A1 Sentence Structure 6 min read 简单

在波斯语中说“不”：否定动词 (نـ, نمیـ)

To make any Persian verb negative, simply attach the prefix 'na-' or 'ne-' to its very beginning.
标记为已学
开始练习

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To make a Persian verb negative, simply add the prefix 'na-' (نَ) or 'ne-' (نِ) to the beginning of the verb.

  • Add 'na-' to most verbs: 'mi-ravam' (I go) becomes 'na-mi-ravam' (I don't go).
  • The prefix 'na-' always attaches directly to the start of the verb stem or prefix.
  • In the verb 'to be' (hastan), the negative form is irregular: 'nistam' (I am not).
na- + Verb = Negative Verb

Overview

有没有试过想对街头小贩说“我不要这个”，却因为忘了一个字母而误说成“我要这个”？在波斯语中，“是”和“不”的区别往往只是一个小小的前缀 نـ (na-)。这是你词汇量的终极必杀技。如果波斯语动词是一部电影，否定前缀就是最后时刻改变一切的剧情反转。不像英语或汉语那样使用独立的否定词，波斯语将其直接融合在动词中。

Word Order Rules

波斯语遵循主-宾-谓（SOV）结构。这意味着动词总是像电子游戏里的最终Boss一样位于句末。当你把句子变成否定句时，否定前缀会直接附着在句末的动词上。你不需要把“不”字移到句子中间。例如，在“我面包不吃”中，“不”是和“吃”融合在一起的：من نان نمی‌خورم (Man nān nemi-khoram)。

How This Grammar Works

这里的秘密武器是前缀 نـ (na-)。这个前缀就像磁铁一样，它想粘在动词短语中等级最高的部分。在现在时中，它粘在进行标记 می (mi) 上。在过去时中，它直接粘在词干上。波斯语不需要助动词来构成否定。你只需要改变动词本身。把它想象成智能家居App上的开关：打开“na”开关，整个意思就反转了。

Formation Pattern

1
使动词变否定遵循特定的步骤：
2
确定动词词干（现在时或过去时）。
3
现在时：在 می (mi-) 前缀前加上 نـ (ne-)。
4
过去时：在过去时词干前直接加上 نـ (na-)。
5
“是”（am/is/are）动词：使用特殊单词 نیست (nist) 代替 هست (hast)。
6
“有”（have）动词：在现在时词干前直接加上 نـ (na-)。

Pattern Variations

虽然 نـ 规则是核心，但也有一些“明星”动词有自己的规则。最著名的是“是”动词。在现在时，“我是”是 هستم，但“我不是”是 نیستم。注意“h”音是如何消失并被“n”取代的。此外，在德黑兰口语中，نمی‌روم 经常缩写为 نمی‌رم。

Real Conversations

场景1：在德黑兰北部的一家时尚咖啡馆。

顾客：ببخشید، من قهوه نمی‌خورم. چای دارید؟ (对不起，我不喝咖啡。有茶吗？)

服务员：بله، حتماً. (有的，当然。)

场景2：给朋友发短信讨论Netflix剧集。

朋友A：سریال جدید رو دیدی؟ (看新剧了吗？)

朋友B：نه، هنوز ندیدم. قشنگه؟ (没，还没看。好看吗？)

Common Mistakes

初学者最大的陷阱是在否定现在时动词时忘记 می (mi)。你不能说 من نه روم。一定要保留 می：نمی‌روم。另一个常见错误是使用独立的单词“不”(نه)而不是附着在动词上的前缀。

Quick FAQ

问：否定前缀会改变单词重音吗？
答：是的！在波斯语中，重音通常落在否定前缀 نـ 上。
问：我可以同时使用 نه 和否定动词吗？
答：当然可以。就像汉语里说“不，我不去”一样，你可以说 نه، نمی‌روم。

Meanings

Negation is used to express the absence of an action, state, or existence. In Persian, this is primarily achieved through prefixation.

1

Standard Negation

Negating an action or state.

“من نمی‌خورم (I don't eat.)”

“او نمی‌بیند (He/she doesn't see.)”

Negation in Present Tense

Pronoun Positive Negative
Man (I) mi-ravam nemi-ravam
To (You) mi-ravi nemi-ravi
Ou (He/She) mi-ravad nemi-ravad
Ma (We) mi-ravim nemi-ravim
Shoma (You pl.) mi-ravid nemi-ravid
Anha (They) mi-ravand nemi-ravand

Common Contractions

Full Form Colloquial
nemi-ravam nemiram
nemi-danam nemidoonam

Reference Table

Reference table for 在波斯语中说“不”：否定动词 (نـ, نمیـ)
Tense/Verb Positive Negative English Translation
Present (Go) می‌روم (miravam) نمی‌روم (nemiravam) I don't go
Past (Went) رفتم (raftam) نرفتم (naraftam) I didn't go
To Be (is) است (ast) نیست (nist) It is not
To Have (have) دارم (dāram) ندارم (nadāram) I don't have
Present (Eat) می‌خورم (mikhoram) نمی‌خورم (nemikhoram) I don't eat
Past (Saw) دیدم (didam) ندیدم (nadidam) I didn't see

正式程度

正式
من نمی‌دانم

من نمی‌دانم (General)

中性
نمی‌دانم

نمی‌دانم (General)

非正式
نمی‌دونم

نمی‌دونم (General)

俚语
نمیدونم

نمیدونم (General)

The Anatomy of a Negative Verb

Negative Verb

Prefixes

  • نـ / نمیـ na / nemi

Exceptions

  • نیست is not (nist)
  • ندارم I don't have (nadāram)

Present vs. Past Negation

Present Tense
نمی‌خورم I don't eat
نمی‌روم I don't go
Past Tense
نخوردم I didn't eat
نرفتم I didn't go

How to Negate a Verb

1

Is the verb 'to be' (am/is/are)?

YES
Use 'nist' forms
NO
Check the tense
2

Is it Present Tense?

YES
Add 'ne' before 'mi'
NO ↓

Common Negative Phrases

💬

Social

  • • نمی‌دانم (I don't know)
  • • نمی‌توانم (I can't)
🛒

Shopping

  • • نمی‌خواهم (I don't want)
  • • ندارم (I don't have)
免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

1

من نمی‌روم

I am not going.

2

او نمی‌خورد

He/she is not eating.

3

ما نمی‌دانیم

We don't know.

4

آن‌ها نمی‌بینند

They don't see.

1

من کتاب را نخریدم

I didn't buy the book.

2

او نمی‌تواند بیاید

He/she cannot come.

3

ما فیلم را ندیدیم

We didn't see the movie.

4

شما نمی‌خواهید بروید

You don't want to go.

1

او هرگز به من نگفت

He never told me.

2

من هنوز نرسیده‌ام

I haven't arrived yet.

3

آن‌ها تصمیم نگرفتند

They didn't decide.

4

ما نمی‌توانستیم صحبت کنیم

We couldn't talk.

1

اگر نمی‌آمدی، بهتر بود

If you hadn't come, it would have been better.

2

او نمی‌خواست که ما برویم

He didn't want us to go.

3

من هیچ‌چیز نمی‌دانستم

I didn't know anything.

4

آن‌ها نباید این کار را می‌کردند

They shouldn't have done this.

1

او نتوانست از عهده کار برآید

He couldn't handle the task.

2

من هرگز چنین چیزی نشنیده‌ام

I have never heard such a thing.

3

او نمی‌بایست آن حرف را می‌زد

He shouldn't have said that.

4

ما نمی‌توانیم از این واقعیت چشم‌پوشی کنیم

We cannot ignore this fact.

1

او نه تنها نیامد، بلکه تماس هم نگرفت

He not only didn't come, but he didn't even call.

2

هیچ‌کس نمی‌تواند این حقیقت را انکار کند

No one can deny this truth.

3

او نخواست که در این بحث شرکت کند

He did not want to participate in this discussion.

4

ما نمی‌توانیم به این سادگی از کنارش بگذریم

We cannot simply pass by it.

容易混淆

Saying No in Persian: Negative Verbs (نـ, نمیـ) 对比 Na vs Nemi

Learners mix up the standalone 'no' with the prefix.

Saying No in Persian: Negative Verbs (نـ, نمیـ) 对比 Nist vs Na

Using 'na' instead of 'nist' for 'to be'.

Saying No in Persian: Negative Verbs (نـ, نمیـ) 对比 Past vs Present

Adding 'mi' to past negative.

常见错误

✗

man na miravam

✓

man nemiravam

Negation is a prefix, not a separate word.
✗

man neravam

✓

man nemiravam

Don't drop the 'mi' prefix in present tense.
✗

na man miravam

✓

man nemiravam

The prefix goes on the verb, not the subject.
✗

nemiravam na

✓

nemiravam

Double negation is not used this way.
✗

naraftam

✓

naraftam

Correct, but ensure you don't add 'mi' to past tense.
✗

nemidanam

✓

nemidoonam

Colloquial vs formal confusion.
✗

nakhahad raft

✓

nakhahad raft

Prefix attaches to the auxiliary in future.
✗

kar nemi-konam

✓

nemi-konam

Prefix attaches to the verb part of compound verbs.
✗

nemi-shodam

✓

nemi-shodam

Consistency in past continuous.
✗

na-goftam

✓

nagoftam

Spelling consistency.
✗

nemi-tavanestam

✓

nemitavanestam

Standardization of prefix.
✗

na-bood

✓

nabood

Verb 'to be' negation.
✗

nemi-bayam

✓

nemi-bayam

Modal negation.

句型

من ___ نمی‌کنم.

من ___ را ندیدم.

اگر ___ نمی‌کردی، بهتر بود.

من نمی‌توانم ___ کنم.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

nemitoonam biyam

Ordering Food very common

man goosht nemikhoram

Job Interview common

man in barname ra nemishnasam

Travel common

man nemidanam koja beravam

Social Media very common

man in post ra nemipasandam

Customer Service common

man nemitoonam in ra ghabool konam

免费注册查看所有例句
💡

Stress the 'Na'

In English, we stress the verb. In Persian, emphasize the negative prefix to make sure you are understood.
⚠️

The 'Have' Trap

Never say 'nemi-dāram'. It's always 'nadāram'. This is the most common mistake for beginners!
💬

Tarof and Negatives

Iranians might say 'na' (no) several times before accepting a gift. It's polite, not necessarily a rejection!

Smart Tips

Always combine 'na' and 'mi' into 'nemi'.

na miravam → nemiravam

Don't add 'mi'. Just 'na' + past stem.

nemi-raftam → naraftam

Attach the prefix to the first part.

kar na-mikardam → nemi-kardam

Use 'nemitoonam' instead of just 'na'.

na → nemitoonam

发音

NA-mi-ravam

Stress

The stress often shifts to the 'na-' prefix in negative verbs.

Declarative Negative

من نمی‌روم ↓

Falling intonation for a statement.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'na' as a 'No' shield you place in front of your verb to block the action.

视觉联想

Imagine a giant red 'X' stamp being placed on top of a verb as you say 'na'.

Rhyme

Add 'na' to the start, to keep the action apart.

Story

Ali wanted to go to the park. He said 'miravam'. But it started raining. He added his shield: 'nemiravam'. He stayed home and read a book.

Word Web

naneministnaboodnakhahadnaraft

挑战

Take 5 verbs you know and turn them all negative in 60 seconds.

文化笔记

Colloquial Tehrani often shortens 'nemi-' to 'ne-' or 'ni-' in very fast speech.

In formal writing, the full 'nemi-' form is always used.

Poets may occasionally use archaic negation forms for rhythm.

The negative prefix 'na-' is a direct descendant of the Proto-Indo-European *ne-.

对话开场白

“

آیا شما قهوه می‌خورید؟

“

آیا این فیلم را دیده‌اید؟

“

آیا می‌خواهید به مهمانی بیایید؟

“

آیا با این نظر موافق هستید؟

日记主题

Write about 3 things you don't like to eat.
Describe a day where nothing went right.
Explain why you don't agree with a popular opinion.
Reflect on a past mistake you wish you hadn't made.
Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank to make the verb negative.

من نان ___‌خورم. (I don't eat bread)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نمی
In the present tense, the negative prefix 'ne-' attaches to 'mi-', forming 'nemi-'.
Find the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

او دیروز به پارک نه رفت.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او دیروز به پارک نرفت.
The negative prefix 'na-' must be attached directly to the verb 'raft', not written as a separate word 'na'.
Put the words in the correct Persian order. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من پول ندارم
Persian word order is Subject + Object + Verb. 'Nadāram' (the verb) must go at the end.

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Negate the verb: Man ___ (miravam).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nemiravam
Prefix 'na-' attaches to 'mi-'.
Which is correct? 多项选择

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: naraftam
Past negation is 'na' + stem.
Fix: Man na midanam. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man nemidanam
Prefix must be attached.
Change to negative: Man miravam. Sentence Transformation

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man nemiravam
Standard negation.
Negate: Ou miravad. Conjugation Drill

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ou nemiravad
Prefix 'na' + 'mi'.
Match: Naraftam to English. Match Pairs

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I didn't go
Past negative.
Build: (Man) (nemi-danam) (in ra). Sentence Building

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are correct
Word order is flexible.
Is 'na-' a separate word? True False Rule

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is a prefix.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete the sentence with the negative form of 'to be'. 填空

این ماشین گران ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نیست
Translate to Persian. 翻译

I did not see.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ندیدم
Which is the correct negative for 'Dāram' (I have)? 多项选择

Negative of 'دارم':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ندارم
Match the positive verb to its negative counterpart. Match Pairs

Match the pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all
Correct the verb in this sentence: 'Man nemi-khābam.' Error Correction

Man nemi-khābam. (I am not sleeping)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct as is
Put the words in order. Sentence Reorder

Arrange: [نمی‌کند] [او] [کار]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او کار نمی‌کند
Fill in the negative prefix. 填空

آنها ___‌توانند بیایند.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نمی
How do you say 'Don't go' (informal)? 多项选择

Don't go!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نرو
Translate 'It was not' to Persian. 翻译

It was not.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نبود
Fix the mistake: 'Mā ghazā nemi-khorim.' Error Correction

Mā ghazā nemi-khorim. (We are not eating food)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct as is

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

Only as an interjection meaning 'no'. Inside a sentence, it must be a prefix.

It stays! 'na-' + 'mi-' = 'nemi-'.

Yes, but past tense doesn't have 'mi-', so it's just 'na-' + verb.

Use 'nistam'. It is an irregular form.

It is used in both. The pronunciation might change in informal speech.

Yes, attach the prefix to the first part of the compound verb.

It's a phonetic variation of 'na-' before 'mi-'.

No, Persian does not use double negatives like some other languages.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

免费注册开始练习

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

no + verb

Persian is a prefix; Spanish is a separate word.

French low

ne...pas

French uses two parts; Persian uses one.

German low

nicht

German is a separate particle; Persian is a prefix.

Japanese moderate

-nai

Persian is a prefix; Japanese is a suffix.

Arabic moderate

la / lam / lan

Persian is more consistent across tenses.

Chinese low

bu / mei

Chinese is particle-based; Persian is prefix-based.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
波斯语现在时：我去，你去 (mi-)
Next
如何在波斯语中提问 (آیا, 语调与疑问词)

Related Grammar Rules

B1

梦想与建议：波斯语“如果我是……”条件句 (اگر)

### Overview 在波斯语中，表达“如果……我就……”的假设情况时，我们使用第二类条件句（Conditional Type 2）。这对于B1水平的学习...
A2

波斯语的“把/了”：直接宾语标记 (را) 的用法

Overview The Persian direct object marker `را` (`rā`) is a critical postpositional particle that precisely indicates a *...
A1

隐形胶水：用 Ezafe (-e) 连接单词

Overview Persian sentence structure often relies on a subtle yet fundamental grammatical element known as the **Ezafe**...
B2

波斯语结果从句：太……以至于…… (ānqadr... ke)

Overview The Persian grammatical construction **`آنقَدر... که`** (`ānqadr... ke`), translating directly to "so much/litt...
A1

波斯语句子三明治 (SOV 语序)

Overview Persian, a member of the Indo-European language family, fundamentally structures its declarative sentences arou...
Was this helpful?

评论 (0)

登录后评论
还没有评论。成为第一个分享想法的人！