A1 Sentence Structure 6 min read 쉬움

페르시아어로 '아니요' 말하기: 부정 동사 (نـ, نمیـ)

To make any Persian verb negative, simply attach the prefix 'na-' or 'ne-' to its very beginning.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To make a Persian verb negative, simply add the prefix 'na-' (نَ) or 'ne-' (نِ) to the beginning of the verb.

  • Add 'na-' to most verbs: 'mi-ravam' (I go) becomes 'na-mi-ravam' (I don't go).
  • The prefix 'na-' always attaches directly to the start of the verb stem or prefix.
  • In the verb 'to be' (hastan), the negative form is irregular: 'nistam' (I am not).
na- + Verb = Negative Verb

Overview

끈질긴 길거리 음식 상인에게 '이것을 원하지 않아요'라고 말하려다가 한 글자를 잊어버려서 실수로 '이것을 원해요'라고 말해본 적 있나요? 페르시아어에서 '예'와 '아니요'의 차이는 종종 아주 작은 접두사 نـ (na-) 하나에 달려 있습니다. 이것은 여러분의 어휘력을 위한 궁극의 한 수입니다. 페르시아어 동사가 영화라면, 부정 접두사는 마지막 순간에 모든 것을 바꾸는 반전과 같습니다. 영어처럼 복잡하지 않고, 페르시아어는 매우 일관적입니다. 동사 앞에 'na' 또는 'ne' 소리를 붙이기만 하면 끝입니다.

Word Order Rules

페르시아어는 주어-목적어-동사(SOV) 구조를 따릅니다. 즉, 동사는 항상 문장의 끝에 위치합니다. 문장을 부정문으로 만들 때, 부정 접두사는 문장 맨 끝에 있는 동사에 직접 붙습니다. 영어처럼 'not'을 문장 중간으로 옮기지 않습니다. 예를 들어, '나는 빵을 먹지 않는다'에서 '않는다'는 '먹다'와 합쳐져 있습니다: من نان نمی‌خورم (Man nān nemi-khoram).

How This Grammar Works

여기서의 비결은 접두사 نـ (na-)입니다. 이 접두사는 자석과 같아서 동사구의 가장 중요한 부분에 붙으려 합니다. 현재 시제에서는 진행 표지인 می (mi)에 붙습니다. 과거 시제에서는 과거 어간에 직접 붙습니다. 페르시아어의 멋진 점은 부정을 만들기 위해 조동사가 필요 없다는 것입니다. 동사 자체를 바꾸기만 하면 됩니다. 스마트홈 앱의 스위치라고 생각하세요. 'na' 스위치를 켜면 의미가 반전됩니다.

Formation Pattern

1
동사를 부정으로 만드는 과정은 다음과 같습니다:
2
동사 어간(현재 또는 과거)을 확인합니다.
3
현재 시제: می (mi-) 접두사 앞에 نـ (ne-)를 추가합니다.
4
과거 시제: 과거 어간에 직접 نـ (na-)를 추가합니다.
5
'이다'(am/is/are) 동사: هست (hast) 대신 특별한 단어 نیست (nist)를 사용합니다.
6
'가지다'(have) 동사: 현재 어간에 직접 نـ (na-)를 추가합니다.

Pattern Variations

نـ 규칙이 기본이지만, 자신만의 방식을 고집하는 '셀럽' 동사들이 있습니다. 가장 유명한 것은 '이다' 동사입니다. 현재 시제에서 '나는 ~이다'는 هستم이지만, '나는 ~이 아니다'는 نیستم이 됩니다. 'h' 소리가 사라지고 'n'으로 바뀌는 것에 주목하세요. 또한 테헤란 방언 같은 구어체에서는 نمی‌رومنمی‌رم으로 축약되기도 합니다.

Real Conversations

시나리오 1: 테헤란 북부의 트렌디한 카페에서.

손님

ببخشید، من قهوه نمی‌خورم. چای دارید؟ (죄송합니다, 저는 커피를 안 마셔요. 차가 있나요?)

웨이터

بله، حتماً. (네, 물론이죠.)

시나리오 2: 넷플릭스 드라마에 대해 친구와 문자하기.

친구 A: سریال جدید رو دیدی؟ (새 시리즈 봤어?)

친구 B: نه، هنوز ندیدم. قشنگه؟ (아니, 아직 안 봤어. 재밌어?)

Common Mistakes

초보자들이 가장 많이 하는 실수는 현재 시제 동사를 부정할 때 می (mi)를 잊어버리는 것입니다. من نه روم이라고 말할 수 없습니다. 항상 می를 포함하여 نمی‌روم이라고 해야 합니다. 또 다른 흔한 실수는 동사에 붙는 접두사 대신 단독 단어인 '아니요'(نه)를 동사 앞에 사용하는 것입니다.

Quick FAQ

Q

부정 접두사가 단어의 강조점(stress)을 바꾸나요?

네! 페르시아어에서 강조점은 보통 부정 접두사 نـ에 옵니다.

Q

نه와 부정 동사를 함께 사용할 수 있나요?

물론입니다. 한국어의 '아니요, 안 가요'처럼 نه، نمی‌روم이라고 말할 수 있습니다.

Meanings

Negation is used to express the absence of an action, state, or existence. In Persian, this is primarily achieved through prefixation.

1

Standard Negation

Negating an action or state.

“من نمی‌خورم (I don't eat.)”

“او نمی‌بیند (He/she doesn't see.)”

Negation in Present Tense

Pronoun Positive Negative
Man (I) mi-ravam nemi-ravam
To (You) mi-ravi nemi-ravi
Ou (He/She) mi-ravad nemi-ravad
Ma (We) mi-ravim nemi-ravim
Shoma (You pl.) mi-ravid nemi-ravid
Anha (They) mi-ravand nemi-ravand

Common Contractions

Full Form Colloquial
nemi-ravam nemiram
nemi-danam nemidoonam

Reference Table

Reference table for 페르시아어로 '아니요' 말하기: 부정 동사 (نـ, نمیـ)
Tense/Verb Positive Negative English Translation
Present (Go) می‌روم (miravam) نمی‌روم (nemiravam) I don't go
Past (Went) رفتم (raftam) نرفتم (naraftam) I didn't go
To Be (is) است (ast) نیست (nist) It is not
To Have (have) دارم (dāram) ندارم (nadāram) I don't have
Present (Eat) می‌خورم (mikhoram) نمی‌خورم (nemikhoram) I don't eat
Past (Saw) دیدم (didam) ندیدم (nadidam) I didn't see

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
من نمی‌دانم

من نمی‌دانم (General)

중립
نمی‌دانم

نمی‌دانم (General)

비격식체
نمی‌دونم

نمی‌دونم (General)

속어
نمیدونم

نمیدونم (General)

The Anatomy of a Negative Verb

Negative Verb

Prefixes

  • نـ / نمیـ na / nemi

Exceptions

  • نیست is not (nist)
  • ندارم I don't have (nadāram)

Present vs. Past Negation

Present Tense
نمی‌خورم I don't eat
نمی‌روم I don't go
Past Tense
نخوردم I didn't eat
نرفتم I didn't go

How to Negate a Verb

1

Is the verb 'to be' (am/is/are)?

YES
Use 'nist' forms
NO
Check the tense
2

Is it Present Tense?

YES
Add 'ne' before 'mi'
NO ↓

Common Negative Phrases

💬

Social

  • نمی‌دانم (I don't know)
  • نمی‌توانم (I can't)
🛒

Shopping

  • نمی‌خواهم (I don't want)
  • ندارم (I don't have)

수준별 예문

1

من نمی‌روم

I am not going.

2

او نمی‌خورد

He/she is not eating.

3

ما نمی‌دانیم

We don't know.

4

آن‌ها نمی‌بینند

They don't see.

1

من کتاب را نخریدم

I didn't buy the book.

2

او نمی‌تواند بیاید

He/she cannot come.

3

ما فیلم را ندیدیم

We didn't see the movie.

4

شما نمی‌خواهید بروید

You don't want to go.

1

او هرگز به من نگفت

He never told me.

2

من هنوز نرسیده‌ام

I haven't arrived yet.

3

آن‌ها تصمیم نگرفتند

They didn't decide.

4

ما نمی‌توانستیم صحبت کنیم

We couldn't talk.

1

اگر نمی‌آمدی، بهتر بود

If you hadn't come, it would have been better.

2

او نمی‌خواست که ما برویم

He didn't want us to go.

3

من هیچ‌چیز نمی‌دانستم

I didn't know anything.

4

آن‌ها نباید این کار را می‌کردند

They shouldn't have done this.

1

او نتوانست از عهده کار برآید

He couldn't handle the task.

2

من هرگز چنین چیزی نشنیده‌ام

I have never heard such a thing.

3

او نمی‌بایست آن حرف را می‌زد

He shouldn't have said that.

4

ما نمی‌توانیم از این واقعیت چشم‌پوشی کنیم

We cannot ignore this fact.

1

او نه تنها نیامد، بلکه تماس هم نگرفت

He not only didn't come, but he didn't even call.

2

هیچ‌کس نمی‌تواند این حقیقت را انکار کند

No one can deny this truth.

3

او نخواست که در این بحث شرکت کند

He did not want to participate in this discussion.

4

ما نمی‌توانیم به این سادگی از کنارش بگذریم

We cannot simply pass by it.

혼동하기 쉬운

Saying No in Persian: Negative Verbs (نـ, نمیـ) Na vs Nemi

Learners mix up the standalone 'no' with the prefix.

Saying No in Persian: Negative Verbs (نـ, نمیـ) Nist vs Na

Using 'na' instead of 'nist' for 'to be'.

Saying No in Persian: Negative Verbs (نـ, نمیـ) Past vs Present

Adding 'mi' to past negative.

자주 하는 실수

man na miravam

man nemiravam

Negation is a prefix, not a separate word.

man neravam

man nemiravam

Don't drop the 'mi' prefix in present tense.

na man miravam

man nemiravam

The prefix goes on the verb, not the subject.

nemiravam na

nemiravam

Double negation is not used this way.

naraftam

naraftam

Correct, but ensure you don't add 'mi' to past tense.

nemidanam

nemidoonam

Colloquial vs formal confusion.

nakhahad raft

nakhahad raft

Prefix attaches to the auxiliary in future.

kar nemi-konam

nemi-konam

Prefix attaches to the verb part of compound verbs.

nemi-shodam

nemi-shodam

Consistency in past continuous.

na-goftam

nagoftam

Spelling consistency.

nemi-tavanestam

nemitavanestam

Standardization of prefix.

na-bood

nabood

Verb 'to be' negation.

nemi-bayam

nemi-bayam

Modal negation.

문장 패턴

من ___ نمی‌کنم.

من ___ را ندیدم.

اگر ___ نمی‌کردی، بهتر بود.

من نمی‌توانم ___ کنم.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

nemitoonam biyam

Ordering Food very common

man goosht nemikhoram

Job Interview common

man in barname ra nemishnasam

Travel common

man nemidanam koja beravam

Social Media very common

man in post ra nemipasandam

Customer Service common

man nemitoonam in ra ghabool konam

💡

Stress the 'Na'

In English, we stress the verb. In Persian, emphasize the negative prefix to make sure you are understood.
⚠️

The 'Have' Trap

Never say 'nemi-dāram'. It's always 'nadāram'. This is the most common mistake for beginners!
💬

Tarof and Negatives

Iranians might say 'na' (no) several times before accepting a gift. It's polite, not necessarily a rejection!

Smart Tips

Always combine 'na' and 'mi' into 'nemi'.

na miravam nemiravam

Don't add 'mi'. Just 'na' + past stem.

nemi-raftam naraftam

Attach the prefix to the first part.

kar na-mikardam nemi-kardam

Use 'nemitoonam' instead of just 'na'.

na nemitoonam

발음

NA-mi-ravam

Stress

The stress often shifts to the 'na-' prefix in negative verbs.

Declarative Negative

من نمی‌روم ↓

Falling intonation for a statement.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'na' as a 'No' shield you place in front of your verb to block the action.

시각적 연상

Imagine a giant red 'X' stamp being placed on top of a verb as you say 'na'.

Rhyme

Add 'na' to the start, to keep the action apart.

Story

Ali wanted to go to the park. He said 'miravam'. But it started raining. He added his shield: 'nemiravam'. He stayed home and read a book.

Word Web

naneministnaboodnakhahadnaraft

챌린지

Take 5 verbs you know and turn them all negative in 60 seconds.

문화 노트

Colloquial Tehrani often shortens 'nemi-' to 'ne-' or 'ni-' in very fast speech.

In formal writing, the full 'nemi-' form is always used.

Poets may occasionally use archaic negation forms for rhythm.

The negative prefix 'na-' is a direct descendant of the Proto-Indo-European *ne-.

대화 시작하기

آیا شما قهوه می‌خورید؟

آیا این فیلم را دیده‌اید؟

آیا می‌خواهید به مهمانی بیایید؟

آیا با این نظر موافق هستید؟

일기 주제

Write about 3 things you don't like to eat.
Describe a day where nothing went right.
Explain why you don't agree with a popular opinion.
Reflect on a past mistake you wish you hadn't made.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank to make the verb negative.

من نان ___‌خورم. (I don't eat bread)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نمی
In the present tense, the negative prefix 'ne-' attaches to 'mi-', forming 'nemi-'.
Find the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

او دیروز به پارک نه رفت.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او دیروز به پارک نرفت.
The negative prefix 'na-' must be attached directly to the verb 'raft', not written as a separate word 'na'.
Put the words in the correct Persian order. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من پول ندارم
Persian word order is Subject + Object + Verb. 'Nadāram' (the verb) must go at the end.

Score: /3

연습 문제

8 exercises
Negate the verb: Man ___ (miravam).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nemiravam
Prefix 'na-' attaches to 'mi-'.
Which is correct? 객관식

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: naraftam
Past negation is 'na' + stem.
Fix: Man na midanam. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man nemidanam
Prefix must be attached.
Change to negative: Man miravam. Sentence Transformation

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man nemiravam
Standard negation.
Negate: Ou miravad. Conjugation Drill

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ou nemiravad
Prefix 'na' + 'mi'.
Match: Naraftam to English. Match Pairs

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I didn't go
Past negative.
Build: (Man) (nemi-danam) (in ra). Sentence Building

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are correct
Word order is flexible.
Is 'na-' a separate word? True False Rule

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is a prefix.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete the sentence with the negative form of 'to be'. 빈칸 채우기

این ماشین گران ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نیست
Translate to Persian. 번역

I did not see.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ندیدم
Which is the correct negative for 'Dāram' (I have)? 객관식

Negative of 'دارم':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ندارم
Match the positive verb to its negative counterpart. Match Pairs

Match the pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all
Correct the verb in this sentence: 'Man nemi-khābam.' Error Correction

Man nemi-khābam. (I am not sleeping)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct as is
Put the words in order. Sentence Reorder

Arrange: [نمی‌کند] [او] [کار]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او کار نمی‌کند
Fill in the negative prefix. 빈칸 채우기

آنها ___‌توانند بیایند.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نمی
How do you say 'Don't go' (informal)? 객관식

Don't go!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نرو
Translate 'It was not' to Persian. 번역

It was not.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نبود
Fix the mistake: 'Mā ghazā nemi-khorim.' Error Correction

Mā ghazā nemi-khorim. (We are not eating food)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct as is

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

Only as an interjection meaning 'no'. Inside a sentence, it must be a prefix.

It stays! 'na-' + 'mi-' = 'nemi-'.

Yes, but past tense doesn't have 'mi-', so it's just 'na-' + verb.

Use 'nistam'. It is an irregular form.

It is used in both. The pronunciation might change in informal speech.

Yes, attach the prefix to the first part of the compound verb.

It's a phonetic variation of 'na-' before 'mi-'.

No, Persian does not use double negatives like some other languages.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

no + verb

Persian is a prefix; Spanish is a separate word.

French low

ne...pas

French uses two parts; Persian uses one.

German low

nicht

German is a separate particle; Persian is a prefix.

Japanese moderate

-nai

Persian is a prefix; Japanese is a suffix.

Arabic moderate

la / lam / lan

Persian is more consistent across tenses.

Chinese low

bu / mei

Chinese is particle-based; Persian is prefix-based.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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