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B1 noun #3,000 가장 일반적인 9분 분량

هشدار

hoshdaar
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설명 هشدار in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 'هشدار' (hoshdār) as a very important 'stop' or 'look' sign. It is a word that tells you something might be wrong. You might see it on your phone when the battery is low. You don't need to know all the grammar yet, just remember that 'hoshdār' means 'Warning'. It is like a red light. When you see this word, you should pay attention. It is often used with the word 'dādan' (to give). So, 'hoshdār dādan' means 'to warn'. If a teacher says 'hoshdār', they want you to be quiet or listen carefully. It is a basic safety word.
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At the A2 level, you start to use 'هشدار' in simple sentences. You can understand that it is a noun. You might hear it in the weather report on the radio. For example, 'Hoshdār barāye bārān' (Warning for rain). You can also use it to talk about your computer or phone. 'Gushi-ye man hoshdār dād' (My phone gave a warning). You should know that it comes from 'hosh' (sense/mind). So, a warning is something that makes your mind wake up. It is more serious than just 'telling' someone something. It is used when there is a small problem or danger.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'هشدار' in various contexts, such as work, health, and news. You should know the compound verb 'hoshdār dādan' and how to use it with the preposition 'be' (e.g., 'Be u hoshdār dādam'). You can distinguish between a 'verbal warning' (hoshdār-e shafāhi) and a 'written warning' (hoshdār-e keti). You also start to see it in more abstract ways, like a 'warning sign' in a relationship or a 'warning' about the economy. You understand that it is a key vocabulary item for safety and professional communication in Persian-speaking environments.
At the B2 level, you can use 'هشدار' to discuss complex topics like environmental issues or political developments. You understand the nuances between 'hoshdār' and its synonyms like 'ekhtār' or 'tazakkor'. You can use idiomatic expressions and understand the word's role in formal journalism. For instance, you might read a headline like 'Karshenāsān dar bāre-ye bohrān-e āb hoshdār midahand' (Experts warn about the water crisis). You are also aware of the word's etymology and how it relates to other words in the 'hosh' family, like 'hushyār' (alert/sober).
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At the C1 level, you possess a deep understanding of 'هشدار' in legal, academic, and literary contexts. You can analyze the rhetorical use of warnings in Persian literature or political speeches. You understand how the intensity of the word changes based on the adjectives used with it (e.g., 'hoshdār-e shadid' vs. 'hoshdār-e mola'yem'). You can use the word to write formal reports or give presentations on risk management. You also recognize the cultural weight of the word—how 'giving a warning' in Iranian culture might involve specific social etiquettes (Ta'arof) or directness depending on the hierarchy.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'هشدار' is near-native. You can use it with precision in high-level legal drafting or philosophical discourse. You understand the subtle historical shifts in the word's usage from classical Persian to modern technical jargon. You can appreciate and use the word in creative writing to evoke specific moods of tension or foresight. You are capable of debating the ethics of 'hoshdār' in public policy, such as the balance between public safety warnings and causing panic. You also understand the most obscure synonyms and related archaic terms.
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هشدار 30초 만에

  • Hoshdār means 'warning' or 'alert' in Persian.
  • It comes from the roots for 'consciousness' and 'having'.
  • Commonly used as 'hoshdār dādan' (to warn).
  • Essential for safety, technology, and formal communication.

The Persian word هشدار (hoshdār) is a multifaceted noun that primarily translates to 'warning' or 'alert' in English. Etymologically, it is a compound of two parts: hosh (meaning consciousness, sense, or intelligence) and the stem of dāshtan (to have or to keep). Literally, it suggests the act of 'keeping one's senses' or 'maintaining awareness.' In a linguistic context, it serves as a crucial signal to prevent danger, error, or oversight. Unlike a simple 'notice' (eclā'), a هشدار carries an inherent weight of urgency and potential consequence. It is the verbal or written fence built before a cliff. In modern Persian, its usage spans from high-tech digital notifications to the stern verbal cautions given by a parent or a legal authority. Understanding this word requires looking beyond the dictionary definition and into the psychology of 'Hosh'—the Persian concept of mental presence. When someone gives you a هشدار, they are essentially asking you to return to a state of full consciousness regarding a specific threat.

Root Origin
Middle Persian 'hōš' (intelligence) + 'dār' (possessor).
Semantic Field
Safety, Security, Law, and Cognitive Awareness.
Intensity Level
Moderate to High; more serious than 'tazakkor' (reminder) but less final than 'ekhtār' (ultimatum).

"پلیس درباره لغزندگی جاده‌ها هشدار داد." (The police gave a warning about the slipperiness of the roads.)

In the digital age, this word has found a permanent home in UI/UX design. Every time your phone pings to tell you your battery is low or a login attempt was blocked, that is a hoshdār. It is also deeply embedded in environmental discourse; scientists provide hoshdār-hā-ye zist-mohiti (environmental warnings) regarding climate change. The word functions as both a noun and part of a compound verb (hoshdār dādan). It is important to distinguish it from āgāhi, which is general awareness or an advertisement. A warning is specific and actionable. It demands a change in behavior or a heightened state of vigilance.

"سیستم امنیتی هشدار سرقت را فعال کرد." (The security system activated the theft alert.)

Formal Usage
Found in official government statements and legal documents.
Informal Usage
Used among friends to warn about a strict teacher or a bad neighborhood.

Furthermore, the concept of hoshdār is linked to the Persian literary tradition of 'Pand-o-Andarz' (Advice and Counsel). Classical poets often used the root 'hosh' to remind readers of the transience of life. While 'hoshdār' itself is more modern in its specific 'alert' sense, the underlying call to 'be awake' is a cornerstone of Iranian philosophy. Whether it is a 'yellow warning' from the meteorological department or a 'final warning' from a bank, the word serves as a linguistic red flag. It is the bridge between safety and danger, knowledge and action.

Using هشدار correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its common verbal pairings. The most frequent construction is hoshdār dādan (to give a warning). This is a transitive compound verb. For example, 'Man be u hoshdār dādam' (I warned him). Notice that the recipient of the warning is usually preceded by the preposition be (to). Another common construction is hoshdār gereftan (to receive/take a warning), though this is less common than 'motevajjeh-e hoshdār shodan' (becoming aware of the warning).

Verb Pairing 1
هشدار دادن (Hoshdār dādan): To warn / To issue an alert.
Verb Pairing 2
هشدار شنیدن (Hoshdār shenidan): To hear/receive a warning.
Verb Pairing 3
هشدار جدی گرفتن (Hoshdār jeddi gereftan): To take a warning seriously.

"دولت به احتکارکنندگان هشدار نهایی را داد." (The government gave the final warning to the hoarders.)

In technical contexts, you will see hoshdār used as a prefix or suffix in compound nouns. For instance, hoshdār-dehande (warning-giver/indicator) or cherāgh-e hoshdār (warning light). When describing the nature of the warning, adjectives follow the noun: hoshdār-e keti (written warning), hoshdār-e shafāhi (verbal warning), or hoshdār-e zud-hangām (early warning). It is also used in the plural form hoshdār-hā to refer to a series of alerts. In formal writing, particularly journalism, 'hoshdār' is often the subject of verbs like 'tashdid shodan' (to be intensified) or 'montasher shodan' (to be published/released).

Another nuance is the difference between hoshdār and ekhtār. While often used interchangeably, ekhtār is typically more formal and legalistic, often implying a 'notice' that precedes a penalty. Hoshdār is broader and can be used for natural phenomena (like a storm) where no human 'penalty' is involved, only natural consequence. When writing, ensure the tone matches the context. If you are writing a software manual, 'hoshdār' is the standard term for 'Warning' (usually followed by 'Ehtiyāt' for 'Caution').

The word هشدار is ubiquitous in Iranian daily life, appearing in various registers. One of the most common places is the daily news broadcast (akhbār). Meteorologists frequently use it: 'Hoshdār-e narenji' (Orange warning) or 'Hoshdār-e ghermez' (Red warning) for severe weather. These color-coded warnings have become part of the common lexicon due to increasing climate volatility. You will also hear it in public transport announcements, such as warnings to stay behind the yellow line on subway platforms.

"سازمان هواشناسی هشدار سطح زرد صادر کرد." (The Meteorological Organization issued a yellow level warning.)

Public Media
Radio alerts about traffic jams or air pollution levels.
Healthcare
Warnings on medicine packaging or health ministry alerts about virus outbreaks.
Technology
Error messages on computers and smartphones.

In the workplace, a manager might give a hoshdār regarding performance or punctuality. In this context, it is often a precursor to a formal disciplinary action. In schools, teachers use it to manage classroom behavior. Interestingly, the word is also common in political rhetoric, where leaders 'warn' other nations or internal factions about certain policies. This 'diplomatic warning' (hoshdār-e diplomātik) is a staple of international news headlines in Persian media.

Lastly, in the realm of literature and cinema, 'hoshdār' is used to create suspense. A character might ignore a 'mysterious warning,' leading to the plot's climax. In documentaries, it is used to highlight existential threats to wildlife or historical sites. Because the word implies a 'call to consciousness,' it carries a moral weight that other informative words lack. It is not just data; it is a call to action.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing هشدار (hoshdār) with ekhtār (warning/notice) or āgāhi (awareness/ad). While ekhtār is a synonym, it is specifically used for legal or official 'notices' that have a 'do this or else' structure. Using ekhtār for a weather report sounds slightly unnatural; hoshdār is the better fit for natural events. Conversely, using hoshdār for a legal eviction notice might lack the necessary formal 'legal' weight of ekhtār.

Mistake 1
Using 'hoshdār' instead of 'āgāhi' for advertisements. (Hoshdār is negative/preventative; Āgāhi is informative/promotional).
Mistake 2
Incorrect preposition usage. Learners often say 'hoshdār barāye' instead of 'hoshdār be'.
Mistake 3
Confusing 'hoshdār' with 'hush' (intelligence). While related, they are not interchangeable.

"غلط: من به او آگاهی دادم که جاده خطرناک است. (Wrong: I gave him an 'ad' that the road is dangerous.)"

Another common error is in the compound verb construction. Some learners try to use hoshdār kardan. While āgāh kardan (to make aware) is correct, hoshdār kardan is not standard Persian. You must use hoshdār dādan. Additionally, pay attention to the intensity. If you are just reminding someone of a small thing, like 'don't forget your keys,' hoshdār is too strong. Use yād-āvari (reminder) instead. Using hoshdār for trivial matters can make you sound overly dramatic or alarmist.

Finally, avoid the literal translation of 'warning' in every context. For example, 'Warning: High Voltage' is translated as Khatar: Feshār-e Ghavi (Danger: High Pressure/Voltage) on signs, rather than using the word 'hoshdār'. In signage, Khatar (Danger) or Ehtiyāt (Caution) are often preferred over the noun hoshdār, which is more about the act of communication than the state of the hazard itself.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for alerts and advice. Understanding the nuances between هشدار and its synonyms will elevate your fluency. The closest synonym is ekhtār (اخطار). As mentioned, ekhtār is more formal, often used by banks, courts, or referees in a football match (e.g., ekhtār-e kat-e zard - yellow card warning). It implies a violation has occurred or is about to result in a penalty.

اخطار (Ekhtār)
Formal notice or ultimatum. Often legal or sports-related.
تذکر (Tazakkor)
A mention or a reminder. Much milder than a warning. Used for minor corrections.
آگاهی (Āgāhi)
General awareness, information, or an advertisement. Neutral tone.

"داور به بازیکن اخطار داد." (The referee gave the player a warning/caution.)

Another related word is talangar (تلنگر). This literally means a 'flick' or a 'nudge.' Metaphorically, it is used for a 'wake-up call' or a subtle warning that makes one think. It is often used in spiritual or psychological contexts. Then there is bim-dādan (بیم دادن), which means to frighten or to warn by instilling fear. This is more literary and less common in daily conversation. Pish-āgāhi (پیش‌آگاهی) is 'prognosis' or 'forewarning,' often used in medical or technical contexts to describe predicting a future state.

Lastly, e'lām-e khatar (اعلام خطر) means 'sounding the alarm' or 'declaring danger.' While hoshdār is the message, e'lām-e khatar is the act of signaling that danger is present. For example, a smoke detector performs an e'lām-e khatar. Understanding these distinctions helps in choosing the word that carries the right emotional and formal weight for your specific situation.

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Compound Verbs

Prepositions (be, darbāre-ye)

Ezafe construction

Subordinate clauses with 'ke'

Passive voice

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수준별 예문

1

این یک هشدار است.

This is a warning.

Simple subject-predicate sentence.

2

هشدار گوشی من بلند است.

My phone's warning (alert) is loud.

Possessive construction with 'ezafe'.

3

او به من هشدار داد.

He warned me.

Simple past tense of a compound verb.

4

هشدار: آب داغ است.

Warning: The water is hot.

Noun used as a label.

5

چرا هشدار می‌دهی؟

Why are you warning (me)?

Present continuous question.

6

من هشدار را شنیدم.

I heard the warning.

Direct object with 'rā'.

7

هشدار قرمز چیست؟

What is a red warning?

Question with 'chist' (what is).

8

به هشدار توجه کن.

Pay attention to the warning.

Imperative sentence.

1

هواشناسی هشدار باران داد.

The weather service gave a rain warning.

Compound verb with a specific noun.

2

این هشدار خیلی جدی نیست.

This warning is not very serious.

Adjective 'jeddi' modifying the noun.

3

او بدون هشدار رفت.

He left without warning.

Prepositional phrase 'bedun-e' (without).

4

ما به هشدارها نیاز داریم.

We need warnings.

Plural noun with 'hā'.

5

سیستم هشدار خراب است.

The warning system is broken.

Compound noun phrase.

6

آیا هشدار را خواندی؟

Did you read the warning?

Simple past question.

7

هشدار زرد یعنی احتیاط کنید.

Yellow warning means be cautious.

Definition sentence.

8

پدرم به من هشدار داد که مراقب باشم.

My father warned me to be careful.

Complex sentence with 'ke' (that).

1

پلیس درباره ترافیک سنگین هشدار داد.

The police warned about heavy traffic.

Preposition 'darbāre-ye' (about).

2

او هشدار نهایی را نادیده گرفت.

He ignored the final warning.

Past tense with 'nādide gereftan' (to ignore).

3

این برنامه هشدارهای لازم را می‌دهد.

This app gives the necessary warnings.

Adjective 'lāzem' (necessary).

4

قبل از طوفان، هشدار صادر شد.

Before the storm, a warning was issued.

Passive construction 'sāder shod'.

5

هشدار دادن به دیگران وظیفه ماست.

Warning others is our duty.

Gerund/Infinitive as a subject.

6

او با یک هشدار شفاهی بخشیده شد.

He was forgiven with a verbal warning.

Adjective 'shafāhi' (verbal).

7

چرا به هشدارهای ایمنی توجه نمی‌کنی؟

Why don't you pay attention to safety warnings?

Negative present continuous question.

8

این دارو هشدار مصرف دارد.

This medicine has a usage warning.

Noun-noun compound.

1

دانشمندان درباره گرمایش زمین هشدار می‌دهند.

Scientists are warning about global warming.

Present continuous for ongoing action.

2

او به دلیل نادیده گرفتن هشدارها جریمه شد.

He was fined for ignoring the warnings.

Reasoning with 'be dalil-e'.

3

هشدار زودهنگام می‌تواند جان انسان‌ها را نجات دهد.

Early warning can save human lives.

Modal verb 'tavānestan'.

4

این فیلم حاوی هشدارهای خشونت‌آمیز است.

This movie contains violence warnings.

Verb 'hāvi budan' (to contain).

5

دولت هشدار داد که با متخلفان برخورد خواهد کرد.

The government warned it will deal with offenders.

Future tense in a subordinate clause.

6

او هشدار داد که وضعیت اقتصادی رو به وخامت است.

He warned that the economic situation is worsening.

Idiomatic 'ru be vokhāmat' (worsening).

7

علائم هشداردهنده را باید جدی گرفت.

Warning signs must be taken seriously.

Participial adjective 'hoshdār-dehande'.

8

او بدون هیچ هشداری استعفا داد.

He resigned without any warning.

Emphasis with 'hich' (any/none).

1

گزارش اخیر هشداری جدی برای سیاست‌مداران است.

The recent report is a serious warning for politicians.

Noun as a metaphor.

2

او با لحنی هشدارآمیز با من صحبت کرد.

He spoke to me in a warning tone.

Adverbial phrase with 'lahn' (tone).

3

این اتفاق هشداری بود که نباید به هر کسی اعتماد کرد.

This event was a warning that one shouldn't trust anyone.

Complex philosophical sentence.

4

سازمان ملل هشدار شدیدی صادر کرد.

The UN issued a stern warning.

Formal adjective 'shadid'.

5

او هشدارهای مکرر پزشک را نشنیده گرفت.

He ignored the doctor's repeated warnings.

Adjective 'mokarrar' (repeated).

6

در متن قرارداد، هشدارهای حقوقی لازم ذکر شده است.

In the contract text, necessary legal warnings are mentioned.

Passive 'zekr shode ast'.

7

هشدار او به موقع بود و از فاجعه جلوگیری کرد.

His warning was timely and prevented a disaster.

Adjective 'be moghe' (timely).

8

نویسنده در کتاب خود درباره زوال اخلاق هشدار می‌دهد.

The author warns about the decline of morality in his book.

Academic/Literary context.

1

این پدیده هشداری استراتژیک برای امنیت ملی محسوب می‌شود.

This phenomenon is considered a strategic warning for national security.

Formal verb 'mohsub shodan'.

2

او با ظرافت تمام هشدارهای لازم را در لفافه بیان کرد.

He expressed the necessary warnings very subtly and indirectly.

Idiom 'dar lafāfe' (indirectly/in a wrapper).

3

هشدارها حاکی از آن است که بحران در حال تعمیق است.

The warnings indicate that the crisis is deepening.

Formal phrase 'hāki az ān ast'.

4

بی‌توجهی به این هشدارها پیامدهای جبران‌ناپذیری خواهد داشت.

Ignoring these warnings will have irreparable consequences.

Adjective 'jobrān-nā-pazir' (irreparable).

5

او در قامت یک مصلح اجتماعی، هشدارهای تندی به جامعه داد.

In the role of a social reformer, he gave sharp warnings to society.

Literary phrase 'dar ghāmat-e'.

6

این هشدارها صرفاً جنبه پیشگیرانه دارند.

These warnings are purely preventive in nature.

Adverb 'serfan' (purely/merely).

7

او هشدارهای غریزی خود را نادیده گرفت و وارد معامله شد.

He ignored his instinctive warnings and entered the deal.

Adjective 'gharizi' (instinctive).

8

توالی این هشدارها نشان‌دهنده یک نقص سیستماتیک است.

The sequence of these warnings indicates a systematic flaw.

Noun 'tavāli' (sequence).

동의어

اخطار آگاهی تذکر بیم آگهی گوشزد تلنگر اعلام خطر

반의어

اطمینان تشویق تایید غفلت

자주 쓰는 조합

هشدار دادن
هشدار گرفتن
هشدار جدی
هشدار نهایی
سیستم هشدار
چراغ هشدار
هشدار هواشناسی
هشدار کتبی
هشدار شفاهی
صدور هشدار

자주 쓰는 구문

بدون هشدار قبلی
هشدار قرمز
گوش به زنگ و هشدار
در معرض هشدار
بی‌توجهی به هشدار
هشدار امنیتی
هشدار زودهنگام
لحن هشدارآمیز
پیام هشدار
هشدار به متخلفان

자주 혼동되는 단어

هشدار vs اخطار

Ekhtār is more legal/punitive; Hoshdār is more general/preventative.

هشدار vs آگاهی

Āgāhi is information/awareness; Hoshdār is a warning of danger.

هشدار vs تذکر

Tazakkor is a mild reminder; Hoshdār is a serious warning.

관용어 및 표현

"زنگ خطر را به صدا درآوردن"
"گوشزد کردن"
"حجت را تمام کردن"
"چشم و گوش کسی را باز کردن"
"تلنگر زدن"
"خط و نشان کشیدن"
"توی گوش کسی خواندن"
"آژیر قرمز کشیدن"
"به هوش بودن"
"پنبه از گوش درآوردن"

혼동하기 쉬운

هشدار vs

هشدار vs

هشدار vs

هشدار vs

هشدار vs

문장 패턴

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

legal

Often replaced by 'Ekhtār' in formal court documents.

digital

Used for 'Alert' or 'Warning' in software localization.

자주 하는 실수
  • Saying 'hoshdār kardan' instead of 'hoshdār dādan'.
  • Using 'hoshdār' for a positive announcement.
  • Forgetting the preposition 'be' before the person being warned.
  • Confusing 'hoshdār' with 'āgāhi' (advertisement).
  • Using it for very minor things like 'I warn you the tea is cold' (too dramatic).

팁

Verb Agreement

Always use 'dādan' with 'hoshdār'. Never use 'kardan'.

Color Codes

Learn colors like 'zard' (yellow) and 'ghermaz' (red) to understand weather warnings.

Indirectness

In social settings, Iranians might use 'tazakkor' to be more polite than 'hoshdār'.

Tech Terms

Look for 'hoshdār' in your phone's Persian language settings to see it in action.

Formal Tone

Use 'hoshdār-e keti' for 'written warning' in business contexts.

News Cues

The phrase 'sāzmān-e havāshenāsi hoshdār dād' is a very common news opener.

Emphasis

Put emphasis on the 'dār' to sound more natural.

Root Link

Connect it to 'hush' (smart). A warning makes you act 'smart' about danger.

Signs

On road signs, look for 'khatar' (danger) which is the result of ignoring a 'hoshdār'.

Nuance

Use 'talangar' for a 'wake-up call' and 'hoshdār' for a 'danger alert'.

암기하기

기억법

Hosh (Hush/Silence) + Dar (Door). Imagine a 'Hush' sign on a 'Door' to warn you to be quiet.

어원

Middle Persian

문화적 맥락

Persian news uses 'hoshdār' frequently to create a sense of national urgency.

Giving a warning to an elder requires a very polite tone, often using 'tazakkor' instead.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"آیا تا به حال هشدار جدی از کسی گرفته‌ای؟"

"به نظر تو مهم‌ترین هشدار برای دنیای امروز چیست؟"

"وقتی گوشی‌ات هشدار می‌دهد، چه حسی داری؟"

"آیا هشدارهای هواشناسی را جدی می‌گیری؟"

"چطور می‌توان به یک دوست هشدار داد بدون اینکه ناراحت شود؟"

일기 주제

درباره زمانی بنویس که یک هشدار زندگی تو را نجات داد.

اگر می‌توانستی به خودِ ده سال پیشت یک هشدار بدهی، چه می‌گفتی؟

چرا بعضی از مردم هشدارها را نادیده می‌گیرند؟

نقش هشدارها در حفظ محیط زیست را توصیف کن.

یک داستان کوتاه بنویس که با یک هشدار مرموز شروع می‌شود.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Hoshdār is a general warning, while Ekhtār is a formal, often legal notice. You receive a Hoshdār for a storm, but an Ekhtār from a bank for an unpaid loan.

No, for an alarm clock, we use 'sā'at-e zangi'. However, 'hoshdār' can refer to a digital alert on a phone.

It is neutral to formal. It is used in daily conversation but is also the standard term in news and official reports.

You say 'Be to hoshdār midaham' (formal) or 'Behet hoshdār midam' (informal).

It means 'Red Warning', the highest level of alert, usually for extreme weather or danger.

Not alone. It must be paired with 'dādan' to form the compound verb 'hoshdār dādan'.

Yes, but 'ekhtār' or 'kart-e zard' is more common for a referee's warning.

There isn't a direct single word, but 'etminān' (reassurance) or 'tashvigh' (encouragement) are contextual opposites.

Yes, for side effects or contraindications on medicine labels.

Yes, 'hoshdār-hā'. It is used when there are multiple alerts.

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