A1 Compound Verbs 13 min read Fácil

Verbos 'Fazer' em Persa: Como expressar quase qualquer ação (`kardan`)

Com o verbo kardan, você cria centenas de ações apenas juntando um nome ao ajudante mikonam para o presente ou kardam para o passado.
Marcar como aprendido
Pratique

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Make almost any action by combining a noun or adjective with the verb 'kardan' (to do).

  • Combine a noun/adjective + kardan: 'kar' (work) + 'kardan' = 'kardan' (to work).
  • Conjugate only the 'kardan' part: 'man kar mikonam' (I work).
  • Place negative 'na' directly before the verb: 'man kar nemikonam' (I do not work).
Noun/Adjective + kardan = New Verb

Overview

Já se perguntou por que o persa parece ter tão poucos verbos?...
Em persa, chamamos estes de verbos compostos (fe'l-haye morakkab)...

How This Grammar Works

Quando você usa um verbo composto, apenas a parte kardan muda...

Formation Pattern

1
A fórmula é simples: [Substantivo/Adjetivo] + [forma conjugada de kardan]...

When To Use It

Você usa kardan para quase qualquer tarefa ativa e intencional...

Common Mistakes

A maior armadilha para iniciantes é o erro do verbo duplo...

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Eventualmente, você encontrará outros verbos auxiliares como shodan (tornar-se)...

Quick FAQ

P: Posso usar kardan com qualquer substantivo? R: Na maioria das vezes, sim!

Conjugation of 'Kardan' (Present Tense)

Pronoun Persian Transliteration Meaning
Man
می‌کنم
mikonam
I do
To
می‌کنی
mikoni
You do
Ou
می‌کند
mikond
He/she does
Ma
می‌کنیم
mikonim
We do
Shoma
می‌کنید
mikonid
You (pl) do
Anha
می‌کنند
mikonnand
They do

Meanings

Compound verbs in Persian consist of a non-verbal element (noun or adjective) and a light verb (kardan). This construction is the most productive way to create new verbs in Persian.

1

Action creation

Turning a concept into an active verb.

“تلفن کردن (to call)”

“کمک کردن (to help)”

2

State change

Describing an action that results in a state.

“تمیز کردن (to clean)”

“خاموش کردن (to turn off)”

Reference Table

Reference table for Verbos 'Fazer' em Persa: Como expressar quase qualquer ação (`kardan`)
Composto em Persa Significado Literal Significado em Português Presente (Eu...)
kar kardan
trabalho fazendo
trabalhar
kar mikonam
tamiz kardan
limpo fazendo
limpar
tamiz mikonam
sohbat kardan
conversa fazendo
falar/conversar
sohbat mikonam
ashpazi kardan
culinária fazendo
cozinhar
ashpazi mikonam
fekr kardan
pensamento fazendo
pensar
fekr mikonam
bazi kardan
jogo fazendo
jogar/brincar
bazi mikonam
check kardan
checagem fazendo
checar/verificar
check mikonam
estefade kardan
uso fazendo
usar
estefade mikonam

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
بنده کار می‌کنم

بنده کار می‌کنم (Daily work)

Neutro
من کار می‌کنم

من کار می‌کنم (Daily work)

Informal
کار می‌کنم

کار می‌کنم (Daily work)

Gíria
کار می‌کنم

کار می‌کنم (Daily work)

O Mundo do 'Kardan'

کردن (Kardan)

Doméstico

  • تمیز کردن Limpar
  • آشپزی کردن Cozinhar

Tecnologia

  • چک کردن Checar
  • دانلود کردن Baixar

Comunicação

  • صحبت کردن Conversar
  • تماس کردن Contatar

Verbos Simples vs. Compostos

Simples (Uma palavra)
رفتن Ir
خوردن Comer
Composto (Nome + Kardan)
کار کردن Trabalhar
تمیز کردن Limpar

Como conjugar um verbo composto

1

O verbo é composto?

YES
Mantenha o substantivo exatamente como ele é.
NO
Siga as regras de verbos simples.
2

É tempo presente?

YES
Adicione 'mi-' + 'kon' + terminação.
NO ↓

Ações Diárias com Kardan

🎮

Diversão

  • • Bazi kardan (Jogar)
  • • Safar kardan (Viajar)
🧠

Lógica

  • • Fekr kardan (Pensar)
  • • Motale'e kardan (Estudar)
Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Exemplos por nível

1

من کار می‌کنم

I work

2

او کمک می‌کند

He/she helps

3

ما نگاه می‌کنیم

We look

4

تو تلفن می‌کنی

You call

1

من ورزش نمی‌کنم

I do not exercise

2

آیا شما تمیز می‌کنید؟

Do you clean?

3

او آماده می‌کند

He/she prepares

4

ما امتحان می‌کنیم

We try

1

او تصمیم می‌گیرد

He/she decides

2

من فراموش نمی‌کنم

I do not forget

3

آنها استفاده می‌کنند

They use

4

ما شروع می‌کنیم

We start

1

او پیشنهاد می‌کند

He/she suggests

2

من تعجب می‌کنم

I am surprised

3

آنها اعتراض می‌کنند

They protest

4

ما اعتماد می‌کنیم

We trust

1

او ابراز می‌کند

He/she expresses

2

من استقبال می‌کنم

I welcome

3

آنها ادعا می‌کنند

They claim

4

ما اختراع می‌کنیم

We invent

1

او استدلال می‌کند

He/she argues

2

من استعفا می‌کنم

I resign

3

آنها استخراج می‌کنند

They extract

4

ما استناد می‌کنیم

We cite

Fácil de confundir

Persian 'Do' Verbs: How to make almost any action (`kardan`) vs Kardan vs. Zadan

Both are light verbs, and learners mix them up.

Persian 'Do' Verbs: How to make almost any action (`kardan`) vs Kardan vs. Shodan

Kardan is transitive (do), Shodan is intransitive (become).

Persian 'Do' Verbs: How to make almost any action (`kardan`) vs Kardan vs. Budan

Budan is 'to be', Kardan is 'to do'.

Erros comuns

✗

varzesham mikonam

✓

varzesh mikonam

Do not attach pronouns to the noun.
✗

na mikonam

✓

nemikonam

The negative prefix must be attached to the verb.
✗

man mikonam kar

✓

man kar mikonam

The noun must come before the verb.
✗

man kar kardam mikonam

✓

man kar mikonam

Do not double conjugate.
✗

tamiz-e mikonam

✓

tamiz mikonam

No Ezafe between noun and verb.
✗

man mikonam-ash

✓

man an ra mikonam

Object pronouns go before the verb.
✗

kar kardan-am

✓

kar mikonam

Conjugate the verb, not the infinitive.
✗

telfon-e man mikonam

✓

telfon mikonam

Don't insert possessives between the noun and verb.
✗

kar-ha mikonam

✓

kar mikonam

Don't pluralize the noun in a compound verb.
✗

tamiz-tar mikonam

✓

tamiz mikonam

Don't modify the noun part.
✗

kar-e man mikonam

✓

kar mikonam

Avoid Ezafe in compound verbs.
✗

telfon-ash mikonam

✓

telfon-ash mikonam

This is actually correct, but often misused.
✗

kar-e besyar mikonam

✓

besyar kar mikonam

Adverbs go before the noun.

Padrões de frases

من ___ می‌کنم.

آیا تو ___ می‌کنی؟

او ___ نمی‌کند.

ما همیشه ___ می‌کنیم.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

زنگ می‌زنم (I'll call)

Job Interview very common

کار می‌کنم (I work)

Social Media common

ورزش می‌کنم (I exercise)

Travel common

بازدید می‌کنم (I visit)

Food Delivery common

انتخاب می‌کنم (I choose)

Academic common

استدلال می‌کنم (I argue)

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos
💡

Estratégia LEGO

Pense no substantivo como um bloco fixo. Você nunca muda esse bloco, só troca o verbo de apoio 'kardan' para mudar o tempo: kar mikonam.
⚠️

O Prefixo 'Mi-'

Nunca coloque o 'mi-' na parte do nome. O certo é sempre kar mikonam, nunca mikar konam.
🎯

Atalho com Inglês

Travou em uma palavra? Tente usar a palavra em inglês + 'kardan'. Muitos iranianos dizem Edit kardan ou Fix kardan no dia a dia.

Smart Tips

Try adding 'kardan' to see if it makes a verb.

I need to do work. → Man kar mikonam.

Always conjugate the 'kardan' part, never the noun.

Man varzesham mikonam. → Man varzesh mikonam.

Use 'namudan' instead of 'kardan'.

Man kar mikonam. → Man kar minamaym.

Drop the 'mi-' prefix if it's clear from context.

Man kar mikonam. → Kar mikonam.

Pronúncia

KAR-mikonam

Stress

The stress in a compound verb usually falls on the noun part, not the verb.

Question

kar mikoni? (rising pitch at the end)

Turns a statement into a yes/no question.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'Kardan' as a 'Do-it-all' machine. You feed it a noun, and it spits out an action.

Associação visual

Imagine a robot (Kardan) standing next to a pile of bricks (Nouns). Every time he touches a brick, it turns into a glowing action verb.

Rhyme

Noun plus Kardan, makes an action fast, conjugation is simple, built to last.

Story

Ali wanted to clean his room. He took the word 'clean' (tamiz) and added 'kardan'. Suddenly, his room was clean! He then decided to help his friend, so he took 'help' (komak) and added 'kardan'. Everything he did was just adding 'kardan' to a word.

Word Web

کارکمکتمیزتلفنورزشآماده

Desafio

Write down 5 things you do every day, find the Persian noun for them, and add 'kardan'.

Notas culturais

In Tehran, people often use 'zang zadan' instead of 'telfon kardan'.

In very formal writing, 'kardan' is sometimes replaced by 'namudan'.

In casual speech, the 'mi-' prefix is sometimes dropped or shortened.

The 'kardan' verb comes from the Middle Persian 'kardan', which is related to the Proto-Indo-European root '*kʷer-'.

Iniciadores de conversa

“

امروز چه کار می‌کنی؟ (What are you doing today?)

“

آیا ورزش می‌کنی؟ (Do you exercise?)

“

آیا به کسی کمک می‌کنی؟ (Do you help anyone?)

“

آیا تصمیم می‌گیری؟ (Do you make decisions?)

Temas para diário

Write about your daily routine using 5 compound verbs.
Describe a time you helped someone.
What are your goals for this year?
Discuss the importance of hard work.

Erros comuns

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

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Test Yourself

Complete a frase com a forma correta de 'kardan' (trabalhar).

من امروز ______ می‌کنم. (kar)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کار
O substantivo 'kar' (trabalho) permanece inalterado no verbo composto 'kar kardan'.
Qual frase diz corretamente 'Nós limpamos o quarto'?

Escolha a frase correta no passado:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ما اتاق را تمیز کردیم.
No passado, usamos o substantivo 'tamiz' + o radical do passado 'kard' + a terminação '-im'.
Encontre o erro no prefixo do presente.

او می تمیز می کند. (Ele está limpando)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او تمیز می کند.
O prefixo 'mi-' deve ser anexado apenas ao radical do verbo 'kon', não ao substantivo 'tamiz'.

Score: /3

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct form of kardan.

من ورزش ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می‌کنم
Man requires the first person singular.
Choose the correct compound verb. Múltipla escolha

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کار می‌کنم
The noun must be separate.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

او کار نمی‌کند.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او کار نمی‌کند
Correct negative conjugation.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

می‌کنم / کار / من

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من کار می‌کنم
Subject-Noun-Verb order.
Translate to Persian. Tradução

I help.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کمک می‌کنم
First person singular.
Conjugate for 'They'. Conjugation Drill

کار کردن (They)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کار می‌کنند
Third person plural.
Match the noun to the verb. Match Pairs

کار -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کردن
Kar goes with Kardan.
Build a sentence with 'تمیز'. Sentence Building

تمیز / من / می‌کنم

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من تمیز می‌کنم
Subject-Noun-Verb.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete a expressão: 'Conversar' Preencher as lacunas

______ کردن (sohbat)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: صحبت
Corrija a terminação verbal para 'Vocês trabalham'. Preencher as lacunas

شما کار می کنند.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: شما کار می کنید.
Coloque as palavras em ordem para dizer 'Eu estou cozinhando'. Preencher as lacunas

میکنم / آشپزی / من

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من آشپزی میکنم
Traduza para o persa: 'Ele pensou.' Preencher as lacunas

He thought.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او فکر کرد.
Como se diz 'pesquisar' no persa moderno? Preencher as lacunas

Search...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سرچ کردن
Combine o substantivo com seu significado em 'kardan'. Preencher as lacunas

Combine o seguinte:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bazi : To play
Eu (presente) limpo... Preencher as lacunas

من ______ می‌کنم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: تمیز
Corrija o radical para 'Ele fez'. Preencher as lacunas

او کار کن کرد.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او کار کرد.
Traduza: 'Nós usamos.' Preencher as lacunas

We use.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ما استفاده می‌کنیم.
Reordene: 'Você está jogando?' (Informal) Preencher as lacunas

کنی؟ / بازی / می

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بازی می کنی؟

Score: /10

Perguntas frequentes (8)

Almost! It's the most productive verb in Persian.

You can't use the compound verb, but you can describe it.

No, sometimes 'zadan' or 'shodan' is used.

Change 'kardan' to 'kardam'.

It's neutral and used everywhere.

That's just a variation of 'mikond'.

Yes, like 'tamiz kardan'.

Some nouns don't take 'kardan'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

Cadastre-se grátis para praticar

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Hacer + Noun

Spanish verbs are usually single words, while Persian relies on the compound structure.

Japanese very_high

Noun + Suru

The word order is identical, but Japanese has more complex conjugation.

German moderate

Tun + Noun

German prefers prefix verbs over compound verbs.

French moderate

Faire + Noun

French uses 'faire' as a helper, but not as universally as Persian.

Arabic low

Fi'l + Masdar

Arabic is highly inflectional, while Persian is more analytical.

Chinese low

Verb + Noun

Chinese lacks the conjugation system found in Persian.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Verbos Compostos Persas: Tornar-se e Mudar de Estado (-shodan)

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