Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The Persian passive is formed by combining the past participle of a verb with the conjugated forms of 'shodan' (to become).
- Use the past participle (stem + -e) of the main verb: 'neveshte' (written).
- Add the conjugated form of 'shodan': 'neveshte shod' (it was written).
- The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent, often marked by 'tavasot-e' (by).
Overview
Passive Voice Conjugation (Verb: Neveshtan - to write)
| Tense | Passive Form |
|---|---|
|
Past Simple
|
neveshte shod
|
|
Present Perfect
|
neveshte shode ast
|
|
Past Perfect
|
neveshte shode bud
|
|
Future
|
neveshte khahad shod
|
|
Subjunctive
|
neveshte shavad
|
Meanings
The passive voice shifts the focus from the doer of an action to the receiver of the action.
Standard Passive
Focus on the action's recipient.
“غذا خورده شد.”
“نامه فرستاده شد.”
Formal/Academic
Used in formal reports or news.
“تصمیمات اتخاذ شدند.”
“قانون تصویب شد.”
Resultative Passive
Focus on the state resulting from an action.
“پنجره شکسته شده است.”
“چراغ خاموش شده است.”
Reference Table
| 시제 | 구조 | 예시 (동사: neveshtan) | 의미 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
단순 과거
|
분사 + shod
|
neveshte shod
|
쓰였다
|
|
단순 현재
|
분사 + mi-shavad
|
neveshte mi-shavad
|
쓰인다 / 쓰이고 있다
|
|
현재 완료
|
분사 + shode ast
|
neveshte shode ast
|
쓰여 있다 / 쓰였다
|
|
과거 완료
|
분사 + shode bud
|
neveshte shode bud
|
쓰여 있었다
|
|
미래
|
분사 + khahad shod
|
neveshte khahad shod
|
쓰일 것이다
|
|
과거 진행
|
분사 + mi-shod
|
neveshte mi-shod
|
쓰이고 있었다
|
|
명령형
|
분사 + beshav
|
neveshte beshav!
|
쓰여져라!
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
کار تکمیل گردید. (Work completion)
کار تکمیل شد. (Work completion)
کار تموم شد. (Work completion)
کار ردیف شد. (Work completion)
페르시아어 수동태의 구성 요소
본동사
- 과거 분사 어간 + -e
조동사
- Shodan ~가 되다
능동태 vs 수동태 변환
수동태 만드는 법
타동사(목적어가 있는 동사)인가요?
과거 어간을 찾았나요?
시제에 맞춰 'shodan' 활용하기
주요 수동태 시제
과거
- • shod (~였다)
- • shode bud (~였었다)
현재
- • mi-shavad (~되고 있다)
- • shode ast (~되어 있다)
미래
- • khâhad shod (~될 것이다)
수준별 예문
در باز شد.
The door was opened.
غذا خورده شد.
The food was eaten.
نامه نوشته شد.
The letter was written.
کار انجام شد.
The work was done.
ماشین تعمیر شد.
The car was repaired.
فیلم دیده شد.
The movie was watched.
پول پرداخت شد.
The money was paid.
خانه تمیز شد.
The house was cleaned.
این کتاب توسط حافظ نوشته شده است.
This book has been written by Hafez.
تصمیمات مهمی گرفته شد.
Important decisions were made.
قوانین جدید تصویب شدند.
New laws were passed.
پنجرهها شکسته شده بودند.
The windows had been broken.
گزارش توسط تیم بررسی شد.
The report was reviewed by the team.
پروژه تا فردا تکمیل خواهد شد.
The project will be completed by tomorrow.
بسیاری از مشکلات حل شدهاند.
Many problems have been solved.
آیا این نامه ارسال شده است؟
Has this letter been sent?
این نظریه توسط دانشمندان رد شد.
This theory was rejected by scientists.
باید به این موضوع توجه شود.
This issue must be paid attention to.
در آن زمان، شهر بازسازی میشد.
At that time, the city was being rebuilt.
هیچ راه حلی پیدا نشده بود.
No solution had been found.
این اثر هنری در قرن هجدهم خلق شده است.
This artwork was created in the 18th century.
تمامی جوانب امر در نظر گرفته شد.
All aspects of the matter were taken into consideration.
گفته میشود که او بسیار باهوش است.
It is said that he is very intelligent.
این سنتها باید حفظ شوند.
These traditions must be preserved.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners confuse 'karde ast' (he has done) with 'karde shode ast' (it has been done).
Learners use 'budan' for passive processes.
Learners confuse 'being done' with 'having someone do it'.
자주 하는 실수
karde bud
karde shod
nevesht shod
neveshte shod
shod neveshte
neveshte shod
man neveshte shod
name neveshte shod
karde shode budam
karde shode bud
tavasot-e man neveshte shod
neveshte shod (passive usually drops agent)
shodan neveshte
neveshte shod
neveshte mishod
neveshte shod
neveshte ast
neveshte shode ast
neveshte shodan
neveshte shod
neveshte shode-and
neveshte shode-ast
tavasot-e in kar
ba in kar
neveshte shode budand
neveshte shode bud
neveshte shavad
neveshte shod
문장 패턴
___ توسط ___ انجام شد.
آیا ___ ___ شده است؟
___ باید ___ شود.
___ قبلاً ___ شده بود.
Real World Usage
توافقنامه امضا شد.
نتایج بررسی شد.
کار تموم شد؟
این پروژه توسط من مدیریت شد.
سفارش شما ثبت شد.
اتاق رزرو شده است.
너무 자주 쓰지 마세요!
복합 동사 지름길
부드러운 거절과 책임 회피
Smart Tips
Use passive to sound objective.
Use passive to avoid guessing.
Use passive to avoid blame.
Use passive to focus on the steps.
발음
Shodan
The 'o' is short, like in 'hot'.
Falling
neveshte SHOD.
Statement of fact.
암기하기
기억법
Remember: 'Shodan' is the 'Becoming' verb. If you become something, you are passive.
시각적 연상
Imagine a statue being carved. The statue doesn't carve itself; it 'becomes' carved (tarashide shod).
Rhyme
When the doer is gone, use 'shodan' to carry on.
Story
The cake was baked (kik pokhte shod). The kitchen was cleaned (ashpazkhane tamiz shod). The guests were invited (mehman-ha davat shodand). Everything was done by the chef.
Word Web
챌린지
Look at 3 objects in your room and describe them using the passive (e.g., 'The lamp was turned on').
문화 노트
Passive is used to avoid direct confrontation.
Passive is the default for objectivity.
Passive is used to create a sense of fate.
The passive voice in Persian evolved from the use of the verb 'shodan' (to become) with the past participle.
대화 시작하기
آیا این کار انجام شده است؟
به نظر شما این قانون باید تغییر کند؟
در مورد این حادثه چه شنیدهاید؟
آیا این کتاب به فارسی ترجمه شده است؟
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
این خانه ده سال پیش ___.
수동태 문장을 선택하세요:
نامه نوشت شد.
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesنامه نوشته ___.
Choose the passive sentence.
Find and fix the mistake:
غذا خورده بود.
او کتاب را خواند.
Passive voice always uses 'shodan'.
A: کار تمام شد؟ B: بله، ___.
شد / نامه / نوشته
Which is future passive?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises창문이 깨졌습니다.
خورده / است / غذا / شده
پروژه تمام ___.
이 영상은 많은 사람들에게 보여지고 있습니다.
짝을 맞추세요:
이 문장의 문제점을 찾으세요: 'Dars khande shod tavasot-e man.'
در باز ___.
메시지가 전송되었습니다.
'그것은 수행될 것입니다'를 어떻게 말하나요?
شد / اینترنت / قطع
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Yes, you can conjugate 'shodan' in any tense.
No, it is only used if you must mention the agent.
It provides an objective, detached tone.
No, only transitive verbs can be passive.
'Shodan' is for the process, 'budan' is for the state.
It is less common than in writing but still used.
Add 'na-' to 'shodan'.
Use 'tavasot-e' + person.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
ser + participio
Spanish uses 'ser', Persian uses 'shodan'.
être + participe passé
French uses 'être', Persian uses 'shodan'.
werden + Partizip II
German is more complex with case endings.
reru/rareru suffix
Persian uses a separate auxiliary verb.
Internal vowel change
Persian uses an auxiliary.
bei construction
Persian is more flexible with agent omission.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
격식 있는 페르시아어 미래 시제: 나는 갈 것이다 (khāham raft)
페르시아어 뉴스 방송을 보다가 갑자기 동사가 믿을 수 없을 정도로 극적이고 시적으로 들린다고 상상해 보세요. 택시나 카페에...
과거보다 더 과거: 과거완료 (Past Perfect / گذشته بعید)
Overview 틴더 데이트를 위해 카페에 도착했는데, 상대방이 당신보다 5분 먼저 이미 `rafte budand` (떠나 버렸던) 그 짜증 나는...
반항아 동사: 현재 시제 'To Have' (mi- 접두사 없음!)
Overview 어떤 동사들은 규칙을 따르기를 거부한다는 것을 눈치채신 적이 있나요? 페르시아어에서 `dāshtan`(가지다)은 최고의...
페르시아어 진행형: 'dāštan' 조동사 활용하기
### Overview 페르시아어 문법에서 '진행형'을 표현하는 방식은 한국어 학습자에게 매우 흥미로운 지점입니다. 한국어에서는 '-...
페르시아어 현재 가정법: 의심과 소망 (مضارع التزامی)
Overview 페르시아어 화자들은 불확실함을 즐깁니다. 영어에서는 부정사나 단순한 'that' 절을 사용하지만, 페르시아어에는 아직...
