A1 · 초급 챕터 12

The Building Blocks of Action

5 총 규칙
50 예문
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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your ability to describe daily actions and surroundings by mastering essential Spanish verb conjugations.

  • Conjugate regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs to describe actions.
  • Manage irregular forms like 'hago' for versatile daily communication.
  • Utilize 'hay' to identify people and objects in your environment.
Master the verbs that bring Spanish to life!

배울 내용

Hey there! Ready to truly bring your Spanish to life? This chapter is your launchpad! We're diving into verbs, the very heart of any language. Don't worry, we're starting with the most basic and common ones: verbs ending in -ar, like hablar (to speak). Mastering these endings will unlock the door to countless Spanish conversations, allowing you to talk about the actions you perform every day. Next, we'll tackle -er verbs like comer (to eat) and -ir verbs like vivir (to live). You'll notice how similar they are! By learning these, you'll instantly get a handle on a whole group of other verbs. Imagine, you'll be able to say I eat or you live. How cool is that? You'll be able to talk about your favorite food or where you call home. Then comes a super important verb: hacer (to do/to make). It has a tiny trick – only the I form (yo) changes to hago, but the rest is regular and easy! This verb is incredibly versatile; you can use it for everything from

What are you doing?
to "I'm making dinner." Finally, we'll meet hay, which means there is or there are. It's incredibly simple and useful. You can use it to point out things like "There's a book over there or There are several students here." The best part? It never changes, whether you're talking about one thing or many! By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to talk about your daily actions, express what you eat or where you live, and even point out things around you. You’ll unlock so many ways to express yourself. Ready for this exciting adventure? Let's go!

  • 현재 시제 -AR 동사: 말하다 (Hablar)
    축하해요! 스페인어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 동사 중 하나인 '-ar' 동사를 배우기 시작했어요. 이 동사 꼬리들, 즉 «-o», -as, «-a», -amos, «-áis», -an만 잘 익히면, 여러분이 하고 싶은 말을 훨씬 더 쉽게 할 수 있을 거예요! 마치 마법의 열쇠처럼요.
  • 스페인어 -ER 동사: 'Comer'(먹다) 사용법
    'Comer'를 잘 익히면 다른 -er 동사들도 쉽게 배울 수 있어요. 스페인 음식 문화를 이해하는 데도 큰 도움이 될 거예요! «먹다», «규칙 동사», «기본»
  • 스페인어 IR 동사: 'Vivir'(살다) 사용법
    vivir 동사를 잘 알면, 내가 세상 어디에 사는지, 어떤 삶을 사는지 스페인어로 말할 수 있어요. vivir «내 삶» «내 위치»
  • 내가 하다 / 만들다 (Yo hago)
    스페인어 동사 hacer는 yo 형태만 hago로 불규칙하게 변하고, 나머지는 규칙적이에요.
  • 〜이/가 있다 (Hay)
    어떤 것이 '있다'고 말할 때, 'Hay'를 사용해요. 'Hay'는 개수에 상관없이 항상 똑같은 모양이에요. «있다» «없다»

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate regular verbs in the present tense to discuss daily routines.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome to
The Building Blocks of Action,
your essential guide to mastering Spanish verbs at the A1 CEFR level! This chapter is designed to give you a solid foundation in Spanish grammar, specifically focusing on the present tense. Verbs are the engine of any language, allowing you to express actions, states of being, and what’s happening around you.
By the end of this journey, you'll feel confident talking about your daily routine, what you eat, where you live, and even pointing out things in your surroundings. This is a crucial step in your Spanish learning adventure, unlocking countless possibilities for real-world communication.
We’re going to tackle some of the most common and fundamental verbs, starting with the regular patterns that will make learning new verbs much easier. Understanding these basic structures is key to progressing in Spanish conversation. You’ll learn how to conjugate verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir, which cover a vast majority of Spanish verbs.
We’ll also introduce two super useful verbs: hacer (to do/to make) and hay (there is/there are), which are indispensable for everyday communication.
Don't worry if it seems like a lot! We break everything down into easy-to-understand chunks, packed with examples. This guide is crafted to be engaging and practical, ensuring you can immediately apply what you learn.
Get ready to transform your ability to express yourself and truly bring your A1 Spanish to life. Let's dive into the exciting world of Spanish verbs!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the core mechanics of Spanish verbs, starting with the regular patterns and then moving to a couple of essential irregular ones. Mastering these will significantly boost your Spanish grammar A1 skills.
Present Tense -AR Verbs: Speaking (Hablar)
Most Spanish verbs end in -ar, -er, or -ir. For -ar verbs, like hablar (to speak), we remove the -ar ending and add specific new endings based on who is performing the action.
* yo hablo (I speak)
* tú hablas (you [informal] speak)
* él/ella/usted habla (he/she/you [formal] speaks)
* nosotros/as hablamos (we speak)
* vosotros/as habláis (you [plural, informal in Spain] speak)
* ellos/ellas/ustedes hablan (they/you [plural, formal] speak)
This pattern is consistent for thousands of -ar verbs! For example, trabajar (to work) becomes yo trabajo, tú trabajas, etc.
Spanish -ER Verbs: How to use 'Comer' (to eat)
-ER verbs follow a very similar pattern to -ar verbs. We remove the -er ending and add new endings. Let's use comer (to eat):
* yo como (I eat)
* tú comes (you [informal] eat)
* él/ella/usted come (he/she/you [formal] eats)
* nosotros/as comemos (we eat)
* vosotros/as coméis (you [plural, informal in Spain] eat)
* ellos/ellas/ustedes comen (they/you [plural, formal] eat)
Notice the similarities? The endings start with 'o', then 'es/e', 'emos/éis', 'en'.
Spanish IR Verbs: How to Use 'Vivir' (to live)
-IR verbs are almost identical to -er verbs in their conjugation, with just a slight difference in the nosotros/vosotros forms. Let’s look at vivir (to live):
* yo vivo (I live)
* tú vives (you [informal] live)
* él/ella/usted vive (he/she/you [formal] lives)
* nosotros/as vivimos (we live)
* vosotros/as vivís (you [plural, informal in Spain] live)
* ellos/ellas/ustedes viven (they/you [plural, formal] live)
The main difference is the 'i' in vivimos and vivís compared to the 'e' in comemos and coméis.
I do / I make (Yo hago)
The verb hacer (to do/to make) is incredibly common and useful, but it has one small irregularity in the yo form.
* yo hago (I do/make) – *This is the irregular part!*
* tú haces (you do/make)
* él/ella/usted hace (he/she/you does/makes)
* nosotros/as hacemos (we do/make)
* vosotros/as hacéis (you do/make)
* ellos/ellas/ustedes hacen (they/you do/make)
After the yo form, it follows the regular -er verb pattern. You'll use this verb constantly!
There is / There are (Hay)
Finally, hay is a unique and wonderfully simple verb that means there is or there are. The best part? It never changes! Whether you're talking about one thing or many, it's always hay.
* Hay un libro. (There is a book.)
* Hay dos estudiantes. (There are two students.)
* Hay mucha gente. (There are many people.)
This verb is essential for describing existence and locations.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Yo hablo español, tú hablar español.
✓ Correct:
Yo hablo español, tú hablas español.
(I speak Spanish, you speak Spanish.)
*Explanation:* You need to conjugate the verb hablar for each subject pronoun. Just adding the infinitive after «tú» is a common error for beginners. Remember to change the ending!
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Yo hace mi tarea.
✓ Correct:
Yo hago mi tarea.
(I do my homework.)
*Explanation:* The yo form of hacer is irregular. It's hago, not hace. This is a crucial irregularity to memorize early on.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Son muchos libros en la mesa.
✓ Correct:
Hay muchos libros en la mesa.
(There are many books on the table.)
*Explanation:* While ser (to be) is used for descriptions, hay is specifically used to express existence or presence (
there is/there are
). Do not confuse it with ser or estar.

Real Conversations

A

A

¿Qué haces tú en la tarde? (What do you do in the afternoon?)
B

B

Yo como fruta y luego hablo con mis amigos. (I eat fruit and then I talk with my friends.)
A

A

¿Dónde vives? (Where do you live?)
B

B

Yo vivo en Madrid. Hay muchos parques bonitos aquí. (I live in Madrid. There are many beautiful parks here.)
A

A

Nosotros trabajamos mucho. (We work a lot.)
B

B

Sí, ustedes hacen un buen trabajo. (Yes, you all do a good job.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Why are there so many verb endings in Spanish grammar A1?

Spanish verbs change their endings to tell you who is performing the action (I, you, he/she, we, they) without always needing the subject pronoun. This makes sentences more concise!

Q

Is hay always singular, even if it means there are?

Yes, hay is always used in its singular form, regardless of whether it refers to one item or multiple items. It's one of the easiest Spanish verbs to use!

Q

How do I know if a new verb is -AR, -ER, or -IR?

When you learn new Spanish vocabulary, pay attention to the verb's infinitive ending. Most dictionaries will list the infinitive form, which clearly shows if it's an -ar, -er, or -ir verb.

Q

Can hacer really mean both to do and to make?

Absolutely! Hacer is incredibly versatile. For example,

hago mi tarea
means
I do my homework,
and
hago una tarta
means
I make a cake.
Its meaning often depends on the context.

Cultural Context

These basic verb conjugations and expressions like hay are the backbone of everyday Spanish conversation across all Spanish-speaking countries. While pronunciation and some vocabulary might vary regionally, the fundamental structures of -ar, -er, and -ir verbs, the irregularity of yo hago, and the unchanging nature of hay remain consistent. Whether you're in Spain, Mexico, or Argentina, mastering these patterns will allow you to communicate effectively, from ordering food to asking about local attractions.
These are truly universal building blocks for your A1 Spanish journey!

주요 예문 (8)

1

Yo hablo un poco de español.

저는 스페인어를 조금 말해요.

현재 시제 -AR 동사: 말하다 (Hablar)
2

¿Tú hablas inglés?

너 영어 하니?

현재 시제 -AR 동사: 말하다 (Hablar)
3

Yo como una hamburguesa ahora.

저는 지금 햄버거를 먹어요.

스페인어 -ER 동사: 'Comer'(먹다) 사용법
4

¿Comes carne o eres vegetariano?

고기 드세요, 아니면 채식주의자세요?

스페인어 -ER 동사: 'Comer'(먹다) 사용법
5

Yo vivo en un apartamento pequeño en el centro.

저는 시내의 작은 아파트에 살아요.

스페인어 IR 동사: 'Vivir'(살다) 사용법
6

¿Dónde vives tú ahora?

너는 지금 어디 살아?

스페인어 IR 동사: 'Vivir'(살다) 사용법
7

Yo `hago` mi cama todos los días.

나는 매일 내 침대를 정리해요.

내가 하다 / 만들다 (Yo hago)
8

`Hago` una story para Instagram ahora.

지금 인스타그램 스토리를 만들어요.

내가 하다 / 만들다 (Yo hago)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

'A' 규칙

-ar 동사는 'A'를 정말 좋아해요! 'Yo' 형태 빼고는 거의 모든 꼬리에 'A'가 들어가요. '너는 말한다'는 Hablas처럼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 현재 시제 -AR 동사: 말하다 (Hablar)
💡

'Yo'와 'O'의 마법!

내가 뭘 한다고 말할 때는 거의 항상 동사 끝이 'o'로 끝나요. 다른 동사들도 마찬가지예요! Yo como.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 -ER 동사: 'Comer'(먹다) 사용법
🎯

'나' (우리) 규칙

동사가 -ir로 끝나면, '우리' (nosotros) 형태는 항상 'i'가 들어가요. Nosotros vivimos. -er 동사처럼 'vivemos'라고 헷갈리지 마세요!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 IR 동사: 'Vivir'(살다) 사용법
🎯

'Go' 친구들 기억하기

'Hago'를 'Pongo'(나는 놓는다)나 'Salgo'(나는 나간다)처럼 'go'로 끝나는 다른 불규칙 동사들과 함께 외우면 좋아요. 다들 비슷한 불규칙 DNA를 가지고 있거든요! Yo hago (나는 한다)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 내가 하다 / 만들다 (Yo hago)

핵심 어휘 (5)

hablar to speak comer to eat vivir to live hacer to do / to make hay there is / there are

Real-World Preview

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Meeting a New Neighbor

Review Summary

  • Root + o, as, a, amos, an
  • Root + o, es, e, emos, en
  • Root + o, es, e, imos, en
  • Yo hago + regular forms
  • Hay + noun

자주 하는 실수

You don't need the subject pronoun when the verb ending is clear. Just use the verb!

Wrong: Yo hablo tú
정답: Yo hablo

Ensure you conjugate 'hacer' correctly for each person; only 'yo' is 'hago'.

Wrong: Yo hago la cena, tú haces la cena
정답: Yo hago la cena, tú haces la cena (Correct, but avoid repetition)

Beginners often try to change 'hay' to 'hayan' for plurals, but 'hay' stays the same!

Wrong: Hay muchos libros en la mesa
정답: Hay muchos libros en la mesa (Correct usage)

Next Steps

You have taken a huge step forward today. Keep practicing these verbs, and you'll be speaking Spanish fluently in no time!

Write a journal entry about your day.

Continue to: Identity, Location, and Being

빠른 연습 (10)

"우리는 먹는다"에 맞는 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the grammatically correct sentence for 'We eat':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nosotros comemos.
'nosotros'의 올바른 현재 시제 형태는 'comemos'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 -ER 동사: 'Comer'(먹다) 사용법

틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

¿Dónde vives usted?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¿Dónde vive usted?
격식 있는 'usted'는 3인칭 단수 어미인 -e를 사용하고, -es를 사용하지 않아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 IR 동사: 'Vivir'(살다) 사용법

빈칸에 'hacer'의 올바른 형태를 채워 넣으세요.

Yo ___ (hacer) yoga todos los lunes.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hago
'hacer'의 'yo' 형태는 불규칙하고 -go로 끝나요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 내가 하다 / 만들다 (Yo hago)

'hablar'의 올바른 형태로 빈칸을 채우세요.

Yo ___ español en casa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hablo
'Yo' (나)의 '-ar' 동사 꼬리는 항상 '-o'예요. 그래서 'hablar'는 'hablo'가 됩니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 현재 시제 -AR 동사: 말하다 (Hablar)

'comer'의 올바른 형태로 빈칸을 채우세요.

Yo ___ una ensalada.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: como
'yo'(나)의 규칙적인 -er 동사 어미는 '-o'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 -ER 동사: 'Comer'(먹다) 사용법

빈칸에 알맞은 형태를 채워 넣으세요.

En la mesa ___ una manzana.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hay
'사과 하나'처럼 불특정한 물건의 존재를 말할 때는 'hay'를 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜이/가 있다 (Hay)

날씨에 대한 올바른 문장은 무엇인가요?

Choose the right way to say 'It is cold':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hace frío.
스페인어는 날씨 표현에 3인칭 단수 'hacer'를 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 내가 하다 / 만들다 (Yo hago)

틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ellos come tacos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ellos comen tacos.
주어 'ellos'(그들)는 복수 어미 '-en'을 필요로 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 -ER 동사: 'Comer'(먹다) 사용법

올바른 문장을 고르세요.

'사람이 많아요'를 올바르게 말하는 방법을 고르세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hay muchas personas.
'Hay'는 많은 사람에 대해 말할 때도 복수형으로 변하지 않아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜이/가 있다 (Hay)

빈칸에 'vivir'의 올바른 형태를 채우세요.

Yo ___ en la Ciudad de México.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vivo
'Yo'의 경우, -ir를 빼고 -o를 붙여요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스페인어 IR 동사: 'Vivir'(살다) 사용법

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

이것은 동사의 원형이에요. 영어의 'to speak'처럼, 사전에 나오는 기본 형태라고 생각하면 돼요. 이 형태를 가지고 주어에 맞춰 바꿔주는 거죠.
네, 그럼요! 'hablo' 뒤에 언어 이름만 붙이면 돼요. 예를 들어, '저는 일본어를 말해요'는 hablo japonés 또는 '저는 독일어를 말해요'는 hablo alemán처럼요.
스페인어는 동사 어미 '-er' 전체를 없애고 어미를 붙여요. 그래서 'com-'에 'o'를 붙여 'como'가 되는 거예요. 말이 더 부드럽게 들리죠!
아니요, 사실 안 쓰는 게 더 자연스러워요! 동사 어미 '-o'만 봐도 '나'에 대해 이야기한다는 걸 알 수 있거든요. Como pizza.
네, 현재 시제에서는 완전히 규칙 동사예요. 다른 -ir 동사와 똑같은 규칙을 따르니 걱정 마세요.
'Yo vivo en...' 뒤에 도시나 나라 이름을 붙이면 돼요. 예를 들어,
Vivo en Nueva York.
이전 챕터
Refining Your Descriptions
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Identity, Location, and Being
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