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B1 verb #3,000 가장 일반적인 9분 분량

له کردن

lah kardan 상위 3,000

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 له کردن 30초 만에

설명 له کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should know 'lah kardan' as a basic word for cooking or simple actions. It means to mash something, like food. You might use it when talking about making a sandwich or helping with dinner. It is a compound verb, so you just need to change the 'kardan' part. For example, 'I mash' is 'man lah mikonam'. It is a useful word for basic kitchen vocabulary and describing simple physical actions like stepping on something by mistake.

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At the A2 level, you can use 'lah kardan' in more contexts, such as describing accidents or giving instructions. You can say 'The car crushed the box' or 'Please mash the bananas for the cake'. You should also start to recognize the difference between 'lah kardan' (to crush) and 'lah shodan' (to be crushed). This level involves understanding the past and future tenses of the verb and being able to use it with the object marker 'ra' correctly. It is often heard in daily chores and simple news stories.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'lah kardan' both literally and figuratively. You can use it to describe sports results (we crushed the other team) or to talk about how a heavy workload is 'crushing' you. You should understand the nuances between this verb and similar ones like 'khord kardan' (to chop) and 'koobidan' (to pound). You can also use it in more complex sentence structures, including conditional sentences and using it as a gerund or noun in 'lah-shodegi' (crushing/bruising).

At the B2 level, 'lah kardan' is used with more sophistication. You might use it in debates or to describe social issues, such as a large company 'crushing' small businesses. You should be able to use it in various registers, from very informal slang to formal reports. You will also encounter it in literature and media where it describes the psychological state of characters. At this level, you should have a firm grasp of the collocations and idioms associated with the word, such as 'lah o loorde' (completely crushed).

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At the C1 level, you use 'lah kardan' to convey deep emotional or structural impact. You might use it in academic or professional settings to describe the impact of a policy or a market shift. You understand the historical and cultural connotations of the word, especially in Persian culinary traditions and its metaphorical use in classical and modern poetry. You can distinguish between the subtle shades of meaning when compared to more formal synonyms like 'pay-mal kardan' or 'monhadem kardan'.

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At the C2 level, 'lah kardan' is a tool for precise and evocative expression. You can use it to describe the 'crushing' of an ideology, the 'mashing' of cultural identities, or in highly technical descriptions of mechanical processes. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker, employing the word with perfect timing in jokes, metaphors, and complex narratives. You are also aware of regional variations in how the word might be used or pronounced across the Persian-speaking world.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

له کردن 30초 만에

Lah kardan means to mash or crush physically, common in cooking and accidents.
It is a compound verb using 'kardan' (to do/make) as the auxiliary.
Metaphorically, it describes overwhelming victory or emotional devastation.
The passive form 'lah shodan' means to be crushed or exhausted.

The Persian verb له کردن (lah kardan) is a versatile compound verb that primarily describes the action of mashing, crushing, or reducing something to a pulpy, flattened, or formless state. At its core, it involves the application of physical pressure. In the context of a Persian kitchen, this is a daily word. Whether you are making Abgoosht and need to mash the meat and beans into a paste, or you are preparing garlic for a sauce, you are performing the act of lah kardan. The word captures the transition from a structured, solid object to a soft mass.

Physical Mashing: Applying force to food or soft objects to change their texture. Example: Mashing potatoes or crushing berries.
Destructive Crushing: Accidentally or intentionally flattening an object, like stepping on a bug or a car running over a cardboard box.
Metaphorical Defeat: In sports or competition, to 'crush' an opponent signifies a total and overwhelming victory.

Beyond the physical, lah kardan carries significant emotional and social weight. If someone’s pride is deeply wounded or their spirit is broken by harsh criticism, a Persian speaker might say their personality was 'crushed'. It implies a level of damage that makes it hard to return to the original form. This dual usage—literal and figurative—makes it an essential verb for intermediate learners who wish to express more than just basic physical actions.

آشپز سیب‌زمینی‌ها را با چنگال له کرد تا پوره درست کند.

The chef mashed the potatoes with a fork to make puree.

In modern slang, specifically among the youth in Tehran, the word can also describe extreme exhaustion. While 'lah shodan' (the passive form) is more common for saying 'I am exhausted', 'lah kardan' can be used to describe an activity that 'crushed' you or wore you out completely. For instance, a very difficult gym session might 'lah' your muscles.

ماشین سنگین کارتن‌ها را کاملاً له کرد.

The heavy vehicle completely crushed the boxes.

The word is also frequently used in news reports regarding accidents or natural disasters. If a building collapses under the weight of snow, or a car is flattened in a collision, the media will use this verb to emphasize the extent of the damage. It conveys a sense of finality and total destruction that words like 'shekastan' (to break) do not quite capture. 'Shekastan' implies pieces, while 'lah kardan' implies a loss of volume and shape.

Grammatically, له کردن is a transitive compound verb. This means it always acts upon an object. In Persian, this object is typically followed by the particle را (ra) if it is a specific noun. Understanding the placement of the object and the conjugation of the auxiliary verb kardan is key to mastering this word. The word lah remains static, while kardan changes according to tense, person, and mood.

Present Continuous: دارم سیرها را له می‌کنم (I am mashing the garlic). This indicates an ongoing action, usually in the kitchen.
Simple Past: او سوسک را له کرد (He crushed the cockroach). A completed action in the past.
Imperative: میوه‌ها را له نکن! (Don't mash the fruits!). Used for giving instructions or warnings.

When using it figuratively, the structure remains the same but the objects become abstract. For instance, 'to crush someone's spirit' would be ruhiye-ye kasi ra lah kardan. In sports commentary, you will often hear harif ra lah kardand (they crushed the opponent), emphasizing a dominant performance. It is important to note that because it is a compound verb, any negative prefixes (na-) or future tense markers (khaham) will attach to the kardan part, not to lah.

نباید اجازه دهی مشکلات تو را له کنند.

You shouldn't let problems crush you.

In formal writing, you might encounter more complex variations. For example, the passive form lah shodeh ast (has been crushed) is used in news. If you are describing a process, like making paper, you might say chub-ha ra lah mikonand (they mash the woods). The verb is highly productive and can be used in almost any context where pressure results in deformation. It is also common in medical contexts to describe 'crush injuries' (le-shodegi).

تیم ما حریف را در فینال له کرد.

Our team crushed the opponent in the final.

The most common place to hear له کردن is in the kitchen. Persian cuisine involves many dishes that require ingredients to be mashed or beaten. If you are watching a Persian cooking show or helping an Iranian grandmother in the kitchen, you will hear this word constantly. 'Goosht-koob' is the tool used for this, and the action is lah kardan. It is an essential part of making Gousht-koobideh, the mashed portion of the famous Dizi stew.

Culinary Context: Mashing chickpeas, meat, or vegetables to create a specific texture for stews and appetizers like 'Mirza Ghasemi'.
Street and Traffic: Describing the aftermath of a traffic accident where a vehicle or object has been flattened.
Sports Journalism: Headlines describing a massive victory over a rival team.

Another common setting is in casual conversations about physical comfort. If someone is sitting in a crowded bus, they might complain, 'Darand mara lah mikonand!' (They are crushing me!). This hyperbolic use is very common in the busy streets of Tehran. It conveys a sense of being squeezed or overwhelmed by physical proximity. Similarly, it is used when talking about luggage. 'Don't put that heavy bag on my clothes, you'll crush them!' (le-shun mikoni).

توی مترو داشتم له می‌شدم.

I was getting crushed in the metro.

Finally, in the world of gardening and agriculture, workers use lah kardan to describe the process of crushing grapes for juice or vinegar, or mashing seeds for oil. It is a word that connects the traditional manual labor of the past with the modern everyday life of Iranians. Whether literal or metaphorical, the word carries an intensity that signals a significant change in the state of the object being discussed.

بچه‌ها با پا انگورها را له کردند.

The children crushed the grapes with their feet.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing له کردن with other verbs that involve force, such as shekastan (to break) or khord kardan (to chop/break into small pieces). While 'shekastan' is used for hard objects like glass or wood that snap, 'lah kardan' is for things that are soft enough to be mashed or things that flatten under weight. You wouldn't 'lah' a window, but you would 'lah' a strawberry.

Lah vs. Khord: Khord kardan means to chop into small bits (like onions). Lah kardan means to mash into a paste.
Transitive vs. Intransitive: Confusing 'lah kardan' (to crush something) with 'lah shodan' (to be crushed). Always check if there is an object.
Pronunciation: Confusing 'Lah' with 'Loh' (tablet). Ensure the 'a' sound is short and crisp like in 'cat'.

Another common error is using lah kardan when fishar dadan (to press) is more appropriate. 'Fishar dadan' is simply applying pressure, often without destroying the object (like pressing a button). 'Lah kardan' implies a destructive or transformative outcome. If you press a button, you don't 'lah' it unless you use a hammer and destroy it. Learners should also be careful with the word koobidan (to pound/hit). While similar, 'koobidan' emphasizes the striking motion, whereas 'lah kardan' emphasizes the result of the pressure.

اشتباه: من پیاز را له کردم (وقتی منظور خرد کردن است).

Mistake: I 'mashed' the onion (when you meant you chopped it into small pieces).

Lastly, pay attention to the compound verb structure. Do not try to conjugate 'lah'. It is always 'lah' + conjugated 'kardan'. For example, 'will crush' is lah khahad kard, not khahad lah kard. Keeping the auxiliary verb at the end is a standard rule in Persian grammar that learners sometimes forget when they are focused on the meaning of the main part of the verb.

Persian has several words that overlap with له کردن, and choosing the right one can make your speech sound more natural and precise. Depending on the intensity and the method of crushing, you might choose koobidan, asiyab kardan, or pas-andaz kardan. Each of these carries a slightly different nuance.

Koobidan (کوبیدن): To pound or hammer. This is very close to 'lah kardan' and often used interchangeably in cooking, but it emphasizes the rhythmic striking motion.
Asiyab Kardan (آسیاب کردن): To grind. Used for hard substances like coffee beans or wheat. You 'grind' them into powder, whereas you 'mash' (lah) soft things into paste.
Feshordan (فشردن): To squeeze. This is more about extracting liquid (like squeezing an orange) rather than just flattening the object.

In more formal or literary contexts, you might see pay-mal kardan (to trample underfoot). This is almost always used metaphorically to describe the violation of rights or the crushing of someone's dignity. While lah kardan can also be used this way, pay-mal kardan is more specific to social and legal injustices. Another alternative is machoogh kardan, which is a more regional or older term for crushing, though it is much less common today.

او حقوق دیگران را پایمال کرد.

He trampled upon the rights of others (a more formal alternative to 'lah kardan').

When talking about breaking something into tiny pieces without the 'pulp' aspect, khord kardan is your best bet. If you are talking about total destruction where the object is obliterated, nabood kardan (to destroy) might be used. However, lah kardan remains the most descriptive word for that specific 'flattened' result. In technical manuals, you might see metraas kardan for compressing, but in daily life, stick with lah kardan for its simplicity and wide applicability.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The tool used to 'lah' meat (Gousht-koob) is one of the most iconic utensils in an Iranian kitchen, often made of heavy wood or metal.

발음 가이드

UK /læh kærˈdæn/

US /læh kɑːrˈdæn/

On the second syllable of the auxiliary verb: kar-DAN.

라임이 맞는 단어

ده (dah) مه (mah) ره (rah) چه (chah) ته (tah) به (beh) نه (nah) شه (shah)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'lah' as 'loh' (like low).
Dropping the 'h' entirely.
Stressing the 'lah' instead of the 'dan'.
Making the 'a' in 'lah' too long.
Confusing the 'k' sound with 'g'.

난이도

독해 2/5

The word is easy to recognize in text due to its short first part.

쓰기 3/5

Remembering the compound structure and the 'h' in 'lah' is important.

말하기 3/5

Pronouncing the 'h' correctly and using it in metaphors takes practice.

듣기 2/5

Easily heard in cooking shows and casual talk.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

کردن (kardan) سیب‌زمینی (sib-zamini) گوشت (goosht) پا (pa) زیر (zir)

다음에 배울 것

کوبیدن (koobidan) خرد کردن (khord kardan) پایمال کردن (pay-mal kardan) فشردن (feshordan) شکستن (shekastan)

고급

منکوب کردن (mankoob kardan) مضمحل کردن (mozmahel kardan) تخریب کردن (takhrib kardan)

알아야 할 문법

Compound Verb Conjugation

In 'lah kardan', only 'kardan' changes: lah mikonam, lah kardam, lah khaham kard.

Object Marker 'Ra'

Specific objects need 'ra': 'Ghaz-ra lah kardam'.

Passive Voice with 'Shodan'

To say 'was crushed', use 'lah shodan': 'Ghojeh lah shod'.

Negative Prefix 'Na-'

The 'na' goes before 'kon': 'Lah nakon'.

Subjunctive Mood

After verbs like 'want': 'Mikhaham lah konam'.

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수준별 예문

من موز را له می‌کنم.

I am mashing the banana.

Present continuous tense: lah + mi + kon + am.

او توت‌فرنگی را له کرد.

He/She crushed the strawberry.

Simple past tense: lah + kard.

سوسک را له نکن!

Don't crush the cockroach!

Negative imperative: lah + na + kon.

آیا سیب را له کردی؟

Did you crush the apple?

Question in simple past.

ما سیب‌زمینی را له کردیم.

We mashed the potato.

First person plural, simple past.

گل را له نکن.

Don't crush the flower.

Negative imperative.

او کاغذ را له کرد.

He crumpled (crushed) the paper.

Simple past.

گربه موش را له کرد.

The cat crushed the mouse.

Subject + Object + Verb.

آشپز باید گوشت را کاملاً له کند.

The chef must mash the meat completely.

Use of modal 'bayad' + subjunctive.

ماشین جعبه را له کرد.

The car crushed the box.

Simple past with a non-human subject.

می‌خواهم این سیرها را له کنم.

I want to mash these garlic cloves.

Want + subjunctive.

او با کفش‌هایش برف‌ها را له کرد.

He crushed the snow with his shoes.

Using 'ba' (with) to show instrument.

بچه‌ها نان‌ها را له کردند.

The children crushed the bread.

Plural subject and verb.

میوه‌های نرم زود له می‌شوند.

Soft fruits get crushed easily.

Passive form: lah shodan.

او حشره را زیر پایش له کرد.

He crushed the insect under his foot.

Prepositional phrase 'zir-e payash'.

چرا کتاب مرا له کردی؟

Why did you crush my book?

Interrogative with possessive pronoun.

تیم ما حریف را در مسابقه له کرد.

Our team crushed the opponent in the match.

Figurative use in sports.

او با حرف‌هایش غرور مرا له کرد.

He crushed my pride with his words.

Metaphorical use with abstract noun 'ghorooro'.

اگر مراقب نباشی، انگورها له می‌شوند.

If you aren't careful, the grapes will be crushed.

Conditional sentence Type 1.

او تمام مدارک را له و لورده کرد.

He completely mangled (crushed) all the documents.

Use of the intensive idiom 'lah o loorde'.

فشار جمعیت داشت مردم را له می‌کرد.

The pressure of the crowd was crushing the people.

Past continuous tense.

آشپز ماهر سیب‌زمینی را بدون وسیله له کرد.

The skilled chef mashed the potato without any tool.

Adverbial phrase 'bedun-e vasile'.

او سعی کرد احساساتش را له کند.

He tried to crush (suppress) his feelings.

Infinitive construction.

چرا اینقدر گوجه‌ها را له کردی؟

Why did you mash the tomatoes so much?

Use of 'inghadar' for emphasis.

رژیم سعی کرد قیام را له کند.

The regime tried to crush the uprising.

Political/Historical context.

او شخصیت رقیبش را در مناظره له کرد.

He crushed his rival's character in the debate.

Abstract object 'shakhsiyat'.

وزن زیاد سقف، ستون‌ها را له کرده است.

The heavy weight of the roof has crushed the columns.

Present perfect tense.

او با بی‌رحمی آرزوهای فرزندش را له کرد.

He ruthlessly crushed his child's dreams.

Adverb 'ba bi-rahmi'.

در این کارخانه، سنگ‌ها را برای تولید سیمان له می‌کنند.

In this factory, they crush rocks to produce cement.

Industrial/Technical context.

او مدعی بود که می‌تواند هر مانعی را له کند.

He claimed he could crush any obstacle.

Reported speech.

بحران اقتصادی بسیاری از کسب‌وکارهای کوچک را له کرد.

The economic crisis crushed many small businesses.

Economic context.

او از اینکه می‌دید زحماتش له شده، ناراحت بود.

He was upset to see his efforts crushed.

Passive participle 'lah shode'.

منتقد با قلم تندش، کتاب جدید نویسنده را له کرد.

The critic, with his sharp pen, crushed the author's new book.

Literary metaphor.

ساختار قدیمی جامعه، نوآوری را له می‌کرد.

The old structure of society used to crush innovation.

Sociological context.

او در زیر بار مسئولیت‌های سنگین له شده بود.

He was crushed under the weight of heavy responsibilities.

Past perfect passive.

استبداد همواره تلاش می‌کند صدای آزادی را له کند.

Tyranny always tries to crush the voice of freedom.

Political philosophy context.

او با یک حرکت استراتژیک، تمام نقشه‌های دشمن را له کرد.

With one strategic move, he crushed all the enemy's plans.

Military/Strategic context.

فشار اتمسفر در آن عمق، هر جسمی را له می‌کند.

Atmospheric pressure at that depth crushes any object.

Scientific context.

او با نگاهی تحقیرآمیز، اعتماد به نفس او را له کرد.

With a contemptuous look, he crushed her self-confidence.

Psychological impact.

فرآیند استخراج روغن شامل له کردن دانه‌های گیاهی است.

The oil extraction process involves crushing plant seeds.

Gerund usage in a process description.

دیالکتیک تاریخ، گاه تمدن‌های بزرگ را در چرخ‌دنده‌های خود له می‌کند.

The dialectic of history sometimes crushes great civilizations in its gears.

Highly abstract and philosophical.

او چنان با قدرت استدلال کرد که منطق ضعیف طرف مقابل را له کرد.

He argued with such power that he crushed the opponent's weak logic.

Intellectual dominance.

نیروی گرانش یک سیاهچاله، فضا-زمان را در خود له می‌کند.

The gravitational force of a black hole crushes space-time within itself.

Advanced scientific metaphor.

شاعر در شعرش، از له شدن آرزوها در پایمال زمان سخن می‌گوید.

The poet speaks in his poem about the crushing of dreams under the trample of time.

Poetic and literary.

این تراژدی، روح و روان بازماندگان را کاملاً له کرده است.

This tragedy has completely crushed the souls and minds of the survivors.

Deep emotional weight.

او با وقاحت تمام، حقیقت را در زیر پای منافعش له کرد.

With utter audacity, he crushed the truth under the feet of his interests.

Moral and ethical judgment.

فرآیند تکامل، گونه‌های ضعیف را در مسیر خود له کرده است.

The process of evolution has crushed weak species in its path.

Biological/Evolutionary context.

او با یک نقد ویرانگر، اعتبار چندین ساله آن موسسه را له کرد.

With a devastating critique, he crushed the multi-year credibility of that institution.

Institutional impact.

자주 쓰는 조합

سیب‌زمینی له کردن

زیر پا له کردن

غرور کسی را له کردن

حریف را له کردن

کاملاً له کردن

با چنگال له کردن

احساسات را له کردن

زیر آوار له کردن

سیر له کردن

شخصیت کسی را له کردن

자주 쓰는 구문

له‌اش کن!

— Crush it! (Often used in games or to kill a bug).

اون سوسک رو له‌اش کن!

داری منو له می‌کنی

— You're crushing me (physically, like in a hug or a crowd).

نزدیک‌تر نیا، داری منو له می‌کنی.

له و په (Lah o Pah)

— Informal variation of 'lah o loorde', meaning shattered or crushed.

ماشین له و په شد.

له کردن زیر چرخ

— To crush under the wheels.

دوچرخه زیر چرخ کامیون له شد.

له کردن با دست

— To crush with hands.

گوجه‌ها را با دست له کرد.

همه چیز را له کرد

— He crushed everything (implies total destruction).

طوفان همه چیز را له کرد.

له کردن آرزوها

— Crushing dreams.

او آرزوهای مرا له کرد.

له کردن با چکمه

— Crushing with boots.

او برف‌ها را با چکمه له کرد.

له کردن حشرات

— Crushing insects.

او از له کردن حشرات می‌ترسد.

له کردن برای پوره

— Mashing for puree.

هویج را برای پوره له کن.

자주 혼동되는 단어

له کردن vs خرد کردن (khord kardan)

Khord kardan is chopping into pieces; lah kardan is mashing into a pulp.

له کردن vs شکستن (shekastan)

Shekastan is for hard things like glass; lah kardan is for soft things or flattening.

له کردن vs کوبیدن (koobidan)

Koobidan is hitting or pounding; lah kardan is the result of pressure.

관용어 및 표현

"له و لورده کردن"

— To beat someone up badly or to destroy an object completely.

دزد را له و لورده کردند.

Informal

"زیر پا له کردن"

— To ignore someone's rights or dignity completely.

او قانون را زیر پا له کرد.

Neutral

"له شدن از خستگی"

— To be extremely tired (bone-tired).

از خستگی له شدم.

Slang

"له کردن شخصیت"

— To humiliate someone publicly.

او شخصیت مرا جلوی همه له کرد.

Neutral

"له کردن زیر بار زندگی"

— To be overwhelmed by the difficulties of life.

او زیر بار مشکلات له شده است.

Literary

"له کردن دماغ کسی"

— To humble someone who is arrogant (lit: to crush their nose).

بالاخره یک نفر باید دماغ او را له کند.

Informal

"له کردن با یک نگاه"

— To look at someone with extreme contempt.

با یک نگاه او را له کرد.

Informal

"له کردن بازار"

— To dominate the market completely.

این شرکت جدید بازار را له کرد.

Business

"له کردن زیر فشار"

— To break under psychological or physical pressure.

او زیر فشار درس‌ها له شد.

Neutral

"له و لورده شدن"

— To be completely exhausted or physically damaged.

بعد از ورزش له و لورده شدم.

Informal

혼동하기 쉬운

له کردن vs لوح (loh)

Similar sound.

Loh means a tablet or plaque; Lah means crushed.

لوح گلی (clay tablet) vs له کردن (to crush).

له کردن vs لثه (laseh)

Starts with 'L'.

Laseh means gums (in the mouth).

لثه سالم (healthy gums).

له کردن vs لجن (lajan)

Phonetically distinct but starts with 'L'.

Lajan means mud or sludge.

توی لجن افتاد.

له کردن vs لذت (lezzat)

Starts with 'L'.

Lezzat means pleasure.

لذت بردن (to enjoy).

له کردن vs لوله (looleh)

Starts with 'L'.

Looleh means pipe or tube.

لوله آب (water pipe).

문장 패턴

[Object] را له کن.

موز را له کن.

من دارم [Object] را له می‌کنم.

من دارم سیر را له می‌کنم.

او [Abstract Noun] مرا له کرد.

او شخصیت مرا له کرد.

اگر [Condition]، [Object] له می‌شود.

اگر فشار بدهی، میوه له می‌شود.

او با [Tool/Method]، [Object] را له کرد.

او با منطق قوی، بحث را له کرد.

[Complex Subject] در حال له کردن [Abstract Concept] است.

چرخ‌های صنعت در حال له کردن سنت‌ها هستند.

نباید بگذاری [Something] تو را له کند.

نباید بگذاری غم تو را له کند.

[Subject] زیر [Something] له شد.

کارتن زیر ماشین له شد.

어휘 가족

명사

لهیدگی (lahidagi) - bruising/crushing

له‌شدگی (lah-shodagi) - the state of being crushed

동사

له شدن (lah shodan) - to be crushed (intransitive)

له کردن (lah kardan) - to crush (transitive)

형용사

له (lah) - crushed/mashed

لهیده (lahideh) - squashed/bruised (especially fruit)

사용법

frequency

Very common in daily spoken Persian and cooking.

자주 하는 실수

من شیشه را له کردم. → من شیشه را شکستم.
Glass breaks into pieces (shekastan), it doesn't turn into a pulp (lah kardan).
او میوه را خرد کرد (when they mean mashed). → او میوه را له کرد.
If the fruit is now a paste, 'lah' is the correct word, not 'khord'.
من دارم موز را می‌له کنم. → من دارم موز را له می‌کنم.
The 'mi-' prefix must go on the 'kardan' part of the compound verb.
کتاب له شد (when it's just torn). → کتاب پاره شد.
Use 'lah' only if the book was flattened by something very heavy.
او را له کردم (to mean 'I hit him'). → او را زدم.
'Lah kardan' is much stronger than just hitting; it means total destruction.

팁

Compound Verb Rule

Always conjugate 'kardan', never 'lah'. For example: 'lah mikonam', not 'milah konam'.

Soft vs Hard

Use 'lah' for soft things like fruit or mushy food. Use 'shekastan' for glass or brittle items.

Exhaustion

If you are very tired after work, say 'Lah-am' or 'Lah shodam' to sound like a native.

The Right Tool

When you 'lah' meat, the tool is a 'goosht-koob'. It's a key part of Iranian culture.

Accidents

In news, 'lah shodan' is used for cars in crashes. It implies the car is a total loss.

Feelings

Crushing someone's 'ghoroor' (pride) is a common way to use this verb metaphorically.

Audible H

The 'h' at the end of 'lah' is soft but should be there. Don't say just 'la'.

Bugs

The most common way to tell someone to kill a bug is 'Lah-ash kon!' (Crush it!).

Spelling

In Persian, it's spelled with the letter 'He' at the end: له.

Khord vs Lah

Remember: Khord = small pieces. Lah = one mushy mass.

암기하기

기억법

Think of the word 'Low'. When you 'Lah' something, you crush it down 'Low' to the ground.

시각적 연상

Imagine a big heavy boot crushing a soft red tomato until it is just a flat red mess.

Word Web

Cooking Pressure Flatten Tomato Potato Defeat Pride Accident

챌린지

Try to find three things in your kitchen you can 'lah kardan' (like garlic, bananas, or boiled potatoes) and say the verb out loud as you do it.

어원

The word 'lah' is of Persian origin, likely related to the concept of being soft or flattened. It has been used for centuries in culinary contexts.

원래 의미: To be soft, pulpy, or flattened.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Western Iranian -> Persian.

문화적 맥락

Be careful when using it metaphorically about people, as it can sound quite harsh or violent.

Similar to 'crush' in English, but more commonly used for food mashing than the English word 'crush'.

Gousht-koobideh (The dish) Abgoosht (The stew) Persian idioms about 'crushing the nose' of the arrogant.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Kitchen / Cooking

سیر را له کن
گوشت‌کوب کجاست؟
خیلی له شده
پوره سیب‌زمینی

Accidents

ماشین له شد
زیر چرخ رفت
کاملاً صاف شد
خسارت زیاد

Sports

حریف را بردیم
بازی را ترکاندیم
له‌شان کردیم
قهرمان شدیم

Emotions

دلم شکست
غرورم له شد
خیلی ناراحتم
تحقیر شدم

Nature

گل‌ها را له نکن
مورچه را نکش
روی چمن نرو
میوه رسیده

대화 시작하기

"آیا تا به حال سیب‌زمینی له شده (پوره) درست کرده‌ای؟"

"در ورزش مورد علاقه‌ات، کدام تیم بقیه را له می‌کند؟"

"اگر کسی غرور تو را له کند، چه واکنشی نشان می‌دهی؟"

"بهترین وسیله برای له کردن سیر چیست؟"

"آیا تا به حال در متروی شلوغ احساس کرده‌ای که داری له می‌شوی؟"

일기 주제

درباره زمانی بنویس که در یک مسابقه حریف خود را له کردید.

توضیح بده که چگونه یک غذای سنتی که نیاز به له کردن دارد را می‌پزی.

آیا تا به حال شاهد یک تصادف بوده‌ای که در آن چیزی له شده باشد؟

چگونه می‌توانیم اجازه ندهیم مشکلات زندگی ما را له کنند؟

تفاوت بین له کردن فیزیکی و له کردن احساسی را شرح بده.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Usually, we use 'shekastan' for bones. However, if the injury is very severe and the bone is shattered/mashed, doctors might use 'le-shodegi' (crush injury).

It is a neutral word. However, using it about someone's character is insulting and aggressive.

They are very similar. 'Koobidan' implies hitting with a tool, while 'lah kardan' focuses on the food becoming mashed. Both are used for 'Abgoosht'.

You use the passive form: 'Lah shodam' (I became crushed/mashed).

Only metaphorically (humiliating them) or in a crowd (physically squeezing them). Otherwise, it sounds violent.

As an adjective, 'lah' just means 'mashed' or 'bruised'. For example, 'sib-e lah' means a bruised apple.

There is no single direct opposite, but 'sakhtan' (to build) or 'tarmim kardan' (to repair) are conceptually opposite.

No direct etymological link, but it's a simple root found in many Iranian languages.

No, for ice we usually use 'khord kardan' (to break into small pieces) or 'poodr kardan' (to powder).

Yes, modern poets use it to describe the crushing of hopes or the weight of time.

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