Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Compound verbs in Persian combine a non-verbal element (noun/adjective) with a 'light' verb to create a new, specific meaning.
- The non-verbal part stays fixed: 'کار' (work) + 'کردن' (to do) = 'کار کردن' (to work).
- Only the light verb conjugates: 'من کار میکنم' (I work), 'تو کار میکنی' (You work).
- Negative markers and prefixes attach to the light verb: 'کار نمیکنم' (I don't work).
Overview
How This Grammar Works
Formation Pattern
When To Use It
Common Mistakes
Contrast With Similar Patterns
Quick FAQ
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Meanings
Compound verbs are the most common way to form verbs in Persian. They consist of a noun or adjective followed by a 'light' verb that provides the grammatical structure.
Action-based
Creating an action from a noun.
“کار کردن (to work)”
“صحبت کردن (to speak)”
State-based
Describing a state or change of state.
“خوشحال شدن (to become happy)”
“عصبانی شدن (to get angry)”
Conjugation of 'کار کردن' (To Work)
| Person | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | کار میکنم | کار نمیکنم | کار میکنم؟ |
| You (sg) | کار میکنی | کار نمیکنی | کار میکنی؟ |
| He/She | کار میکند | کار نمیکند | کار میکند؟ |
| We | کار میکنیم | کار نمیکنیم | کار میکنیم؟ |
| You (pl) | کار میکنید | کار نمیکنید | کار میکنید؟ |
| They | کار میکنند | کار نمیکنند | کار میکنند؟ |
Reference Table
| Noun/Adjective | Helper Verb | Compound Verb | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| kār (کار) | kardan (کردن) | kār kardan | To work |
| sohbat (صحبت) | kardan (کردن) | sohbat kardan | To talk |
| guš (گوش) | dādan (دادن) | guš dādan | To listen |
| aks (عکس) | gereftan (گرفتن) | aks gereftan | To take a photo |
| zang (زنگ) | zadan (زدن) | zang zadan | To call/ring |
| bāz (باز) | kardan (کردن) | bāz kardan | To open |
| fekr (فکر) | kardan (کردن) | fekr kardan | To think |
| zendegi (زندگی) | kardan (کردن) | zendegi kardan | To live |
격식 수준 스펙트럼
بنده مشغول به کار هستم. (Work environment)
من کار میکنم. (Work environment)
دارم کار میکنم. (Work environment)
دارم میترکونم. (Work environment)
The Power of 'Kardan'
Daily Actions
- kār kardan to work
- sohbat kardan to talk
Mental Actions
- fekr kardan to think
- yād gereftan to learn
Simple vs. Compound Verbs
How to Conjugate a Compound Verb
Is it the noun part?
Is it the helper verb?
Common Helper Verbs
Kardan (To do)
- • kār
- • sohbat
- • fekr
Zadan (To hit)
- • zang
- • harf
- • labxand
수준별 예문
من کار میکنم.
I work.
ما صحبت میکنیم.
We talk.
او بازی میکند.
He plays.
من خوشحال هستم.
I am happy.
او عصبانی شد.
He got angry.
من خسته نمیشوم.
I don't get tired.
آیا شما کمک میکنید؟
Do you help?
او تصمیم گرفت.
He decided.
او همیشه اشتباه میکند.
He always makes a mistake.
ما باید استراحت کنیم.
We must rest.
او از من تشکر کرد.
He thanked me.
آنها مسافرت میکنند.
They travel.
او به من اعتماد کرد.
He trusted me.
این موضوع اهمیت دارد.
This topic matters.
او تلاش میکند موفق شود.
He tries to succeed.
ما باید دقت کنیم.
We must be careful.
او پیشنهاد داد که برویم.
He suggested that we go.
این قانون اجرا میشود.
This law is implemented.
او به نتیجه رسید.
He reached a conclusion.
آنها همکاری میکنند.
They cooperate.
او به این مسئله توجه کرد.
He paid attention to this issue.
این امر تحقق یافت.
This matter was realized.
او در این کار مداخله کرد.
He intervened in this work.
آنها به توافق رسیدند.
They reached an agreement.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners mix up the conjugation rules.
Choosing between 'کردن' and 'شدن'.
Where to put the prepositional phrase.
자주 하는 실수
کار زیاد میکنم
زیاد کار میکنم
نکار میکنم
کار نمیکنم
کار را میکنم
کار میکنم
کار کردن من
من کار میکنم
خوشحال من شدم
من خوشحال شدم
صحبت کردن کردم
صحبت کردم
کمک به من کرد
به من کمک کرد
خیلی صحبت میکنم با او
خیلی با او صحبت میکنم
او تصمیم را گرفت
او تصمیم گرفت
خسته شدم خیلی
خیلی خسته شدم
او مداخله در کار کرد
او در کار مداخله کرد
توافق را رسیدند
به توافق رسیدند
اجرا شد قانون
قانون اجرا شد
문장 패턴
من ___ میکنم.
او ___ شد.
ما باید ___ کنیم.
آنها به ___ رسیدند.
Real World Usage
دارم پست میگذارم.
کی صحبت میکنیم؟
من سابقه کار دارم.
میخواهم مسافرت کنم.
سفارش ثبت شد.
تحقیق انجام شد.
The 70% Rule
Don't Split the Pair
Politeness Matters
Smart Tips
Check if the first part is a noun or adjective; it's likely a compound verb.
Always attach the 'نـ' to the light verb.
Place them at the start of the verb phrase.
Ask if the subject is doing the action (کردن) or experiencing it (شدن).
발음
Stress
The stress in a compound verb usually falls on the noun part, not the light verb.
Question
کار میکنی؟ ↗
Rising intonation at the end.
암기하기
기억법
Think of the Noun as the 'Actor' and the Light Verb as the 'Director'. The Actor provides the action, but the Director (the verb) tells you when and how it happens.
시각적 연상
Imagine a person holding a sign that says 'WORK' (the noun) while a robot (the light verb) does all the moving and talking for them.
Rhyme
Noun and Verb, side by side, in Persian they are unified.
Story
Ali wanted to work. He found a sign that said 'Work'. He held it up and shouted 'Do!'. Together, 'Work-Do' became his new job title.
Word Web
챌린지
Write down 5 things you do every day using the 'Noun + کردن' pattern.
문화 노트
In Tehran, 'حرف زدن' (to talk) is used more often than 'صحبت کردن' in casual settings.
Compound verbs evolved to allow Persian to express complex concepts using a limited set of basic verbs.
대화 시작하기
امروز کار میکنی؟
آیا به من کمک میکنی؟
آیا تصمیم گرفتی به سفر بروی؟
آیا در این مورد توافق کردید؟
일기 주제
Test Yourself
من در بانک کار ___.
Choose the correct sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
او زنگم زد.
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesمن هر روز کار ___.
او عصبانی ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
کار زیاد میکنم.
من کمک میکنم.
Match: کار, خوشحال, کمک
من / با او / صحبت / کردم
کار کردن
Can you put 'ra' between the noun and verb?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesلطفاً گوش ___.
Order: [mikonam] [man] [kār]
To take a photo
Match the pairs
Choose the negative form:
من فکر خوردم.
آنها در ایران زندگی ___.
Order: [zad] [zang] [u]
To talk
Match the meanings
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
A light verb is a verb like 'کردن' (to do) that provides the grammatical structure for a compound verb.
No, compound verbs are idiomatic. You must learn which noun pairs with which light verb.
It always attaches to the light verb, e.g., 'کار نمیکنم'.
They function as a single semantic unit in Persian.
It is neutral. 'حرف زدن' is more informal.
'کردن' is for active actions; 'شدن' is for states or changes of state.
Yes, they are the most common way to form verbs in Persian.
Yes, but always place them before the entire compound verb unit.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Suru-verbs
Japanese is SOV, Persian is also SOV but with different particle usage.
Funktionsverbgefüge
German is V2, Persian is SOV.
Af'al murakkaba
Arabic is highly inflectional; Persian is more analytic.
Verbes supports
French is SVO, Persian is SOV.
Locuciones verbales
Spanish is SVO and highly conjugated.
Verb-Object compounds
Chinese has no conjugation, Persian has full conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
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