هراس 30초 만에
- Harās: Intense fear, dread, or alarm.
- Stronger than general 'tars' (fear).
- Often sudden and overwhelming.
- Used for significant frightening situations.
Understanding 'هراس' (Harās)
'هراس' (harās) is a powerful Persian word that describes a profound and often sudden feeling of fear or dread. It's more intense than simple nervousness or unease; it signifies a deep-seated anxiety or alarm that can grip a person. Think of it as a more potent version of 'ترس' (tars), which is the general word for fear. 'هراس' implies a more overwhelming and perhaps paralyzing sensation.
- Core Meaning
- A strong, often sudden, feeling of fear, dread, or alarm.
- Intensity
- It suggests a higher degree of fear than the common word 'ترس' (fear).
- Usage Scenarios
- Often used to describe reactions to frightening events, unexpected dangers, or situations that evoke deep anxiety.
When you encounter 'هراس', it's usually in contexts where something has caused a significant emotional reaction of fear. It could be the fear of the unknown, the fear of a looming threat, or the dread that comes with a disturbing realization. Unlike a fleeting scare, 'هراس' often lingers or has a profound impact on one's state of mind.
ناگهان هراس تمام وجودش را فرا گرفت.
People might feel 'هراس' when they hear a loud, unexplained noise in the middle of the night, when they realize they are lost in an unfamiliar and dangerous place, or when they receive alarming news. It's the kind of feeling that makes your heart race and your mind go blank with worry. The word carries a weight that reflects the seriousness of the emotion it describes.
It's important to note that 'هراس' is not typically used for mild fear, like being slightly scared of a spider. It's reserved for situations that evoke a more significant emotional response. The word itself sounds somewhat dramatic, which aligns with the intensity of the feeling it represents.
Consider the difference: you might feel 'ترس' when watching a horror movie, but you might feel 'هراس' if you actually encountered something terrifying in real life. This distinction helps in choosing the right word to accurately convey the depth of one's emotional state in Persian.
Crafting Sentences with 'هراس' (Harās)
Using 'هراس' effectively in sentences requires understanding its intensity and the types of situations it describes. It often appears in contexts of sudden danger, deep anxiety, or overwhelming dread. It can be used as a noun on its own or in phrases that elaborate on the feeling.
- As a Subject
- 'هراس' can be the subject of a sentence, indicating that the dread itself is acting or affecting someone. Example: هراس از آینده او را فرا گرفته بود (Harās az āyandeh u rā farā gerefteh bud - Dread of the future had gripped him).
- As an Object
- It can also be the object of a verb, describing what someone experiences. Example: او هراس شدیدی احساس کرد (U harās-e shadīdi ehsās kard - He felt a severe dread).
- In Figurative Language
- 'هراس' can be used metaphorically to describe intense psychological states. Example: هراس تنهایی در دلش افتاد (Harās-e tanhāyi dar delash oftād - The dread of loneliness fell into his heart).
When constructing sentences, consider the verbs that commonly accompany 'هراس'. Words like 'فرا گرفتن' (to envelop, to grip), 'احساس کردن' (to feel), 'داشتن' (to have), and 'افتادن' (to fall, to occur) are frequently used. The context should always suggest a significant level of fear or anxiety.
صدای ناگهانی باعث هراس در جمع شد.
Pay attention to the adjectives that can modify 'هراس' to further specify its intensity, such as 'شدید' (severe), 'عمیق' (deep), or 'ناگهانی' (sudden). These additions help paint a clearer picture of the emotional experience.
Here are some sentence structures and examples:
- Subject + Verb + هراس
- The dread affected him. او هراس را تجربه کرد (U harās rā tajrobeh kard).
- هراس + از + Noun + Verb
- Dread of the storm made him tremble. هراس از طوفان او را لرزاند (Harās az tūfān u rā larzānd).
- Adjective + هراس + Verb
- A deep dread filled his heart. هراس عمیقی قلبش را پر کرد (Harās-e amīqi qalbash rā por kard).
Real-World Usage of 'هراس' (Harās)
'هراس' is a word that resonates in various aspects of Persian communication, often appearing in settings where strong emotions are being described. You'll encounter it in literature, news reports, personal anecdotes, and even in more formal discussions about psychological states.
- Literature and Storytelling
- In novels and short stories, 'هراس' is frequently used to depict characters' intense fear reactions to plot developments, supernatural events, or life-threatening situations. It adds a layer of depth and realism to their emotional turmoil.
- News and Current Events
- When reporting on disasters, accidents, or periods of social unrest, journalists might use 'هراس' to describe the collective fear experienced by a population. For instance, 'هراس عمومی از زلزله' (harās-e عمومی az zalzeleh - public dread of the earthquake) is a common phrasing.
- Personal Conversations
- In everyday conversations, especially when recounting frightening experiences, people might use 'هراس' to emphasize the severity of their fear. 'وقتی آن صدا را شنیدم، هراس تمام وجودم را گرفت' (Vaqti ān sadā rā shenīdam, harās tamām-e vojudam rā gereft - When I heard that sound, dread took over my entire being).
فیلم ترسناک باعث هراس در تماشاگران شد.
You might also hear 'هراس' in discussions about mental health, particularly when describing conditions related to anxiety or phobias. It's a word that conveys a palpable sense of unease and alarm.
In more traditional or poetic contexts, 'هراس' can be used to describe a deep, existential dread or a fear of the divine. It carries a certain gravitas that makes it suitable for expressing profound emotional states.
Consider these contexts:
- Historical Accounts
- When describing the impact of wars or invasions on civilian populations, 'هراس' is often used to convey the pervasive fear and anxiety.
- Disaster Preparedness
- Discussions about preparing for natural disasters might mention the 'هراس' that such events can trigger.
- Psychological Thrillers
- In describing the atmosphere of suspenseful movies or books, 'هراس' can be used to capture the feeling of impending doom.
Avoiding Pitfalls with 'هراس' (Harās)
While 'هراس' is a valuable word, learners sometimes misuse it by applying it to situations that don't warrant such an intense emotion. Understanding these common mistakes will help you use 'هراس' accurately and effectively.
- Mistake 1: Overusing for Mild Fear
- Using 'هراس' when a simpler word like 'ترس' (fear) or 'نگرانی' (worry) would suffice. For example, saying 'من از سوسکها هراس دارم' (Man az sūsk-hā harās dāram - I have dread of cockroaches) might sound overly dramatic if it's just a mild aversion. The intended meaning is usually just 'I am afraid of cockroaches'.
- Correct Usage
- For mild fear or dislike, use 'ترس' or 'بدم میآید' (I dislike). 'من از سوسکها میترسم' (Man az sūsk-hā mitarsam - I am afraid of cockroaches) is more appropriate for a general fear.
- Mistake 2: Confusing with General Anxiety
- Using 'هراس' to describe everyday worries or general feelings of unease that don't involve a specific, intense threat. While 'هراس' can be a component of anxiety, it specifically denotes a sharp, overwhelming fear.
- Correct Usage
- For general anxiety or worry, use words like 'اضطراب' (eztirāb), 'نگرانی' (negarāni), or 'دلهره' (dolehreh).
- Mistake 3: Grammatical Errors
- Incorrectly conjugating verbs or using prepositions with 'هراس'. For instance, attempting to say 'من هراس کردم' (Man harās kardam - I did dread) is grammatically awkward. Verbs like 'احساس کردن' (to feel) or 'داشتن' (to have) are more natural companions.
- Correct Usage
- Use phrases like 'احساس هراس کردم' (ehsās-e harās kardam - I felt dread) or 'هراس مرا گرفت' (harās marā gereft - Dread gripped me).
او از ارتفاع هراس ندارد، فقط کمی احساس ناامنی میکند.
To avoid these mistakes, always consider the intensity of the emotion you wish to convey. If it's a profound, overwhelming fear or alarm, 'هراس' is appropriate. If it's a milder form of fear, worry, or unease, other words will be more suitable.
Exploring Nuances: 'هراس' vs. Other Fear Words
Persian offers a rich vocabulary for describing fear, and understanding the subtle differences between 'هراس' and its synonyms is crucial for precise communication. 'هراس' stands out for its intensity and often sudden onset.
- هراس (Harās)
- Meaning: Intense, overwhelming fear, dread, or alarm. Often sudden and deeply unsettling.
- Usage: For situations causing significant fright, panic, or deep anxiety. Example: هراس از سقوط هواپیما او را فلج کرد (Harās az suqūṭ-e havāpeymā u rā falaj kard - Dread of the plane crash paralyzed him).
- ترس (Tars)
- Meaning: General fear, fright. The most common and versatile word for fear.
- Usage: For everyday fears, being scared of something specific, or a less intense feeling. Example: او از تاریکی ترس دارد (U az tārīki tars dārad - He is afraid of the dark).
- وحشت (Vahshat)
- Meaning: Terror, horror, panic. Often implies a chaotic or wild fear, sometimes bordering on madness.
- Usage: For extreme terror, often in response to horrifying events or a sense of impending doom. Example: وحشت در چشمانش موج میزد (Vahshat dar chashmānash mōj mīzad - Terror was surging in his eyes).
- بیم (Bīm)
- Meaning: Fear, apprehension, dread. Often used in more formal or literary contexts, can imply a more prolonged or anticipatory fear.
- Usage: Can be used similarly to 'هراس' but often carries a more literary or formal tone. Example: بیم از آینده او را آزار میداد (Bīm az āyandeh u rā āzār mīdād - Apprehension about the future bothered him).
- دلهره (Dolehreh)
- Meaning: Anxiety, apprehension, unease. A feeling of worry about something that might happen.
- Usage: For a more general sense of nervousness or worry about the future or an uncertain situation. Example: دلهره قبل از امتحان طبیعی است (Dolehreh qabl az emtehān tabī'ī ast - Anxiety before an exam is natural).
او از هراس دشمنانش خبر نداشت.
Choosing the right word depends on the specific nuance you want to convey. 'هراس' is for that intense, often sudden, grip of fear. 'ترس' is the everyday go-to. 'وحشت' is for extreme, terror-inducing situations. 'بیم' is more formal or literary apprehension. 'دلهره' is for general anxiety and worry.
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
The intensity conveyed by 'هراس' suggests a more primal or visceral reaction to danger compared to the general term 'ترس' (tars). This distinction highlights the nuance in Persian's emotional vocabulary.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing the 'h' as silent.
- Using a short 'a' sound instead of the long 'ah'.
- Incorrect stress placement.
난이도
At the A2 CEFR level, learners might encounter 'هراس' in simpler narratives or descriptions. Understanding its intensity compared to 'ترس' is key. Recognizing its use in contexts of significant fear is important for comprehension.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Using the verb 'داشتن' (to have) with abstract nouns like 'هراس' to indicate possession or experience.
او هراس شدیدی داشت. (He had severe dread.)
Using the verb 'احساس کردن' (to feel) with 'هراس'.
من هراس را در وجودم احساس کردم. (I felt the dread within myself.)
Using 'از' (from/of) to specify the object of dread.
او از تاریکی هراس دارد. (He has dread of the dark.)
Using verbs like 'گرفتن' (to take/grip) or 'مستولی شدن' (to overcome) with 'هراس' as the subject.
هراس او را گرفت. (Dread seized him.)
Forming adjectives from 'هراس' using suffixes like '-آور' (bringing) or '-زده' (struck by).
آن صحنه هراسآور بود. (That scene was dreadful.)
수준별 예문
من از سگ میترسم.
I am afraid of dogs.
Simple present tense, common verb 'ترسیدن' (to be afraid).
این صدا ترسناک است.
This sound is scary.
Adjective form 'ترسناک' (scary) derived from 'ترس'.
او کمی ترسید.
He got a little scared.
Past tense verb 'ترسیدن'.
آن فیلم خیلی ترسناک بود.
That movie was very scary.
Past tense, adjective 'ترسناک'.
نمیخواهم بترسم.
I don't want to be scared.
Negative imperative with infinitive 'ترسیدن'.
ترس در دلش بود.
Fear was in his heart.
Noun form 'ترس' (fear).
آیا از تاریکی میترسی؟
Are you afraid of the dark?
Question form using 'ترسیدن'.
او از ارتفاع میترسد.
He is afraid of heights.
Common phobia expression using 'ترسیدن'.
ناگهان هراس تمام وجودش را فرا گرفت.
Suddenly, dread overwhelmed his entire being.
The verb 'فرا گرفتن' (to engulf) is often used with intense emotions like 'هراس'.
او از آینده هراس داشت.
He had dread of the future.
'داشتن' (to have) is used with 'هراس' to indicate experiencing it.
صدای بلند باعث هراس در جمع شد.
The loud noise caused dread among the group.
'باعث شدن' (to cause) is a common structure.
احساس هراس شدیدی میکردم.
I was feeling a severe dread.
Using 'احساس کردن' (to feel) with 'هراس'.
هراس از گم شدن او را نگران کرد.
The dread of getting lost made him worried.
'هراس از...' (dread of...) is a common construction.
در آن لحظه، هراس عمیقی در دلم افتاد.
At that moment, a deep dread fell into my heart.
The idiom 'در دل افتادن' (to fall into the heart) is used for strong emotions.
آن منظره هراسآور بود.
That scene was dreadful/alarming.
Adjective form 'هراسآور' (dreadful, alarming).
هراس ناگهانی او را از خواب بیدار کرد.
Sudden dread woke him up from sleep.
Adjective 'ناگهانی' (sudden) modifies 'هراس'.
پس از شنیدن خبر، هراس شدیدی بر او مستولی شد.
After hearing the news, a severe dread overcame him.
'مستولی شدن بر' (to overcome, to prevail over) is a more formal verb choice.
هراس از شکست، مانع تلاشهای او میشد.
The dread of failure was hindering his efforts.
'مانع شدن' (to hinder, to prevent) used in conjunction with the cause of dread.
در سکوت شب، هراس غریبی در دلش ریشه دواند.
In the silence of the night, a strange dread took root in his heart.
Figurative language: 'ریشه دواندن' (to take root).
آن فیلم توانست هراس عمیقی را در تماشاگران برانگیزد.
That film managed to evoke a deep dread in the viewers.
'برانگیختن' (to evoke, to incite) is a sophisticated verb for emotional response.
هراس از ناشناخته، بسیاری را به اقدام وا میدارد.
The dread of the unknown compels many to act.
'وا داشتن' (to compel, to urge) shows the effect of dread.
با وجود شجاعت ظاهری، هراس در چشمانش آشکار بود.
Despite his apparent bravery, the dread was evident in his eyes.
Contrast between outward appearance and inner feeling.
هراس جمعی از شیوع بیماری، باعث هرج و مرج شد.
The collective dread of the epidemic caused chaos.
Use of 'جمعی' (collective) to describe widespread dread.
او سعی کرد هراس خود را پنهان کند، اما موفق نشد.
He tried to hide his dread, but he did not succeed.
Action verb 'پنهان کردن' (to hide) contrasted with failure.
وجود هراس مزمن در جامعه، نیازمند بررسیهای روانشناختی عمیقتری است.
The existence of chronic dread in society requires deeper psychological examinations.
Use of 'مزمن' (chronic) and formal vocabulary like 'نیازمند' (requiring) and 'بررسیهای روانشناختی' (psychological examinations).
هنرمندان اغلب از هراس وجودی برای خلق آثار تأثیرگذار خود بهره میبرند.
Artists often utilize existential dread to create their impactful works.
'هراس وجودی' (existential dread) is a philosophical concept. 'بهره بردن از' (to utilize, to benefit from).
فقدان امنیت، بستری مناسب برای رشد هراس و ناامنی فراهم میآورد.
The lack of security provides a fertile ground for the growth of dread and insecurity.
Complex sentence structure with abstract nouns like 'فقدان' (lack) and 'امنیت' (security).
رسانهها گاهی با دامن زدن به هراس عمومی، اهداف خاصی را دنبال میکنند.
Media outlets sometimes pursue specific agendas by fanning public dread.
'دامن زدن به' (to fan, to fuel) and 'اهداف خاص' (specific agendas) indicate sophisticated usage.
تجربه جنگ، هراس عمیقی را در نسلهای بعدی نهادینه کرد.
The experience of war institutionalized a deep dread in subsequent generations.
'نهادینه کردن' (to institutionalize, to embed) suggests a long-lasting effect.
در مواجهه با بحرانهای غیرمنتظره، هراس میتواند به فلج شدن تصمیمگیری منجر شود.
In the face of unexpected crises, dread can lead to paralysis of decision-making.
'مواجهه با' (in the face of), 'بحران' (crisis), 'فلج شدن تصمیمگیری' (paralysis of decision-making).
تلاش برای غلبه بر هراسهای دوران کودکی، بخشی از فرآیند بلوغ است.
The effort to overcome childhood dreads is part of the maturation process.
'غلبه بر' (to overcome), 'دوران کودکی' (childhood), 'فرآیند بلوغ' (maturation process).
احساس هراس مداوم میتواند نشانهای از اختلالات اضطرابی باشد.
A persistent feeling of dread can be a sign of anxiety disorders.
'مداوم' (persistent), 'اختلالات اضطرابی' (anxiety disorders).
هراس فراگیر از فروپاشی اقتصادی، بازارها را به شدت متزلزل کرد.
The pervasive dread of economic collapse severely destabilized the markets.
'فراگیر' (pervasive), 'فروپاشی اقتصادی' (economic collapse), 'متزلزل کردن' (to destabilize).
فیلسوفان غالباً به کندوکاو در ماهیت هراس بنیادین انسان پرداختهاند.
Philosophers have often delved into the nature of fundamental human dread.
'کندوکاو در' (to delve into), 'ماهیت' (nature), 'هراس بنیادین' (fundamental dread).
شایعات بیپایه میتوانند به سرعت هراس جمعی را تشدید کرده و منجر به واکنشهای غیرمنطقی شوند.
Baseless rumors can quickly intensify collective dread and lead to irrational reactions.
'بیپایه' (baseless), 'تشدید کردن' (to intensify), 'واکنشهای غیرمنطقی' (irrational reactions).
در مواجهه با پوچی هستی، برخی افراد دچار هراسی عمیق و فلجکننده میشوند.
When confronted with the absurdity of existence, some individuals fall into a deep and paralyzing dread.
'پوچی هستی' (absurdity of existence), 'فلجکننده' (paralyzing).
تاریخ مملو از نمونههایی است که هراس از تغییر، مانع پیشرفت تمدنها شده است.
History is replete with examples where the dread of change has hindered the progress of civilizations.
'مملو از' (replete with), 'مانع پیشرفت' (hindered progress).
رواندرمانی اغلب بر شناسایی و بازسازی الگوهای فکری مرتبط با هراسهای کهنه متمرکز است.
Psychotherapy often focuses on identifying and reconstructing thought patterns associated with old dreads.
'رواندرمانی' (psychotherapy), 'بازسازی الگوهای فکری' (reconstructing thought patterns), 'کهنه' (old, ancient).
جامعهای که در هراس دائمی به سر میبرد، قادر به شکوفایی خلاقیت و نوآوری نخواهد بود.
A society living in constant dread will not be able to foster creativity and innovation.
'شکوفایی خلاقیت و نوآوری' (fostering creativity and innovation).
برای مقابله با هراسهای جمعی، نیاز به اطلاعرسانی شفاف و ایجاد اعتماد عمومی است.
To combat collective dread, transparent communication and building public trust are necessary.
'مقابله با' (to combat, to confront), 'اطلاعرسانی شفاف' (transparent communication).
هراس پنهان از فناپذیری، انگیزهای نیرومند در پس بسیاری از دستاوردهای بشری است.
The hidden dread of mortality is a powerful motivation behind many human achievements.
'فناپذیری' (mortality, perishability), 'انگیزهای نیرومند' (powerful motivation).
تئاتر تراژیک، اغلب به کاوش در هراسهای بنیادین وجودی انسان و تقابل او با سرنوشت میپردازد.
Tragic theater often explores the fundamental existential dreads of humanity and its confrontation with destiny.
'تئاتر تراژیک' (tragic theater), 'تقابل با سرنوشت' (confrontation with destiny).
هراس از طرد اجتماعی، میتواند فرد را به انطباق اجباری و از دست دادن هویت فردی سوق دهد.
The dread of social exclusion can drive an individual towards forced conformity and the loss of personal identity.
'طرد اجتماعی' (social exclusion), 'انطباق اجباری' (forced conformity), 'هویت فردی' (personal identity).
در دوران بحرانهای سیاسی، هراس جمعی میتواند به سرعت به افراطگرایی و خشونت دامن بزند.
During periods of political crisis, collective dread can rapidly fuel extremism and violence.
'افراطگرایی' (extremism), 'خشونت' (violence).
فلسفه اگزیستانسیالیسم، هراس از آزادی مطلق و مسئولیت ناشی از آن را به عنوان عنصری کلیدی در تجربه انسانی مطرح میکند.
Existentialist philosophy posits the dread of absolute freedom and the responsibility arising from it as a key element in the human experience.
'فلسفه اگزیستانسیالیسم' (Existentialist philosophy), 'آزادی مطلق' (absolute freedom), 'مسئولیت ناشی از آن' (responsibility arising from it).
هراس از سکوت و تنهایی، گاه انگیزهای برای جستجوی مداوم ارتباطات سطحی و بیمحتوا میشود.
The dread of silence and solitude sometimes becomes a motivation for the constant pursuit of superficial and meaningless connections.
'جستجوی مداوم' (constant pursuit), 'ارتباطات سطحی و بیمحتوا' (superficial and meaningless connections).
تأثیرات هراس ناشی از تغییرات اقلیمی بر سلامت روان، نیازمند مطالعهای جامع و بینرشتهای است.
The psychological impacts of dread stemming from climate change require comprehensive and interdisciplinary study.
'تغییرات اقلیمی' (climate change), 'سلامت روان' (mental health), 'بینرشتهای' (interdisciplinary).
ادبیات پسااستعماری اغلب به بازنمایی هراسهای ناشی از از دست دادن هویت فرهنگی و استیلا پرداخته است.
Postcolonial literature has often addressed the dreads arising from the loss of cultural identity and subjugation.
'ادبیات پسااستعماری' (Postcolonial literature), 'از دست دادن هویت فرهنگی' (loss of cultural identity), 'استیلا' (subjugation).
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— Dread of death.
بسیاری از انسانها از هراس مرگ رنج میبرند. (Many people suffer from the dread of death.)
— Dread of losing something or someone important.
هراس از دست دادن عزیزان، دردی جانکاه است. (The dread of losing loved ones is a painful grief.)
— Dread and terror; used for extreme fear.
آن صحنه باعث هراس و وحشت زیادی شد. (That scene caused a lot of dread and terror.)
— Dread of being alone.
هراس از تنهایی، او را به سمت روابط سطحی سوق داد. (The dread of loneliness pushed him towards superficial relationships.)
— To fall into dread; to become deeply frightened.
با شنیدن صدای فریاد، در هراس افتاد. (Hearing the scream, he fell into dread.)
— For dread to settle in one's heart; to feel a deep sense of fear.
خبری بد باعث شد هراس بر دلش بنشیند. (Bad news caused dread to settle in his heart.)
— Severe dread; intense fear.
او از ارتفاع هراس شدید داشت. (He had severe dread of heights.)
— Dread of the unknown.
هراس ناشناخته، یکی از ابتداییترین احساسات انسانی است. (The dread of the unknown is one of the most basic human emotions.)
— Dread of failure.
هراس از شکست، مانع پیشرفت او شد. (The dread of failure hindered his progress.)
— Dread and anxiety; used to describe a state of intense worry and fear.
او در هراس و اضطراب شدیدی به سر میبرد. (He was in a state of severe dread and anxiety.)
자주 혼동되는 단어
'Harās' is a more intense and often sudden form of fear than the general term 'tars'. While 'tars' can be mild, 'harās' implies significant dread or alarm.
'Vahshat' often implies terror or horror, sometimes suggesting a more chaotic or overwhelming fear, potentially bordering on panic. 'Harās' is a deep dread or alarm.
'Dolehreh' refers to anxiety or apprehension, usually about future events. 'Harās' is a more immediate and intense fear or dread.
관용어 및 표현
— Literally 'dread falling from the hollow head', this idiom is not commonly used and might be archaic or regional. Its intended meaning would likely relate to a sudden, irrational fear.
این عبارت به ندرت استفاده میشود و ممکن است منسوخ یا منطقهای باشد.
Archaic/Rare— His heart quailed; he felt a sudden pang of fear or dread.
با شنیدن صدای چاقو، دلش هراسید. (Hearing the sound of the knife, his heart quailed.)
Neutral— The dread of death overcame him.
وقتی دید که راه فراری نیست، هراس مرگ بر او چیره شد. (When he saw there was no escape, the dread of death overcame him.)
Neutral/Formal— This idiom doesn't directly translate to a common English idiom. It could imply an intense fear of something that is usually considered beneficial or life-giving, suggesting a deep-seated aversion or phobia.
این اصطلاح ممکن است به معنای ترس عمیق از چیزی مثبت باشد.
Figurative/Context-dependent— To be seized by dread; to be overcome with fear.
وقتی فهمید که تنهاست، هراس به جانش افتاد. (When he realized he was alone, dread seized him.)
Neutral— To freeze with dread; to be paralyzed by fear.
از هراس صدای غرش پلنگ، در جای خود یخ زد. (From the dread of the leopard's roar, he froze in place.)
Neutral— To instill dread in someone's heart; to make someone feel deeply afraid.
آن خبر ناگوار، هراس در دل همه انداخت. (That terrible news instilled dread in everyone's heart.)
Neutral— Existential dread; a deep, often philosophical fear related to the human condition, freedom, and mortality.
کتاب درباره هراس وجودی انسان در دنیای مدرن است. (The book is about humanity's existential dread in the modern world.)
Philosophical/Literary— Acrophobia; the specific dread of heights.
او از هراس از ارتفاع رنج میبرد و نمیتواند به بالکن برود. (He suffers from the dread of heights and cannot go onto the balcony.)
Specific Phobia— Dread of the unknown; fear of what is not understood or familiar.
هراس از ناشناخته، گاه مانع کشف چیزهای جدید میشود. (The dread of the unknown sometimes hinders the discovery of new things.)
Common Psychological Concept혼동하기 쉬운
Both words relate to fear, making them easily confused by learners.
'Tars' is the general, everyday word for fear, applicable to mild to moderate fear. 'Harās' signifies a much stronger, often sudden, and overwhelming feeling of dread or alarm. Think of 'tars' as 'fear' and 'harās' as 'dread' or 'intense fear'.
من از تاریکی میترسم (I am afraid of the dark - mild fear). اما وقتی صدای غرش بلندی شنیدم، هراس مرا گرفت (But when I heard a loud roar, dread seized me - intense fear).
Both describe intense negative emotions related to fear.
'Vahshat' often implies terror, horror, or panic, suggesting a more chaotic or even maddening level of fear. 'Harās' is a deep, often sudden, sense of dread or alarm. 'Vahshat' might be the feeling after witnessing a horrific event, while 'harās' could be the dread preceding it or a strong reaction to a sudden scare.
دیدن آن صحنه باعث وحشت او شد (Seeing that scene caused him terror). اما هراس از آینده او را شبها بیدار نگه میداشت (But the dread of the future kept him awake at night).
Both relate to negative emotional states involving worry or unease.
'Dolehreh' is anxiety or apprehension, typically about something uncertain or in the future. It's a feeling of unease or nervousness. 'Harās' is a more immediate, intense, and overwhelming feeling of fear or dread, often triggered by a perceived threat.
او از امتحان دلهره داشت (He had anxiety about the exam). اما وقتی دید که امتحان سخت است، هراس او را فرا گرفت (But when he saw the exam was difficult, dread overwhelmed him).
Both can translate to 'dread' or 'apprehension'.
'Bīm' is generally more formal or literary than 'harās'. It can imply a more prolonged or anticipatory fear. 'Harās' is often more visceral and can be sudden. While they overlap, 'harās' carries a stronger connotation of immediate, overwhelming fear.
تاریخ مملو از نمونههایی است که بیم از تغییر، مانع پیشرفت شده است (History is replete with examples where apprehension of change has hindered progress - formal). اما او از هراس سقوط هواپیما نمیتوانست آرام بگیرد (But he could not find peace from the dread of the plane crash - more immediate and visceral).
Both are terms for negative psychological states involving fear or unease.
'Eztirāb' is a broader term for anxiety, nervousness, or agitation. It can be a general state of unease. 'Harās' is specifically about intense fear or dread, often in response to a perceived threat or frightening situation. One can feel 'eztirāb' about many things, but 'harās' is reserved for more significant fright.
او از مصاحبه کاری اضطراب داشت (He had anxiety about the job interview). اما وقتی فهمید که رئیس جمهور در جلسه حضور دارد، هراس شدیدی او را فرا گرفت (But when he realized the president was attending the meeting, severe dread overwhelmed him).
문장 패턴
Subject + هراس + Verb
او <span class='font-bold'>هراس</span> شدیدی احساس کرد.
هراس + از + Noun + Verb
<span class='font-bold'>هراس</span> از تاریکی او را آزار میداد.
Noun + هراس + Adjective
در چهرهاش <span class='font-bold'>هراس</span> عمیقی دیده میشد.
Adjective + هراس + Verb
<span class='font-bold'>هراس</span> ناگهانی او را از خواب پراند.
Subject + Verb + هراس + Adjective
آن خبر <span class='font-bold'>هراس</span> شدیدی را در جامعه ایجاد کرد.
هراس + Adjective + از + Noun
<span class='font-bold'>هراس</span> فراگیر از جنگ، همه را نگران کرده بود.
Noun + هراس + Verb + Adverbial Phrase
هراس از آینده، مانع بزرگی در مسیر پیشرفت او بود.
Infinitive + هراس + Verb
فکر کردن به آینده <span class='font-bold'>هراس</span> بزرگی در دلش انداخته بود.
어휘 가족
명사
동사
형용사
관련
사용법
Moderately common, especially in descriptive contexts.
-
Using 'هراس' for mild fear or dislike.
→
Using 'ترس' (tars) or related phrases for milder emotions.
'Harās' signifies a profound and often sudden feeling of intense fear, dread, or alarm. Applying it to minor fears trivializes the word and sounds unnatural. For example, saying 'من از سوسکها هراس دارم' (I have dread of cockroaches) is usually an overstatement; 'من از سوسکها میترسم' (I am afraid of cockroaches) is more appropriate.
-
Confusing 'هراس' with general anxiety ('اضطراب' or 'دلهره').
→
Using 'هراس' for intense, immediate fear, and 'اضطراب'/'دلهره' for general worry or apprehension.
'Harās' is about a powerful, often acute, fear or dread. 'Eztirāb' (اضطراب) and 'dolehreh' (دلهره) refer to broader states of anxiety, nervousness, or worry about future events. While they can coexist, 'harās' is specifically about the intensity of fear.
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Incorrect verb usage, e.g., 'هراس کردم'.
→
Using verbs like 'داشتن' (to have), 'احساس کردن' (to feel), or structures where 'هراس' is the subject (e.g., 'هراس مرا گرفت').
Abstract nouns like 'harās' are often used with verbs that denote possession or experience rather than direct action. 'من هراس کردم' is grammatically awkward. Natural phrasing includes 'من هراس داشتم' (I had dread) or 'هراس مرا گرفت' (Dread seized me).
-
Using 'هراس' when 'وحشت' (terror) is more fitting.
→
Using 'وحشت' for extreme, overwhelming terror or horror.
'Vahshat' implies a more extreme and potentially chaotic level of fear, akin to terror or horror. 'Harās' is a deep dread or alarm. If the situation is truly horrifying and panic-inducing, 'vahshat' might be more precise.
-
Overusing 'هراس' in formal writing where a more nuanced term might be preferred.
→
Choosing synonyms like 'بیم' (bīm) or more descriptive phrases depending on the specific context and desired formality.
While 'harās' is understood in formal contexts, words like 'bīm' (بیم - apprehension, dread) or more elaborate phrases might offer a finer shade of meaning or a more elevated tone in highly formal or literary writing.
팁
Mastering the 'ā' Sound
The 'ā' in 'harās' is a long 'ah' sound, similar to the 'a' in 'father' or 'car'. Practice saying 'ahhh' with an open mouth. Ensure you distinguish it from a short 'a' sound as in 'cat'.
Verb Companions
Pay attention to the verbs that commonly accompany 'harās'. Phrases like 'هراس داشتن' (to have dread) or 'هراس گرفتن' (for dread to seize someone) are very natural and frequently used.
Intensity Scale
Think of a scale: 'nervousness' < 'worry' < 'fear' (tars) < 'dread'/'alarm' (harās) < 'terror' (vahshat). Place 'harās' correctly on this scale for accurate expression.
Visual Anchors
Create a vivid mental image for 'harās', like a person frozen in fear with wide eyes, or dark shadows engulfing them. Associating the word with a strong visual can aid recall.
Literary Resonance
Recognize that 'harās' carries a certain weight and is often used in more dramatic or descriptive contexts, especially in Persian literature and storytelling, to evoke strong emotional responses.
Active Listening
When listening to Persian media (movies, news, podcasts), actively listen for instances of 'harās'. Try to understand the context and the speaker's intent in using this word.
Distinguish from 'Dolehreh'
While both relate to unease, 'dolehreh' (دلهره) is more about anxiety and worry concerning future events, whereas 'harās' is a more immediate and intense feeling of fear or dread.
Adjective Formation
Learn to use the adjective form 'harās-āvar' (هراسآور - dreadful/alarming) to describe things that cause this intense fear, like a 'harās-āvar scene' (صحنه هراسآور).
Avoid Overstatement
Using 'harās' for minor scares can sound overly dramatic. Reserve it for situations that genuinely evoke deep fear or alarm to maintain its impact.
암기하기
기억법
Imagine a 'hare' (sounds like 'harās') that is terrified ('hared' and 'scared'). This hare is filled with 'harās'!
시각적 연상
Picture a person with wide, fearful eyes, perhaps clutching their chest, with dark, shadowy tendrils creeping around them, representing the overwhelming feeling of 'هراس'.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to describe a situation where you felt intense fear or dread using the word 'هراس'. Focus on the physical and emotional sensations associated with it.
어원
The word 'هراس' (harās) likely originates from Middle Persian or an older Indo-Iranian root related to fear and terror. It shares semantic connections with words denoting alarm and fright across various Indo-European languages.
원래 의미: Related to fear, alarm, and panic.
Indo-Iranian, specifically Persian.문화적 맥락
When discussing 'هراس,' be mindful that it describes a strong negative emotion. Use it appropriately to convey genuine intensity rather than exaggerating minor fears.
In English, words like 'dread,' 'terror,' 'alarm,' and 'intense fear' capture the essence of 'harās.' It's important to distinguish it from milder forms of fear like 'nervousness' or 'worry.'
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Describing reactions to scary movies or stories.
- فیلم خیلی هراسآور بود.
- آن صحنه باعث هراس من شد.
- از پایان فیلم هراس داشتم.
Talking about personal fears or phobias.
- من از ارتفاع هراس دارم.
- هراس از عنکبوتها مرا فلج میکند.
- آیا تا به حال هراس مرگ را تجربه کردهای؟
Discussing news about disasters or accidents.
- زلزله باعث هراس زیادی شد.
- هراس عمومی از وقوع حادثه.
- مردم در هراس از سیل بودند.
Expressing deep anxiety about the future.
- هراس از آینده مرا رها نمیکند.
- او در هراس از بیکاری به سر میبرد.
- این وضعیت هراسآور است.
Describing intense emotional experiences.
- ناگهان هراس تمام وجودم را گرفت.
- احساس هراس شدیدی داشتم.
- هراس از دست دادن او غیرقابل تحمل بود.
대화 시작하기
"What's the scariest thing you've ever experienced?"
"Can you describe a time you felt intense dread?"
"How do you cope with feelings of fear or anxiety?"
"Are there any specific situations that trigger a feeling of 'harās' for you?"
"What's the difference between 'tars' and 'harās' in your opinion?"
일기 주제
Describe a dream where you experienced 'harās'. What made it so intense?
Write about a time you overcame a significant fear. What was the process like?
Explore the concept of 'existential dread'. Does it resonate with you?
Imagine a character who lives in constant 'harās'. What would their daily life be like?
Reflect on the role of fear in art and literature. How does 'harās' contribute to storytelling?
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문'Tars' (ترس) is the general word for fear, applicable to a wide range of situations from mild to moderate fear. 'Harās' (هراس) signifies a more intense, often sudden, and overwhelming feeling of dread, alarm, or intense fright. Think of 'tars' as everyday fear and 'harās' as a deeper, more gripping sense of fear or dread.
You should use 'harās' when you want to describe a strong, often sudden, feeling of intense fear, alarm, or dread. It's appropriate for situations that cause significant fright or deep anxiety, such as facing a dangerous situation, hearing alarming news, or experiencing a profound sense of unease.
No, 'harās' is generally not used for mild fear. For mild fear or dislike, words like 'tars' (ترس) or 'bāz-dāshtan' (باز داشتن - to hold back due to fear) are more appropriate. 'Harās' implies a much higher level of emotional intensity.
Common verbs used with 'harās' include 'داشتن' (dāshtan - to have), 'احساس کردن' (ehsās kardan - to feel), 'گرفتن' (gereftan - to seize/grip), and 'مستولی شدن' (mostawlī shodan - to overcome). For example, 'او هراس داشت' (He had dread), 'او هراس را احساس کرد' (He felt dread), 'هراس او را گرفت' (Dread seized him), 'هراس بر او مستولی شد' (Dread overcame him).
Yes, the adjective form is 'هراسآور' (harās-āvar), which means dreadful, alarming, or fear-inducing. For example, 'آن صحنه هراسآور بود' (That scene was dreadful).
Yes, 'harās' can be used metaphorically to describe intense psychological states or profound anxieties, such as 'هراس از دست دادن' (dread of loss) or 'هراس وجودی' (existential dread).
The pronunciation is approximately /hɛˈrɑːs/ or /həˈrɑːs/ in English transliteration. The stress is on the second syllable: he-RAS. The 'ā' is a long 'ah' sound like in 'father'.
A common mistake is overusing 'harās' for mild fears or general anxiety. It's also important to use it with appropriate verbs and grammatical structures, avoiding awkward constructions like 'من هراس کردم' (I did dread).
Similar words include 'tars' (ترس - fear), 'vahshat' (وحشت - terror), 'bīm' (بیم - apprehension), and 'dolehreh' (دلهره - anxiety). Each has slightly different nuances in intensity and context.
You would commonly encounter 'harās' in literature, news reports about disasters or frightening events, personal stories of intense fear, and discussions about psychological states like anxiety and phobias.
셀프 테스트 10 질문
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Harās signifies a profound and often sudden feeling of intense fear, alarm, or dread, going beyond everyday apprehension. It's used when a situation evokes a significant emotional response of being deeply unsettled or frightened.
- Harās: Intense fear, dread, or alarm.
- Stronger than general 'tars' (fear).
- Often sudden and overwhelming.
- Used for significant frightening situations.
Mastering the 'ā' Sound
The 'ā' in 'harās' is a long 'ah' sound, similar to the 'a' in 'father' or 'car'. Practice saying 'ahhh' with an open mouth. Ensure you distinguish it from a short 'a' sound as in 'cat'.
Context is Key
Always consider the context when using 'harās'. Does the situation truly warrant such an intense emotion? Using it appropriately will make your Persian sound more natural and precise.
Verb Companions
Pay attention to the verbs that commonly accompany 'harās'. Phrases like 'هراس داشتن' (to have dread) or 'هراس گرفتن' (for dread to seize someone) are very natural and frequently used.
Intensity Scale
Think of a scale: 'nervousness' < 'worry' < 'fear' (tars) < 'dread'/'alarm' (harās) < 'terror' (vahshat). Place 'harās' correctly on this scale for accurate expression.
관련 콘텐츠
emotions 관련 단어
عاشق
A1누군가와 사랑에 빠졌거나 무언가에 열정적인 상태.
عاشق بودن
A2~와 사랑에 빠져 있다 또는 ~을 매우 좋아하다.
عاشق شدن
A2사랑에 빠지다 (Sarang-e ppajida).
عاشقانه
B1사랑스럽게 또는 낭만적으로.
عاطفه
A2애정, 감정. 그녀는 가족에 대한 애정이 깊습니다.
اعتقاد
A2강한 믿음이나 신념. 예: "나는 그의 정직함을 믿는다." (من به صداقت او اعتقاد دارم.)
اعتماد
A2Trust, confidence, reliance.
اعتماد کردن
A2To trust; to rely on.
عجب
B1놀라움이나 경탄을 나타내는 감탄사. 정말 이상하네!
عجول
A1성급한, 조바심내는. 기다리는 것을 참지 못하고 일을 서둘러 처리하려는 성향을 가진 사람.
