이 페이지를 내 언어로
English فارسی العربية Deutsch Español Français 日本語 Português 中文 हिन्दी
A1 noun #2,500 가장 일반적인 5분 분량

نیم

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 نیم 30초 만에
설명 نیم in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know 'نیم' for two things: telling time and basic shopping. You should be able to say 'ساعت پنج و نیم' (5:30) and ask for 'نیم کیلو' (half a kilo) of something. It is one of the first 100 words a student learns because it is essential for daily survival. Think of it as the '30' in '5:30'. It is a fixed part of the clock. You don't need to worry about complex grammar; just remember it follows the hour. If you are at a fruit stand, 'نیم' is your best friend for getting smaller portions. It is simple, stable, and always pronounced the same way (like 'beam' but with an 'N').
At A2, you start seeing 'نیم' as a prefix. You might learn 'نیم‌ساعت' (a half-hour) as a single concept. You also begin to use it in more varied sentences, like 'نیم ساعت پیش' (half an hour ago). You should start noticing the difference between 'نیم' and 'نصف'. While you use 'نیم' for time, you might use 'نصف' to say 'I ate half the bread'. At this level, you are building the habit of using 'نیم' for measurements and 'نصف' for general division. You also encounter 'نیمه' in words like 'نیمه شب' (midnight), which is a common vocabulary item for daily routines.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
Intermediate learners (B1) use 'نیم' to form more complex compound words. You will encounter terms like 'نیم‌دایره' (semicircle) or 'نیم‌رخ' (profile/side-view) in descriptions. You should be comfortable using 'نیم' in the 'Ezafe' construction to describe specific halves of time periods, such as 'نیمه اول سال' (the first half of the year). You also start to understand the cultural nuance of 'نیم' in idioms like 'نیم‌نگاه' (a quick glance). Your grammar should now correctly handle the 'نیم‌فاصله' (half-space) when writing these compound words on a computer, showing a higher level of literacy.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At B2, 'نیم' appears in more abstract and academic contexts. You will see it in scientific texts as 'نیم‌رسانا' (semiconductor) or in social discussions about 'نیمه پنهان' (the hidden half/side) of a story. You should be able to distinguish between the poetic use of 'نیم' and its technical use. For example, in a news report about a 'نیم‌تنه' (statue bust) found in an excavation. You are also expected to use it in more sophisticated time expressions and to understand its role in Persian prosody (poetry meters) where 'نیم-هجا' (half-syllables) might be discussed in advanced linguistics.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
Advanced learners (C1) explore the etymological and literary depth of 'نیم'. You will find it in classical texts where 'نیم' is used to create vivid imagery, such as 'نیم‌مست' (half-drunk/tipsy) in Sufi poetry. You should be able to analyze how 'نیم' functions as a productive prefix in modern Persian neologisms. You will also study the subtle stylistic differences between using 'نیم' and 'نصف' in formal essays. At this level, you understand the rhythmic value of 'نیم' in the Persian language and can use it to add precision and flavor to your writing and speeches.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At the C2 level, 'نیم' is a tool for nuance. You understand its role in historical linguistics, tracing it back to the Avestan 'naēma-'. You can use it in highly specialized fields, such as 'نیم‌گروه' (semigroup) in mathematics or 'نیم‌زبان' in sociolinguistics. You are sensitive to the archaic uses of 'نیم' in Pahlavi translations and can interpret complex philosophical metaphors involving the 'half' and the 'whole'. Your mastery allows you to play with the word, using it in puns or sophisticated wordplay that relies on the listener's deep knowledge of Persian literature and history.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

نیم 30초 만에

  • Nim means half and is used for time (half past).
  • It acts as a prefix like 'semi-' in English.
  • Always use Nim for weights (half a kilo).
  • It is distinct from 'Nasf' which is more casual.

The Persian word نیم (Nim) is a fundamental noun and prefix that translates primarily to 'half' or 'semi-'. In the linguistic landscape of Farsi, it represents the division of a whole into two equal parts. Unlike its synonym 'نصف' (nasf), which is of Arabic origin, 'نیم' is purely Persian (Pahlavi/Middle Persian roots) and carries a slightly more formal, literary, or technical weight in specific contexts, though it is used daily in time-telling and measurements.

Mathematical Essence
It signifies the fraction 1/2. In arithmetic, while 'یک‌دوم' is used formally, 'نیم' is the colloquial and standard way to express 0.5.
Temporal Function
It is the standard term for 'half past' the hour. For example, 'ساعت دو و نیم' means 2:30.
Prefix Utility
It acts as a prefix (نیم-) to create hundreds of compound words like 'نیم‌دایره' (semicircle) or 'نیم‌تنه' (torso/bust).

من فقط نیم کیلو سیب می‌خواهم.

— I only want half a kilo of apples.

To understand 'نیم', one must look at its versatility. It isn't just a quantity; it's a state of being. When something is 'نیم‌سوز' (half-burnt), it implies an incomplete process. This nuance of 'incompleteness' or 'mid-way point' is vital for learners. In the bazaar, you will hear it constantly when dealing with weights and measures. In poetry, it often refers to a 'half-glance' (نیم‌نگاه) or the 'midnight' (نیمه‌شب), where it shifts slightly to its variant form 'نیمه'.

ساعت نیم است.

Historically, 'نیم' has remained remarkably stable in the Persian language. From the Shahnameh to modern Iranian cinema, its role in defining the 'middle' or the 'split' remains constant. It evokes a sense of balance. In architecture, a 'نیم‌طاق' (semi-arch) is a common structural element. In clothing, 'نیم‌تنه' refers to a crop top or a vest. The word is a building block for the Persian mind, allowing for the categorization of the world into halves and portions.

او با یک نیم لبخند از من استقبال کرد.

این هندوانه را نیم کن.

در نیم راه متوقف شدیم.

Physical Division
Cutting an object into two equal pieces.
Abstract Division
Splitting time, effort, or attention.

Using نیم correctly requires understanding its placement in a sentence. As a noun, it can stand alone, but as an adjective or prefix, it modifies other nouns. The most common usage for beginners is in the context of time and measurement. In Persian, when telling time, 'نیم' follows the hour and the conjunction 'و' (va/o). For example, 'چهار و نیم' (four and a half).

  • Time: [Hour] + و + نیم. Example: 'ساعت ده و نیم' (10:30).
  • Measurement: [Number] + و + نیم + [Unit]. Example: 'سه و نیم کیلو' (3.5 kg).
  • Compounds: نیم + [Noun/Adjective]. Example: 'نیم‌کره' (Hemisphere).

When you want to say 'half of something', you usually use the 'Ezafe' construction or the word 'نیمه'. For instance, 'نیمه شب' (midnight) or 'نیمه اول بازی' (the first half of the game). It is important to distinguish between 'نیم' (the value half) and 'نیمه' (the half part of a specific entity). Use 'نیم' for measurements and 'نیمه' for specific halves of objects or periods.

Advanced usage includes the 'Nim-P فاصله' (half-space) in Persian typography, which is essential for writing compound words correctly. Without this, words like 'نیم‌روز' (midday) might look cluttered. In social contexts, 'نیم‌بند' is used to describe something done poorly or incompletely, like a 'half-baked' idea.

You will encounter نیم in almost every daily interaction in Iran. In the Grand Bazaar, merchants shout prices for 'نیم کیلو' (half a kilo) of saffron or pistachios. In public transport, people check their watches and say 'نیم ساعت دیگه می‌رسم' (I'll arrive in half an hour). On television, news anchors discuss 'نیم‌کره شمالی' (the Northern Hemisphere) or the 'نیمه نهایی' (semi-finals) of a football match.

In academic settings, professors use it to describe 'نیم‌رسانا' (semiconductors) in physics or 'نیم‌دایره' in geometry. In literature, it appears in classical poetry to describe the 'نیم‌رخ' (profile) of a beloved or the 'نیم‌شب' of solitude. Even in modern technology, the term 'نیم‌فاصله' is a staple of digital literacy. It is a word that bridges the gap between the mundane shopping list and the highest forms of Persian art and science.

The most frequent error for learners is confusing نیم (Nim) with نصف (Nasf). While both mean half, 'نصف' is more common when talking about sharing or cutting something in two in a casual way ('نصفش مال من' - half of it is mine). 'نیم' is strictly required for time and specific compound prefixes. You cannot say 'ساعت دو و نصف'.

Another mistake is the placement of the word in measurements. Some learners say 'نیم و سه کیلو' instead of the correct 'سه و نیم کیلو'. Always place the whole number first, then the 'and', then the 'half'. Additionally, learners often forget the Zwin (نیم‌فاصله) when writing compound words, which makes the text harder to read and technically incorrect in formal Persian writing.

Several words share semantic space with نیم. نصف (Nasf) is the closest synonym, often used for physical division. وسط (Vasat) and میان (Miyan) mean 'middle' or 'center', which is related but refers to a point rather than a quantity. یک‌دوم (Yek-dovom) is the formal mathematical term for 'one-second' or 'one-half'.

In more specific contexts, پاره (Pareh) can mean a piece or a part, and بخش (Bakhsh) means a section. However, none of these can replace 'نیم' in time-telling or as a prefix for 'semi-'. Understanding the boundary between 'نیم' (quantity/prefix) and 'وسط' (location) is key to achieving fluency.

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Ezafe construction with 'Nimeh'.

Compound word formation with Zwin.

Number and conjunction rules for time.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

1

ساعت هفت و نیم است.

It is seven and a half (7:30).

Time expression: Hour + o + nim.

2

نیم کیلو پرتقال بدهید.

Give half a kilo of oranges.

Measurement: Nim + unit.

3

او نیم ساعت خوابید.

He slept for half an hour.

Duration: Nim + hour.

4

من نیم لیتر شیر دارم.

I have half a liter of milk.

Measurement.

5

یک و نیم متر پارچه.

One and a half meters of fabric.

Number + o + nim.

6

نیم ساعت دیگر می‌آیم.

I will come in half an hour.

Future duration.

7

این نان نیم است.

This bread is half.

Simple predicate.

8

نیم کیلو گوشت چقدر است؟

How much is half a kilo of meat?

Question with measurement.

1

نیمه شب باران آمد.

It rained at midnight.

Compound: Nimeh-shab.

2

من نیم‌ساعت منتظر بودم.

I was waiting for half an hour.

Compound noun with Zwin.

3

او نیم‌رخ زیبایی دارد.

She has a beautiful profile.

Compound: Nim-rokh.

4

این لیوان نیم‌خالی است.

This glass is half-empty.

Compound adjective.

5

نیمه اول بازی تمام شد.

The first half of the game finished.

Nimeh + ordinal.

6

نیم کیلو شکر در آشپزخانه است.

Half a kilo of sugar is in the kitchen.

Subject with measurement.

7

او نیم‌تنه پوشیده است.

She is wearing a vest/crop-top.

Compound: Nim-taneh.

8

نیم ساعت پیش اینجا بود.

He was here half an hour ago.

Past time reference.

1

نیم‌دایره‌ای روی کاغذ بکش.

Draw a semicircle on the paper.

Geometric term.

2

او با یک نیم‌نگاه همه چیز را فهمید.

He understood everything with a quick glance.

Idiomatic compound.

3

این میوه نیم‌سوز شده است.

This fruit is half-rotten/burnt (contextual).

State of being.

4

نیمه دوم سال هوا سرد می‌شود.

The weather gets cold in the second half of the year.

Temporal division.

5

او نیم‌بند به حرف‌های من گوش داد.

He listened to my words half-heartedly.

Adverbial compound.

6

نیم‌کره شمالی زمین سردتر است.

The Earth's Northern Hemisphere is colder.

Geographical term.

7

او یک نیم‌تنه برنزی ساخت.

He made a bronze bust.

Artistic term.

8

نیم‌ساعت وقت دارید تا برگردید.

You have half an hour to return.

Constraint of time.

1

سیلیکون یک نیم‌رسانای معروف است.

Silicon is a famous semiconductor.

Technical/Scientific term.

2

او در نیمه راه منصرف شد.

He changed his mind halfway through.

Metaphorical path.

3

نیم‌فاصله در تایپ فارسی ضروری است.

The half-space is essential in Persian typing.

Typography term.

4

او نیم‌نگاهی به گذشته انداخت.

He took a brief look at the past.

Abstract glance.

5

تیم ما به مرحله نیمه‌نهایی رسید.

Our team reached the semi-finals.

Sports term.

6

این یک راه حل نیم‌بند است.

This is a half-baked/temporary solution.

Critical adjective.

7

نیم‌رخ او در نور شمع پیدا بود.

Her profile was visible in the candlelight.

Literary description.

8

او نیم‌خورده غذایش را رها کرد.

He left his food half-eaten.

Compound adjective.

1

اشعار نیما یوشیج نیم‌ایی نامیده می‌شوند.

Nima Yooshij's poems are called Nimaic.

Proper noun derivation.

2

او در حالتی نیم‌مست سخن می‌گفت.

He was speaking in a half-drunk state.

Literary/Mystical state.

3

نیم‌سوزهای خاطرات در ذهنش باقی بود.

The half-burnt embers of memories remained in his mind.

Metaphorical usage.

4

این نظریه نیم‌بند و فاقد اعتبار است.

This theory is half-baked and lacks validity.

Academic criticism.

5

نیم‌کره‌های مغز وظایف متفاوتی دارند.

The brain hemispheres have different functions.

Medical/Biological term.

6

او با نیم‌لبخندی تلخ اتاق را ترک کرد.

He left the room with a bitter half-smile.

Nuanced emotion.

7

نیم‌بندهای این قرارداد باید اصلاح شوند.

The loose ends/weak points of this contract must be fixed.

Legal/Formal usage.

8

در نیم‌پرده‌های موسیقی ایرانی، ظرافت خاصی هست.

There is a special delicacy in the semi-tones of Persian music.

Musicology term.

1

تجلی نیم‌رخ حقیقت در آینه فلسفه.

The manifestation of the profile of truth in the mirror of philosophy.

Highly abstract/Philosophical.

2

او به نیم‌بندهای وجودی خویش آگاه گشت.

He became aware of the half-formed aspects of his existence.

Existential terminology.

3

ساختار نیم‌گروهی در جبر مجرد بررسی می‌شود.

Semigroup structures are examined in abstract algebra.

Advanced Mathematics.

4

نیم‌مرده‌ای بود که در کالبد زمان می‌زیست.

He was a half-dead being living within the body of time.

Archaic/Poetic metaphor.

5

تحلیل نیم‌واکه‌های زبان فارسی دشوار است.

Analyzing the semi-vowels of the Persian language is difficult.

Phonetics/Linguistics.

6

او در نیم‌سایه ابهام باقی ماند.

He remained in the penumbra of ambiguity.

Literary nuance.

7

نیم‌بندهای کلامی او نشان از تردید داشت.

His verbal hesitations (half-phrases) indicated doubt.

Psycholinguistic analysis.

8

واکاوی نیم‌رخ‌های فرهنگی در عصر مدرنیته.

Analysis of cultural profiles in the era of modernity.

Sociological discourse.

자주 쓰는 조합

ساعت ... و نیم
نیم کیلو
نیم لیتر
نیم متر
نیم ساعت
نیمه شب
نیمه راه
نیمه نهایی
نیم‌رخ
نیم‌دایره

자주 쓰는 구문

نیم ساعت دیگه
یک و نیم
نیمه دوم
نیم‌تنه
نیم‌کره
نیم‌نگاه
نیم‌بند
نیم‌سوز
نیم‌رخ
نیم‌فاصله

자주 혼동되는 단어

نیم vs نصف (Nasf)

نیم vs میان (Miyan)

نیم vs وسط (Vasat)

관용어 및 표현

"نیم‌بند (Half-baked/Weak)"
"نیم‌نگاه (A brief glance)"
"نیمه راه (Halfway through)"
"نیم‌رخ (Side profile)"
"نیم‌سوز (Embers/Half-burnt)"
"نیم‌خورده (Half-eaten)"
"نیم‌تنه (Bust/Vest)"
"نیم‌کره (Hemisphere)"
"نیم‌دایره (Semicircle)"
"نیم‌رسانا (Semiconductor)"

혼동하기 쉬운

نیم vs نصف

Nasf is for general division; Nim is for time/measurement.

نیم vs نیمه

Nimeh is the noun 'the half'; Nim is the value 'half'.

문장 패턴

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

time

Mandatory for 30 minutes past.

prefix

Always use Zwin.

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 'nasf' for time.
  • Putting 'nim' before the whole number.
  • Forgetting the Zwin in writing.
  • Confusing 'nim' with 'nam'.
  • Using 'nim' for 'middle' (location).

팁

Time Rule

Always use 'o nim' after the hour.

Prefix Power

Learn 'nim-' to unlock many technical words.

Bazaar Math

Practice 'nim kilo' for better shopping.

Zwin

Use the half-space for 'nim-sa'at'.

Pronunciation

Keep the 'ee' sound long and clear.

Context

If you hear 'nim', look at a clock or scale.

Nim-negah

Use this for 'a quick glance'.

Nasf vs Nim

Use Nasf for 'half of the pizza'.

Fractions

Nim is 0.5; Yek-dovom is 1/2.

Nima

Remember the poet Nima to remember the word.

암기하기

기억법

Nim sounds like 'Near Middle'.

어원

Middle Persian (Pahlavi)

문화적 맥락

Crucial for weight measurements.

Used to describe beauty in profiles (Nim-rokh).

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"ساعت چنده؟ (ساعت دو و نیمه)"

"چقدر سیب می‌خوای؟ (نیم کیلو)"

"بازی کی تموم می‌شه؟ (نیمه دوم شروع شده)"

"کجا هستی؟ (نیمه راه هستم)"

"این چیه؟ (این یک نیم‌دایره است)"

일기 주제

Write about what you do at 7:30 (هفت و نیم).

Describe a person's profile (نیم‌رخ).

List things you buy by the half-kilo (نیم کیلو).

Describe a time you stopped halfway (نیمه راه).

Explain why the half-space (نیم‌فاصله) is important.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, you must use 'nim' for time.

It is the half-space used in Persian typing for compound words.

It is standard; 'nasf' is slightly more colloquial for sharing.

No, it is a fixed quantity.

In some compounds like 'nim-taneh', it implies a smaller version.

یک و نیم (Yek o nim).

It means midnight.

Yes, for 'half-time' and 'semi-finals'.

Rarely; 'nasf' is more common for splitting costs.

Yes, it has ancient Persian roots.

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기

셀프 테스트 180 질문

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

무료 가입하고 연습하기

관련 콘텐츠

도움이 되었나요?

댓글 (0)

로그인하여 댓글 달기
아직 댓글이 없습니다. 첫 번째로 생각을 공유하세요!