B2 Compound Verbs 17 min read Médio

Voz Passiva: A troca por 'Shodan'

Para transformar um verbo composto em passivo, basta trocar o auxiliar ativo kardan pela forma conjugada de shodan.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Turn active sentences into passive by using the past participle of the main verb + the conjugated verb 'shodan'.

  • Take the past participle of the main verb: 'naveshtan' -> 'neveshte'.
  • Add the appropriate conjugation of 'shodan' (to become): 'neveshte shod'.
  • The original subject is either omitted or introduced with 'tavasot-e' (by).
Past Participle + Shodan (conjugated) = Passive Voice

Overview

Já quebrou um vaso na casa de um amigo e pensou: "Como digo 'Quebrou' sem me culpar?
Bem-vindo ao mundo dos verbos passivos em persa! Em português, a voz passiva com
foi feito ou se fez" é comum. Em persa, é surpreendentemente lógico, quase como trocar uma bateria.
Como a maioria dos verbos persas são compostos (substantivo/adjetivo + verbo auxiliar), torná-los passivos é muitas vezes apenas uma questão de mudar esse auxiliar. É a diferença entre
Eu postei a foto
e
A foto foi postada
.

How This Grammar Works

O segredo é este: Sabe como kardan (fazer) é o motor de 90% dos verbos persas? Como kār kardan (trabalhar) ou tamiz kardan (limpar)? Bem, para transformar essas ações ativas em eventos passivos, você simplesmente demite o kardan e contrata o shodan (tornar-se/ficar).
Pense no shodan como o ficar ou ser. Quando você diz tamiz kardan, você limpa. Quando diz tamiz shodan, o objeto *fica* limpo ou *é* limpo. Não precisa decorar uma tabela nova. Se sabe conjugar shodan, pode fazer o passivo de quase qualquer verbo composto.

Formation Pattern

1
A fórmula é mais limpa que uma instalação nova do Windows.
2
Ache o elemento não-verbal: Pegue o substantivo ou adjetivo (ex. da'vat de da'vat kardan).
3
Tire o auxiliar ativo: Adeus kardan.
4
Adicione Shodan: Coloque shodan como novo auxiliar.
5
Conjuge: Conjuge shodan para o novo sujeito.
6
A Fórmula:
7
Palavra Não-Verbal + shodan (conjugado)
8
Exemplos:
9
Ativo: man nāmeh-rā ersāl kardam (Eu enviei a carta).
10
Passivo: nāmeh ersāl shod (A carta foi enviada).

When To Use It

Você verá isso em todo lugar:
  • Quando o Autor é desconhecido:
    Minha carteira foi roubada
    (kifam dozdi shod).
  • Evitar culpa: O vaso quebrou (goldān shekaste shod).
  • Anúncios formais:
    O voo foi cancelado
    (parvāz cancel shod).
  • Tecnologia: Mensagem enviada (payām ersāl shod).

Common Mistakes

Cuidado com estas armadilhas:
  • Confundir Estado vs. Ação:
  • bāz shod = Abriu-se (Ação).
  • bāz bud = Estava aberto (Estado).
Não use budan (estar) se descreve o evento.
  • Manter o marcador de objeto :
  • Errado: nāmeh-rā ersāl shod.
  • Certo: nāmeh ersāl shod.
Na passiva, o objeto vira sujeito. Sujeitos em persa não levam .

Contrast With Similar Patterns

1. Ativo (kardan) vs. Passivo (shodan)

paydā kardan (encontrar) → Você procura.
paydā shodan (ser encontrado/aparecer) → As chaves apareceram.

2. Passivo (shodan) vs. Estado (budan)

khaste shodan (cansar-se) → Processo.
khaste budan (estar cansado) → Estado.

Quick FAQ

P: Posso mencionar quem fez (ex. por Ali)?

R: Geralmente não. O persa odeia a frase «por...» (tavasot-e...). Use a voz ativa: Ali dar-rā bāz kard.

P: Como faço negativo?

R: Só negue o shodan. anjām nashod (Não foi feito).

Conjugation of 'Shodan' (Passive Auxiliary)

Person Past (Simple) Present Perfect Future
1st Sing.
شدم
شده‌ام
خواهم شد
2nd Sing.
شدی
شده‌ای
خواهی شد
3rd Sing.
شد
شده است
خواهد شد
1st Plur.
شدیم
شده‌ایم
خواهیم شد
2nd Plur.
شدید
شده‌اید
خواهید شد
3rd Plur.
شدند
شده‌اند
خواهند شد

Meanings

The passive voice is used to emphasize the action or the object receiving the action rather than the person performing it.

1

Standard Passive

Focusing on the result of an action.

“غذا خورده شد”

“نامه فرستاده شد”

2

Formal/Academic

Used in reports or news to maintain objectivity.

“تصمیم گرفته شد”

“قانون تصویب شد”

3

Negative Passive

Indicating an action was not completed.

“کار انجام نشد”

“در باز نشد”

Reference Table

Reference table for Voz Passiva: A troca por 'Shodan'
Ativa (Voz Ativa) Passiva (Voz Passiva) Mudança de Sentido
da'vat kardan (دعوُت کردن)
da'vat shodan (دعوُت شدن)
convidar → ser convidado
bāz kardan (باز کردن)
bāz shodan (باز شدن)
abrir → ser aberto / abrir-se
gom kardan (گم کردن)
gom shodan (گم شدن)
perder → perder-se / ser perdido
sākhte kardan (ساختن*)
sākhte shodan (ساخته شدن)
construir → ser construído
chāp kardan (چاپ کردن)
chāp shodan (چاپ شدن)
imprimir → ser impresso
tāyid kardan (تایید کردن)
tāyid shodan (تایید شدن)
confirmar → ser confirmado

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
گزارش ارسال گردید.

گزارش ارسال گردید. (Work email vs text)

Neutro
گزارش فرستاده شد.

گزارش فرستاده شد. (Work email vs text)

Informal
گزارش رو فرستادن.

گزارش رو فرستادن. (Work email vs text)

Gíria
گزارش رو فرستادن دیگه.

گزارش رو فرستادن دیگه. (Work email vs text)

A Troca para a Passiva

Ação

Ativa (Quem faz)

  • Kardan (کردن) Fazer (Ativa)
  • Ali dar-rā bāz kard Ali abriu a porta

Passiva (Quem recebe)

  • Shodan (شدن) Tornar-se (Passiva)
  • Dar bāz shod A porta foi aberta

Kardan vs. Shodan

Ativa (Kardan)
Bāz kardan Abrir (algo)
Tamiz kardan Limpar (algo)
Passiva (Shodan)
Bāz shodan Ser aberto
Tamiz shodan Ser limpo

É Voz Passiva?

1

O sujeito está realizando a ação?

YES
Voz Ativa (Use Kardan)
NO
Verifique o próximo passo
2

A ação está acontecendo COM o sujeito?

YES
Voz Passiva (Use Shodan)
NO ↓

Contextos Comuns de Passiva

❤️

Emoções/Estados

  • Āshegh shodan (Apaixonar-se)
  • Khaste shodan (Cansar-se)
  • Nārāhat shodan (Ficar chateado)

Eventos/Mudanças

  • Gom shodan (Perder-se)
  • Bāz shodan (Abrir)
  • Kharāb shodan (Quebrar/Estragar)

Exemplos por nível

1

غذا خورده شد

The food was eaten

2

نامه نوشته شد

The letter was written

3

در باز شد

The door was opened

4

کار انجام شد

The work was done

1

ماشین تعمیر شد

The car was repaired

2

پنجره شکسته شد

The window was broken

3

پول پرداخت نشد

The money was not paid

4

فیلم دیده شد

The movie was watched

1

جلسه لغو شد

The meeting was cancelled

2

تصمیم گرفته شد

The decision was made

3

گزارش فرستاده شد

The report was sent

4

قانون تصویب شد

The law was passed

1

این کتاب توسط نویسنده مشهور نوشته شد

This book was written by a famous author

2

مذاکرات صلح آغاز شد

Peace negotiations were started

3

پروژه با موفقیت تکمیل شد

The project was successfully completed

4

اشتباهات اصلاح شدند

The mistakes were corrected

1

در آن زمان، این بنا ساخته شد

At that time, this building was constructed

2

تمامی جوانب بررسی شد

All aspects were examined

3

پیشنهاد رد شد

The proposal was rejected

4

تغییرات اعمال شدند

The changes were implemented

1

این نظریه توسط دانشمندان رد شد

This theory was rejected by scientists

2

تمهیدات لازم اندیشیده شد

The necessary measures were considered

3

حقایق نادیده گرفته شدند

The facts were ignored

4

بسیاری از آثار هنری نابود شدند

Many artworks were destroyed

Fácil de confundir

Passive Voice: The 'Shodan' Switch vs Shodan vs Boodan

Both can be used with past participles.

Passive Voice: The 'Shodan' Switch vs Passive vs Active 'They'

Spoken Persian often uses active 'they' for passive meaning.

Passive Voice: The 'Shodan' Switch vs Transitive vs Intransitive

Learners try to make intransitive verbs passive.

Erros comuns

غذا خورد شد

غذا خورده شد

Must use the past participle form.

نامه نوشتن شد

نامه نوشته شد

Do not use the infinitive.

کار انجام بود

کار انجام شد

Use 'shodan' for the action, not 'boodan'.

توسط علی نامه نوشته شد

نامه توسط علی نوشته شد

Word order is flexible but usually the receiver comes first.

Padrões de frases

___ توسط ___ انجام شد.

آیا ___ ___ شد؟

___ هنوز ___ نشده است.

___ در سال ___ ساخته شد.

Real World Usage

News Broadcast constant

مذاکرات آغاز شد.

Office Email very common

گزارش ارسال شد.

Academic Paper very common

داده‌ها تحلیل شدند.

Food Delivery App common

سفارش ثبت شد.

Texting occasional

کار انجام شد.

Job Interview common

پروژه با موفقیت مدیریت شد.

🎯

O Truque do 'Get'

Se em inglês você usaria 'get' (como em 'get lost'), no persa você quase sempre usará o verbo shodan. Por exemplo: Gom shodam.
⚠️

Não traduza o 'Por'

Evite usar 'por alguém' (tavasot-e) em frases passivas, pois soa muito artificial. Se quiser citar a pessoa, prefira a voz ativa:
Ali dar-rā bāz kard.
💬

Passiva Educada

Os iranianos usam a voz passiva para evitar culpar alguém diretamente. Dizer que o copo quebrou (livān shekast) é bem mais gentil do que dizer que você o quebrou.

Smart Tips

Use passive to sound objective.

I finished the report. گزارش تکمیل شد.

Use passive for each step.

First, I cut the onions. ابتدا پیازها خرد شدند.

Passive is your best friend.

Someone broke the vase. گلدان شکسته شد.

Passive hides the subject.

You made a mistake. اشتباهی رخ داد.

Pronúncia

/ʃoˈdæn/

Shodan

The 'sh' is like 'shoe', 'o' is like 'go', 'd' is like 'dog', 'a' is like 'father', 'n' is like 'no'.

Rising for questions

انجام شد؟ ↗

Indicates a yes/no question.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'Shodan' as a 'Shifter' — it shifts the focus from the doer to the deed.

Associação visual

Imagine a spotlight moving from a person holding a pen to the paper itself. The paper glows as the pen fades away.

Rhyme

For passive voice, don't be slow, add 'shodan' to the flow.

Story

Ali was cooking dinner. The kitchen was messy. Suddenly, the lights went out. The food was cooked, the table was set, and the guests arrived. Everything happened without Ali being mentioned.

Word Web

شدناسم مفعولتوسطمجهولفاعلمفعول

Desafio

Take 5 active sentences you wrote today and rewrite them in the passive voice.

Notas culturais

Passive is used frequently in news and formal reports.

Sometimes 'gardidan' is used instead of 'shodan' for a higher register.

In spoken Persian, people often use the active voice with a generic 'they' instead of the passive.

The verb 'shodan' comes from Middle Persian 'shudan' (to go).

Iniciadores de conversa

آیا کارها انجام شده‌اند؟

این کتاب توسط چه کسی نوشته شده است؟

آیا تصمیم نهایی گرفته شد؟

آیا درها بسته شدند؟

Temas para diário

Describe a project you completed at work using the passive voice.
Write a short news report about a local event.
List three things that were done in your house today.
Discuss a historical event using the passive voice.

Erros comuns

Incorrect

Correto


Incorrect

Correto


Incorrect

Correto


Incorrect

Correto

Test Yourself

Complete a frase com a forma correta de 'shodan'.

A porta foi aberta. = Dar bāz ___ (passado).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: shod
Precisamos do auxiliar passivo 'shodan' no passado (shod) para significar 'foi aberta'.
Qual frase significa 'O carro foi vendido'? Múltipla escolha

Selecione a construção passiva correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mashin forukhte shod.
'Forukhte shod' é a forma passiva correta. 'Kard' é ativa, e não usamos 'rā' com o sujeito da passiva.
Corrija o erro na frase passiva. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Nāmeh-rā ersāl shod.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nāmeh ersāl shod.
Em frases passivas, o objeto se torna o sujeito, por isso devemos remover o marcador de objeto 'rā'.

Score: /3

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'shodan'.

نامه نوشته ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: شد
The subject is 'nameh' (singular).
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

غذا خورد شد.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: غذا خورده شد
Needs past participle.
Which is the correct passive form? Múltipla escolha

Choose the passive version of 'Ali repaired the car'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ماشین تعمیر شد
Correct auxiliary usage.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

شد / گزارش / ارسال

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: گزارش ارسال شد
Standard word order.
Translate to Persian. Tradução

The meeting was cancelled.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: جلسه لغو شد
Correct past passive.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Did you finish the work? B: Yes, the work ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: انجام شد
Passive response.
Sort into Active or Passive. Grammar Sorting

علی نامه را نوشت.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Active
Subject is Ali.
Conjugate 'shodan' for 3rd person plural. Conjugation Drill

They were...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: شدند
Correct plural conjugation.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

13 exercises
Combine o verbo ativo com seu equivalente passivo. Match Pairs

Combine os verbos corretamente.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {"baz kardan":"baz shodan","gom kardan":"gom shodan","tamiz kardan":"tamiz shodan"}
Preencha a lacuna. Preencher as lacunas

Meu celular está perdido. = Gushiam ___ shode ast.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gom
Organize as palavras para formar uma frase passiva. Sentence Reorder

shod / ersāl / payām / diruz

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Payām diruz ersāl shod.
Escolha a tradução correta. Múltipla escolha

Kār tamām shod.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The work was finished.
Encontre o erro. Error Correction

In ketāb tavasot-e man khānde shod.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man in ketāb-rā khāndam.
Conjugue 'shodan' para 'As janelas se abrem' (Presente). Preencher as lacunas

Panjere-hā bāz ___ (mishodan).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mishavand
Qual destes é passivo? Múltipla escolha

Identifique o verbo passivo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dorost shod
Traduza para o persa. Tradução

A comida foi comida.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ghazā khorde shod.
Corrija a escolha do verbo. Error Correction

Otāgh tamiz kard.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Otāgh tamiz shod.
Selecione a forma negativa correta. Preencher as lacunas

O problema não foi resolvido. = Moshkel hal ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nashod
Combine o contexto com o verbo. Match Pairs

Combine a situação com a forma verbal correta.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {"I lost my keys (Active)":"Kelid-r\u0101 gom kardam","Keys appeared (Passive)":"Kelid peyd\u0101 shod","My keys were lost (Passive)":"Kelid gom shod"}
Reordene para um estilo de notícia formal. Sentence Reorder

shod / elām / natāyej / emruz

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Natāyej emruz elām shod.
Complete a expressão idiomática. Preencher as lacunas

Apaixonar-se = Āshegh ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: shodan

Score: /13

Perguntas frequentes (8)

It's possible, but active 'they' is more common.

Yes, for standard passive constructions.

Use 'tavasot-e' (by).

Check if your verb is transitive.

Yes, it is preferred in professional settings.

Yes, use 'khaham shod'.

Shodan is action, Boodan is state.

No, it stays the same.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Ser + participio

Spanish requires gender/number agreement for the participle.

French high

Être + participe passé

French requires agreement of the participle with the subject.

German high

Werden + Partizip II

German syntax is more rigid regarding word order.

Japanese low

Passive suffix -reru/-rareru

Persian uses an auxiliary verb, Japanese uses morphology.

Arabic low

Internal vowel change

Arabic is synthetic, Persian is analytic.

Chinese moderate

Bei (被) construction

Chinese 'bei' is a particle, Persian 'shodan' is a full verb.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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