averiado 30초 만에
- Averiado: Broken down, out of order. Used for machines, vehicles, electronics.
- Grammar: Agrees in gender and number (averiado/a/os/as).
- Common with 'estar': 'El coche está averiado.'
- Key use: Reporting malfunctions and problems.
- Meaning
- The Spanish adjective 'averiado' describes something that is not working correctly due to damage or a malfunction. It implies that a mechanical or electronic device, or even a system, has broken down and is therefore out of order. You can use it for a wide range of things, from a car to a washing machine, or even a computer.
- Usage
- When something stops functioning as it should, 'averiado' is the go-to adjective. It's commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing problems with appliances, vehicles, or any other machinery. For instance, if your phone suddenly stops working, you might say it's 'averiado'. Similarly, if a public service like a train or bus is delayed or cancelled due to technical issues, it would be described as 'averiado'. The word conveys a sense of being out of commission, needing repair, or simply not performing its intended function. It's a very practical word for describing common everyday inconveniences. The degree of damage isn't specified by the word itself; it could be a minor glitch or a severe breakdown, but the core meaning is that it's not working properly. Think of it as the Spanish equivalent of 'broken down', 'out of order', or 'damaged' when referring to functionality.
Mi coche está averiado y no puedo ir al trabajo hoy.
El ordenador de la oficina está averiado.
- Synonym Context
- While 'averiado' is very common, you might also hear 'estropeado' which often implies a more permanent or significant damage, or 'roto' which simply means 'broken'. 'Fuera de servicio' is a more formal phrase for 'out of service', often used for public utilities or machines.
La lavadora está averiada, tengo que llamar al técnico.
- Basic Structure
- The adjective 'averiado' needs to agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. If the noun is masculine singular, it's 'averiado'. If it's feminine singular, it's 'averiada'. For masculine plural, it's 'averiados', and for feminine plural, it's 'averiadas'. It typically follows the noun or a linking verb like 'estar' (to be) or 'ser' (to be).
El coche está averiado.
- With 'Estar'
- The most common way to use 'averiado' is with the verb 'estar' (to be), indicating a temporary state of malfunction. This emphasizes that the item is currently not working but might be fixed.
La impresora está averiada y no podemos imprimir documentos.
- With Plural Nouns
- When referring to multiple items that are broken, remember to use the plural form of 'averiado'.
Los teléfonos móviles de la tienda están averiados.
Las luces del escenario estaban averiadas.
- Describing a State
- 'Averiado' can be used to describe the state of something that has stopped functioning. It's a common way to report a problem.
El aire acondicionado de mi habitación está averiado.
- Everyday Conversations
- You will hear 'averiado' frequently in casual conversations among Spanish speakers when discussing household appliances, cars, electronics, or any other item that has stopped working. For example, someone might say, 'Mi teléfono móvil está averiado y no puedo hacer llamadas.' (My mobile phone is broken down and I can't make calls.) or 'La nevera está averiada, tenemos que comprar una nueva.' (The refrigerator is broken down, we have to buy a new one.) It's a fundamental word for describing common inconveniences.
'¡Qué lástima! El coche de Juan está averiado otra vez.'
- Mechanics and Technicians
- Professionals who repair things, like car mechanics or appliance repair technicians, will use this word extensively. When you bring your faulty item to them, they might report, 'Hemos revisado el electrodoméstico y está averiado.' (We have checked the appliance and it is broken down.) or 'El motor del coche está averiado y necesita una reparación costosa.' (The car's engine is broken down and needs an expensive repair.)
'El técnico dijo que la lavadora está averiada y no se puede arreglar.'
- Public Announcements and Signs
- You might see signs or hear announcements indicating that something is out of order. For example, a sign on a vending machine might read 'Máquina averiada' (Machine out of order) or an announcement might state, 'Debido a una avería, la línea de tren está suspendida.' (Due to a breakdown, the train line is suspended.) This usage is common in public spaces and transportation systems.
'Atención, el ascensor está averiado.'
- Gender and Number Agreement
- The most frequent mistake for learners is failing to make 'averiado' agree in gender and number with the noun it describes. Remember: 'averiado' (masculine singular), 'averiada' (feminine singular), 'averiados' (masculine plural), 'averiadas' (feminine plural). For example, saying 'La coche está averiado' is incorrect; it should be 'El coche está averiado'. Similarly, 'Las máquinas está averiado' should be 'Las máquinas están averiadas'.
Incorrecto: La impresora está averiado.
- Using 'Ser' instead of 'Estar'
- 'Averiado' describes a state or condition, which is typically expressed with the verb 'estar'. Using 'ser' implies a more permanent characteristic, which doesn't fit the meaning of something being broken down temporarily. For instance, 'El electrodoméstico es averiado' is incorrect. It should always be 'El electrodoméstico está averiado'.
Incorrecto: Mi ordenador es averiado.
- Confusing with Similar Words
- Learners might confuse 'averiado' with words like 'roto' (broken) or 'estropeado' (damaged/spoiled). While there's overlap, 'averiado' specifically refers to a malfunction or breakdown, often in a mechanical or electronic context. 'Roto' can apply to anything that is physically broken into pieces. 'Estropeado' can also mean spoiled or ruined, not just broken down. For example, you wouldn't say a glass is 'averiado', you'd say it's 'roto'. But a malfunctioning washing machine is 'averiada'.
Incorrecto: La máquina de café está rota.
- Averiado vs. Roto
- 'Averiado' specifically refers to something that is not functioning due to a mechanical or electrical failure. 'Roto' (broken) is more general and can refer to physical breakage. For example, a vase that has fallen and shattered is 'roto', but a car engine that has stopped working is 'averiado'. A computer that doesn't turn on is 'averiado', while a screen that has a crack is 'rota'.
El plato está roto.
El coche está averiado.
- Averiado vs. Estropeado
- 'Estropeado' often implies damage that has spoiled or ruined something, sometimes beyond simple repair, or it can mean damaged in a way that affects its appearance or functionality. It can be used for both objects and people (in a figurative sense, like 'my day is ruined'). 'Averiado' is more specific to a functional breakdown of a device or machine. For example, food that has gone bad is 'estropeada', but a malfunctioning vending machine is 'averiada'.
La fruta está estropeada.
El reloj está averiado.
- Averiado vs. Fuera de Servicio
- 'Fuera de servicio' is a more formal phrase meaning 'out of service' or 'out of order'. It's often used in official notices, for public transportation, or for larger systems. 'Averiado' is more common in everyday, informal conversation. For example, a sign on a bus might say 'Fuera de servicio' (Out of service), while you might tell a friend your car is 'averiado'.
La máquina expendedora está fuera de servicio.
El ascensor está averiado.
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
While the direct Latin root might be debated, the concept of something being 'averiado' is universally understood across many cultures as a common problem in daily life. The word itself is very practical and directly describes a state of malfunction.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing the 'v' as a hard 'b' sound.
- Making the 'r' sound too strong (like a rolled 'rr').
- Not softening the 'd' sound between vowels.
- Incorrect stress placement.
난이도
The word 'averiado' is straightforward in meaning. Understanding its agreement with gender and number, and its common usage with 'estar', makes it relatively easy to comprehend in written texts, especially in contexts involving everyday objects and problems.
Applying the correct gender and number agreement can be a minor challenge for learners, but the core meaning is simple to write. Using it correctly in sentences is generally not difficult.
Pronunciation is not overly complex. The main challenge in speaking is remembering the correct form of the adjective (averiado/a/os/as) and using it with 'estar' naturally.
The word is common and its pronunciation is distinct enough to be recognized easily in spoken Spanish, especially when discussing common problems.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Agreement of Adjectives
'Averiado' must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. For example, 'el coche averiado' (masculine singular), 'la lavadora averiada' (feminine singular), 'los ordenadores averiados' (masculine plural), 'las luces averiadas' (feminine plural).
Use of 'Estar' vs. 'Ser'
'Averiado' describes a state or condition, so it is used with 'estar'. 'El teléfono está averiado' (The phone is broken down). Using 'ser' (e.g., 'El teléfono es averiado') would be incorrect as it implies a permanent characteristic.
Pluralization of Nouns and Adjectives
When referring to multiple items that are broken, both the noun and the adjective need to be plural. For example, 'Los coches están averiados', not 'Los coches está averiado' or 'Los coches están averiado'.
Articles (Definite and Indefinite)
The correct article must precede the noun. 'Un coche averiado' (A broken-down car), 'El coche averiado' (The broken-down car).
Verb Conjugation (for 'tener' and 'sufrir')
When using phrases like 'tener una avería' or 'sufrir una avería', the verb must be conjugated according to the subject. For example, 'Yo tengo una avería', 'Él sufrió una avería'.
수준별 예문
Mi juguete está averiado.
My toy is broken.
Simple sentence structure with 'estar' + adjective.
La luz está averiada.
The light is broken.
Feminine singular agreement for 'luz' and 'averiada'.
El coche no va, está averiado.
The car doesn't go, it's broken down.
Using 'estar averiado' to describe a state.
La radio está averiada.
The radio is out of order.
Common household item described as broken.
Mi teléfono está averiado.
My phone is broken down.
Modern technology can also be 'averiado'.
La puerta está averiada.
The door is broken.
Physical objects can also malfunction.
El grifo está averiado.
The faucet is broken.
Everyday objects in the home.
El ventilador está averiado.
The fan is broken.
Appliance that typically provides comfort.
Mi ordenador está averiado y no puedo trabajar.
My computer is broken down and I cannot work.
Compound sentence connecting the state of being broken with its consequence.
La lavadora está averiada, tendremos que ir a la lavandería.
The washing machine is out of order, we will have to go to the laundromat.
Using 'averiada' to explain a change in plans.
El coche del vecino está averiado en la calle.
The neighbor's car is broken down in the street.
Describing a situation observed in the neighborhood.
El aire acondicionado de la oficina está averiado.
The office air conditioning is broken down.
Common workplace issue.
Las luces del pasillo están averiadas.
The hallway lights are out of order.
Feminine plural agreement for 'luces' and 'averiadas'.
Hemos llamado al técnico porque el frigorífico está averiado.
We have called the technician because the refrigerator is broken down.
Explaining the reason for calling a repair person.
El sistema de calefacción está averiado.
The heating system is broken down.
Describing a malfunction in a building's essential system.
La pantalla de la televisión está averiada.
The television screen is broken.
Describing damage to a specific part of an appliance.
El ascensor del edificio está averiado, así que tendremos que usar las escaleras.
The building's elevator is out of order, so we will have to use the stairs.
Using 'averiado' to justify an alternative action.
El coche de mi amigo está averiado y no puede venir a la fiesta.
My friend's car is broken down and he cannot come to the party.
Explaining a social inconvenience caused by a breakdown.
Intenté usar la máquina expendedora, pero estaba averiada.
I tried to use the vending machine, but it was out of order.
Describing a failed attempt due to a malfunction.
El sistema de riego del jardín está averiado y las plantas se están secando.
The garden's irrigation system is broken down and the plants are drying out.
Consequences of a broken system on other elements.
La conexión a internet está averiada otra vez.
The internet connection is broken down again.
Common issue with modern infrastructure.
Me dijeron que el tren de las 10:00 está averiado y saldrá con retraso.
They told me that the 10:00 train is broken down and will depart late.
Information regarding public transportation delays.
El equipo de sonido de la sala de conferencias está averiado.
The sound system in the conference room is out of order.
Describing a problem in a professional setting.
Lamentablemente, el servidor principal está averiado y el servicio se verá afectado.
Unfortunately, the main server is broken down and the service will be affected.
Formal language for technical issues affecting services.
El coche de alquiler estaba averiado al recogerlo, lo cual nos causó un gran inconveniente.
The rental car was broken down when we picked it up, which caused us a great inconvenience.
Expressing frustration and consequence related to a breakdown.
La página web de la aerolínea está averiada, y no puedo reservar mis vuelos.
The airline's website is out of order, and I cannot book my flights.
Describing an issue preventing an online transaction.
El sistema de frenos del autobús escolar está averiado, por lo que no puede circular.
The school bus's braking system is broken down, so it cannot operate.
Specific technical part failure leading to the inability to function.
Debido a que el generador principal está averiado, tendremos que depender de la red eléctrica local.
Because the main generator is broken down, we will have to rely on the local power grid.
Explaining a reliance on an alternative due to a breakdown.
El motor de la bomba de agua está averiado, lo que ha provocado una inundación en el sótano.
The water pump motor is broken down, which has caused a flood in the basement.
Cause and effect relationship between a breakdown and its severe consequences.
Han informado que el sistema de climatización del centro comercial está averiado, y las temperaturas son insoportables.
They have reported that the shopping mall's air conditioning system is broken down, and the temperatures are unbearable.
Describing a widespread discomfort caused by a system failure.
El sistema de navegación del avión estaba averiado, lo que obligó a un aterrizaje de emergencia.
The plane's navigation system was broken down, which forced an emergency landing.
Critical system failure leading to a dangerous situation.
La central telefónica está averiada, por lo que las llamadas no están funcionando correctamente.
The telephone exchange is broken down, so calls are not working correctly.
Describing a failure in a large-scale infrastructure.
A pesar de las reparaciones, el motor del vehículo industrial sigue averiado, afectando la cadena de producción.
Despite the repairs, the industrial vehicle's engine remains broken down, affecting the production line.
Discussing persistent issues and their impact on operations.
La falla en el sistema de refrigeración de la planta nuclear ha sido clasificada como averiada, requiriendo intervención inmediata.
The failure in the nuclear power plant's cooling system has been classified as broken down, requiring immediate intervention.
Formal and technical language for critical infrastructure failures.
El software de gestión de la flota de autobuses se encuentra averiado, imposibilitando la asignación de rutas y la monitorización en tiempo real.
The bus fleet management software is broken down, making it impossible to assign routes and monitor in real-time.
Describing a software malfunction and its operational consequences.
La red de distribución eléctrica en la región se reporta averiada tras el temporal, provocando cortes generalizados.
The region's electrical distribution network is reported broken down after the storm, causing widespread outages.
Describing large-scale infrastructure failure due to external factors.
Los mecanismos de seguridad del complejo industrial están averiados, lo que genera una preocupación considerable entre los empleados.
The industrial complex's security mechanisms are broken down, which is causing considerable concern among employees.
Discussing the implications of safety system failures.
El sistema de ventilación de la mina está averiado, lo que ha forzado la evacuación preventiva de los trabajadores.
The mine's ventilation system is broken down, which has forced the preventive evacuation of workers.
Describing a critical safety system failure in a hazardous environment.
La plataforma de comercio electrónico se encuentra temporalmente averiada, y se espera que el servicio se restablezca en las próximas horas.
The e-commerce platform is temporarily broken down, and service is expected to be restored in the coming hours.
Formal announcement of a temporary service interruption.
El sistema de control de tráfico aéreo está averiado, lo que ha resultado en retrasos significativos en todos los vuelos.
The air traffic control system is broken down, which has resulted in significant delays for all flights.
Impact of a critical system failure on a complex operation.
La obsolescencia programada es un factor que contribuye a que los dispositivos electrónicos se averíen con mayor frecuencia.
Planned obsolescence is a factor that contributes to electronic devices breaking down more frequently.
Discussing a societal/economic factor leading to breakdowns.
El diagnóstico de la avería en el sistema de propulsión de la nave espacial es complejo, ya que múltiples componentes podrían estar afectados.
The diagnosis of the breakdown in the spacecraft's propulsion system is complex, as multiple components could be affected.
Technical and abstract discussion of complex system failures.
La falta de mantenimiento preventivo ha provocado que el equipamiento de alta tecnología se averíe prematuramente.
The lack of preventive maintenance has caused the high-tech equipment to break down prematurely.
Analyzing the root causes of premature breakdowns.
La resiliencia del sistema informático se pone a prueba cuando sus componentes críticos se averían simultáneamente.
The computer system's resilience is tested when its critical components break down simultaneously.
Evaluating system robustness in the face of multiple failures.
El constante uso y la exposición a condiciones adversas han dejado el vehículo industrial averiado de forma irreparable.
Constant use and exposure to adverse conditions have left the industrial vehicle irreparably broken down.
Describing a state of irreparable damage due to prolonged use.
La interrupción de los servicios de telecomunicaciones se debió a que la infraestructura principal de la red se averió durante la tormenta geomagnética.
The interruption of telecommunications services was due to the main network infrastructure breaking down during the geomagnetic storm.
Explaining a complex cause-and-effect scenario involving natural phenomena and infrastructure.
El protocolo de emergencia estipula que, si el sistema de soporte vital se avería, se activarán los mecanismos de respaldo.
The emergency protocol stipulates that, if the life support system breaks down, backup mechanisms will be activated.
Discussing contingency plans for critical system failures.
La degradación de los materiales bajo estrés constante es una razón por la cual los componentes de la maquinaria pesada a menudo se averían.
The degradation of materials under constant stress is a reason why heavy machinery components often break down.
Scientific explanation for mechanical failures.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— To be broken down or out of order. This is the most common way to use 'averiado'.
El ascensor está averiado.
— To break something or leave it broken down. It implies causing the malfunction.
El mal uso dejó el electrodoméstico averiado.
— To suffer a breakdown. This is a noun phrase related to 'averiado'.
Nuestro coche sufrió una avería en el peor momento posible.
— To have a breakdown. Similar to 'sufrir una avería', but slightly more common in everyday speech.
Tengo una avería en el ordenador y no puedo conectarme.
— To repair a breakdown. This refers to fixing the problem that caused something to be 'averiado'.
El técnico vino a reparar la avería de la lavadora.
— To cause a breakdown. To make something break down.
No manipules eso, podrías causar una avería.
— Factory defective. Something that was broken from the moment it was manufactured.
Compré una televisión que estaba averiada de fábrica.
— Broken down due to use. Implies wear and tear.
Este viejo teléfono está averiado por el uso.
— Broken down and not working. A redundant but emphatic phrase.
El coche está averiado y no funciona en absoluto.
자주 혼동되는 단어
'Estropeado' can mean damaged or spoiled, and sometimes overlaps with 'averiado' for general damage, but 'averiado' is more specific to a functional breakdown of a device.
'Roto' means physically broken. While a screen can be 'rota' (broken), a malfunctioning screen that doesn't display an image is 'averiado'.
'Dañado' means damaged and is a broader term. Something can be 'dañado' (e.g., scratched) without being 'averiado' (not working).
관용어 및 표현
— To spare no expense; to go all out. This idiom is not directly related to 'averiado' but is a common expression.
Para la boda, tiraron la casa por la ventana.
Informal— To be daydreaming or to be absent-minded. Not related to 'averiado'.
Deja de estar en las nubes y presta atención.
Informal— To cost an arm and a leg. Used to describe something very expensive, which could be the repair of an 'averiado' item.
Reparar el motor averiado me costó un ojo de la cara.
Informal— To be crazy or nuts. Not related to 'averiado'.
¡Esa idea está como una cabra!
Informal— To speak frankly; to say what one thinks without hesitation. Not related to 'averiado'.
Ella no tiene pelos en la lengua y dice las cosas como son.
Informal— To annoy or bother someone. Not directly related to 'averiado', but a broken item can 'dar la lata'.
Ese ruido constante está dando la lata.
Informal— To be exhausted or very tired. Not related to 'averiado'.
Después de la mudanza, estoy hecho polvo.
Informal— To get cracking; to get to work with energy. Not related to 'averiado'.
Si quieres terminar a tiempo, ponte las pilas.
Informal— To break the ice; to start a conversation in a social setting. Not related to 'averiado'.
Sus chistes ayudaron a romper el hielo.
Informal— To be in a bad mood; to be ill-tempered. Not related to 'averiado'.
Hoy tiene mala leche, mejor no le hables.
Informal혼동하기 쉬운
Both 'averiado' and 'estropeado' describe something that is not working correctly or is damaged.
'Averiado' specifically refers to a malfunction or breakdown, typically in a mechanical or electronic device. 'Estropeado' is broader and can mean damaged, spoiled, or ruined, not necessarily implying a technical fault but rather a state of being ruined or damaged.
El coche está averiado (it won't start). La fruta está estropeada (it has gone bad).
Both words indicate that something is not in its normal, functional state.
'Roto' means physically broken, often into pieces. 'Averiado' refers to a malfunction or a breakdown in operation, usually without physical breakage. A glass is 'roto' if it's in pieces; a computer is 'averiado' if it doesn't turn on.
El jarrón está roto (it's in pieces). El ordenador está averiado (it doesn't work).
Both terms describe a state of being impaired or not in perfect condition.
'Dañado' means damaged and can refer to physical harm (scratches, dents) or functional impairment. 'Averiado' is more specific to a functional breakdown or malfunction of a device or system. A car can be 'dañado' from an accident but still run, or it can be 'averiado' (broken down) and not run at all.
El parachoques está dañado (it has a dent). El motor está averiado (it doesn't work).
Both words indicate that something is not working or is out of service.
'Inoperativo' is a more formal term, often used in technical or official contexts, meaning 'non-operational'. 'Averiado' is more common in everyday conversation and specifically implies a breakdown or malfunction. A system might be 'inoperativo' due to scheduled maintenance, whereas it is 'averiado' if it has broken down unexpectedly.
El sistema de pago está inoperativo temporalmente. (The payment system is temporarily non-operational.) El cajero automático está averiado. (The ATM is broken down.)
Both phrases indicate that something is not available for use.
'Fuera de servicio' is a more formal phrase, often used for public services, transportation, or equipment in public spaces, meaning 'out of service'. 'Averiado' is generally used for more specific malfunctions of devices or machines in everyday contexts.
El tren está fuera de servicio por una huelga. (The train is out of service due to a strike.) La lavadora está averiada. (The washing machine is broken down.)
문장 패턴
El/La [noun] está averiado/a.
El televisor está averiado.
Los/Las [plural noun] están averiados/as.
Los teléfonos están averiados.
Mi [noun] está averiado/a y [consequence].
Mi coche está averiado y no puedo ir al trabajo.
Tengo una avería en el/la [noun].
Tengo una avería en el ordenador.
Hemos llamado porque el/la [noun] está averiado/a.
Hemos llamado porque la lavadora está averiada.
El/La [noun] estaba averiado/a cuando...
El coche estaba averiado cuando lo compré.
Debido a que el/la [noun] está averiado/a, [result].
Debido a que el sistema de riego está averiado, las plantas se secan.
El/La [noun] se averió y [consequence].
El motor se averió y tuvimos que parar.
어휘 가족
명사
동사
형용사
관련
사용법
High
-
Forgetting gender/number agreement.
→
El coche está averiado. / La lavadora está averiada.
Learners often use the masculine singular form 'averiado' for all nouns. It's crucial to match the adjective's ending to the noun's gender and number.
-
Using 'ser' instead of 'estar'.
→
Mi ordenador está averiado.
'Averiado' describes a state or condition, which requires the verb 'estar'. Using 'ser' implies a permanent characteristic and would be incorrect.
-
Confusing 'averiado' with 'roto' or 'estropeado'.
→
El motor está averiado. / El vaso está roto.
'Averiado' is for functional breakdown, 'roto' for physical breakage, and 'estropeado' for general damage or spoilage. The context determines the best word.
-
Incorrect pluralization.
→
Los electrodomésticos están averiados.
When referring to multiple broken items, both the noun and the adjective must be plural. Forgetting to pluralize the adjective is a common error.
-
Using 'averiado' for people.
→
La persona está enferma.
'Averiado' is exclusively used for inanimate objects, machines, or systems, not for people. For people, use terms like 'enfermo/a' or 'mal'.
팁
Gender and Number Agreement
Always ensure 'averiado' matches the gender and number of the noun. 'El coche está averiado' (masculine singular), 'La impresora está averiada' (feminine singular), 'Los equipos están averiados' (masculine plural), 'Las máquinas están averiadas' (feminine plural).
Use with 'Estar'
Remember that 'averiado' describes a state or condition, so it is almost always used with the verb 'estar'. 'Mi ordenador está averiado', not 'es averiado'.
Sound Association
Try associating the sound of 'averiado' with a struggling engine or a malfunctioning machine. Imagine the 'a-veeeeee' struggling sound followed by 'riado' indicating it's not ready.
Real-Life Scenarios
Practice describing common household items or vehicles that are broken. Role-play calling a repair service and explaining that your item is 'averiado'.
Everyday Relevance
Understanding 'averiado' is crucial for everyday life in Spanish-speaking countries, as appliance and vehicle breakdowns are common topics of conversation.
Soft 'V' and 'D'
Pay attention to the soft 'v' sound (β) and the softened 'd' sound between vowels in 'averiado'. Practice pronouncing it clearly: a-ve-RIA-do.
Key Phrases
Familiarize yourself with common phrases like 'estar averiado', 'tener una avería', and 'sufrir una avería' for more natural expression.
Averiado vs. Roto
Remember that 'averiado' is for functional breakdown (e.g., a car engine), while 'roto' is for physical breakage (e.g., a shattered vase).
Writing Practice
Write sentences describing things that are broken in your home or workplace, using the correct form of 'averiado'.
암기하기
기억법
Imagine a broken car, 'a-veh-riado' sounds a bit like 'a vehicle, r-i-a-do' (riado sounds like 'road' or 'ready to go' but it's not ready). So, 'a vehicle, not ready for the road' because it's 'averiado'. Or, think of 'average' car trouble - when your average car gets 'averiado', it's a common problem.
시각적 연상
Picture a car with steam coming out of the engine, a flat tire, and a red 'X' over it, signifying it's 'averiado'. Or, imagine a robot that has fallen apart, with wires hanging out, clearly 'averiado'.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to describe three things in your house that are currently working perfectly, and then imagine one of them breaks down and describe it using 'averiado'. This will help you internalize the meaning and usage.
어원
The word 'averiado' comes from the Spanish verb 'averiar', which means to break down or damage. This verb, in turn, likely derives from the Latin word 'advarium', meaning 'help' or 'aid', though its semantic connection to 'breaking down' is not immediately obvious and may have evolved through specific usages or intermediate languages.
원래 의미: The precise original meaning related to 'breaking' is debated, but it's generally understood to have evolved from a concept related to hindering or stopping something's function.
Indo-European, Romance (Spanish)문화적 맥락
There are no particular sensitivities associated with the word 'averiado' itself. It's a neutral descriptive term for a common problem.
In English-speaking cultures, similar terms like 'broken down', 'out of order', 'malfunctioning', or 'defective' are used. The concept of things breaking down is universal.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Talking about car problems.
- Mi coche está averiado.
- El coche se averió en la carretera.
- Necesito llevar el coche al taller porque está averiado.
Describing issues with home appliances.
- La lavadora está averiada.
- El frigorífico se averió.
- El electrodoméstico está averiado.
Reporting problems with electronics.
- Mi ordenador está averiado.
- El teléfono está averiado.
- La televisión está averiada.
Discussing public services or machines.
- El ascensor está averiado.
- La máquina expendedora está averiada.
- El sistema está averiado.
Explaining why something cannot be done.
- No puedo ir porque mi coche está averiado.
- No puedo imprimir porque la impresora está averiada.
대화 시작하기
"¿Alguna vez tu coche se ha averiado en un lugar inesperado?"
"¿Cuál ha sido el electrodoméstico que más veces se te ha averiado?"
"Si tu ordenador se averiara, ¿qué sería lo primero que intentarías hacer?"
"¿Qué haces cuando te encuentras con una máquina averiada en un lugar público?"
"¿Prefieres arreglar las cosas tú mismo cuando se averían o llamar a un profesional?"
일기 주제
Describe una vez que un objeto importante se te averió y cómo afectó tu día o tus planes.
Imagina que trabajas en un servicio de reparaciones. Escribe un diálogo con un cliente que llama porque su lavadora está averiada.
Piensa en un dispositivo electrónico que usas a diario. ¿Qué pasaría si se averiara de repente? Describe las consecuencias.
Escribe una historia corta donde el personaje principal necesita usar algo que está averiado para lograr su objetivo.
Reflexiona sobre la importancia de tener cosas que funcionan correctamente en tu vida y cómo te sientes cuando algo se avería.
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문The most common translations for 'averiado' are 'broken down', 'out of order', or 'malfunctioning'. It specifically applies to devices, machines, or vehicles that have stopped working correctly due to a fault or damage.
Yes, 'averiado' is an adjective and must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes. So, you'll use 'averiado' for masculine singular nouns (el coche averiado), 'averiada' for feminine singular nouns (la máquina averiada), 'averiados' for masculine plural nouns (los ordenadores averiados), and 'averiadas' for feminine plural nouns (las luces averiadas).
You should use 'estar averiado' to describe the current state of a device or machine that is broken down or not working. 'Estar' is used because it indicates a temporary condition or state. For example, 'Mi teléfono está averiado' means 'My phone is broken down' (right now).
Generally, 'averiado' is not used for people. For people, you would use terms like 'enfermo' (sick), 'cansado' (tired), or 'mal' (unwell). While figuratively something might be 'broken' in a psychological sense, 'averiado' is reserved for non-living objects and systems.
While both mean something is not working, 'averiado' specifically refers to a malfunction or breakdown, usually in a mechanical or electronic sense. 'Roto' means physically broken, often into pieces. For example, a car is 'averiado' when it won't start, but a plate is 'roto' if it falls and shatters.
'Averiado' is a neutral term and can be used in most contexts, from informal conversations to slightly more formal descriptions of technical issues. For very formal or official announcements, you might see 'fuera de servicio' (out of service) or 'inoperativo' (inoperative).
'Sufrir una avería' means 'to suffer a breakdown' or 'to experience a malfunction'. It uses the noun 'avería' (breakdown) and the verb 'sufrir' (to suffer). For example, 'Nuestro coche sufrió una avería en el viaje.' (Our car suffered a breakdown on the trip.)
Yes, 'averiado' can be used for software or computer systems that are malfunctioning or not working correctly. For instance, 'El software de gestión está averiado' (The management software is broken down).
Opposites of 'averiado' include 'en perfecto estado' (in perfect condition), 'funcional' (functional), 'operativo' (operational), and 'arreglado' (fixed/repaired).
You would say 'Mi lavadora está averiada'. Remember that 'lavadora' is feminine singular, so the adjective 'averiada' also takes the feminine singular form.
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Summary
The Spanish adjective 'averiado' is essential for describing anything mechanical or electronic that has stopped working properly. It means 'broken down' or 'out of order'. Remember to match its gender and number with the noun it modifies (averiado, averiada, averiados, averiadas) and typically use it with the verb 'estar'. For example, 'Mi teléfono está averiado' (My phone is broken down).
- Averiado: Broken down, out of order. Used for machines, vehicles, electronics.
- Grammar: Agrees in gender and number (averiado/a/os/as).
- Common with 'estar': 'El coche está averiado.'
- Key use: Reporting malfunctions and problems.
Gender and Number Agreement
Always ensure 'averiado' matches the gender and number of the noun. 'El coche está averiado' (masculine singular), 'La impresora está averiada' (feminine singular), 'Los equipos están averiados' (masculine plural), 'Las máquinas están averiadas' (feminine plural).
Use with 'Estar'
Remember that 'averiado' describes a state or condition, so it is almost always used with the verb 'estar'. 'Mi ordenador está averiado', not 'es averiado'.
Context is Key
While 'averiado' is common, consider synonyms like 'roto' (broken) for physical breakage or 'estropeado' (damaged/spoiled) for broader damage or spoilage, depending on the specific situation.
Sound Association
Try associating the sound of 'averiado' with a struggling engine or a malfunctioning machine. Imagine the 'a-veeeeee' struggling sound followed by 'riado' indicating it's not ready.
예시
El coche se quedó averiado en medio de la carretera.
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