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B1 verb 13분 분량

lupaa

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 lupaa 30초 만에

설명 lupaa in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should recognize 'lupaa' as a word related to making a commitment. You might see it in very simple sentences like 'Hän lupaa tulla' (He promises to come). At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar, but you should know that it comes from the verb 'luvata.' You might also see it on signs or in simple instructions. The most important thing for an A1 learner is to understand the basic meaning: that someone is saying they will definitely do something. You should also be aware that 'lupaa' can mean 'permission' in some contexts, though you will mostly encounter the verb form first. Focus on the 3rd person singular form as a fixed expression for now. If you hear a Finn say 'Lupaan!' it means 'I promise!' and 'Hän lupaa' means 'He/she promises.' This is a very useful word for basic social interactions and building trust with your Finnish friends. Try to learn the phrase 'Lupaan auttaa' (I promise to help) as a way to show kindness. Even at this early stage, knowing this word helps you understand the expectations people have in a conversation. Don't worry about the 'v' and 'p' changes yet; just focus on the word 'lupaa' as it appears in the present tense.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'lupaa' in more varied sentences. You should understand the consonant gradation: the infinitive is 'luvata' but when you conjugate it, it becomes 'lupaan,' 'lupaat,' and 'lupaa.' This 'v' to 'p' shift is a key part of Finnish grammar that you are now mastering. You will also start using 'lupaa' with a second verb in the infinitive, like 'Hän lupaa soittaa minulle' (He promises to call me). At A2, you are also introduced to the allative case (-lle) for the person who receives the promise: 'Lupaa minulle' (Promise me). You might also encounter the word in weather forecasts, which are a great way to practice your listening skills. Phrases like 'Sääennuste lupaa aurinkoa' (The forecast promises sun) become part of your daily vocabulary. You are also learning to distinguish between the verb 'lupaa' and the partitive form of the noun 'lupa' (permission). For example, 'Tarvitsen lupaa' (I need permission) vs 'Hän lupaa' (He promises). This distinction is vital for accurate communication. You should also be able to form simple negative sentences: 'Hän ei lupaa mitään' (He doesn't promise anything). This level is about building the structural foundation so you can use the word accurately in everyday situations.

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At the B1 level, you are becoming a 'threshold' user of Finnish, and 'lupaa' becomes a very versatile tool in your kit. You understand that 'lupaa' isn't just about literal promises but also about expectations and indications. You can use it in expressions like 'Tämä ei lupaa hyvää' (This doesn't bode well) to express concern or skepticism. You are comfortable with the 'että' (that) clause: 'Hän lupaa, että työ on valmis maanantaina.' You also understand the case system better, knowing when to use the partitive for abstract promises ('lupaa apua') and the accusative for specific things ('lupaa uuden auton'). You might start noticing more nuanced forms like 'lupailee' (promises repeatedly/vaguely) in news articles or political discussions. Your vocabulary is expanding to include synonyms like 'vakuuttaa' (assure) and you can choose the right word depending on the level of certainty you want to convey. B1 learners should also be aware of the cultural context: in Finland, promising is taken very seriously, and the word 'lupaa' carries significant social weight. You are now able to participate in discussions about future plans and commitments using this word with confidence. You can also read short news stories where 'lupaa' is used to report on government pledges or economic forecasts.

At the B2 level, you have a firm grasp of the word 'lupaa' and can use it in complex, abstract contexts. You understand its use in metaphorical and idiomatic expressions. For example, you can describe a book as 'lupaava' (promising) or a situation as 'paljon lupaava' (promising a lot). You are proficient in using the word in formal writing, such as emails or reports, where you might say 'Yritys lupaa parantaa palveluaan' (The company promises to improve its service). You are also sensitive to the register of the word; you know that 'vannoa' is more dramatic and 'sitoutua' is more professional. At this level, you can follow political debates where 'vaalilupaus' (election promise) is a central theme and understand the critiques associated with it. You also handle the grammar of 'lupaa' perfectly, including its use in the passive voice ('luvataan') and various participial forms. You can distinguish between the subtle shades of meaning when 'lupaa' is used in different domains, such as law, science, and interpersonal relationships. Your ability to use 'lupaa' correctly in the conditional mood ('hän lupaisi, jos voisi') shows your advanced command of the language. You are no longer just using the word; you are using it to navigate social and professional nuances with ease.

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At the C1 level, you use 'lupaa' with the precision of a native speaker. You are aware of the historical and etymological roots of the word and how it fits into the broader Finnish linguistic system. You can use it in highly formal or academic contexts, such as 'Tutkimus lupaa uusia näkökulmia' (The study promises new perspectives). You understand the subtle irony or sarcasm when someone says 'Hän taas lupaa kuun taivaalta' (He's promising the moon from the sky again). Your understanding of the word extends to its role in literature and poetry, where it might be used to evoke a sense of hope or impending doom. You are also adept at using the noun 'lupa' and all its cases alongside the verb 'luvata' without any confusion. You can engage in deep cultural discussions about the Finnish concept of 'rehellisyys' (honesty) and how the act of promising is central to social cohesion in Finland. You also recognize the frequentative and causative derivatives of the verb and can use them to add flavor to your speech. At this level, you can analyze the rhetoric of public figures, noticing how they use 'lupaa' to build rapport or deflect criticism. Your mastery is such that you can even play with the word in creative writing or complex negotiations, knowing exactly how much weight your words carry.

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At the C2 level, your command of 'lupaa' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You have a profound understanding of the word's place in the Finnish language, including its archaic uses and its evolution. You can navigate the most complex legal documents where 'luvata' and 'lupa' are used in technical, precisely defined ways. You are comfortable with the word in all its morphological glory, from the most obscure participial constructions to its use in ancient proverbs. You can appreciate and use the word in high-level diplomatic or philosophical discourse, where the nature of a 'promise' might be the subject of debate. You understand the phonetic nuances and how stress and intonation can change the perceived sincerity of a promise. In your speech, 'lupaa' is just one of many tools you use to weave a rich, nuanced tapestry of meaning. You can effortlessly switch between registers, using 'lupaa' in a child's bedtime story or in a complex scientific forecast. Your mastery of the word is not just about grammar or vocabulary; it is about a deep, intuitive connection to the Finnish culture and way of thinking that the word represents. You are fully capable of explaining the nuances of this word to others, just as this API does, and you can spot even the most subtle misuses of it in any context.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

lupaa 30초 만에

Lupaa is the Finnish word for 'promises' (3rd person singular). It is used for personal commitments and weather predictions.
It comes from the verb 'luvata'. Notice the 'v' to 'p' change in the stem when you conjugate it.
It can also mean 'permission' in the partitive case (lupaa), so check the context carefully.
Commonly used with the allative case (-lle) to show who is receiving the promise, e.g., 'lupaa minulle'.

The Finnish word lupaa is a multifaceted term that primarily functions as the third-person singular present indicative form of the verb luvata, meaning 'to promise.' In the landscape of Finnish communication, this word carries a weight of commitment and reliability that is deeply rooted in the national psyche. When someone says 'hän lupaa,' they are describing an act of verbal or written binding to a future action. However, the word is not limited to interpersonal agreements; it is frequently encountered in meteorological contexts, such as 'sääennuste lupaa aurinkoa' (the weather forecast promises sun), where it suggests a prediction or an indication of things to come.

Core Concept: The act of giving one's word or indicating a likely future outcome.
Grammatical Identity: Third-person singular present indicative of the verb 'luvata'. It also serves as the imperative 'Promise!' and the partitive singular of the noun 'lupa' (permission).

Beyond the literal promise, lupaa is used to describe potential. In professional settings, a project might 'lupaa hyvää' (promise good things/look promising), indicating that initial results are positive. This usage mirrors the English 'it looks promising.' The cultural significance of a promise in Finland cannot be overstated; the phrase 'mies on sanansa mittainen' (a man is as good as his word) reflects the high value placed on the integrity of what one lupaa.

Hän lupaa palauttaa kirjan huomenna.

In everyday conversation, you will hear this word in various registers. Parents use it with children ('Isä lupaa, että menemme puistoon'), politicians use it in manifestos ('Puolue lupaa laskea veroja'), and friends use it in casual arrangements. It is important to distinguish the verb form from the noun lupa. While 'hän lupaa' means he promises, 'hän tarvitsee lupaa' means he needs permission. The context usually makes the distinction clear, but for a learner, the shared spelling in the partitive case of the noun and the present tense of the verb is a common point of confusion. The word also appears in the negative form 'ei lupaa,' which can mean 'does not promise' or, idiomatically, 'does not bode well' (ei lupaa hyvää). This versatility makes it a cornerstone of B1-level Finnish, as it allows learners to express intent, prediction, and social obligation.

Tämä uusi sopimus lupaa parempaa tulevaisuutta yritykselle.

Finally, in the world of Finnish literature and media, the word is often used to build suspense or set expectations. A movie trailer might state that the film 'lupaa jännitystä' (promises excitement). Understanding lupaa is not just about learning a verb; it is about understanding how Finns communicate commitment and expectation across different domains of life.

Usage in Media: Commonly used in headlines to summarize political pledges or upcoming weather changes.

Sääennuste lupaa viikonlopuksi hellettä.

Using lupaa correctly involves understanding both its conjugation and the grammatical cases of the objects it governs. As the 3rd person singular form, it typically follows a singular subject like 'hän' (he/she), 'se' (it), or a specific noun like 'äiti' (mother) or 'hallitus' (the government). One of the most common structures is lupaa + tehdä (promises to do), where the second verb is in the first infinitive. For example, 'Hän lupaa soittaa' (He promises to call). This structure is straightforward for English speakers as it mirrors the 'promise to [verb]' pattern.

Verb + Infinitive: Lupaa auttaa (promises to help), lupaa tulla (promises to come), lupaa maksaa (promises to pay).

However, when lupaa takes a direct object (a noun), the case of that object becomes crucial. If you promise a specific, whole thing, the object is often in the genitive-accusative or nominative-accusative. But if you are promising something abstract or a quantity of something, the partitive is used. For instance, 'Hän lupaa apua' (He promises help). Here, 'apua' is in the partitive case because 'help' is an uncountable, abstract concept in this context.

Pekka lupaa minulle uuden puhelimen.

Another important aspect is the use of the allative case (-lle) to indicate the person to whom the promise is made. 'Hän lupaa minulle' (He promises to me). This is a consistent pattern: the recipient of the promise always takes the -lle ending. This helps clarify the sentence structure even when word order is shifted for emphasis. In more complex sentences, lupaa can be followed by a 'että' (that) clause. 'Hän lupaa, että työ valmistuu ajoissa' (He promises that the work will be finished on time). This is very common in formal writing and reporting. It is also worth noting the use of 'lupaa' in the passive voice or with impersonal subjects. 'Nyt lupaa hyvää' is an idiomatic expression where the 'it' is implied, meaning 'Things are looking up' or 'This bodes well.'

Object Cases: Abstract/Uncountable = Partitive (lupaa rahaa). Specific/Whole = Accusative (lupaa auton).

Kauppa lupaa asiakkaille nopean toimituksen.

Opettaja lupaa tarkistaa kokeet pian.

For learners, practicing the transition from the infinitive luvata to the conjugated lupaa is essential. Notice how the 'v' in the stem of the infinitive becomes 'p' in the conjugated form. This is a Type 4 verb (haluta-type) characteristic. Mastery of this consonant gradation (v -> p) is a hallmark of moving from A2 to B1 proficiency.

Sentence Structure: Subject + lupaa + Recipient-lle + Object / että-clause / infinitive.

Hän lupaa aina liikaa, mutta tekee vähän.

In the daily life of a person living in Finland, lupaa is a word that echoes through various environments, from the flickering screen of a television during the news to the quiet negotiations of a family dinner table. One of the most ubiquitous places you will hear it is during the weather forecast (säätiedotus). Finnish weather is notoriously unpredictable, and meteorologists often use the verb to manage expectations. 'Ennuste lupaa pilvistä' (The forecast promises cloudy weather) or 'Lupaa lunta' (It promises snow) are phrases every Finn knows by heart. In this context, the word acts as a bridge between scientific data and public expectation.

Context: Media: Weather reports, political debates, and advertisements ('Lupaamme markkinoiden halvimman hinnan').

Moving into the political sphere, lupaa is a high-frequency word during election cycles. Politicians make 'vaalilupauksia' (election promises), and news anchors will often dissect these by saying, 'Hallitus lupaa parannuksia terveydenhuoltoon' (The government promises improvements to healthcare). Here, the word carries the weight of civic duty and social contract. In the workplace, you might hear a supervisor say, 'Asiakas lupaa vastata meille huomenna' (The client promises to answer us tomorrow), which sets the timeline for professional tasks.

Radiossa sanottiin, että huominen lupaa aurinkoa.

In social settings, the word is used to build trust. When a friend says, 'Hän lupaa tulla juhliin,' it provides a sense of certainty to the event planning. However, there is also a cautionary side to the word. Finns often use the phrase 'ei lupaa hyvää' when observing a troubling situation. For example, if a dark cloud appears or a car engine starts making a strange noise, someone might remark, 'Tämä ei lupaa hyvää.' This idiomatic use is very common in spoken Finnish to express apprehension. You will also encounter lupaa in commercial contexts. Marketing slogans often use it to guarantee quality or results: 'Tämä voide lupaa nuoremman ihon' (This cream promises younger skin). In these cases, it is used to create a desire or a perceived benefit. Finally, in legal or administrative language, the noun form 'lupaa' (partitive of 'lupa') is heard constantly: 'Tarvitsen lupaa rakentaa aita' (I need permission to build a fence). Understanding the auditory difference between the verb and the noun in context is key to fluent listening comprehension.

Context: Daily Life: Parenting, friendship, shopping, and navigating bureaucracy.

Mainos lupaa, että tuote on täysin luonnollinen.

Pomo lupaa harkita palkankorotusta ensi vuonna.

For learners of Finnish, the word lupaa is a linguistic minefield where several common errors frequently occur. The most prevalent mistake is the confusion between the verb luvata (to promise) and the noun lupa (permission). Because the partitive singular of 'lupa' is 'lupaa,' and the 3rd person singular present of 'luvata' is also 'lupaa,' students often misinterpret sentences. For example, 'Hän pyytää lupaa' means 'He asks for permission,' not 'He asks he promises.' To avoid this, always look for a preceding verb that requires a partitive object, like 'pyytää' (ask), 'tarvita' (need), or 'saada' (get).

The Verb/Noun Trap: Mistaking 'lupaa' (permission) for 'lupaa' (promises). Solution: Check if there is a subject (he/she) doing the promising.

Another frequent error involves consonant gradation. The infinitive is luvata (with a 'v'), but the conjugated forms use 'p' (lupaan, lupaat, lupaa). Many learners mistakenly say 'hän luvata' or 'hän luvaa.' It is essential to memorize that Type 4 verbs like this undergo a 'v' to 'p' shift. This is counter-intuitive for many because they expect the 'v' to stay.

Väärin: Hän luvaa tulla. Oikein: Hän lupaa tulla.

Case selection for the object of the promise is also a stumbling block. Learners often use the nominative case for everything. However, if you promise 'a car' (specific/whole), it should be 'lupaa auton' (genitive-accusative). If you promise 'help' (abstract), it should be 'lupaa apua' (partitive). Using the wrong case can make the sentence sound 'broken' or even change the meaning. There is also the issue of the 'että' clause. Some learners forget the comma before 'että,' which is mandatory in Finnish: 'Hän lupaa, että...' Additionally, the negative form 'ei lupaa' is sometimes used incorrectly with the wrong verb ending. In Finnish, the negative verb 'ei' is followed by the stem of the verb without the personal ending. Luckily, for 'lupaa,' the 3rd person singular form and the negative stem are identical, but this isn't true for other persons (e.g., 'en lupaa' vs 'minä lupaan').

Preposition Pitfall: English speakers often want to use 'varten' or 'päällä' for 'for' or 'on.' In Finnish, use the allative '-lle' for the recipient.

Väärin: Hän lupaa minua. Oikein: Hän lupaa minulle.

Väärin: Luvata on helppoa. Oikein: Lupaaminen on helppoa (Promising is easy - using the fourth infinitive/noun form).

Lastly, overusing 'lupaa' in situations where 'suunnittelee' (plans) or 'aikoo' (intends) would be more appropriate is a common stylistic error. A promise in Finland is a very strong commitment. If you just 'intend' to do something but aren't 100% sure, use 'aion.' Using 'lupaan' too lightly can lead to social friction if the promise is not kept.

While lupaa is the standard way to express a promise, Finnish offers a variety of synonyms and related terms that carry different nuances of commitment, certainty, and formality. Understanding these alternatives will help you reach C1-level precision in your speech. One of the strongest alternatives is vannoa (to swear). This is used for solemn oaths or when someone is trying to emphasize their absolute truthfulness. 'Vannon, että puhun totta' (I swear I am telling the truth). While 'lupaa' is common, 'vannoa' is dramatic and serious.

Luvata vs. Vannoa: 'Luvata' is a standard promise; 'Vannoa' is a solemn oath or swearing.
Luvata vs. Sitoutua: 'Luvata' is to give your word; 'Sitoutua' is to commit or bind oneself to a long-term obligation.

Another important word is vakuuttaa (to assure/convince). This is often used when you want to make someone else feel certain about something. 'Hän vakuuttaa, että kaikki on kunnossa' (He assures that everything is fine). While 'lupaa' focuses on the future action, 'vakuuttaa' focuses on the current state of belief or confidence. In professional or legal contexts, you might encounter sitoutua (to commit/engage). This is common in contracts: 'Yritys sitoutuu noudattamaan sääntöjä' (The company commits to following the rules).

Hän vakuuttaa tehneensä parhaansa.

For more casual situations, you might use suostua (to agree/consent). If someone asks you to do something and you say yes, you are 'suostumassa' rather than 'lupaamassa.' 'Lupaa' implies a proactive commitment, while 'suostua' is a reaction to a request. Then there is ennustaa (to predict). As mentioned earlier, 'lupaa' is used for weather, but 'ennustaa' is the more technical term for forecasting. 'Meteo ennustaa myrskyä' vs 'Sää lupaa myrskyä.' The latter is more personified and common in casual speech.

Hallitus sitoutuu vähentämään päästöjä.

In the negative, instead of 'ei lupaa,' you might hear 'ei takaa' (does not guarantee). 'Takuu' is a guarantee, and 'taata' is to guarantee. This is very common in commercial and technical contexts. 'Tämä laite ei takaa tuloksia' (This device does not guarantee results). Choosing between 'lupaa' and 'takaa' depends on whether the commitment is personal/moral or technical/contractual.

Luvata vs. Taata: 'Luvata' is a promise; 'Taata' is a formal guarantee or warranty.

Sääennuste lupailee lämpenevää (The weather forecast is 'promising-ish' or hinting at warming - using the frequentative aspect).

Finally, consider the verb lupailla. This is a frequentative form of luvata, meaning to promise repeatedly or to make vague, non-binding promises. It is often used slightly disparagingly of politicians who 'lupailevat liikoja' (keep promising too much without action). Understanding these subtle shifts in verb stems is what truly enriches your Finnish vocabulary.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The word is closely related to 'lupa' (permission). In the past, making a promise was seen as giving someone the 'permission' to expect something from you.

발음 가이드

UK /ˈlupɑː/

US /ˈlupɑː/

Primary stress on the first syllable: LU-paa.

라임이 맞는 단어

vapaa tapaa napaa lapapaa huopaa saapaa kaapaa raapaa

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing it like 'lupa' (short a) which means 'permission' (nominative).
Stressing the second syllable.
Mispronouncing the 'u' as 'y'.
Not holding the double 'a' long enough.
Adding a 'w' sound between the vowels.

난이도

독해 3/5

Easy to recognize but can be confused with the noun form.

쓰기 4/5

Requires knowledge of consonant gradation (v -> p).

말하기 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward but requires correct vowel length.

듣기 4/5

Must distinguish between verb and noun in fast speech.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

lupa sanoa tulla tehdä minulle

다음에 배울 것

vannoa vakuuttaa sitoutua taata ennustaa

고급

lupailla lupautua lupaus lupaava luvattu

알아야 할 문법

Consonant Gradation (Type 4 verbs)

luvata -> lupaa (v changes to p)

Allative Case for Recipient

Lupaa minulle (Promise to me)

Object Case (Partitive vs Accusative)

Lupaa rahaa (Partitive) vs Lupaa auton (Accusative)

Comma before 'että'

Hän lupaa, että tulee.

Negative Verb Form

Hän ei lupaa mitään.

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수준별 예문

Hän lupaa tulla.

He promises to come.

3rd person singular present of luvata.

Isä lupaa jäätelöä.

Dad promises ice cream.

Lupaa + partitive object (uncountable).

Minä lupaan auttaa.

I promise to help.

1st person singular present.

Lupaa minulle!

Promise me!

Imperative mood + allative case.

Hän lupaa soittaa.

She promises to call.

Verb + 1st infinitive.

Se lupaa hyvää.

It promises good (things).

Impersonal use, meaning 'it looks promising'.

Hän ei lupaa mitään.

He doesn't promise anything.

Negative present tense.

Äiti lupaa lahjan.

Mother promises a gift.

Lupaa + accusative object (specific).

Sääennuste lupaa aurinkoa huomiseksi.

The weather forecast promises sun for tomorrow.

Common meteorological usage.

Pomo lupaa meille vapaapäivän.

The boss promises us a day off.

Allative 'meille' (to us).

Hän lupaa kertoa totuuden.

He promises to tell the truth.

Infinitive structure.

Lupaa, ettet kerro kenellekään.

Promise that you won't tell anyone.

Imperative + että-clause.

Kauppa lupaa halvat hinnat.

The shop promises cheap prices.

Commercial context.

Hän lupaa maksaa velan takaisin.

He promises to pay the debt back.

Financial context.

Tämä tie lupaa nopean reitin.

This road promises a fast route.

Metaphorical promise.

Opettaja lupaa tarkistaa kokeet.

The teacher promises to grade the exams.

Professional commitment.

Tumma taivas ei lupaa hyvää retkelle.

The dark sky doesn't bode well for the trip.

Idiomatic 'ei lupaa hyvää'.

Hallitus lupaa uusia työpaikkoja.

The government promises new jobs.

Political context, partitive plural object.

Hän lupaa aina liikaa.

He always promises too much.

Adverb 'aina' modifying the verb.

Lääkäri lupaa, että toipuminen on nopeaa.

The doctor promises that recovery will be fast.

Formal 'että' clause.

Uusi laki lupaa parempaa suojaa kuluttajille.

The new law promises better protection for consumers.

Abstract subject and object.

Tämä kirja lupaa jännittävän seikkailun.

This book promises an exciting adventure.

Literary context.

Hän lupaa muuttua, mutta en usko häntä.

He promises to change, but I don't believe him.

Contrastive sentence structure.

Sääennuste lupaa vesisadetta koko illaksi.

The weather forecast promises rain for the whole evening.

Partitive 'vesisadetta'.

Yritys lupaa kantaa vastuun vahingoista.

The company promises to take responsibility for the damages.

Professional/Legal register.

Alku lupaa enemmän kuin loppu antaa.

The beginning promises more than the end delivers.

Philosophical/Abstract comparison.

Hän lupaa pyhästi olla hiljaa.

He promises solemnly to be quiet.

Adverb 'pyhästi' (solemnly).

Tämä keksintö lupaa vallankumousta alalla.

This invention promises a revolution in the field.

High-impact vocabulary.

Hän lupaa, ettei tilanne toistu.

He promises that the situation won't happen again.

Negative sub-clause.

Mainos lupaa ihmeitä, mutta todellisuus on toinen.

The ad promises miracles, but reality is different.

Skeptical usage.

Sopimus lupaa molemmille osapuolille etuja.

The agreement promises benefits to both parties.

Formal plural allative.

Hän lupaa palata asiaan ensi viikolla.

He promises to return to the matter next week.

Business idiom 'palata asiaan'.

Tutkimusasetelma lupaa merkittäviä tieteellisiä läpimurtoja.

The research design promises significant scientific breakthroughs.

Academic register.

Hän lupaa ummet ja lammet, mutta mikään ei muutu.

He promises the sun and the moon (idiom), but nothing changes.

Idiomatic expression 'luvata ummet ja lammet'.

Tämä kehityssuunta lupaa hyvää talouskasvulle.

This development trend bodes well for economic growth.

Economic analysis context.

Hän lupaa juhlallisesti noudattaa perustuslakia.

He solemnly promises to uphold the constitution.

High formal register.

Uusi teknologia lupaa ratkaista energiakriisin.

New technology promises to solve the energy crisis.

Complex societal topic.

Hän lupaa olla uskollinen kuolemaan saakka.

He promises to be faithful until death.

Emotional/Romantic register.

Strategia lupaa tehostaa tuotantoa huomattavasti.

The strategy promises to streamline production significantly.

Corporate jargon.

Tämä hiljaisuus ei lupaa mitään hyvää.

This silence doesn't bode well at all.

Suspenseful context.

Kirjailijan uusin teos lupaa metafyysistä pohdintaa olemassaolosta.

The author's latest work promises metaphysical reflection on existence.

Literary/Philosophical register.

Diplomaattinen sopu lupaa vakautta epävakaalle alueelle.

Diplomatic accord promises stability to a volatile region.

Geopolitical context.

Hän lupaa kantaa historiansa painolastin arvokkuudella.

He promises to carry the burden of his history with dignity.

Poetic/Metaphorical usage.

Tämä diskurssi lupaa purkaa vallitsevia valtarakenteita.

This discourse promises to deconstruct prevailing power structures.

Sociological/Critical theory register.

Lupaus, jonka hän lupaa, on sidottu ikiaikaiseen perinteeseen.

The promise he promises is bound to an ancient tradition.

Tautological/Stylistic emphasis.

Sääennusteen epävarmuus lupaa haasteita logistiikkaketjulle.

The uncertainty of the weather forecast promises challenges for the logistics chain.

Technical/Analytical context.

Hän lupaa, että oikeudenmukaisuus toteutuu viimeisellä tuomiolla.

He promises that justice will be served at the final judgment.

Theological register.

Tämä arkkitehtuuri lupaa saumatonta integraatiota luontoon.

This architecture promises seamless integration with nature.

Aesthetic/Design register.

자주 쓰는 조합

lupaa hyvää

lupaa liikoja

sääennuste lupaa

lupaa ummet ja lammet

lupaa minulle

ei lupaa hyvää

lupaa tulla

lupaa apua

lupaa maksaa

lupaa jännitystä

자주 쓰는 구문

Lupaa on lupaa.

— A promise is a promise. Used to emphasize keeping one's word.

Pidä sanasi, lupaus on lupaus.

Mitä hän lupaa?

— What does he/she promise? Used to ask about terms.

Mitä hallitus lupaa meille?

Hän lupaa ja vannoo.

— He promises and swears. Used for extra emphasis.

Hän lupaa ja vannoo olevansa uskollinen.

Lupaa minulle se.

— Promise me that. A direct request for commitment.

Lupaa minulle, ettet lähde.

Ei lupaa mitään.

— Does not promise anything. Can be literal or skeptical.

Tämä sopimus ei lupaa mitään varmaa.

Lupaa hyvää sää.

— The weather promises to be good. Common small talk.

Huominen lupaa hyvää säätä.

Lupaa parannusta.

— Promises improvement. Common in healthcare or politics.

Lääke lupaa nopeaa parannusta.

Lupaa tehdä parhaansa.

— Promises to do one's best. A standard commitment.

Hän lupaa tehdä parhaansa kokeessa.

Lupaa palata.

— Promises to return. Often used in business (return to a topic).

Hän lupaa palata asiaan myöhemmin.

Lupaa liikaa.

— Promises too much. A warning about over-commitment.

Hän lupaa aina liikaa ja pettyy.

자주 혼동되는 단어

lupaa vs lupa

Lupa is the noun 'permission'. Its partitive form is 'lupaa', which looks identical to the verb form.

lupaa vs luottaa

Luottaa means 'to trust'. You trust someone who keeps what they lupaa.

lupaa vs luulla

Luulla means 'to think/suppose'. Don't confuse the 'lu-' start.

관용어 및 표현

"lupaa ummet ja lammet"

— To promise the moon and the stars (literally: hills and ponds). Making impossible promises.

Hän lupasi ummet ja lammet, mutta mitään ei tapahtunut.

Informal

"ei lupaa hyvää"

— It doesn't bode well. Used when seeing a bad sign.

Tämä kolina moottorissa ei lupaa hyvää.

Neutral

"lupaa hyvää"

— It looks promising. Used when seeing a good sign.

Ensimmäinen puoliaika lupaa hyvää.

Neutral

"lupaa kuun taivaalta"

— To promise the moon from the sky. Similar to ummet ja lammet.

Älä usko häntä, hän lupaa kuun taivaalta.

Informal

"sanansa mittainen mies"

— A man of his word. Related to the concept of luvata.

Pekka on sanansa mittainen mies, hän tekee mitä lupaa.

Traditional

"lupaus on velka"

— A promise is a debt. You must pay/fulfill it.

Muista, että lupaus on velka.

Proverbial

"lupaava alku"

— A promising start.

Kaudella oli lupaava alku.

Neutral

"lupauksien meri"

— A sea of promises. Used when there are too many empty words.

Hukuimme poliitikkojen lupauksien mereen.

Literary

"tyhjä lupaus"

— An empty promise.

Se oli vain tyhjä lupaus.

Neutral

"pitää lupauksensa"

— To keep one's promise.

Hän pitää aina lupauksensa.

Neutral

혼동하기 쉬운

lupaa vs lupa

Identical spelling in partitive case.

'Hän lupaa' is an action; 'Hän tarvitsee lupaa' is a requirement.

Hän lupaa tulla (Verb) vs. Hän sai lupaa (Noun).

lupaa vs lupailla

Similar stem.

Lupailla is frequentative, implying many or vague promises.

Hän lupailee liikoja.

lupaa vs luvata

It is the infinitive.

Use 'luvata' after another verb (haluan luvata) and 'lupaa' as the main action (hän lupaa).

Voin luvata sen.

lupaa vs vannoa

Similar meaning.

Vannoa is much stronger and more formal/dramatic.

Vannon sen todeksi.

lupaa vs taata

Similar meaning.

Taata is used for formal guarantees or warranties.

Takuu takaa laadun.

문장 패턴

Hän lupaa [verbi].

Hän lupaa tulla.

Hän lupaa minulle [asia].

Hän lupaa minulle kirjan.

Sääennuste lupaa [sää].

Sääennuste lupaa lunta.

Hän lupaa, että [lause].

Hän lupaa, että auttaa.

[Asia] lupaa hyvää.

Tämä alku lupaa hyvää.

Hän ei lupaa [partitiivi].

Hän ei lupaa mitään hyvää.

Hän lupaa pyhästi [verbi].

Hän lupaa pyhästi vaieta.

[Abstrakti asia] lupaa [abstrakti seuraus].

Kehitys lupaa vakautta.

어휘 가족

명사

lupaus (promise)

lupa (permission)

lupaaja (promiser)

lupaaminen (the act of promising)

동사

luvata (to promise)

lupailla (to keep promising vaguely)

lupautua (to volunteer/commit oneself)

형용사

lupaava (promising)

luvattu (promised)

사용법

frequency

Very high, especially in daily life and media.

자주 하는 실수

Hän luvaa tulla. → Hän lupaa tulla.
Forgetting the consonant gradation (v -> p).
Lupaa minua. → Lupaa minulle.
Using the partitive/accusative for the person instead of the allative case.
Hän lupaa että tulee. → Hän lupaa, että tulee.
Missing the mandatory comma before 'että'.
Sää lupaa aurinko. → Sää lupaa aurinkoa.
Using the nominative instead of the partitive for weather phenomena.
Tarvitsen lupaa tulla. → Tarvitsen luvan tulla (or lupaa if general).
Confusing the verb 'promises' with the noun 'permission' in a specific context.

팁

Consonant Gradation

Remember the v-p shift. Infinitive 'luvata' has 'v', but 'lupaa' has 'p'. This is a common pattern in Finnish Type 4 verbs.

Weather Reports

Use 'lupaa' when talking about the forecast. It makes you sound very natural. 'Mitä sää lupaa?' is a great conversation starter.

Honesty

Only use 'lupaan' if you are 100% sure. In Finland, breaking a promise is a big deal socially.

Boding Well

Use 'lupaa hyvää' or 'ei lupaa hyvää' to comment on situations, like a sports game or a project's start.

The -lle Ending

Always add '-lle' to the person you are promising to. 'Lupaa minulle', 'Lupaa Juhanille'.

Verb vs Noun

If 'lupaa' follows 'tarvita', 'saada', or 'pyytää', it is a noun (permission). Otherwise, it is likely the verb (promises).

Ummet ja lammet

Learn the idiom 'lupaa ummet ja lammet' to describe someone who makes empty, grandiose promises.

Comma usage

Don't forget the comma before 'että' when using 'lupaa, että...'. It's a strict rule in Finnish.

Vowel Length

The double 'aa' is long. Make sure you don't shorten it, or it might sound like the nominative noun 'lupa'.

Formal alternative

In a contract, use 'sitoutua' instead of 'luvata' for a more professional tone.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'LUPAA' as 'LOOP-AA'. You are looping your word around a future action to make sure it stays.

시각적 연상

Imagine a person tying a ribbon (a promise) around their finger. The ribbon looks like the letter 'L' for 'lupaa'.

Word Web

luvata lupaus lupa vannoa vakuuttaa taata sitoutua rehellinen

챌린지

Try to use 'lupaa' in three different contexts today: one for weather, one for a friend, and one for a personal goal.

어원

Derived from the Proto-Finnic root *lupa, which originally referred to permission or leave.

원래 의미: To give leave or to grant permission, which evolved into the modern sense of giving one's word.

Uralic / Finnic.

문화적 맥락

Be careful when using 'lupaa' in business negotiations; ensure you can actually deliver on the promise.

English speakers might use 'I promise' as a filler or to emphasize a point without a literal commitment. In Finnish, this can be misunderstood as a solemn vow.

Vaalilupaus (a common theme in Finnish political satire) Luvattu maa (The Promised Land - biblical reference) Suomi lupaa (Finland promises - common headline in international relations)

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Weather

Lupaa aurinkoa
Lupaa sadetta
Sääennuste lupaa
Mitä huominen lupaa?

Politics

Vaalilupaus
Hallitus lupaa
Puolue lupaa
Lupaa muutosta

Relationships

Lupaa minulle
Hän lupaa muuttua
Pidä mitä lupaat
Älä lupaa liikoja

Business

Lupaa palata asiaan
Yritys lupaa laatua
Lupaa toimituksen
Lupaa alennusta

Predictions

Tämä lupaa hyvää
Ei lupaa hyvää
Alku lupaa
Tilanne lupaa

대화 시작하기

"Mitä sääennuste lupaa viikonlopuksi?"

"Lupaatko auttaa minua muutossa ensi kuussa?"

"Mitä sinä lupaat itsellesi tänä vuonna?"

"Lupaako tämä uusi projekti mielestäsi hyvää?"

"Miksi poliitikko aina lupaa niin paljon ennen vaaleja?"

일기 주제

Kirjoita lupaus, jonka haluat antaa itsellesi tästä päivästä lähtien.

Mitä sääennuste lupaa tänään ja miten se vaikuttaa suunnitelmiisi?

Muistele kertaa, jolloin joku lupasi sinulle jotain tärkeää. Pitikö hän lupauksensa?

Miksi on tärkeää, että ihminen tekee sen, mitä hän lupaa?

Mitä uusi vuosi yleensä lupaa sinulle?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

It can be both! As a verb, it means '(he/she/it) promises'. As a noun, it is the partitive form of 'lupa' (permission). Context is key: 'Hän lupaa' (verb) vs 'Hän kysyy lupaa' (noun).

Minä lupaan, sinä lupaat, hän lupaa, me lupaamme, te lupaatte, he lupaavat. Notice the 'p' in all conjugated forms.

Usually the partitive for abstract things (lupaa apua) or the accusative for specific, whole things (lupaa kirjan).

Yes, it is very common! 'Sää lupaa aurinkoa' means 'The weather promises sun'.

It is an idiom meaning 'it doesn't bode well' or 'it looks like bad news'.

Yes. 'Lupaa' is to promise to do something; 'vakuuttaa' is to assure someone that something is true.

You say 'Lupaa minulle'. You must use the allative case (-lle) for the person.

It is neutral and can be used in almost any situation, from talking to a child to a business meeting.

The past tense (imperfect) is 'hän lupasi'.

No, it can take a noun object ('lupaa rahaa') or an 'että' clause ('lupaa, että...').

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기