B2 Verb System 17 min read Médio

Voz Passiva em Persa: Como as coisas são feitas (shodan)

Para transformar qualquer verbo em passivo, usamos o particípio passado do verbo principal seguido pelo verbo auxiliar shodan (tornar-se) devidamente conjugado.
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Pratique

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The Persian passive is formed by combining the past participle of a verb with the conjugated forms of 'shodan' (to become).

  • Use the past participle (stem + -e) of the main verb: 'neveshte' (written).
  • Add the conjugated form of 'shodan': 'neveshte shod' (it was written).
  • The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent, often marked by 'tavasot-e' (by).
Past Participle + Shodan (conjugated) = Passive Voice

Overview

Já se perguntou como dizer
meu coração foi quebrado
numa canção pop persa sem parecer que está lendo um manuscrito empoeirado do século XIII? ... (Portuguese translation)

Passive Voice Conjugation (Verb: Neveshtan - to write)

Tense Passive Form
Past Simple
neveshte shod
Present Perfect
neveshte shode ast
Past Perfect
neveshte shode bud
Future
neveshte khahad shod
Subjunctive
neveshte shavad

Meanings

The passive voice shifts the focus from the doer of an action to the receiver of the action.

1

Standard Passive

Focus on the action's recipient.

“غذا خورده شد.”

“نامه فرستاده شد.”

2

Formal/Academic

Used in formal reports or news.

“تصمیمات اتخاذ شدند.”

“قانون تصویب شد.”

3

Resultative Passive

Focus on the state resulting from an action.

“پنجره شکسته شده است.”

“چراغ خاموش شده است.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Voz Passiva em Persa: Como as coisas são feitas (shodan)
Tempo Verbal Estrutura Exemplo (Verbo: neveshtan) Tradução
Passado Simples
Particípio + shod
neveshte shod
Foi escrito
Presente Simples
Particípio + mi-shavad
neveshte mi-shavad
É escrito / está sendo escrito
Pretérito Perfeito
Particípio + shode ast
neveshte shode ast
Tem sido escrito / foi escrito
Pretérito Mais-que-perfeito
Particípio + shode bud
neveshte shode bud
Tinha sido escrito
Futuro
Particípio + khahad shod
neveshte khahad shod
Será escrito
Passado Contínuo
Particípio + mi-shod
neveshte mi-shod
Estava sendo escrito
Imperativo
Particípio + beshav
neveshte beshav!
Seja escrito!

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
کار تکمیل گردید.

کار تکمیل گردید. (Work completion)

Neutro
کار تکمیل شد.

کار تکمیل شد. (Work completion)

Informal
کار تموم شد.

کار تموم شد. (Work completion)

Gíria
کار ردیف شد.

کار ردیف شد. (Work completion)

Componentes da Passiva em Persa

Voz Passiva

Verbo Principal

  • Particípio Passado Radical + -e

Auxiliar

  • Shodan Tornar-se

Transformação Ativa vs. Passiva

Ativa (Quem fez?)
Ali nâme râ nevesht Ali escreveu a carta
Passiva (O que aconteceu?)
Nâme neveshte shod A carta foi escrita

Como Construir a Passiva

1

O verbo é transitivo (aceita objeto)?

YES
Continue para o Particípio
NO
Passiva é impossível
2

Encontrou o radical do passado?

YES
Adicione -e (ـه)
NO ↓
3

Conjugue 'shodan' para o tempo desejado

YES
Combine e finalize!
NO ↓

Tempos Passivos Comuns

📜

Passado

  • • shod (foi)
  • • shode bud (tinha sido)
⏳

Presente

  • • mi-shavad (está sendo)
  • • shode ast (foi/tem sido)
🚀

Futuro

  • • khâhad shod (será)
Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Exemplos por nível

1

در باز شد.

The door was opened.

2

غذا خورده شد.

The food was eaten.

3

نامه نوشته شد.

The letter was written.

4

کار انجام شد.

The work was done.

1

ماشین تعمیر شد.

The car was repaired.

2

فیلم دیده شد.

The movie was watched.

3

پول پرداخت شد.

The money was paid.

4

خانه تمیز شد.

The house was cleaned.

1

این کتاب توسط حافظ نوشته شده است.

This book has been written by Hafez.

2

تصمیمات مهمی گرفته شد.

Important decisions were made.

3

قوانین جدید تصویب شدند.

New laws were passed.

4

پنجره‌ها شکسته شده بودند.

The windows had been broken.

1

گزارش توسط تیم بررسی شد.

The report was reviewed by the team.

2

پروژه تا فردا تکمیل خواهد شد.

The project will be completed by tomorrow.

3

بسیاری از مشکلات حل شده‌اند.

Many problems have been solved.

4

آیا این نامه ارسال شده است؟

Has this letter been sent?

1

این نظریه توسط دانشمندان رد شد.

This theory was rejected by scientists.

2

باید به این موضوع توجه شود.

This issue must be paid attention to.

3

در آن زمان، شهر بازسازی می‌شد.

At that time, the city was being rebuilt.

4

هیچ راه حلی پیدا نشده بود.

No solution had been found.

1

این اثر هنری در قرن هجدهم خلق شده است.

This artwork was created in the 18th century.

2

تمامی جوانب امر در نظر گرفته شد.

All aspects of the matter were taken into consideration.

3

گفته می‌شود که او بسیار باهوش است.

It is said that he is very intelligent.

4

این سنت‌ها باید حفظ شوند.

These traditions must be preserved.

Fácil de confundir

Persian Passive Voice: How things are done (shodan) vs Active Perfect

Learners confuse 'karde ast' (he has done) with 'karde shode ast' (it has been done).

Persian Passive Voice: How things are done (shodan) vs Stative 'Budan'

Learners use 'budan' for passive processes.

Persian Passive Voice: How things are done (shodan) vs Causative

Learners confuse 'being done' with 'having someone do it'.

Erros comuns

✗

karde bud

✓

karde shod

Using 'bud' (was) instead of 'shod' (became).
✗

nevesht shod

✓

neveshte shod

Forgetting the '-e' suffix on the participle.
✗

shod neveshte

✓

neveshte shod

Incorrect word order.
✗

man neveshte shod

✓

name neveshte shod

Confusing subject and object.
✗

karde shode budam

✓

karde shode bud

Incorrect conjugation of shodan.
✗

tavasot-e man neveshte shod

✓

neveshte shod (passive usually drops agent)

Overusing the agent marker.
✗

shodan neveshte

✓

neveshte shod

Using the infinitive instead of the conjugated form.
✗

neveshte mishod

✓

neveshte shod

Using imperfective for a completed action.
✗

neveshte ast

✓

neveshte shode ast

Missing the 'shode' part.
✗

neveshte shodan

✓

neveshte shod

Using infinitive in a finite clause.
✗

neveshte shode-and

✓

neveshte shode-ast

Agreement error with inanimate plural subjects.
✗

tavasot-e in kar

✓

ba in kar

Using 'tavasot-e' with inanimate objects.
✗

neveshte shode budand

✓

neveshte shode bud

Pluralizing the auxiliary for inanimate objects.
✗

neveshte shavad

✓

neveshte shod

Using subjunctive where indicative is needed.

Padrões de frases

___ توسط ___ انجام شد.

آیا ___ ___ شده است؟

___ باید ___ شود.

___ قبلاً ___ شده بود.

Real World Usage

News Report constant

توافق‌نامه امضا شد.

Academic Writing very common

نتایج بررسی شد.

Texting occasional

کار تموم شد؟

Job Interview common

این پروژه توسط من مدیریت شد.

Food Delivery App common

سفارش شما ثبت شد.

Travel/Hotel common

اتاق رزرو شده است.

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos
⚠️

Não exagere no uso!

Falantes nativos de persa preferem a voz ativa. Use a passiva apenas quando o agente for desconhecido ou para soar muito formal, como em: «نامه نوشته شد.»
🎯

Atalho para Verbos Compostos

Para verbos que terminam em 'kardan' (fazer), basta trocar 'kardan' por 'shodan' para torná-lo passivo. Por exemplo, 'bâz kardan' vira «باز شدن».
💬

Polidez e Discrição

Use a voz passiva para evitar culpar alguém diretamente. Em vez de dizer 'Você quebrou o copo', prefira dizer: «فنجان شکسته شد.»

Smart Tips

Use passive to sound objective.

I finished the report. → The report was finished.

Use passive to avoid guessing.

Someone broke the window. → The window was broken.

Use passive to avoid blame.

You made a mistake. → A mistake was made.

Use passive to focus on the steps.

First, you mix the flour. → First, the flour is mixed.

Pronúncia

sho-dan

Shodan

The 'o' is short, like in 'hot'.

Falling

neveshte SHOD.

Statement of fact.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Remember: 'Shodan' is the 'Becoming' verb. If you become something, you are passive.

Associação visual

Imagine a statue being carved. The statue doesn't carve itself; it 'becomes' carved (tarashide shod).

Rhyme

When the doer is gone, use 'shodan' to carry on.

Story

The cake was baked (kik pokhte shod). The kitchen was cleaned (ashpazkhane tamiz shod). The guests were invited (mehman-ha davat shodand). Everything was done by the chef.

Word Web

shodankardeneveshtedidetavasot-eshode

Desafio

Look at 3 objects in your room and describe them using the passive (e.g., 'The lamp was turned on').

Notas culturais

Passive is used to avoid direct confrontation.

Passive is the default for objectivity.

Passive is used to create a sense of fate.

The passive voice in Persian evolved from the use of the verb 'shodan' (to become) with the past participle.

Iniciadores de conversa

“

آیا این کار انجام شده است؟

“

به نظر شما این قانون باید تغییر کند؟

“

در مورد این حادثه چه شنیده‌اید؟

“

آیا این کتاب به فارسی ترجمه شده است؟

Temas para diário

Describe a project you finished.
Write a news report about a local event.
Describe how your favorite dish is prepared.
Discuss a historical event.

Erros comuns

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Complete a frase com a forma passiva correta de 'construir' (sakhtan) no passado.

این خانه ده سال پیش ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ساخته شد
Para formar o passado passivo, usamos o particípio 'sâkhte' mais o auxiliar 'shod'.
Qual frase está corretamente na voz passiva?

Selecione a frase passiva:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کتاب خوانده شد.
'کتاب خوانده شد' (O livro foi lido) segue o padrão particípio + shod.
Corrija o erro nesta frase passiva.

نامه نوشت شد.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نامه نوشته شد.
Você deve incluir o 'e' (ـه) ao final do radical do passado para formar o particípio corretamente.

Score: /3

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct form of shodan.

نامه نوشته ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: شد
Past simple passive.
Which sentence is passive? Múltipla escolha

Choose the passive sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نامه نوشته شد.
Contains 'shodan'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

غذا خورده بود.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: غذا خورده شد.
Passive requires shodan.
Change to passive. Sentence Transformation

او کتاب را خواند.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کتاب خوانده شد.
Past simple passive.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Passive voice always uses 'shodan'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Shodan is the auxiliary.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: کار تمام شد؟ B: بله، ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: تمام شد
Passive response.
Order the words. Sentence Building

شد / نامه / نوشته

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نامه نوشته شد
Correct word order.
Sort by tense. Grammar Sorting

Which is future passive?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نوشته خواهد شد
Future tense of shodan.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Traduza para o persa usando a voz passiva. Tradução

The window was broken.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: پنجره شکسته شد
Ordene as palavras para dizer 'A comida foi comida'. Sentence Reorder

خورده / است / غذا / شده

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: غذا خورده شده است
Preencha a lacuna para o futuro passivo: 'O projeto será finalizado'. Preencher as lacunas

پروژه تمام ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خواهد شد
Escolha a forma correta do presente passivo de 'ver' (didan). Múltipla escolha

This video is being seen by many people.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: دیده می‌شود
Combine o verbo ativo com seu equivalente passivo. Match Pairs

Combine os pares:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نوشت : نوشته شد, خورد : خورده شد, دید : دیده شد
Isto está correto? 'Dars khande shod tavasot-e man.' Error Correction

Identifique o problema com esta frase.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It uses a 'by' phrase which is unnatural.
Complete a passiva negativa: 'A porta não foi aberta'. Preencher as lacunas

در باز ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نشد
Traduza 'A mensagem foi enviada'. Tradução

The message was sent.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: پیام فرستاده شد
Selecione a forma passiva formal para 'será feito'. Múltipla escolha

Como se diz 'Será feito'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: انجام خواهد شد
Reordene: 'A internet / foi / desconectada'. Sentence Reorder

شد / اینترنت / قطع

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اینترنت قطع شد

Score: /10

Perguntas frequentes (8)

Yes, you can conjugate 'shodan' in any tense.

No, it is only used if you must mention the agent.

It provides an objective, detached tone.

No, only transitive verbs can be passive.

'Shodan' is for the process, 'budan' is for the state.

It is less common than in writing but still used.

Add 'na-' to 'shodan'.

Use 'tavasot-e' + person.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

Cadastre-se grátis para praticar

In Other Languages

Spanish high

ser + participio

Spanish uses 'ser', Persian uses 'shodan'.

French high

être + participe passé

French uses 'être', Persian uses 'shodan'.

German high

werden + Partizip II

German is more complex with case endings.

Japanese low

reru/rareru suffix

Persian uses a separate auxiliary verb.

Arabic low

Internal vowel change

Persian uses an auxiliary.

Chinese moderate

bei construction

Persian is more flexible with agent omission.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Voz Passiva: A troca por 'Shodan'

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