수동태: 'Shodan'으로 바꾸기
shodan kardan «수동태»
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Turn active sentences into passive by using the past participle of the main verb + the conjugated verb 'shodan'.
- Take the past participle of the main verb: 'naveshtan' -> 'neveshte'.
- Add the appropriate conjugation of 'shodan' (to become): 'neveshte shod'.
- The original subject is either omitted or introduced with 'tavasot-e' (by).
Overview
How This Grammar Works
kardan(하다)이 페르시아어 동사의 90%를 담당한다는 걸 아시죠? kār kardan(일하다)이나 tamiz kardan(청소하다)처럼요. 이런 능동적 행동을 피동적 사건(행동이 주어에게 일어남)으로 바꾸려면, kardan을 해고하고 shodan(되다)을 고용하면 됩니다.shodan은 한국어의 «되다»나 «받다»로 생각하세요. tamiz kardan이라고 하면 당신이 청소를 하는 것입니다. tamiz shodan이라고 하면 물건이 청소 *되는* 것입니다. 복잡한 새 활용표를 외울 필요가 없습니다. shodan만 활용할 줄 알면 거의 모든 복합 동사를 피동으로 만들 수 있습니다.Formation Pattern
da'vat kardan에서 da'vat).
kardan에게 작별 인사를 하세요.
Shodan 추가하기: 새로운 보조 동사로 shodan을 붙입니다.
shodan을 활용합니다.
비동사 단어 + shodan (활용형)
man nāmeh-rā ersāl kardam (나는 편지를 보냈다).
nāmeh ersāl shod (편지가 보내졌다).
When To Use It
- «행위자»를 모를 때: «내 지갑이 도난당했어» (
kifam dozdi shod). - 책임 회피: «꽃병이 깨졌어» (
goldān shekaste shod). - 공식 발표 및 뉴스: «비행편이 취소되었습니다» (
parvāz cancel shod). - 기술 및 UI: «메시지 전송됨» (
payām ersāl shod).
Common Mistakes
- 상태와 동작 혼동:
bāz shod= 열렸다 (동작/사건).bāz bud= 열려 있었다 (상태).
budan(있다)을 쓰지 마세요.- 목적격 조사
rā유지: - 틀림:
nāmeh-rā ersāl shod. - 맞음:
nāmeh ersāl shod.
rā가 붙지 않습니다.Contrast With Similar Patterns
kardan) vs 피동 (shodan)paydā kardan(찾다) → 열쇠를 찾고 있다.paydā shodan(발견되다/나타나다) → 열쇠가 나타났다.
shodan) vs 상태 (budan)khaste shodan(피곤해지다) → 과정.khaste budan(피곤하다) → 상태.
Quick FAQ
일반적으로 안 됩니다. 페르시아어는 «~에 의해»(tavasot-e...)라는 표현을 싫어합니다. 그냥 능동태를 쓰세요: Ali dar-rā bāz kard.
그냥 shodan을 부정하면 됩니다. anjām nashod (이뤄지지 않았다).
Conjugation of 'Shodan' (Passive Auxiliary)
| Person | Past (Simple) | Present Perfect | Future |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1st Sing.
|
شدم
|
شدهام
|
خواهم شد
|
|
2nd Sing.
|
شدی
|
شدهای
|
خواهی شد
|
|
3rd Sing.
|
شد
|
شده است
|
خواهد شد
|
|
1st Plur.
|
شدیم
|
شدهایم
|
خواهیم شد
|
|
2nd Plur.
|
شدید
|
شدهاید
|
خواهید شد
|
|
3rd Plur.
|
شدند
|
شدهاند
|
خواهند شد
|
Meanings
The passive voice is used to emphasize the action or the object receiving the action rather than the person performing it.
Standard Passive
Focusing on the result of an action.
“غذا خورده شد”
“نامه فرستاده شد”
Formal/Academic
Used in reports or news to maintain objectivity.
“تصمیم گرفته شد”
“قانون تصویب شد”
Negative Passive
Indicating an action was not completed.
“کار انجام نشد”
“در باز نشد”
Reference Table
| 능동태 (Active Voice) | 수동태 (Passive Voice) | 의미 변화 |
|---|---|---|
|
da'vat kardan (دعوُت کردن)
|
da'vat shodan (دعوُت شدن)
|
초대하다 → 초대받다
|
|
bāz kardan (باز کردن)
|
bāz shodan (باز شدن)
|
열다 → 열리다
|
|
gom kardan (گم کردن)
|
gom shodan (گم شدن)
|
잃어버리다 → 길을 잃다/없어지다
|
|
sākhtan (ساختن*)
|
sākhte shodan (ساخته شدن)
|
짓다/만들다 → 지어지다
|
|
chāp kardan (چاپ کردن)
|
chāp shodan (چاپ شدن)
|
인쇄하다 → 인쇄되다
|
|
tāyid kardan (تایید کردن)
|
tāyid shodan (تایید شدن)
|
확인하다 → 확인되다
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
گزارش ارسال گردید. (Work email vs text)
گزارش فرستاده شد. (Work email vs text)
گزارش رو فرستادن. (Work email vs text)
گزارش رو فرستادن دیگه. (Work email vs text)
수동태 스위치
능동태 (하는 주체)
- Kardan (کردن) 하다 (능동)
- Ali dar-rā bāz kard 알리가 문을 열었다
수동태 (받는 대상)
- Shodan (شدن) 되다 (수동)
- Dar bāz shod 문이 열렸다
Kardan vs. Shodan
수동태인가요?
주어가 직접 행동을 하나요?
행동이 주어에게 일어나나요?
자주 쓰이는 수동태 상황
감정/상태
- • Āshegh shodan (사랑에 빠지다)
- • Khaste shodan (피곤해지다)
- • Nārāhat shodan (속상해지다)
사건/변화
- • Gom shodan (길을 잃다)
- • Bāz shodan (열리다)
- • Kharāb shodan (고장 나다/상하다)
수준별 예문
غذا خورده شد
The food was eaten
نامه نوشته شد
The letter was written
در باز شد
The door was opened
کار انجام شد
The work was done
ماشین تعمیر شد
The car was repaired
پنجره شکسته شد
The window was broken
پول پرداخت نشد
The money was not paid
فیلم دیده شد
The movie was watched
جلسه لغو شد
The meeting was cancelled
تصمیم گرفته شد
The decision was made
گزارش فرستاده شد
The report was sent
قانون تصویب شد
The law was passed
این کتاب توسط نویسنده مشهور نوشته شد
This book was written by a famous author
مذاکرات صلح آغاز شد
Peace negotiations were started
پروژه با موفقیت تکمیل شد
The project was successfully completed
اشتباهات اصلاح شدند
The mistakes were corrected
در آن زمان، این بنا ساخته شد
At that time, this building was constructed
تمامی جوانب بررسی شد
All aspects were examined
پیشنهاد رد شد
The proposal was rejected
تغییرات اعمال شدند
The changes were implemented
این نظریه توسط دانشمندان رد شد
This theory was rejected by scientists
تمهیدات لازم اندیشیده شد
The necessary measures were considered
حقایق نادیده گرفته شدند
The facts were ignored
بسیاری از آثار هنری نابود شدند
Many artworks were destroyed
혼동하기 쉬운
Both can be used with past participles.
Spoken Persian often uses active 'they' for passive meaning.
Learners try to make intransitive verbs passive.
자주 하는 실수
غذا خورد شد
غذا خورده شد
نامه نوشتن شد
نامه نوشته شد
کار انجام بود
کار انجام شد
توسط علی نامه نوشته شد
نامه توسط علی نوشته شد
문장 패턴
___ توسط ___ انجام شد.
آیا ___ ___ شد؟
___ هنوز ___ نشده است.
___ در سال ___ ساخته شد.
Real World Usage
مذاکرات آغاز شد.
گزارش ارسال شد.
دادهها تحلیل شدند.
سفارش ثبت شد.
کار انجام شد.
پروژه با موفقیت مدیریت شد.
'Get' 해킹법
Gom shodam.'~에 의해'는 잊으세요
In nâme ersâl shod.
예의 바른 수동태
Livān shekast.Smart Tips
Use passive to sound objective.
Use passive for each step.
Passive is your best friend.
Passive hides the subject.
발음
Shodan
The 'sh' is like 'shoe', 'o' is like 'go', 'd' is like 'dog', 'a' is like 'father', 'n' is like 'no'.
Rising for questions
انجام شد؟ ↗
Indicates a yes/no question.
암기하기
기억법
Think of 'Shodan' as a 'Shifter' — it shifts the focus from the doer to the deed.
시각적 연상
Imagine a spotlight moving from a person holding a pen to the paper itself. The paper glows as the pen fades away.
Rhyme
For passive voice, don't be slow, add 'shodan' to the flow.
Story
Ali was cooking dinner. The kitchen was messy. Suddenly, the lights went out. The food was cooked, the table was set, and the guests arrived. Everything happened without Ali being mentioned.
Word Web
챌린지
Take 5 active sentences you wrote today and rewrite them in the passive voice.
문화 노트
Passive is used frequently in news and formal reports.
Sometimes 'gardidan' is used instead of 'shodan' for a higher register.
In spoken Persian, people often use the active voice with a generic 'they' instead of the passive.
The verb 'shodan' comes from Middle Persian 'shudan' (to go).
대화 시작하기
آیا کارها انجام شدهاند؟
این کتاب توسط چه کسی نوشته شده است؟
آیا تصمیم نهایی گرفته شد؟
آیا درها بسته شدند؟
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
The door was opened. = Dar bāz ___ (past tense).
Select the correct passive construction:
Nāmeh-rā ersāl shod.
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesنامه نوشته ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
غذا خورد شد.
Choose the passive version of 'Ali repaired the car'.
شد / گزارش / ارسال
The meeting was cancelled.
A: Did you finish the work? B: Yes, the work ___.
علی نامه را نوشت.
They were...
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesPair the verbs correctly.
My phone is lost. = Gushiam ___ shode ast.
shod / ersāl / payām / diruz
Kār tamām shod.
In ketāb tavasot-e man khānde shod.
Panjere-hā bāz ___ (mishodan).
Identify the passive verb.
The food was eaten.
Otāgh tamiz kard.
The problem was not solved. = Moshkel hal ___.
Match the situation to the correct verb form.
shod / elām / natāyej / emruz
To fall in love = Āshegh ___.
Score: /13
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
It's possible, but active 'they' is more common.
Yes, for standard passive constructions.
Use 'tavasot-e' (by).
Check if your verb is transitive.
Yes, it is preferred in professional settings.
Yes, use 'khaham shod'.
Shodan is action, Boodan is state.
No, it stays the same.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Ser + participio
Spanish requires gender/number agreement for the participle.
Être + participe passé
French requires agreement of the participle with the subject.
Werden + Partizip II
German syntax is more rigid regarding word order.
Passive suffix -reru/-rareru
Persian uses an auxiliary verb, Japanese uses morphology.
Internal vowel change
Arabic is synthetic, Persian is analytic.
Bei (被) construction
Chinese 'bei' is a particle, Persian 'shodan' is a full verb.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
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