A1 Sentence Structure 6 min read Fácil

Dizer 'Não' em persa: Verbos negativos (نـ, نمیـ)

To make any Persian verb negative, simply attach the prefix 'na-' or 'ne-' to its very beginning.
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Pratique

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To make a Persian verb negative, simply add the prefix 'na-' (نَ) or 'ne-' (نِ) to the beginning of the verb.

  • Add 'na-' to most verbs: 'mi-ravam' (I go) becomes 'na-mi-ravam' (I don't go).
  • The prefix 'na-' always attaches directly to the start of the verb stem or prefix.
  • In the verb 'to be' (hastan), the negative form is irregular: 'nistam' (I am not).
na- + Verb = Negative Verb

Overview

Já tentou dizer a um vendedor de rua persistente 'eu não quero isso', mas acabou dizendo 'eu quero isso' porque esqueceu uma única letra? Em persa, a diferença entre 'sim' e 'não' é muitas vezes apenas o minúsculo prefixo نـ (na-). É o movimento de poder supremo para o seu vocabulário.
Se os verbos persas fossem um filme, o prefixo negativo seria a reviravolta na história que muda tudo no último segundo. Ao contrário do português, onde usamos 'não' antes do verbo, o persa funde a negação diretamente com a palavra.

Word Order Rules

O persa segue uma estrutura Sujeito-Objeto-Verbo (SOV). Isso significa que o verbo sempre fica no final da frase. Quando você torna uma frase negativa, o prefixo negativo se une diretamente a esse verbo no final.
Você não move o 'não' para o meio da frase. Por exemplo, em 'Eu pão não como', o 'não' está fundido com o 'como': من نان نمی‌خورم (Man nān nemi-khoram).

How This Grammar Works

O ingrediente secreto é o prefixo نـ (na-). Este prefixo é como um íman; ele quer se colar à parte mais importante da frase verbal. No presente, ele se cola ao marcador progressivo می (mi).
No passado, ele se cola diretamente ao radical. O legal é que o persa não usa verbos auxiliares para negar. Você apenas muda o próprio verbo.
É como um interruptor: ligue o 'na' e o significado se inverte.

Formation Pattern

1
Negar um verbo segue um processo passo a passo:
2
Identifique o radical do verbo (Presente ou Passado).
3
Para o Presente: Adicione نـ (ne-) antes do prefixo می (mi-).
4
Para o Passado: Adicione نـ (na-) diretamente ao radical do passado.
5
Para o verbo 'ser/estar': Use a palavra especial نیست (nist).
6
Para o verbo 'ter': Adicione نـ (na-) diretamente ao radical do presente.

Pattern Variations

Embora a regra do نـ seja soberana, há verbos 'celebridades' que fazem as coisas do seu jeito. O mais famoso é 'ser'. No presente, 'eu sou' é هستم, mas 'eu não sou' é نیستم. Note como o 'h' desaparece. Outra variação ocorre no persa falado de Teerã, onde نمی‌روم encolhe para نمی‌رم.

Real Conversations

Cenário 1: Em um café moderno no norte de Teerã.

C

Cliente

ببخشید، من قهوه نمی‌خورم. چای دارید؟ (Desculpe, eu não bebo café. Vocês têm chá?)
G

Garçom

بله، حتماً. (Sim, com certeza.)

Cenário 2: Mandando mensagem para um amigo sobre uma série da Netflix.

Amigo A: سریال جدید رو دیدی؟ (Viu a série nova?)

Amigo B: نه، هنوز ندیدم. قشنگه؟ (Não, ainda não vi. É boa?)

Common Mistakes

A maior armadilha para iniciantes é esquecer o می (mi) ao negar o presente. Você não pode dizer من نه روم. Mantenha sempre o می: نمی‌روم. Outro erro comum é usar a palavra نه (não) separada em vez do prefixo unido ao verbo.

Quick FAQ

P: O prefixo negativo muda a sílaba tônica?

R: Sim! Em persa, a ênfase geralmente cai no prefixo negativo نـ.

P: Posso usar نه e o verbo negativo juntos?

R: Com certeza. Como em português, você pode dizer 'Não, não vou' (نه، نمی‌روم).

Meanings

Negation is used to express the absence of an action, state, or existence. In Persian, this is primarily achieved through prefixation.

1

Standard Negation

Negating an action or state.

“من نمی‌خورم (I don't eat.)”

“او نمی‌بیند (He/she doesn't see.)”

Negation in Present Tense

Pronoun Positive Negative
Man (I) mi-ravam nemi-ravam
To (You) mi-ravi nemi-ravi
Ou (He/She) mi-ravad nemi-ravad
Ma (We) mi-ravim nemi-ravim
Shoma (You pl.) mi-ravid nemi-ravid
Anha (They) mi-ravand nemi-ravand

Common Contractions

Full Form Colloquial
nemi-ravam nemiram
nemi-danam nemidoonam

Reference Table

Reference table for Dizer 'Não' em persa: Verbos negativos (نـ, نمیـ)
Tense/Verb Positive Negative English Translation
Present (Go) می‌روم (miravam) نمی‌روم (nemiravam) I don't go
Past (Went) رفتم (raftam) نرفتم (naraftam) I didn't go
To Be (is) است (ast) نیست (nist) It is not
To Have (have) دارم (dāram) ندارم (nadāram) I don't have
Present (Eat) می‌خورم (mikhoram) نمی‌خورم (nemikhoram) I don't eat
Past (Saw) دیدم (didam) ندیدم (nadidam) I didn't see

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
من نمی‌دانم

من نمی‌دانم (General)

Neutro
نمی‌دانم

نمی‌دانم (General)

Informal
نمی‌دونم

نمی‌دونم (General)

Gíria
نمیدونم

نمیدونم (General)

The Anatomy of a Negative Verb

Negative Verb

Prefixes

  • نـ / نمیـ na / nemi

Exceptions

  • نیست is not (nist)
  • ندارم I don't have (nadāram)

Present vs. Past Negation

Present Tense
نمی‌خورم I don't eat
نمی‌روم I don't go
Past Tense
نخوردم I didn't eat
نرفتم I didn't go

How to Negate a Verb

1

Is the verb 'to be' (am/is/are)?

YES
Use 'nist' forms
NO
Check the tense
2

Is it Present Tense?

YES
Add 'ne' before 'mi'
NO ↓

Common Negative Phrases

💬

Social

  • • نمی‌دانم (I don't know)
  • • نمی‌توانم (I can't)
🛒

Shopping

  • • نمی‌خواهم (I don't want)
  • • ندارم (I don't have)
Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Exemplos por nível

1

من نمی‌روم

I am not going.

2

او نمی‌خورد

He/she is not eating.

3

ما نمی‌دانیم

We don't know.

4

آن‌ها نمی‌بینند

They don't see.

1

من کتاب را نخریدم

I didn't buy the book.

2

او نمی‌تواند بیاید

He/she cannot come.

3

ما فیلم را ندیدیم

We didn't see the movie.

4

شما نمی‌خواهید بروید

You don't want to go.

1

او هرگز به من نگفت

He never told me.

2

من هنوز نرسیده‌ام

I haven't arrived yet.

3

آن‌ها تصمیم نگرفتند

They didn't decide.

4

ما نمی‌توانستیم صحبت کنیم

We couldn't talk.

1

اگر نمی‌آمدی، بهتر بود

If you hadn't come, it would have been better.

2

او نمی‌خواست که ما برویم

He didn't want us to go.

3

من هیچ‌چیز نمی‌دانستم

I didn't know anything.

4

آن‌ها نباید این کار را می‌کردند

They shouldn't have done this.

1

او نتوانست از عهده کار برآید

He couldn't handle the task.

2

من هرگز چنین چیزی نشنیده‌ام

I have never heard such a thing.

3

او نمی‌بایست آن حرف را می‌زد

He shouldn't have said that.

4

ما نمی‌توانیم از این واقعیت چشم‌پوشی کنیم

We cannot ignore this fact.

1

او نه تنها نیامد، بلکه تماس هم نگرفت

He not only didn't come, but he didn't even call.

2

هیچ‌کس نمی‌تواند این حقیقت را انکار کند

No one can deny this truth.

3

او نخواست که در این بحث شرکت کند

He did not want to participate in this discussion.

4

ما نمی‌توانیم به این سادگی از کنارش بگذریم

We cannot simply pass by it.

Fácil de confundir

Saying No in Persian: Negative Verbs (نـ, نمیـ) vs Na vs Nemi

Learners mix up the standalone 'no' with the prefix.

Saying No in Persian: Negative Verbs (نـ, نمیـ) vs Nist vs Na

Using 'na' instead of 'nist' for 'to be'.

Saying No in Persian: Negative Verbs (نـ, نمیـ) vs Past vs Present

Adding 'mi' to past negative.

Erros comuns

✗

man na miravam

✓

man nemiravam

Negation is a prefix, not a separate word.
✗

man neravam

✓

man nemiravam

Don't drop the 'mi' prefix in present tense.
✗

na man miravam

✓

man nemiravam

The prefix goes on the verb, not the subject.
✗

nemiravam na

✓

nemiravam

Double negation is not used this way.
✗

naraftam

✓

naraftam

Correct, but ensure you don't add 'mi' to past tense.
✗

nemidanam

✓

nemidoonam

Colloquial vs formal confusion.
✗

nakhahad raft

✓

nakhahad raft

Prefix attaches to the auxiliary in future.
✗

kar nemi-konam

✓

nemi-konam

Prefix attaches to the verb part of compound verbs.
✗

nemi-shodam

✓

nemi-shodam

Consistency in past continuous.
✗

na-goftam

✓

nagoftam

Spelling consistency.
✗

nemi-tavanestam

✓

nemitavanestam

Standardization of prefix.
✗

na-bood

✓

nabood

Verb 'to be' negation.
✗

nemi-bayam

✓

nemi-bayam

Modal negation.

Padrões de frases

من ___ نمی‌کنم.

من ___ را ندیدم.

اگر ___ نمی‌کردی، بهتر بود.

من نمی‌توانم ___ کنم.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

nemitoonam biyam

Ordering Food very common

man goosht nemikhoram

Job Interview common

man in barname ra nemishnasam

Travel common

man nemidanam koja beravam

Social Media very common

man in post ra nemipasandam

Customer Service common

man nemitoonam in ra ghabool konam

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos
💡

Stress the 'Na'

In English, we stress the verb. In Persian, emphasize the negative prefix to make sure you are understood.
⚠️

The 'Have' Trap

Never say 'nemi-dāram'. It's always 'nadāram'. This is the most common mistake for beginners!
💬

Tarof and Negatives

Iranians might say 'na' (no) several times before accepting a gift. It's polite, not necessarily a rejection!

Smart Tips

Always combine 'na' and 'mi' into 'nemi'.

na miravam → nemiravam

Don't add 'mi'. Just 'na' + past stem.

nemi-raftam → naraftam

Attach the prefix to the first part.

kar na-mikardam → nemi-kardam

Use 'nemitoonam' instead of just 'na'.

na → nemitoonam

Pronúncia

NA-mi-ravam

Stress

The stress often shifts to the 'na-' prefix in negative verbs.

Declarative Negative

من نمی‌روم ↓

Falling intonation for a statement.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'na' as a 'No' shield you place in front of your verb to block the action.

Associação visual

Imagine a giant red 'X' stamp being placed on top of a verb as you say 'na'.

Rhyme

Add 'na' to the start, to keep the action apart.

Story

Ali wanted to go to the park. He said 'miravam'. But it started raining. He added his shield: 'nemiravam'. He stayed home and read a book.

Word Web

naneministnaboodnakhahadnaraft

Desafio

Take 5 verbs you know and turn them all negative in 60 seconds.

Notas culturais

Colloquial Tehrani often shortens 'nemi-' to 'ne-' or 'ni-' in very fast speech.

In formal writing, the full 'nemi-' form is always used.

Poets may occasionally use archaic negation forms for rhythm.

The negative prefix 'na-' is a direct descendant of the Proto-Indo-European *ne-.

Iniciadores de conversa

“

آیا شما قهوه می‌خورید؟

“

آیا این فیلم را دیده‌اید؟

“

آیا می‌خواهید به مهمانی بیایید؟

“

آیا با این نظر موافق هستید؟

Temas para diário

Write about 3 things you don't like to eat.
Describe a day where nothing went right.
Explain why you don't agree with a popular opinion.
Reflect on a past mistake you wish you hadn't made.
Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank to make the verb negative.

من نان ___‌خورم. (I don't eat bread)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نمی
In the present tense, the negative prefix 'ne-' attaches to 'mi-', forming 'nemi-'.
Find the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

او دیروز به پارک نه رفت.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او دیروز به پارک نرفت.
The negative prefix 'na-' must be attached directly to the verb 'raft', not written as a separate word 'na'.
Put the words in the correct Persian order. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من پول ندارم
Persian word order is Subject + Object + Verb. 'Nadāram' (the verb) must go at the end.

Score: /3

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Negate the verb: Man ___ (miravam).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nemiravam
Prefix 'na-' attaches to 'mi-'.
Which is correct? Múltipla escolha

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: naraftam
Past negation is 'na' + stem.
Fix: Man na midanam. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man nemidanam
Prefix must be attached.
Change to negative: Man miravam. Sentence Transformation

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man nemiravam
Standard negation.
Negate: Ou miravad. Conjugation Drill

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ou nemiravad
Prefix 'na' + 'mi'.
Match: Naraftam to English. Match Pairs

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I didn't go
Past negative.
Build: (Man) (nemi-danam) (in ra). Sentence Building

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are correct
Word order is flexible.
Is 'na-' a separate word? True False Rule

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is a prefix.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete the sentence with the negative form of 'to be'. Preencher as lacunas

این ماشین گران ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نیست
Translate to Persian. Tradução

I did not see.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ندیدم
Which is the correct negative for 'Dāram' (I have)? Múltipla escolha

Negative of 'دارم':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ندارم
Match the positive verb to its negative counterpart. Match Pairs

Match the pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all
Correct the verb in this sentence: 'Man nemi-khābam.' Error Correction

Man nemi-khābam. (I am not sleeping)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct as is
Put the words in order. Sentence Reorder

Arrange: [نمی‌کند] [او] [کار]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او کار نمی‌کند
Fill in the negative prefix. Preencher as lacunas

آنها ___‌توانند بیایند.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نمی
How do you say 'Don't go' (informal)? Múltipla escolha

Don't go!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نرو
Translate 'It was not' to Persian. Tradução

It was not.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نبود
Fix the mistake: 'Mā ghazā nemi-khorim.' Error Correction

Mā ghazā nemi-khorim. (We are not eating food)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct as is

Score: /10

Perguntas frequentes (8)

Only as an interjection meaning 'no'. Inside a sentence, it must be a prefix.

It stays! 'na-' + 'mi-' = 'nemi-'.

Yes, but past tense doesn't have 'mi-', so it's just 'na-' + verb.

Use 'nistam'. It is an irregular form.

It is used in both. The pronunciation might change in informal speech.

Yes, attach the prefix to the first part of the compound verb.

It's a phonetic variation of 'na-' before 'mi-'.

No, Persian does not use double negatives like some other languages.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

Cadastre-se grátis para praticar

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

no + verb

Persian is a prefix; Spanish is a separate word.

French low

ne...pas

French uses two parts; Persian uses one.

German low

nicht

German is a separate particle; Persian is a prefix.

Japanese moderate

-nai

Persian is a prefix; Japanese is a suffix.

Arabic moderate

la / lam / lan

Persian is more consistent across tenses.

Chinese low

bu / mei

Chinese is particle-based; Persian is prefix-based.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Presente em Persa: Eu vou, tu vais (mi-)
Next
Como fazer perguntas em persa (آیا, entonação e palavras interrogativas)

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