simple for probability instead of just saying I think that...?

Using the Futuro Simple for probability (Futuro de Probabilidad) adds a native-like nuance of conjecture or assumption (must be, probably is). While creo que (I think that) is correct, the future tense often sounds more natural for expressing educated guesses about the present.

Q

Are there many irregular verbs in the Futuro Simple in B1 Spanish?

There are about 12 common irregular verbs in the Futuro Simple, but the good news is they all follow a similar pattern: they have an irregular *stem* to which you add the regular future endings. Plus, these irregular stems are often the same ones used for the Conditional tense!

Cultural Context

In Spanish-speaking cultures, using the Futuro de Probabilidad is very common and natural in everyday conversations. It's a subtle yet powerful way to express uncertainty or make assumptions without sounding overly direct. You'll hear it frequently when people are speculating about someone's whereabouts, the time, or a potential reason for something.
Mastering this usage will make your Spanish grammar sound much more authentic and integrated into native speech patterns.

주요 예문 (4)

1

Te voy a llamar en cinco minutos, ¿vale?

5분 뒤에 전화할게, 알았지?

스페인어 미래 시제: 계획 vs 예측
2

Mañana lloverá en todo el norte del país.

내일은 전국 북부 지역에 비가 올 것입니다.

스페인어 미래 시제: 계획 vs 예측
3

Mañana tendré los resultados de el examen.

내일 시험 결과를 받을 거예요.

미래 및 조건법 불규칙 동사: 하나의 어간, 두 개의 시제
4

¿Me podrías pasar la sal, por favor?

소금 좀 건네주시겠어요?

미래 및 조건법 불규칙 동사: 하나의 어간, 두 개의 시제

팁과 요령 (3)

🎯

꿀팁: 90% 규칙

일상 대화에서는 'ir a + infinitivo'가 'futuro simple'보다 훨씬 더 많이 쓰여요. 헷갈릴 땐 'ir a'를 쓰는 게 안전해요. Voy a comer. (나 밥 먹을 거야.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 미래 시제: 계획 vs 예측
🎯

'Suponer' 트릭

어떤 동사 안에 불규칙 동사가 포함되어 있다면, 그 동사도 똑같은 불규칙 패턴을 따라요. 예를 들어, 'suponer'는 'poner'가 들어있으니 'supondré'처럼 변해요.
Yo supondré que vendrá.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 미래 및 조건법 불규칙 동사: 하나의 어간, 두 개의 시제
🎯

'도대체 ~일까?' 꿀팁

현재 상황에 대해 혼자 궁금해하거나 질문할 때 미래형을 써보세요. 훨씬 자연스러워요.
¿Dónde estará mi móvil?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 현재 추측하기: 확률을 나타내는 미래 시제 (Estará en casa)

핵심 어휘 (7)

mañana tomorrow próximo next supongo I suppose / I guess probablemente probably hacer to do / to make tener to have ahora now

Real-World Preview

phone

Wondering where a friend is

Review Summary

  • Infinitive + -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án
  • Irregular Stem + Future Endings

자주 하는 실수

While the present is sometimes used for the future, at B1 level you should use future forms to be precise about timing.

Wrong: Mañana yo como con mi abuela.
정답: Mañana comeré / voy a comer con mi abuela.

Don't forget to use the irregular stem 'tendr-' instead of the full infinitive 'tener'.

Wrong: Yo teneré mucho dinero.
정답: Yo tendré mucho dinero.

To sound like a native, use the future tense when you are guessing the current time or state.

Wrong: ¿Qué hora es? - Es las tres (when unsure).
정답: ¿Qué hora será? - Serán las tres.

Next Steps

You've just expanded your Spanish timeline! Being able to discuss the future and express probability makes your conversations so much more dynamic. Keep practicing those irregular stems!

Write down 5 predictions for the world in 50 years.

Look at a photo of people and guess what they are doing using probability.

Continue to: Hypotheticals and Giving Advice

빠른 연습 (6)

계획에 가장 자연스러운 미래 형태를 골라 빈칸을 채우세요.

Este fin de semana ________ una película en Netflix.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: voy a ver
개인적인 계획이나 의도를 나타낼 때는 'ir a + 동사원형'을 사용해요. 'Veré'는 예측이나 공식적인 약속처럼 들려요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 미래 시제: 계획 vs 예측

일기예보에 가장 적절한 단어를 고르세요.

Según el pronóstico, mañana ________ en Madrid.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lloverá
일기예보나 일반적인 예측에서는 'futuro simple'이 표준적으로 사용돼요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 미래 시제: 계획 vs 예측

문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

'I would do it'을 올바르게 표현한 문장은 무엇인가요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yo lo haría.
'Haría'는 불규칙 어간 'har-'와 조건법 어미 '-ía'를 사용합니다. 'Haré'는 미래 시제입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 미래 및 조건법 불규칙 동사: 하나의 어간, 두 개의 시제

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Él decirá la verdad en el juicio.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Él dirá la verdad en el juicio.
'decir'의 미래 시제 어간은 'dir-'이므로 'decirá'가 아닌 'dirá'가 되어야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 미래 및 조건법 불규칙 동사: 하나의 어간, 두 개의 시제

'tener' 동사의 올바른 미래 시제 형태로 빈칸을 채우세요.

Yo ___ (tener) los boletos para el concierto mañana.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tendré
'tener'의 불규칙 어간은 'tendr-'입니다. 'yo' 미래 시제 어미 '-é'를 붙이면 'tendré'가 됩니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 미래 및 조건법 불규칙 동사: 하나의 어간, 두 개의 시제

시간 추측에 대한 이 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

¿Qué hora es? - No sé, van a ser las cinco. (Guessing)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: serán
현재에 대해 추측할 때 (확률)는 'futuro simple'을 사용해요. 'Van a ser'는 시간이 변할 계획을 의미하는데, 이는 말이 안 돼요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 미래 시제: 계획 vs 예측

Score: /6

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

주요 차이점은 'ir a'는 의도나 계획을, 'futuro simple'은 예측을 나타낸다는 거예요. 예를 들어, 'Voy a estudiar' (공부할 계획이야)와 'Estudiaré' (언젠가 공부할 거야)의 차이처럼요.
네, 맞아요! 'futuro simple'을 사용해서 현재에 대해 추측할 수 있어요. 예를 들어, '누구지?' 할 때 ¿Quién será?라고 하거나, '세 시쯤 될 거야' 할 때
Serán las tres
라고 말할 수 있어요.
역사적으로 미래 시제와 조건법은 동사 원형에 'haber' 동사의 형태를 붙여 만들었어요. 기본이 되는 어간이 같았기 때문에 시간이 지나면서 불규칙 어간도 똑같이 발전한 거죠.
주요 불규칙 동사는 12개예요. 하지만 'detener'나 'predecir'처럼 이 동사들을 기반으로 하는 다른 동사들도 불규칙적으로 변해요. 예를 들어, 'detener'는 'detendré'가 돼요.
네, 맞아요! Creo que...나 Pienso que...를 대신해서 문장을 더 간결하고 임팩트 있게 만들어 줍니다. 예를 들어
Creo que tiene hambre
대신 그냥 Tendrá hambre라고 하면 돼요.
아뇨, 안타깝게도 이건 현재에 대한 추측일 때만 써요. 과거 일을 추측하려면 미래 완료형이나 조건법을 써야 한답니다. 이 단순 미래형은 오직 지금 이 순간의 추측을 위한 거예요.
이전 챕터
Connecting Ideas and Comparing Things
다음 챕터
Hypotheticals and Giving Advice
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