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رنج کشیدن

B1 verb #3,500 가장 일반적인 9분 분량

رنج کشیدن

ranj keshidan 상위 3,500

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 رنج کشیدن 30초 만에

설명 رنج کشیدن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'ranj keshidan' often, as it is a complex and heavy word. However, it is good to recognize it. Think of it as a very strong way to say 'I am very sad' or 'It is very hard.' At this stage, focus on the fact that 'ranj' means suffering and 'keshidan' is like 'to pull' or 'to feel' in this context. You might see it in simple stories about animals or people who are very poor. Just remember that it's more serious than 'narahat' (sad). If you want to say you are in pain, you usually use 'dard' for your body. 'Ranj' is for when your life or your heart feels heavy. For example, if a child is lost, they might 'ranj' because they miss their mom. It is a compound verb, so you conjugate the second part: 'mikesham', 'mikeshi', 'mikeshad'. In A1, you mostly use the present tense to describe a state. Don't worry about the deep philosophical meanings yet; just treat it as 'to suffer deeply.'

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'ranj keshidan' to describe basic hardships or illnesses. You should know that it often takes the preposition 'az' (from). For example, 'Man az garma ranj mikesham' (I suffer from the heat). This is a useful way to express discomfort that is more than just a minor annoyance. You will also begin to see this word in simple news headlines or social media posts. It's important to differentiate it from 'dard keshidan' (physical pain). If you have a headache, say 'sardard daram' or 'dard mikesham.' If you are struggling with a difficult life situation, like being away from your family, 'ranj keshidan' is the better choice. You should practice the past tense: 'ranj keshidam' (I suffered). This helps you tell simple stories about your past challenges. Remember, Persian speakers value the endurance of hardship, so using this word can show a deeper understanding of the culture's emotional landscape.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'ranj keshidan' to discuss emotional themes, social issues, and health conditions. This is the level where the word becomes truly useful. You can use it to talk about the 'suffering' of a character in a movie or a book. You should also understand that 'ranj' can be a noun on its own, meaning 'toil' or 'suffering.' At this level, you can use the word to express empathy: 'Mifahmam ke dari ranj mikeshi' (I understand that you are suffering). You should also be aware of common collocations like 'ranj-e faravan' (great suffering). You can start exploring the subjunctive mood: 'Nemikhaham ranj bekashi' (I don't want you to suffer). This adds a layer of politeness and emotional intelligence to your speech. You should also be able to distinguish between 'ranj keshidan' and its synonyms like 'sakhti keshidan' (to endure hardship), using 'ranj' for the internal feeling and 'sakhti' for the external situation.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'ranj keshidan' in more abstract and academic contexts. You might use it in an essay to discuss 'human suffering' (ranj-e bashari) or in a debate about social injustice. You should understand the nuance between 'ranj keshidan' and 'ranj bordan' (to suffer/to benefit from suffering in a literary sense), the latter often appearing in formal texts. You should be able to use the verb in complex sentence structures, such as 'Az inke nemitavanest be keshvarash bargardad, ranj mikeshab' (He was suffering from the fact that he couldn't return to his country). You should also recognize the word in classical poetry, though you might not use it that way yourself. At this level, you understand that 'ranj' isn't always negative; it can imply a noble struggle or a necessary path to growth. You can discuss how an artist 'suffered' to create their masterpiece, using the verb to convey respect for their effort.

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At the C1 level, you should have a deep grasp of the philosophical and literary connotations of 'ranj keshidan.' You can analyze poems by Rumi or Hafez where 'ranj' is a central theme of the lover's journey. You should be able to use the word to describe complex psychological states, such as existential suffering or the 'suffering of the soul' (ranj-e ruh). Your usage should be precise—knowing when to use 'zajr' (agony), 'mehnat' (toil), or 'malal' (ennui) instead of the general 'ranj.' You can also use the noun 'ranj' in idiomatic expressions like 'ranj-e ganj' (the toil for the treasure). In professional or academic writing, you use the verb to discuss systemic issues, such as 'sufferings caused by structural inequality.' You understand the historical weight of the word in the Iranian identity, where enduring 'ranj' is often tied to national pride and resilience. Your speech reflects an appreciation for the 'keshidan' (drawing/pulling) aspect, seeing suffering as a narrative arc rather than a static point.

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At the C2 level, 'ranj keshidan' is a tool for nuanced, sophisticated expression. You can engage in high-level literary criticism, discussing how the concept of 'ranj' evolved from the epic suffering of heroes in the Shahnameh to the mystical suffering in Sufi texts. You use the verb with effortless precision in any register, from slang to the most formal bureaucratic Persian. You might use it ironically or to create specific rhetorical effects. You are familiar with obscure synonyms and can explain the etymological roots of 'ranj' in Middle Persian 'ranj' (trouble/pain). You can write poetry or prose where 'ranj keshidan' is used metaphorically to describe the passage of time or the weight of history. For you, the word is not just a verb; it's a cultural pillar. You can navigate the fine line between 'ranj' as a pathological state and 'ranj' as a spiritual catalyst, articulating these differences in complex academic or philosophical debates.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

رنج کشیدن 30초 만에

A compound verb meaning 'to suffer' or 'to endure hardship'.
Composed of 'ranj' (suffering) and 'keshidan' (to pull/draw).
Commonly used with the preposition 'az' (from) to indicate the cause.
Higher emotional weight than 'narahat budan' (being upset).

The Persian compound verb رنج کشیدن (ranj keshidan) is a profound and deeply evocative expression that translates to 'to suffer,' 'to endure pain,' or 'to undergo hardship.' It is formed by the noun ranj (suffering/toil) and the auxiliary verb keshidan (to pull/draw/endure). Unlike the word for simple physical pain (dard), ranj encompasses a broader spectrum of human experience, including emotional agony, existential dread, and the long-term endurance of difficult circumstances. In Persian culture, the concept of suffering is often romanticized in literature and poetry, viewed not just as a negative state but as a transformative process that refines the soul. When a Persian speaker says they are 'pulling suffering,' they are describing a process of bearing a burden over time.

Emotional Depth: It describes long-term psychological distress or heartbreak that lingers in the soul.

Physical Hardship: It can refer to the grueling physical labor or the biological toll of a chronic illness.

او برای موفقیت فرزندانش سال‌ها رنج کشید.
(He suffered/toiled for years for the success of his children.)

In everyday conversation, you might hear this verb used to describe the difficulty of a task or the burden of a secret. It is more formal and heavy than saying narahat budan (to be upset). It implies a weight that is being carried. The use of 'keshidan' (to pull) suggests that suffering is something one drags along, a metaphor for the duration and weight of the experience. This linguistic construction is common in Indo-Iranian languages where abstract experiences are often 'drawn' or 'pulled' through time.

هنرمندان بزرگ معمولاً از تنهایی رنج می‌کشند.
(Great artists usually suffer from loneliness.)

In a philosophical sense, 'ranj keshidan' is central to Persian mysticism (Sufism). Poets like Rumi suggest that suffering is the 'polisher' of the heart. Therefore, the verb carries a weight of nobility in certain contexts. If someone has 'ranj keshideh' (suffered), they are often seen as more experienced, wise, or resilient. It is not just a passive state of being in pain; it is an active endurance of life's trials.

Social Context: Used in news reports to discuss the plight of the poor or victims of war.

مردم از تورم شدید رنج می‌کشند.
(People suffer from severe inflation.)

او از بیماری قلبی رنج می‌برد.
(He suffers from heart disease - Note: 'ranj bordan' is a common synonym.)

نباید اجازه دهیم حیوانات رنج بکشند.
(We should not let animals suffer.)

Using رنج کشیدن correctly requires understanding its status as a compound verb. The noun part 'ranj' remains static, while the auxiliary verb 'keshidan' undergoes all the conjugations. The most common structure is: [Subject] + [Prepositional Phrase with 'az'] + [ranj keshidan]. For example, 'Man az dori-ye to ranj mikesham' (I suffer from your absence). The verb is versatile enough to be used in past, present, and future tenses, as well as in the subjunctive mood to express desires or possibilities.

Present Continuous: دارم رنج می‌کشم (I am suffering right now). Used for ongoing emotional or physical states.

مادر بزرگم از درد زانو رنج می‌کشد.
(My grandmother is suffering from knee pain.)

In literary contexts, you might see the verb inverted or the 'ranj' separated from 'keshidan' by adjectives, such as 'ranj-e faravani keshid' (suffered greatly). However, in standard modern Persian, keeping them together is the norm. When discussing history or life stories, the simple past 'ranj keshid' is the standard way to denote a period of hardship that has concluded. It provides a sense of narrative closure to a difficult chapter of someone's life.

او هرگز اجازه نداد کسی بفهمد چقدر رنج می‌کشد.
(He never let anyone know how much he was suffering.)

When used in the imperative, 'ranj nakesh' (don't suffer), it is often an expression of sympathy or a plea for someone to let go of their worries. In the future tense, 'ranj khahad keshid,' it acts as a warning or a prediction of the consequences of an action. For instance, 'If you don't study, you will suffer the consequences.' The word 'ranj' itself can be modified by adjectives like 'sakht' (hard), 'talkh' (bitter), or 'bi-payan' (endless) to add descriptive power to the sentence.

Subjunctive Usage: کاش هیچ انسانی رنج نکشد (I wish no human would suffer).

اگر به او کمک نکنی، بیشتر رنج خواهد کشید.
(If you don't help him, he will suffer more.)

رفتار بی‌رحمانه آن‌ها باعث شد او سال‌ها رنج بکشد.
(Their cruel behavior caused him to suffer for years.)

او از اینکه نمی‌تواند حقیقت را بگوید، رنج می‌کشید.
(He was suffering from the fact that he couldn't tell the truth.)

You will encounter رنج کشیدن in a wide variety of settings, ranging from the most elevated classical poetry to modern news broadcasts and hospital corridors. In the news, it is frequently used to describe the humanitarian crises, economic hardships of the populace, or the effects of natural disasters. Journalists use it to evoke empathy, emphasizing the human cost of events. For example, 'Sakinan-e in mantaqe az kambud-e ab ranj mikeshand' (The residents of this region suffer from water shortage). It provides a more serious tone than simple descriptions of 'having problems.'

News & Journalism: Frequent in headlines about poverty, war, and health crises.

کودکان در بسیاری از نقاط جهان از گرسنگی رنج می‌کشند.
(Children in many parts of the world suffer from hunger.)

In Persian literature, the word is iconic. From the 'Shahnameh' of Ferdowsi to the modern poems of Forough Farrokhzad, 'ranj' is a recurring theme. Ferdowsi famously wrote: 'Bas ranj bordam dar in sal-e si / Ajam zendeh kardam bedin Parsi' (I toiled much during these thirty years / And revived the Persians with this Persian [tongue]). Here, 'ranj bordan' (a close variant of ranj keshidan) refers to the immense effort and struggle required to preserve the Persian language. This literary heritage means that even in casual speech, the word carries a touch of gravity and poetic weight.

بیماران سرطانی رنج زیادی را تحمل می‌کنند.
(Cancer patients endure much suffering.)

In religious and spiritual discourses, 'ranj keshidan' is often discussed as a test from God or a necessary part of the human condition. Preachers and spiritual guides use the term to discuss patience (sabr) and the rewards of enduring hardship. In cinema and television dramas (which are very popular in Iran), characters often express their inner turmoil using this verb during climactic emotional scenes. If a character has been betrayed, they won't just say they are 'sad'; they will describe how they have 'pulled suffering' because of that betrayal.

Daily Life: Used when complaining about long commutes, bad bosses, or difficult relationships.

او از ترافیک هر روزه تهران رنج می‌کشد.
(He suffers from the daily traffic of Tehran.)

نویسنده در این کتاب از رنج‌های بشر سخن می‌گوید.
(The author speaks of the sufferings of humanity in this book.)

او از بی‌خوابی رنج می‌برد.
(He suffers from insomnia.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing رنج کشیدن with dard keshidan. While both involve pain, dard is primarily physical (a headache, a cut), whereas ranj is psychological, existential, or related to life's circumstances. Saying 'ranj mikesham' for a toothache sounds overly dramatic and poetic, almost as if the toothache is a spiritual crisis. Use dard keshidan for the body and ranj keshidan for the heart and soul.

Mistake 1: Preposition Error: Using 'ba' (with) instead of 'az' (from). Incorrect: Man ba tanhai ranj mikesham. Correct: Man az tanhai ranj mikesham.

اشتباه: من برای دوری تو رنج می‌کشم.
(Correct: من از دوری تو رنج می‌کشم.)

Another mistake is overusing the word in very minor situations. If you missed the bus, you are narahat (upset) or asabani (angry), but you aren't exactly 'ranj keshidan.' Using such a heavy word for trivial matters can make you sound like you are mocking the language or being incredibly hyper-sensitive. Reserve 'ranj' for things that truly weigh on a person's life over time. Think of it as 'enduring suffering' rather than just 'feeling bad.'

نباید برای مسائل کوچک رنج کشید.
(One shouldn't suffer for small issues.)

Learners also sometimes forget the auxiliary verb conjugation. Since 'keshidan' is an irregular verb (Present Stem: kesh, Past Stem: keshid), it's easy to mis-conjugate it in the present tense. Avoid saying 'ranj mikeshidam' when you mean 'I am suffering' (should be 'ranj mikesham'). Also, be careful with the passive form; 'ranj keshideh shodan' is rare. Usually, the subject is the one actively 'pulling' the suffering.

Mistake 2: Mixing with 'Azab': 'Azab keshidan' implies torture or extreme agony. Using it for a sad movie is too much. 'Ranj' is more common for general emotional pain.

او از عذاب وجدان رنج می‌برد.
(He suffers from a guilty conscience - Note the specific use of 'azab' here.)

او تمام عمرش رنج کشید تا ما راحت باشیم.
(He suffered his whole life so that we could be comfortable.)

آیا تو هم از این وضعیت رنج می‌کشی؟
(Do you also suffer from this situation?)

While رنج کشیدن is a very standard and useful verb, Persian offers a rich palette of synonyms that allow for more precise emotional expression. Depending on whether you are talking about physical pain, spiritual torture, or the simple 'toil' of work, you might choose a different word. Understanding these nuances will make your Persian sound much more natural and sophisticated. The most common alternative is ranj bordan, which is almost identical in meaning but often sounds slightly more formal or literary.

Azab Keshidan (عذاب کشیدن): Emphasis on 'torment' or 'agony.' Used for extreme situations like war or deep psychological guilt.

او از دوری فرزندش عذاب می‌کشد.
(He is tormented by the distance from his child.)

Another important synonym is sakhti keshidan. This focuses specifically on the 'difficulty' or 'hardship' of a situation rather than just the internal feeling of suffering. If someone had a poor childhood and had to work three jobs, you would say they 'sakhti keshidand.' It implies external obstacles that were overcome with effort. In contrast, zajr keshidan is a very strong word, often used for physical or mental torture, and carries a sense of being victimized or oppressed.

آن‌ها در دوران جنگ سختی‌های زیادی کشیدند.
(They endured many hardships during the war.)

For more poetic or archaic contexts, you might encounter mehnat keshidan. This word is rarely used in spoken Persian today but is common in classical poetry. It refers to the 'toil' and 'labor' of life. On the other end of the spectrum, aziyyat shodan is a very common, lighter way to say 'to be bothered' or 'to suffer' in a minor way. If someone's loud music is bothering you, you would say 'Man aziyyat misham,' not 'Man ranj mikesham.'

Dard Keshidan (درد کشیدن): Specifically for biological, physical pain. 'Man az dard-e sar ranj mikesham' (I suffer from headaches) is correct, but 'Dard mikesham' means 'I am in pain right now.'

او از بیماری مزمن رنج می‌برد.
(He suffers from a chronic illness.)

او برای رسیدن به این جایگاه مرارت‌های زیادی کشید.
(He endured many bitternesses/hardships to reach this position.)

بی‌عدالتی باعث رنج مردم می‌شود.
(Injustice causes the people's suffering.)

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The word 'ranj' is the root of the word 'orange' (narenj) in many languages, though through a circuitous path involving the Sanskrit 'naranga'. In Persian, 'ranj' and 'narenj' rhyme but are etymologically distinct.

발음 가이드

UK /ɾændʒ ke.ʃi.dæn/

US /ɾændʒ ke.ʃi.dæn/

The primary stress in the compound verb is on the first syllable of the auxiliary verb: 'ranj ke-SHI-dan'. However, in the present tense 'ranj mi-KE-sham', the stress is on the 'ke' syllable.

라임이 맞는 단어

ganj (treasure) panj (five) berenj (rice) arenj (elbow) shatranj (chess) narenj (bitter orange) turanj (citron) kheranj (scratch)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'ranj' with a hard 'g' instead of a 'j'.
Using a flat English 'r' instead of the Persian tapped 'r'.
Misplacing the stress on the noun 'ranj' instead of the verb part.
Failing to pronounce the 'sh' in keshidan clearly.
Shortening the long 'i' (ee) in keshidan.

난이도

독해 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts, but requires understanding of compound verb conjugation.

쓰기 4/5

Requires correct preposition 'az' and proper conjugation of 'keshidan'.

말하기 4/5

Must be used with the right emotional weight to avoid sounding dramatic.

듣기 3/5

Clear pronunciation, but can be confused with 'ranjidan' (to be offended).

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

درد (dard - pain) کشیدن (keshidan - to pull) ناراحت (narahat - upset) سخت (sakht - hard) بیماری (bimari - illness)

다음에 배울 것

تحمل کردن (tahamol kardan - to endure) صبر کردن (sabr kardan - to be patient) آسایش (asayesh - comfort) لذت (lezzat - pleasure) درمان (darman - treatment)

고급

استیصال (stisal - desperation) ملال (malal - ennui) محنت (mehnat - toil) ابتلا (ebtela - affliction) تزکیه (tazkiye - purification)

알아야 할 문법

Compound Verb Conjugation

In 'ranj keshidan', only 'keshidan' changes. Present: ranj mikesham. Past: ranj keshidam.

Preposition 'Az'

Always use 'az' for the cause: Man az sarmakhordegi ranj mikesham.

Subjunctive with 'Nabayad/Shayad'

Shayad u ranj bekashad (Perhaps he may suffer).

Present Perfect for Ongoing States

U sal-ha ranj keshide ast (He has suffered for years - and maybe still is).

Noun as Direct Object

U ranj-e faravani keshid (He suffered/pulled a great suffering).

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수준별 예문

او خیلی رنج می‌کشد.

He is suffering a lot.

Present continuous sense using simple present.

گربه رنج می‌کشد چون گرسنه است.

The cat is suffering because it is hungry.

Compound verb conjugated for third person singular.

من رنج می‌کشم.

I am suffering.

First person singular present tense.

آیا تو رنج می‌کشی؟

Are you suffering?

Question form using intonation.

او رنج نمی‌کشد.

He is not suffering.

Negative form with 'ne-' prefix.

ما از سرما رنج می‌کشیم.

We are suffering from the cold.

Use of 'az' (from) for the cause.

آن‌ها رنج کشیدند.

They suffered.

Simple past tense.

او رنج کشید.

He suffered.

Third person singular past tense.

بیمار از درد رنج می‌کشد.

The patient is suffering from pain.

Medical context.

او از تنهایی رنج می‌کشید.

He was suffering from loneliness.

Past continuous sense.

ما از بی‌آبی رنج می‌بریم.

We suffer from lack of water.

Using 'ranj bordan' as a synonym.

او برای درس خواندن رنج کشید.

He suffered/toiled to study.

Suffix '-an' for gerund/infinitive.

حیوانات نباید رنج بکشند.

Animals should not suffer.

Subjunctive mood after 'nabayad'.

او از این موضوع رنج می‌برد.

He suffers from this matter.

Abstract suffering.

مردم از فقر رنج می‌کشند.

People suffer from poverty.

Social context.

او سال‌ها رنج کشیده است.

He has suffered for years.

Present perfect tense.

او از دوری خانواده‌اش رنج می‌کشد.

He suffers from being away from his family.

Emotional suffering.

هنرمند از درک نشدن رنج می‌برد.

The artist suffers from not being understood.

Passive infinitive 'dark nashodan'.

بسیاری از کودکان از سوءتغذیه رنج می‌کشند.

Many children suffer from malnutrition.

Formal vocabulary 'su-e taghziye'.

او رنج می‌کشد اما لبخند می‌زند.

He suffers but he smiles.

Contrastive conjunction 'amma'.

او از تبعیض در محیط کار رنج می‌کشید.

She was suffering from discrimination in the workplace.

Social issue 'tabyiz'.

نمی‌توانم ببینم که تو رنج می‌کشی.

I can't see you suffering.

Subjunctive 'bekashi' implied by context.

او از افسردگی شدید رنج می‌برد.

He suffers from severe depression.

Psychological context.

او تمام سختی‌ها را رنج کشید تا موفق شود.

He suffered all the hardships to succeed.

Direct object 'sakhti-ha'.

نویسنده در آثارش از رنج‌های بشری می‌گوید.

The writer speaks of human sufferings in his works.

Plural noun 'ranj-ha'.

او از تضادهای درونی خود رنج می‌کشد.

He suffers from his internal contradictions.

Abstract psychological concept.

جامعه از بی‌عدالتی اقتصادی رنج می‌برد.

Society suffers from economic injustice.

Sociological context.

او رنج کشید تا حقیقت را فاش کند.

He suffered to reveal the truth.

Purpose clause with 'ta'.

بسیاری از پناهندگان از تروما رنج می‌کشند.

Many refugees suffer from trauma.

Loanword 'trauma'.

او از اینکه نادیده گرفته شود، رنج می‌برد.

He suffers from being ignored.

Subjunctive passive 'nadide gerefte shavad'.

این ملت در طول تاریخ رنج‌های بسیاری کشیده است.

This nation has suffered many hardships throughout history.

Historical context.

او از احساس گناه رنج می‌کشید.

He was suffering from a sense of guilt.

Emotive noun 'ehsas-e gonah'.

عارفان معتقدند رنج کشیدن راهی برای تطهیر روح است.

Mystics believe that suffering is a way to purify the soul.

Philosophical context.

او از ملال ناشی از روزمرگی رنج می‌برد.

He suffers from the ennui resulting from daily routine.

Advanced vocabulary 'malal', 'ruzmaregi'.

شخصیت داستان از یک بحران وجودی رنج می‌کشد.

The character in the story suffers from an existential crisis.

Literary analysis.

او از تبعات تصمیمات گذشته‌اش رنج می‌کشد.

He suffers from the consequences of his past decisions.

Formal term 'tabaat'.

این نظریه از تناقضات منطقی رنج می‌برد.

This theory suffers from logical contradictions.

Metaphorical use in academia.

او از فقدان معنا در زندگی مدرن رنج می‌کشید.

He was suffering from the lack of meaning in modern life.

Philosophical theme.

بشریت همواره از جهل و تعصب رنج کشیده است.

Humanity has always suffered from ignorance and prejudice.

Universal statement.

او از بار سنگین مسئولیت رنج می‌برد.

He suffers from the heavy burden of responsibility.

Metaphorical 'bar-e sangin'.

در تراژدی‌های یونان، قهرمان از تقدیری گریزناپذیر رنج می‌کشد.

In Greek tragedies, the hero suffers from an inescapable fate.

Literary criticism.

او از نوعی نوستالژی برای دورانی که هرگز ندیده بود رنج می‌برد.

He suffered from a kind of nostalgia for an era he had never seen.

Complex psychological state.

ساختار سیاسی کشور از فساد سیستماتیک رنج می‌برد.

The country's political structure suffers from systemic corruption.

Political analysis.

او از استیصالی عمیق در مواجهه با مرگ رنج می‌کشید.

He suffered from a deep desperation in the face of death.

Existential vocabulary 'stisal'.

شعر او از حزنی لایزال رنج می‌برد که ریشه در تاریخ دارد.

His poetry suffers from an eternal sorrow rooted in history.

Poetic analysis.

او از شیزوفرنی حاد رنج می‌برد و در دنیای خود زندگی می‌کرد.

He suffered from acute schizophrenia and lived in his own world.

Medical/psychiatric precision.

اقتصاد جهانی از عدم توازن قدرت رنج می‌برد.

The global economy suffers from a power imbalance.

Macroeconomic context.

او از رنجی مقدس سخن می‌گفت که مایه کمال است.

He spoke of a sacred suffering that is the source of perfection.

Mystical/spiritual register.

자주 쓰는 조합

رنج فراوان

رنج روحی

رنج جسمی

رنج بی‌پایان

رنج کشیدن از...

تحمل رنج

باعث رنج شدن

رنج و عذاب

رنج و محنت

رنج کشیده

자주 쓰는 구문

رنج بیهوده کشیدن

— To suffer for nothing or to toil in vain.

او برای متقاعد کردن آن‌ها رنج بیهوده کشید.

از چیزی رنج بردن

— To suffer from something (disease, condition).

او از فقر رنج می‌برد.

رنج دوران

— The suffering of the times/era.

شاعر رنج دوران را در اشعارش منعکس کرده است.

طعم رنج را چشیدن

— To taste/experience suffering.

او در کودکی طعم رنج را چشید.

رنج غربت

— The suffering of being in a foreign land/exile.

رنج غربت برای او سخت بود.

پایان رنج

— The end of suffering.

همه منتظر پایان رنج‌های او بودند.

رنج مقدس

— Sacred or noble suffering.

او معتقد بود این یک رنج مقدس است.

رنج جانکاه

— Soul-crushing or agonizing suffering.

او از رنجی جانکاه سخن می‌گفت.

رنج بی صدا

— Silent suffering.

او همیشه در رنجی بی صدا بود.

رنج مضاعف

— Double or increased suffering.

بیماری و تنهایی برای او رنج مضاعف بود.

자주 혼동되는 단어

رنج کشیدن vs رنجیدن

Ranjidan means 'to be offended' or 'to take offense' at someone's words. Ranj keshidan is general suffering.

رنج کشیدن vs درد کشیدن

Dard keshidan is for physical pain (wounds, aches). Ranj keshidan is for emotional or life hardships.

رنج کشیدن vs رنگ

Rang means 'color'. It sounds similar but has a 'g' at the end instead of 'j'.

관용어 및 표현

"رنج گنج"

— No pain, no gain. Literally: suffering is the treasure.

نابرده رنج گنج میسر نمی‌شود.

Literary/Proverb

"خون دل خوردن"

— To suffer greatly, especially emotionally or while waiting for something.

مادر برای بزرگ کردن بچه‌ها خون دل خورد.

Idiomatic

"دود چراغ خوردن"

— To suffer/toil through late-night studies or work.

او برای نوشتن این کتاب دود چراغ خورده است.

Idiomatic

"جان به لب رسیدن"

— To reach the limit of one's suffering; to be on the verge of death or giving up.

از دست این مشکلات جانم به لب رسیده است.

Informal/Emotive

"سوختن و ساختن"

— To suffer and endure; to put up with a bad situation without complaining.

او در آن ازدواج ناموفق فقط سوخت و ساخت.

Common Idiom

"کارد به استخوان رسیدن"

— When suffering becomes unbearable. Literally: the knife has reached the bone.

دیگر رنج بس است، کارد به استخوان رسیده.

Idiomatic

"پوست انداختن"

— To go through a difficult, transformative suffering.

او برای رسیدن به موفقیت پوست انداخت.

Metaphorical

"دندان روی جگر گذاشتن"

— To suffer in silence and exercise patience.

باید دندان روی جگر بگذاری و این رنج را تحمل کنی.

Idiomatic

"خم به ابرو نیاوردن"

— To suffer without showing any sign of pain or complaint.

او با وجود تمام رنج‌ها، خم به ابرو نیاورد.

Commendatory

"سیاه بخت بودن"

— To be ill-fated, implying a life of constant suffering.

او فکر می‌کرد سیاه بخت است و باید رنج بکشد.

Literary/Dramatic

혼동하기 쉬운

رنج کشیدن vs رنجور

Both start with 'ranj'.

Ranj keshidan is the verb (to suffer). Ranjur is an adjective meaning 'sickly' or 'ailing'.

Piremard-e ranjur ranj mikesham (The sickly old man is suffering).

رنج کشیدن vs رنجاندن

Both involve suffering.

Ranj keshidan is intransitive (to suffer yourself). Ranjandan is transitive (to make someone else suffer/offend them).

U ra naranjan (Don't offend/make him suffer).

رنج کشیدن vs زجر

Synonyms for suffering.

Ranj is general. Zajr is more intense, often implying torture or extreme agony.

U dar zendan zajr keshid.

رنج کشیدن vs محنت

Synonyms for suffering.

Mehnat specifically refers to the toil and hard labor of work.

Mehnat-e ruzegar.

رنج کشیدن vs غم

Both involve sadness.

Gham is 'sorrow' or 'grief' (a feeling). Ranj is the 'suffering' (the experience/process).

Gham-e u ba'es-e ranj-e man ast.

문장 패턴

[Subject] ranj mikesham.

Man ranj mikesham.

[Subject] az [Noun] ranj mikesham.

Man az dars ranj mikesham.

[Subject] baraye [Goal] ranj keshid.

U baraye azadi ranj keshid.

[Subject] az inke [Clause] ranj mibarad.

U az inke piri ra mibinad ranj mibarad.

Ranj-e [Noun] keshidan.

Ranj-e ghorbat keshidan sakht ast.

[Noun] ba'es-e ranj-e [Noun] shod.

Jang ba'es-e ranj-e mardom shod.

Dar [Noun] ranji laya-zal nahoofte ast.

Dar in sher ranji layazal nahoofte ast.

Ranj keshidan be masabe-ye [Noun].

Ranj keshidan be masabeye takamol ast.

어휘 가족

명사

رنج (suffering/pain)

رنجور (ailing/sickly person)

رنجش (resentment/offense)

مرارت (bitterness/hardship)

동사

رنجاندن (to offend/to make someone suffer)

رنجیدن (to be offended/to take offense)

رنج دادن (to cause suffering)

형용사

رنج‌آور (painful/distressing)

رنج‌دیده (one who has suffered)

رنجور (sickly/weak from suffering)

بی‌رنج (without suffering/effortless)

사용법

frequency

Common in literature, news, and serious personal discussions. Less common in light, casual banter.

자주 하는 실수

Man ranj mikonam. → Man ranj mikesham.
'Kardan' is the most common auxiliary, but 'ranj' specifically pairs with 'keshidan'.
Man ba tanhai ranj mikesham. → Man az tanhai ranj mikesham.
The preposition for suffering 'from' something is 'az', not 'ba' (with).
U az dard-e dandan ranj mikesham. → U az dard-e dandan ranj mikeshad.
Mismatch between subject (U) and verb conjugation (mikesham).
Ranj keshidan for a broken toy. → Narahat shodan for a broken toy.
'Ranj keshidan' is too heavy for trivial matters. Use it for significant life issues.
Pronouncing 'ranj' as 'rang'. → Pronouncing it with a 'j' sound.
'Rang' means color. Changing the final sound completely changes the meaning.

팁

Conjugation Mastery

Always remember that 'keshidan' is the part that changes. Practice the present stem 'kesh-' and past stem 'keshid-' with all pronouns to become fluent.

Synonym Nuance

Use 'sakhti keshidan' for physical hardships like poverty or hard work, and 'ranj keshidan' for emotional or health-related suffering.

Poetic Depth

In Iran, admitting to 'ranj keshidan' is not seen as a weakness but often as a sign of having lived a deep, meaningful life. Don't be afraid of the word's weight.

Avoid Overuse

Don't use 'ranj keshidan' for minor inconveniences like a slow internet connection. It makes you sound overly dramatic. Use 'aziyyat shodan' instead.

Preposition Alert

When you hear 'az' followed by a noun and then a verb ending in '-keshidan', you are hearing what someone is suffering from.

Adjective Placement

You can put adjectives between 'ranj' and 'keshidan' for emphasis, like 'ranj-e bozorgi keshid' (he suffered a great suffering).

Respectful Tone

When talking about an elder's hardships, use 'ranj keshide-and' (plural) to show respect for their life journey.

The 'Wrench' Mnemonic

Think of 'Ranj' as a 'Wrench' turning in your heart. It helps you remember the 'j' sound and the painful meaning.

Context Clues

In classic texts, 'ranj' often appears near 'ganj' (treasure). This contrast is a very common literary trope in Persian.

The Tapped R

Make sure your 'R' in 'Ranj' is a quick tap of the tongue against the roof of the mouth, not a long English 'R'.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Ranj' as 'Range'. Suffering often covers a wide 'range' of emotions. To 'keshidan' (pull) that 'range' is to endure it.

시각적 연상

Imagine someone pulling (keshidan) a heavy chain (ranj) behind them. The chain represents the weight of suffering they are dragging through life.

Word Web

Pain Endurance Toil Heartbreak Illness Poetry Patience Growth

챌린지

Try to write three sentences describing a difficult time in your life using 'ranj keshidam' and explain what you learned from it.

어원

Derived from Middle Persian 'ranj', which meant effort, trouble, or pain. It is related to the Avestan root 'rang-', meaning to make light or to move quickly (possibly through the idea of exertion).

원래 의미: Effort or toil required for a task.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Middle Persian -> Modern Persian.

문화적 맥락

When someone tells you they are 'ranj keshidan', it is a serious statement. Respond with empathy (e.g., 'Mota'assefam' - I'm sorry) rather than lightheartedness.

In English, 'to suffer' can sound very clinical or extreme. In Persian, it is used more broadly in literature and daily life to denote any deep struggle.

Ferdowsi's Shahnameh: 'Bas ranj bordam dar in sal-e si' (I toiled much in these thirty years). Saadi's Gulistan: Discusses the 'ranj' of the poor versus the 'asayesh' of the rich. The movie 'The Color of Paradise' (Rang-e Khoda): Depicts the spiritual suffering of a blind boy.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Medical

از چه دردی رنج می‌برید؟
رنج بیمار کاهش یافت.
بیمار از بی‌خوابی رنج می‌کشد.
درمان رنج‌های جسمی.

Personal Relationships

از دوری تو رنج می‌کشم.
او از بی‌توجهی رنج می‌برد.
نمی‌خواهم باعث رنج تو شوم.
رنج‌های یک عشق نافرجام.

Work and Effort

برای این پروژه رنج زیادی کشیدیم.
رنج کار در معدن.
او بدون رنج به جایی نرسید.
رنج و زحمت فراوان.

Social Issues

مردم از گرانی رنج می‌کشند.
کودکان کار رنج می‌برند.
رنج‌های ناشی از جنگ.
پایان دادن به رنج فقرا.

Literature/Philosophy

رنج مایه کمال است.
در ستایش رنج.
رنج‌های بشری در شعر حافظ.
فلسفه رنج کشیدن.

대화 시작하기

"آیا تا به حال برای رسیدن به هدفی رنج زیادی کشیده‌اید؟ (Have you ever suffered much to reach a goal?)"

"به نظر شما رنج کشیدن می‌تواند انسان را قوی‌تر کند؟ (In your opinion, can suffering make a person stronger?)"

"چگونه می‌توان رنج‌های روحی را درمان کرد؟ (How can one treat mental sufferings?)"

"در فرهنگ شما، رنج کشیدن چه جایگاهی دارد؟ (What is the place of suffering in your culture?)"

"کدام شخصیت تاریخی به خاطر رنج‌هایش برای شما محترم است؟ (Which historical figure is respectable to you because of their sufferings?)"

일기 주제

درباره زمانی بنویسید که از تنهایی رنج می‌کشیدید و چگونه با آن مقابله کردید. (Write about a time you suffered from loneliness and how you dealt with it.)

آیا رنج کشیدن برای هنر ضروری است؟ نظرات خود را شرح دهید. (Is suffering necessary for art? Explain your views.)

یک رنج بزرگ در جامعه خود را توصیف کنید و راه حلی برای آن پیشنهاد دهید. (Describe a great suffering in your society and suggest a solution for it.)

تفاوت بین 'درد جسمی' و 'رنج روحی' از نظر شما چیست؟ (What is the difference between 'physical pain' and 'mental suffering' in your view?)

نامه‌ای به خودتان در آینده بنویسید و بگویید که چگونه رنج‌های امروز شما را ساخته‌اند. (Write a letter to your future self saying how today's sufferings have made you.)

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Technically you can say 'az sardard ranj mikesham' (I suffer from headaches) if it's a chronic condition. But if your head just hurts right now, use 'sardard daram' or 'dard mikesham'. 'Ranj' is usually for deeper or longer-lasting issues.

They mean the same thing. 'Ranj bordan' is more formal and literary. You'll see 'ranj bordan' in books and news, while 'ranj keshidan' is common in both speech and writing.

It is generally negative as it means suffering. However, in Persian poetry and mysticism, it can have a noble or positive connotation as a path to spiritual growth or wisdom.

You can say 'Ranj nakesh', but it sounds very poetic. A more common way to say 'don't be sad' or 'don't worry' is 'Narahat nabash' or 'Ghosse nakhor'.

No, they are not etymologically related. 'Ranj' comes from Indo-Iranian roots, while 'range' comes from Old French 'rang'.

Yes, it is perfectly correct to use this verb for the suffering of animals, especially in the context of animal rights or illness.

It's a shortened version of the proverb 'Na-borde ranj, ganj moyassar nemishavad', meaning 'Without toil, no treasure is obtained' (No pain, no gain).

You conjugate the auxiliary 'khahad': 'Ranj khaham keshid', 'Ranj khahi keshid', etc.

Use 'az' for the cause (suffering from...) and 'baraye' for the purpose (suffering for...). Example: 'Az fagr ranj mikesham' vs 'Baraye azadi ranj mikesham'.

In Persian, many abstract experiences are 'pulled' or 'drawn'. You 'pull' pain, you 'pull' a drawing, and you 'pull' a cigarette (smoke). It implies the act of enduring or bringing something through time.

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