A1 · 初級 チャプター 12

The Building Blocks of Action

5 トータルルール
50 例文
7 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your ability to describe daily actions and surroundings by mastering essential Spanish verb conjugations.

  • Conjugate regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs to describe actions.
  • Manage irregular forms like 'hago' for versatile daily communication.
  • Utilize 'hay' to identify people and objects in your environment.
Master the verbs that bring Spanish to life!

学べること

Hey there! Ready to truly bring your Spanish to life? This chapter is your launchpad! We're diving into verbs, the very heart of any language. Don't worry, we're starting with the most basic and common ones: verbs ending in -ar, like hablar (to speak). Mastering these endings will unlock the door to countless Spanish conversations, allowing you to talk about the actions you perform every day. Next, we'll tackle -er verbs like comer (to eat) and -ir verbs like vivir (to live). You'll notice how similar they are! By learning these, you'll instantly get a handle on a whole group of other verbs. Imagine, you'll be able to say I eat or you live. How cool is that? You'll be able to talk about your favorite food or where you call home. Then comes a super important verb: hacer (to do/to make). It has a tiny trick – only the I form (yo) changes to hago, but the rest is regular and easy! This verb is incredibly versatile; you can use it for everything from

What are you doing?
to "I'm making dinner." Finally, we'll meet hay, which means there is or there are. It's incredibly simple and useful. You can use it to point out things like "There's a book over there or There are several students here." The best part? It never changes, whether you're talking about one thing or many! By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to talk about your daily actions, express what you eat or where you live, and even point out things around you. You’ll unlock so many ways to express yourself. Ready for this exciting adventure? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate regular verbs in the present tense to discuss daily routines.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to
The Building Blocks of Action,
your essential guide to mastering Spanish verbs at the A1 CEFR level! This chapter is designed to give you a solid foundation in Spanish grammar, specifically focusing on the present tense. Verbs are the engine of any language, allowing you to express actions, states of being, and what’s happening around you.
By the end of this journey, you'll feel confident talking about your daily routine, what you eat, where you live, and even pointing out things in your surroundings. This is a crucial step in your Spanish learning adventure, unlocking countless possibilities for real-world communication.
We’re going to tackle some of the most common and fundamental verbs, starting with the regular patterns that will make learning new verbs much easier. Understanding these basic structures is key to progressing in Spanish conversation. You’ll learn how to conjugate verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir, which cover a vast majority of Spanish verbs.
We’ll also introduce two super useful verbs: hacer (to do/to make) and hay (there is/there are), which are indispensable for everyday communication.
Don't worry if it seems like a lot! We break everything down into easy-to-understand chunks, packed with examples. This guide is crafted to be engaging and practical, ensuring you can immediately apply what you learn.
Get ready to transform your ability to express yourself and truly bring your A1 Spanish to life. Let's dive into the exciting world of Spanish verbs!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the core mechanics of Spanish verbs, starting with the regular patterns and then moving to a couple of essential irregular ones. Mastering these will significantly boost your Spanish grammar A1 skills.
Present Tense -AR Verbs: Speaking (Hablar)
Most Spanish verbs end in -ar, -er, or -ir. For -ar verbs, like hablar (to speak), we remove the -ar ending and add specific new endings based on who is performing the action.
* yo hablo (I speak)
* tú hablas (you [informal] speak)
* él/ella/usted habla (he/she/you [formal] speaks)
* nosotros/as hablamos (we speak)
* vosotros/as habláis (you [plural, informal in Spain] speak)
* ellos/ellas/ustedes hablan (they/you [plural, formal] speak)
This pattern is consistent for thousands of -ar verbs! For example, trabajar (to work) becomes yo trabajo, tú trabajas, etc.
Spanish -ER Verbs: How to use 'Comer' (to eat)
-ER verbs follow a very similar pattern to -ar verbs. We remove the -er ending and add new endings. Let's use comer (to eat):
* yo como (I eat)
* tú comes (you [informal] eat)
* él/ella/usted come (he/she/you [formal] eats)
* nosotros/as comemos (we eat)
* vosotros/as coméis (you [plural, informal in Spain] eat)
* ellos/ellas/ustedes comen (they/you [plural, formal] eat)
Notice the similarities? The endings start with 'o', then 'es/e', 'emos/éis', 'en'.
Spanish IR Verbs: How to Use 'Vivir' (to live)
-IR verbs are almost identical to -er verbs in their conjugation, with just a slight difference in the nosotros/vosotros forms. Let’s look at vivir (to live):
* yo vivo (I live)
* tú vives (you [informal] live)
* él/ella/usted vive (he/she/you [formal] lives)
* nosotros/as vivimos (we live)
* vosotros/as vivís (you [plural, informal in Spain] live)
* ellos/ellas/ustedes viven (they/you [plural, formal] live)
The main difference is the 'i' in vivimos and vivís compared to the 'e' in comemos and coméis.
I do / I make (Yo hago)
The verb hacer (to do/to make) is incredibly common and useful, but it has one small irregularity in the yo form.
* yo hago (I do/make) – *This is the irregular part!*
* tú haces (you do/make)
* él/ella/usted hace (he/she/you does/makes)
* nosotros/as hacemos (we do/make)
* vosotros/as hacéis (you do/make)
* ellos/ellas/ustedes hacen (they/you do/make)
After the yo form, it follows the regular -er verb pattern. You'll use this verb constantly!
There is / There are (Hay)
Finally, hay is a unique and wonderfully simple verb that means there is or there are. The best part? It never changes! Whether you're talking about one thing or many, it's always hay.
* Hay un libro. (There is a book.)
* Hay dos estudiantes. (There are two students.)
* Hay mucha gente. (There are many people.)
This verb is essential for describing existence and locations.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Yo hablo español, tú hablar español.
✓ Correct:
Yo hablo español, tú hablas español.
(I speak Spanish, you speak Spanish.)
*Explanation:* You need to conjugate the verb hablar for each subject pronoun. Just adding the infinitive after «tú» is a common error for beginners. Remember to change the ending!
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Yo hace mi tarea.
✓ Correct:
Yo hago mi tarea.
(I do my homework.)
*Explanation:* The yo form of hacer is irregular. It's hago, not hace. This is a crucial irregularity to memorize early on.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Son muchos libros en la mesa.
✓ Correct:
Hay muchos libros en la mesa.
(There are many books on the table.)
*Explanation:* While ser (to be) is used for descriptions, hay is specifically used to express existence or presence (
there is/there are
). Do not confuse it with ser or estar.

Real Conversations

A

A

¿Qué haces tú en la tarde? (What do you do in the afternoon?)
B

B

Yo como fruta y luego hablo con mis amigos. (I eat fruit and then I talk with my friends.)
A

A

¿Dónde vives? (Where do you live?)
B

B

Yo vivo en Madrid. Hay muchos parques bonitos aquí. (I live in Madrid. There are many beautiful parks here.)
A

A

Nosotros trabajamos mucho. (We work a lot.)
B

B

Sí, ustedes hacen un buen trabajo. (Yes, you all do a good job.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Why are there so many verb endings in Spanish grammar A1?

Spanish verbs change their endings to tell you who is performing the action (I, you, he/she, we, they) without always needing the subject pronoun. This makes sentences more concise!

Q

Is hay always singular, even if it means there are?

Yes, hay is always used in its singular form, regardless of whether it refers to one item or multiple items. It's one of the easiest Spanish verbs to use!

Q

How do I know if a new verb is -AR, -ER, or -IR?

When you learn new Spanish vocabulary, pay attention to the verb's infinitive ending. Most dictionaries will list the infinitive form, which clearly shows if it's an -ar, -er, or -ir verb.

Q

Can hacer really mean both to do and to make?

Absolutely! Hacer is incredibly versatile. For example,

hago mi tarea
means
I do my homework,
and
hago una tarta
means
I make a cake.
Its meaning often depends on the context.

Cultural Context

These basic verb conjugations and expressions like hay are the backbone of everyday Spanish conversation across all Spanish-speaking countries. While pronunciation and some vocabulary might vary regionally, the fundamental structures of -ar, -er, and -ir verbs, the irregularity of yo hago, and the unchanging nature of hay remain consistent. Whether you're in Spain, Mexico, or Argentina, mastering these patterns will allow you to communicate effectively, from ordering food to asking about local attractions.
These are truly universal building blocks for your A1 Spanish journey!

重要な例文 (8)

1

Yo hablo un poco de español.

私は少しスペイン語を話します。

現在形 -AR動詞：話す (Hablar)
2

¿Tú hablas inglés?

英語を話しますか？

現在形 -AR動詞：話す (Hablar)
3

Yo como una hamburguesa ahora.

私は今ハンバーガーを食べています。

スペイン語-ER動詞：「Comer」（食べる）の使い方
4

¿Comes carne o eres vegetariano?

あなたはお肉を食べますか、それともベジタリアンですか？

スペイン語-ER動詞：「Comer」（食べる）の使い方
5

Yo vivo en un apartamento pequeño en el centro.

私は中心街の小さなアパートに住んでいます。

スペイン語のIR動詞：'Vivir'（住む・生きる）の使い方
6

¿Dónde vives tú ahora?

今、どこに住んでいるの？

スペイン語のIR動詞：'Vivir'（住む・生きる）の使い方
7

Yo `hago` mi cama todos los días.

私は毎日ベッドを整えます。

「する／作る」の1人称 (Yo hago)
8

`Hago` una story para Instagram ahora.

今、インスタグラムのストーリーを作っています。

「する／作る」の1人称 (Yo hago)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

「A」のルール

「-ar」動詞は「A」の文字が大好きです。「Yo」の形以外は、ほとんどすべての語尾に「A」が入っていますよ！「Nosotros hablamos.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在形 -AR動詞：話す (Hablar)
💡

「Yo」は「o」で終わるルール

「私（yo）」が主語のときは、どんな動詞でも語尾は「o」になることが多いです。これは共通のルールで、とっても便利！「私は食べる」は Yo como.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語-ER動詞：「Comer」（食べる）の使い方
🎯

「私たち」の「i」ルール

動詞が -ir で終わるなら、「私たち」の形には必ず「i」が入ります。「-er」動詞につられて「vivemos」と言わないように注意してくださいね！例えば、「私たちは住んでいます」は Nosotros vivimos. です。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語のIR動詞：'Vivir'（住む・生きる）の使い方
🎯

「-go」の仲間たち

他の動詞でも「Yo-Go」の仲間がいます。「私は置く」なら「Pongo」、「私は出発する」なら「Salgo」みたいに、みんな「-go」で終わるんですよ！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「する／作る」の1人称 (Yo hago)

重要な語彙 (5)

hablar to speak comer to eat vivir to live hacer to do / to make hay there is / there are

Real-World Preview

users

Meeting a New Neighbor

Review Summary

  • Root + o, as, a, amos, an
  • Root + o, es, e, emos, en
  • Root + o, es, e, imos, en
  • Yo hago + regular forms
  • Hay + noun

よくある間違い

You don't need the subject pronoun when the verb ending is clear. Just use the verb!

Wrong: Yo hablo tú
正解: Yo hablo

Ensure you conjugate 'hacer' correctly for each person; only 'yo' is 'hago'.

Wrong: Yo hago la cena, tú haces la cena
正解: Yo hago la cena, tú haces la cena (Correct, but avoid repetition)

Beginners often try to change 'hay' to 'hayan' for plurals, but 'hay' stays the same!

Wrong: Hay muchos libros en la mesa
正解: Hay muchos libros en la mesa (Correct usage)

Next Steps

You have taken a huge step forward today. Keep practicing these verbs, and you'll be speaking Spanish fluently in no time!

Write a journal entry about your day.

Continue to: Identity, Location, and Being

クイック練習 (10)

「私たちは住んでいます」に正しい文を選びましょう

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nosotros vivimos en España.
規則的な -ir 動詞は、「nosotros」の形で語尾に -imos を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語のIR動詞：'Vivir'（住む・生きる）の使い方

正しい形を埋めましょう。

En la mesa ___ una manzana.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hay
「un apple」のような不特定な物の存在を言う時に「hay」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜がある / 〜がいる (Hay)

間違いを見つけて直しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

¿Tú habla inglés?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¿Tú hablas inglés?
親しい「tú」の形には「-as」の語尾が必要です。「habla」は彼/彼女/丁寧な「あなた」の形です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在形 -AR動詞：話す (Hablar)

正しい文を選んでください。

「私たちは食べる」の正しい文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nosotros comemos.
「comemos」は「私たち（nosotros）」の正しい現在形です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語-ER動詞：「Comer」（食べる）の使い方

正しい文を選びましょう。

「人がたくさんいる」という正しい言い方を選びましょう。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hay muchas personas.
「hay」は、たとえ多くの人について話す時でも、決して複数形にはなりません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜がある / 〜がいる (Hay)

天気について正しい文を選びましょう。

「寒い」の正しい言い方を選びましょう：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hace frío.
スペイン語では、天気表現に三人称単数の「hacer」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「する／作る」の1人称 (Yo hago)

正しい「hablar」の形を埋めましょう。

Yo ___ español en casa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hablo
「yo」（私）の場合、「-ar」動詞の語尾は常に「-o」です。だから「hablar」は「hablo」になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在形 -AR動詞：話す (Hablar)

間違いを見つけて直しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

¿Hay el baño aquí?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are better than the original.
「el」のような定冠詞と一緒に「hay」を使うことはできません。場所を言うなら「estar」を、存在を言うなら「un」を使いましょう。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜がある / 〜がいる (Hay)

間違いを見つけて直しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Nosotros hago una fiesta este sábado.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nosotros hacemos una fiesta este sábado.
「yo」の形だけが不規則（hago）です。「nosotros」は規則的な-er動詞のパターンに従い、「hacemos」となります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「する／作る」の1人称 (Yo hago)

「hacer」の正しい活用形を埋めましょう。

Yo ___ (hacer) yoga todos los lunes.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hago
「hacer」の「yo」の形は不規則で、「-go」で終わります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「する／作る」の1人称 (Yo hago)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

これは英語の「to speak」のような動詞の元の形です。辞書に載っている形ですね。
はい、使えます！「hablo」の後に言語の名前を言うだけです。例えば「hablo japonés」や「hablo alemán」です。
スペイン語では、語尾をつける前に動詞の「-er」を完全に取ってしまいます。だから「com-」に「o」をつけて「como」になります。こうすると、言葉がスムーズに聞こえるんですよ。
いいえ、むしろ使わない方が自然です！語尾の「-o」だけで、自分が話していることが相手に伝わります。「私は食べる」は Como. だけでOKです。
はい、現在形では完全に規則動詞です。-ir動詞の標準的なパターンに従い、特別な変化はありません。
「Yo vivo en...」の後に都市名や国名を続けます。例えば、「私はニューヨークに住んでいます」は
Vivo en Nueva York.
です。
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