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A1 verb #1,500 가장 일반적인 5분 분량

خریدن

kharidan 상위 1,500

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 خریدن 30초 만에

설명 خریدن in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'kharidan' is used for basic needs. You learn to say 'I buy bread', 'I buy milk', or 'I want to buy this'. The focus is on the present tense (mikharam) and the simple past (kharidam). You should be able to use it in a sentence with a simple object and perhaps a price. For example: 'Man sib mikharam' (I buy apples). At this stage, don't worry about complex moods; just focus on the 'Subject + Object + Verb' structure. You will use it mostly in the context of food, clothes, and basic shopping.

At A2, you start using 'kharidan' to describe your daily routine and past experiences in more detail. You might say 'Yesterday I went to the store and bought three books'. You also begin to use the future tense 'khāham kharid' (I will buy) and the imperative 'bekhar' (buy). You should be able to handle simple shopping interactions, asking 'How much did you buy this for?' (In rā chand kharidi?). You also start to see the noun 'kharid' in phrases like 'kharid raftan' (to go shopping).

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By B1, you are comfortable using 'kharidan' in the subjunctive mood to express desires, plans, and possibilities. 'Maybe I will buy it' (Shāyad bekharam) or 'I had to buy it' (Majbur budam bekharam). You also start to understand the use of 'kharidan' in more abstract ways, like 'buying time' or 'buying someone's word'. You can describe the process of buying something in a narrative, including the negotiation or the reasons why you chose one item over another. Your sentences become longer, using conjunctions like 'because' or 'although'.

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At the B2 level, you use 'kharidan' in professional and social contexts with nuance. You understand the difference between 'kharidan' and 'tahiye kardan' (procuring). you can discuss economic trends, like 'people are buying fewer luxury goods'. You are also familiar with common idioms involving 'kharidan', such as 'be jān kharidan' (to accept a risk or hardship willingly). You can write a formal email asking about the terms of a purchase or a complaint about a product you bought. Your grammar is precise, including the correct use of 'ra' and complex tense combinations.

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At C1, 'kharidan' is used in sophisticated discourse. You can discuss the ethics of consumerism (kharid-garāyi) or the legalities of 'kharid-e saham' (stock acquisition). You understand the historical etymology of the word and its cognates in other Indo-European languages. You can use the verb in high-level literature or academic writing, often substituting it with more formal synonyms like 'ebte'ā' or 'tamin' when appropriate. You can also interpret metaphorical uses in classical Persian poetry, where 'buying' might refer to spiritual acquisition or divine grace.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native command of 'kharidan'. You can use it in puns, wordplay, and complex rhetorical devices. You understand the most obscure idioms and can use the verb to discuss philosophy or complex economic theories with ease. You can switch between colloquial and highly formal registers effortlessly. For a C2 learner, 'kharidan' is not just a verb but a tool for expressing subtle shades of meaning in any context, from a street market to a corporate boardroom or a literary salon.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

خریدن 30초 만에

Kharidan means 'to buy' in Persian.
The past stem is 'kharid' and the present stem is 'khar'.
It is a transitive verb requiring an object, often with 'ra'.
Commonly used in daily shopping and metaphorical expressions.

The Persian verb خریدن (Kharidan) is a fundamental pillar of the Persian language, primarily translated as 'to buy' or 'to purchase'. At its core, it represents the act of acquiring goods, services, or even abstract concepts in exchange for currency or value. In the context of Iranian culture, where the 'Bazaar' is not just a marketplace but a social heartbeat, understanding 'kharidan' is essential for daily survival and social integration. It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object—the thing being bought.

Literal Meaning: The physical or digital transaction of paying money for an item. For example, buying bread (نان خریدن) or buying a house (خانه خریدن).
Metaphorical Meaning: In Persian literature and slang, it can mean 'to accept' or 'to endure'. For instance, 'jaan kharidan' (buying life) can imply saving someone or taking on a burden for their sake.
Grammatical Root: The past stem is 'kharid' (خرید) and the present stem is 'khar' (خر). It follows the standard conjugation patterns for regular verbs in the past tense, but has a unique present stem.

من هر روز از این نانوایی نان تازه می‌خرم.
— Translation: I buy fresh bread from this bakery every day.

To truly master 'kharidan', one must look beyond the simple transaction. In Persian, the verb often pairs with specific nouns to create compound meanings. For example, 'kharid-o-forush' refers to 'buying and selling' or 'trade'. The word 'kharid' itself is also used as a noun to mean 'shopping'. When you say 'miram kharid', you are saying 'I am going shopping'.

آیا می‌خواهی این کتاب را برای دوستت بخری؟
— Translation: Do you want to buy this book for your friend?

Furthermore, 'kharidan' is used in legal contexts (buying property), digital contexts (buying apps), and emotional contexts (buying into an idea). Its versatility makes it one of the top 100 most used verbs in the Persian language. In the following sections, we will explore its conjugation, common collocations, and how to avoid mistakes when using it in various CEFR levels.

Using خریدن correctly requires an understanding of its stems and how it interacts with the object marker 'ra' (را). Because 'kharidan' is a transitive verb, if the object you are buying is specific, you must follow it with 'ra'.

Conjugation: Past Tense: To say 'I bought', use the past stem 'kharid' + personal endings: kharidam, kharidi, kharid, kharidim, kharidid, kharidand.
Conjugation: Present Tense: To say 'I buy' or 'I am buying', use the prefix 'mi-' + present stem 'khar' + personal endings: mi-khar-am, mi-khar-i, mi-khar-ad, etc.

من ماشین را خریدم.
— Translation: I bought the car (Specific object + ra).

When using 'kharidan' in the imperative (giving a command), you use the prefix 'be-' with the present stem. 'Bekhar!' means 'Buy!'. If you want to say 'Don't buy!', use 'Nakhar!'. This is very common in markets when friends give advice to each other about the quality of goods.

این میوه‌ها خوب نیستند، آن‌ها را نخر!
— Translation: These fruits aren't good, don't buy them!

Another important aspect is the 'Subjunctive' mood. When you say 'I want to buy', you use 'می‌خواهم بخرم' (Mikhaaham bekharam). The 'be-' prefix is added to the present stem. This is essential for expressing intentions and desires, which are frequent in shopping scenarios.

You will encounter خریدن in almost every corner of Iranian life. From the bustling Grand Bazaar of Tehran to modern shopping malls like Iran Mall, the word is ubiquitous. However, the *way* you hear it changes depending on the setting.

In the Bazaar: You'll hear vendors shouting 'Bia bekhar!' (Come buy!) or customers asking 'Chantā bekharam?' (How many should I buy?).
In Formal News: The news might report on 'Kharid-e taslihāt' (buying weapons) or 'Kharid-e saham' (buying stocks/shares), using the noun form derived from the verb.

دیروز رفتم بازار که برای عید لباس بخرم.
— Translation: Yesterday I went to the bazaar to buy clothes for Nowruz.

In TV dramas and movies, 'kharidan' is often used in family discussions about finances. A father might say 'Nemitoonam bekharam' (I can't buy it), reflecting the economic realities. In songs, it might be used metaphorically, like 'buying the sorrow of a loved one' (Gham-e to ra mikharam), which means 'I will take your sadness upon myself'.

Even though خریدن is an A1 level verb, many learners make subtle mistakes in its application, especially regarding grammar and stem confusion.

Confusing Stems: Learners often use the past stem 'kharid' in the present tense (e.g., *man mikharidam* instead of *man mikharam*). Remember: Past is 'kharid', Present is 'khar'.
Omitting 'Ra' (را): If you say 'I bought the book', you must say 'Ketāb RA kharidam'. Saying 'Ketāb kharidam' means 'I bought a book' or 'I did some book-buying'.

❌ من می‌خواهم این را خرید.
✅ من می‌خواهم این را بخرم.

Another mistake is using 'kharidan' when 'tahiye kardan' (to provide/procure) is more appropriate in formal writing. 'Kharidan' is very direct; in a business proposal, 'tahiye' or 'tamin' sounds more professional. Also, avoid using 'kharidan' for 'paying' (pardākhtan). You buy an item, but you pay a price.

Persian has several words related to acquisition. Knowing the difference between خریدن and its synonyms will elevate your fluency.

خریدن (Kharidan) vs. تهیه کردن (Tahiye Kardan): Kharidan is the simple act of buying. Tahiye Kardan is 'to prepare' or 'to procure', often used when effort is involved beyond just paying money.
خریدن (Kharidan) vs. ابتیاع کردن (Ebte'ā Kardan): Ebte'ā is an extremely formal, Arabic-rooted synonym used in legal documents or high literature. You will almost never hear this in conversation.

او موفق شد بلیت هواپیما را تهیه کند.
— Translation: He managed to procure the plane ticket (implies it was difficult to find).

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Object marker 'ra'

Subjunctive mood

Compound verbs with 'kardan'

Future tense construction

Imperative formation

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수준별 예문

من نان می‌خرم.

I buy bread.

Present continuous/habitual tense.

او سیب خرید.

He/She bought an apple.

Simple past tense.

ما کتاب می‌خریم.

We buy books.

First person plural present.

آنها شیر خریدند.

They bought milk.

Third person plural past.

آیا تو این را می‌خری؟

Do you buy this?

Question form.

من لباس خریدم.

I bought clothes.

Simple past.

مادرم گوشت می‌خرد.

My mother buys meat.

Third person singular present.

این را بخر!

Buy this!

Imperative mood.

دیروز یک ماشین خریدم.

I bought a car yesterday.

Past tense with time adverb.

می‌خواهم برایت هدیه بخرم.

I want to buy a gift for you.

Subjunctive mood after 'want'.

او همیشه از این مغازه خرید می‌کند.

He always shops at this store.

Compound verb 'kharid kardan'.

فردا کفش خواهیم خرید.

We will buy shoes tomorrow.

Future tense.

چرا این کتاب را خریدی؟

Why did you buy this book?

Interrogative past.

من هرگز از آنجا چیزی نمی‌خرم.

I never buy anything from there.

Negative present.

باید برای خانه میوه بخریم.

We must buy fruit for the house.

Modal verb 'must' + subjunctive.

او برای تولدش یک گوشی خرید.

He bought a phone for his birthday.

Past tense with purpose.

اگر پول داشتم، آن خانه را می‌خریدم.

If I had money, I would buy that house.

Conditional type 2.

او ترجیح می‌دهد کتاب‌های دست‌دوم بخرد.

He prefers to buy second-hand books.

Subjunctive after 'prefer'.

قبل از اینکه گران شود، آن را خریدم.

I bought it before it became expensive.

Past tense with temporal clause.

فکر می‌کنم باید یک کامپیوتر جدید بخرم.

I think I should buy a new computer.

Subjunctive expressing opinion.

آنها در حال خریدن وسایل سفر هستند.

They are in the middle of buying travel gear.

Present continuous construction.

کاش این لباس را نمی‌خریدم.

I wish I hadn't bought this dress.

Wish/Regret in the past.

او با خریدن این سهام ریسک بزرگی کرد.

He took a big risk by buying these shares.

Gerund-like use of 'kharidan'.

آیا می‌توانی برای من هم نان بخری؟

Can you buy bread for me too?

Subjunctive after 'can'.

دولت قصد دارد هواپیماهای جدیدی بخرد.

The government intends to buy new planes.

Formal intention.

او با خریدن وقت، توانست پروژه را تمام کند.

By buying time, he was able to finish the project.

Metaphorical usage.

بسیاری از مردم به خریدن کالاهای لوکس علاقه دارند.

Many people are interested in buying luxury goods.

Infinitive as a noun.

او تمام سختی‌ها را به جان خرید تا موفق شود.

He accepted all hardships to succeed.

Idiomatic usage 'be jān kharidan'.

این شرکت رقیب خود را به قیمت بالایی خرید.

This company bought its competitor at a high price.

Corporate context.

خریدن ملک در این منطقه سرمایه‌گذاری خوبی است.

Buying property in this area is a good investment.

Gerund as subject.

او بدون اینکه فکر کند، آن را خرید.

He bought it without thinking.

Adverbial clause.

باید قبل از خریدن، کیفیت آن را بررسی می‌کردی.

You should have checked its quality before buying.

Past modal advice.

خریدن آبرو کار ساده‌ای نیست.

Buying (regaining) one's reputation is not an easy task.

Abstract metaphorical use.

او با خریدن آرای مردم به قدرت رسید.

He came to power by buying people's votes.

Political context.

فرهنگ مصرف‌گرایی مردم را به خریدن بیش از حد سوق می‌دهد.

Consumer culture drives people to over-buy.

Sociological context.

او حق امتیاز این اثر را به طور کامل خرید.

He bought the full copyright of this work.

Legal/Intellectual property context.

منتقدان معتقدند او داوران را خریده است.

Critics believe he has bought (bribed) the judges.

Colloquial use for bribery.

خریدن این ریسک برای شرکت ما عقلانی نیست.

Taking on (buying) this risk is not rational for our company.

Risk management context.

او با خریدن سکوت رقیبش، پیروز شد.

He won by buying his rival's silence.

Metaphorical transaction.

در متون کهن، خریدن گاه به معنای رهایی بخشیدن است.

In ancient texts, 'buying' sometimes means to liberate.

Historical/Literary note.

او با مناعت طبع، فقر را به خریدن منت ثروتمندان ترجیح داد.

With magnanimity, he preferred poverty over buying (accepting) the obligation of the rich.

High literary register.

خریدن جان در ازای مال، مضمونی تکراری در تراژدی‌هاست.

Buying life in exchange for wealth is a recurring theme in tragedies.

Philosophical/Literary analysis.

سیاست‌های انقباضی مانع از خریدن بی‌رویه ارز توسط دلالان شد.

Contractionary policies prevented the excessive buying of currency by speculators.

Macroeconomic context.

او تمام ملامت‌ها را به جان خرید اما از عقیده‌اش دست نکشید.

He accepted all reproaches but did not abandon his belief.

Advanced idiomatic usage.

خریدن زمان در شطرنج حرفه‌ای یک استراتژی حیاتی است.

Buying time in professional chess is a vital strategy.

Technical metaphorical use.

این معامله به معنای خریدن دردسر برای سازمان است.

This deal is equivalent to buying trouble for the organization.

Idiomatic 'buying trouble'.

او با خریدن ناز معشوق، وفاداری خود را ثابت کرد.

By indulging (buying) the beloved's whims, he proved his loyalty.

Classical poetic idiom.

در این بازار مکاره، هر کسی به نوعی در حال خریدن فریب است.

In this vanity fair, everyone is somehow buying into deception.

Cynical philosophical usage.

동의어

خریداری کردن تهیه کردن سفارش دادن ابتیاع کردن گرفتن

반의어

فروش دادن رها کردن پس گرفتن نگرفتن فروختن

자주 쓰는 조합

خریدن نان

خریدن ماشین

خریدن خانه

خریدن لباس

خریدن سهام

خریدن وقت

خریدن آبرو

خریدن ناز

خریدن بلیت

خریدن میوه

자주 쓰는 구문

خرید و فروش

خرید کردن

قدرت خرید

سبد خرید

مرکز خرید

فاکتور خرید

راهنمای خرید

خرید آنلاین

خرید عمده

خرید جزئی

자주 혼동되는 단어

خریدن vs خوردن (to eat)

خریدن vs خواندن (to read)

خریدن vs خندیدن (to laugh)

관용어 및 표현

"به جان خریدن"

"ناز کسی را خریدن"

"وقت خریدن"

"آبرو خریدن"

"دردسر خریدن"

"غصه کسی را خریدن"

"منت کسی را خریدن"

"دنیا را خریدن"

"خواب خریدن"

"رای خریدن"

혼동하기 쉬운

خریدن vs خوردن

خریدن vs خر

문장 패턴

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

general objects

Do not require 'ra'.

specific objects

Require 'ra'.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'kharid' for present tense.
Forgetting 'mi-' in 'mikharam'.
Omitting 'ra' for specific items.
Confusing 'kharidan' with 'khordan'.
Using 'kharidan' for 'paying money' (should be pardākhtan).

팁

Stem Mastery

Practice switching between 'khar' and 'kharid' daily.

Bargaining

Never buy the first price in a bazaar; always negotiate.

Compound Verbs

Learn 'kharid-o-forush' for business contexts.

Colloquialism

Drop the 'd' in present tense endings for a native sound.

Object Marker

Always check for 'ra' when the object is 'this' or 'that'.

Context

If you hear 'khar', check if it's a verb or a donkey!

Visual

Imagine a shopping cart whenever you say 'kharidan'.

Gifts

Buying gifts is very important in Iranian culture (Soughāt).

Don't confuse with 'khordan'

Kharidan (buy) vs Khordan (eat). Don't eat your car!

Metaphors

Try using 'be jān kharidan' in your B2/C1 essays.

암기하기

어원

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷreih₂- (to buy), cognate with Sanskrit 'krīṇā́ti' and Greek 'priasthai'.

문화적 맥락

Shopkeepers may initially refuse payment as a gesture of respect.

Expected in traditional markets.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"این را از کجا خریدی؟"

"می‌خواهی با هم برویم خرید؟"

"قیمت این چنده؟ کجا بخرم؟"

"آخرین چیزی که خریدی چی بود؟"

"بهترین جا برای خرید لباس کجاست؟"

일기 주제

امروز چه چیزهایی خریدی؟

اگر پول زیادی داشتی، چه می‌خریدی؟

آیا خرید کردن را دوست داری؟ چرا؟

درباره یک خرید بد که داشتی بنویس.

تفاوت خرید آنلاین و خرید حضوری چیست؟

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Yes, it follows regular conjugation rules for the past tense, though the present stem 'khar' must be memorized.

Use 'Man dāram kharid mikonam' or 'Man be kharid miravam'.

'Kharidan' is to buy a specific thing. 'Kharid kardan' is the general act of shopping.

Yes, you can buy a service or a ticket for a service.

Say 'An rā nakhar!'.

Only if the object is definite/specific.

Man khāham kharid (I will buy).

Barāyat kharidam.

Yes, 'ebte'ā kardan' is very formal.

Yes, in slang contexts like 'buying a judge'.

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