पराया 30초 만에
- Paraya means 'not one's own' or 'belonging to another'.
- It's an adjective used for people, things, or concepts.
- The opposite is 'apna' (own).
- Commonly used in sentences about ownership, relationships, and belonging.
The Hindi word पराया (paraya) is an adjective that means 'not one's own' or 'belonging to another.' It is used to describe someone or something that is not related to you, your family, or your group. Think of it as the opposite of 'own' or 'ours.' When something or someone is 'paraya,' it implies a sense of being an outsider, unfamiliar, or belonging to a different entity. This word carries a nuance of detachment, and sometimes even a hint of caution or unfamiliarity.
- Core Meaning
- Belonging to someone else; foreign; alien; not related.
- Contextual Usage
- It can refer to people, property, or even abstract concepts. For example, you might call a person 'paraya' if they are not from your village or community, or if they are a stranger. Similarly, a house that you do not own is 'paraya ghar'. In a more figurative sense, a feeling or thought that is not your own can also be described as 'paraya'. The word is quite common in everyday Hindi conversations and literature, often appearing in discussions about relationships, ownership, and social boundaries.
यह मेरा घर नहीं है, यह पराया घर है। (Yah mera ghar nahin hai, yah paraya ghar hai.)
The term can also be used to express feelings of alienation or not belonging. If someone feels like an outsider in a group, they might describe their situation using 'paraya'. It's a versatile word that captures the essence of 'otherness'.
- Related Concepts
- The concept of 'paraya' is deeply embedded in many cultures, emphasizing the distinction between one's own community or family and the outside world. This distinction can be based on kinship, geography, or social affiliation. Understanding 'paraya' helps in understanding social dynamics and relationship terms in Hindi.
वह हमेशा खुद को पराया महसूस करता है। (Vah hamesha khud ko paraya mahsus karta hai.)
Using पराया (paraya) correctly in sentences involves understanding its adjectival nature. It modifies nouns, indicating that the noun is not one's own. It can be placed before or after the noun it describes, though placing it before is more common. The gender and number of the noun do not affect the form of 'paraya' itself, as it is an invariable adjective. This makes it relatively easy to incorporate into your Hindi sentences. Pay attention to the context to ensure you are conveying the intended meaning of otherness or not belonging.
- Placement
- पराया (paraya) typically precedes the noun it modifies. For example, 'paraya desh' (पराया देश) means 'a foreign country'.
- Examples with Nouns
- You can use it with various nouns: 'paraya dhan' (पराया धन) - someone else's wealth, 'paraya kaam' (पराया काम) - someone else's work, 'paraya rishta' (पराया रिश्ता) - a distant or unrelated relationship.
हमें पराया धन नहीं लेना चाहिए। (Hamein paraya dhan nahin lena chahiye.)
Consider the sentence structure: subject + object + verb, where 'paraya' modifies the object. Or, subject + 'paraya' + noun + verb. The former is more common.
- Figurative Usage
- It can describe feelings or thoughts that are not genuine or not your own. For instance, 'पराये विचार' (paraye vichar) could mean thoughts that are imposed or not truly held by the individual.
यह पराया काम है, मैं इसमें दखल नहीं दूंगा। (Yah paraya kaam hai, main ismein dakhal nahin doonga.)
You will hear पराया (paraya) frequently in everyday conversations in India, especially in rural areas and among older generations, though it remains common in urban settings too. It's a word deeply ingrained in the fabric of social interactions and family discussions. When people talk about property, relationships, or social boundaries, 'paraya' often comes up. For instance, during discussions about marriage, the bride or groom is often referred to as 'paraya' by their parental family once they are married, signifying they now belong to another family.
- Family and Social Gatherings
- At weddings, it's common to hear phrases like 'बेटी पराई होती है' (beti parayi hoti hai) – 'a daughter becomes someone else's (after marriage)'. This highlights the cultural significance of 'paraya' in the context of family ties and societal transitions.
- Discussions about Property and Belongings
- When discussing ownership, especially in joint families or community settings, the distinction between 'apna' (own) and 'paraya' (someone else's) is crucial. You might hear someone say, 'यह मेरा नहीं, पराया माल है।' (Yah mera nahin, paraya maal hai.) - 'This is not mine, it's someone else's property.'
शादी के बाद बेटी परायी हो जाती है। (Shaadi ke baad beti parayi ho jaati hai.)
In more formal contexts, like legal discussions or administrative matters, 'paraya' might be used to refer to property or individuals not belonging to a specific jurisdiction or entity. However, its most common usage is in informal, everyday speech.
- Literature and Poetry
- Classical and modern Hindi literature frequently uses 'paraya' to explore themes of alienation, longing, and the complexities of human relationships. Poets often use it to describe unrequited love or the feeling of being an outsider in society.
यह पराया देश है, यहाँ कोई अपना नहीं। (Yah paraya desh hai, yahan koi apna nahin.)
Learners of Hindi might make a few common mistakes when using पराया (paraya). One of the most frequent errors is confusing it with words that indicate possession or direct relation, like 'अपना' (apna - one's own) or 'मेरा' (mera - my). Another mistake can be assuming 'paraya' changes form based on the gender or number of the noun it modifies. Since it's an invariable adjective, it doesn't change.
- Confusing with 'Apna' (अपना)
- The most common pitfall is using 'paraya' when 'apna' is intended, or vice versa. For instance, saying 'यह मेरा पराया घर है।' (Yah mera paraya ghar hai.) would be grammatically incorrect and nonsensical, as 'mera' already implies ownership. The correct usage would be 'यह मेरा अपना घर है।' (Yah mera apna ghar hai.) or simply 'यह मेरा घर है।' (Yah mera ghar hai.) if you want to say 'This is my house'. If you mean 'This is someone else's house', you'd say 'यह पराया घर है।' (Yah paraya ghar hai.)
- Incorrect Gender/Number Agreement
- Some learners might try to change 'paraya' to 'parayi' or 'paraye' based on the noun's gender or number, similar to other Hindi adjectives. However, 'paraya' remains constant. For example, you wouldn't say 'परायी औरत' (parayi aurat) or 'पराये लोग' (paraye log). It should be 'पराया आदमी' (paraya aadmi - a stranger/outsider man) and 'पराया आदमी' (paraya aadmi - referring to men in general as outsiders in a specific context, though 'पराये लोग' - paraye log - is more common for 'outsiders' in plural). The word 'पराये' (paraye) is used when referring to people in general as outsiders or strangers, especially in plural contexts when the noun is implied or general, e.g., 'पराये लोग' (paraye log - strangers/outsiders).
Incorrect: यह मेरी परायी किताब है। (Yah meri parayi kitaab hai.)
Another potential confusion arises from the nuances of 'paraya' when referring to people. While it can mean 'stranger', it can also imply someone who is distant, unrelated, or even an enemy in certain contexts. Misinterpreting this subtle difference can lead to inappropriate usage.
- Overuse or Underuse
- Some learners might avoid using 'paraya' altogether due to fear of making mistakes, thus missing opportunities to sound more natural. Conversely, some might overuse it in situations where a simpler adjective would suffice, making their speech sound unnatural.
Correct: यह पराया घर है। (Yah paraya ghar hai.)
While पराया (paraya) is a common word, Hindi offers several other words and phrases that convey similar meanings, each with its own nuances and contexts. Understanding these alternatives can help you express yourself more precisely. The most direct opposite and a crucial comparison is 'अपना' (apna), meaning 'one's own'.
- 1. अपना (Apna)
- Meaning: One's own, my own, your own, his/her own, etc. (possessive pronoun). Usage: This is the direct antonym of 'paraya'. It emphasizes belonging and possession. Example: यह मेरा अपना घर है। (Yah mera apna ghar hai.) - This is my own house.
- 2. अजनबी (Ajnabi)
- Meaning: Stranger, unknown person. Usage: This word specifically refers to a person who is unknown to you. While 'paraya' can refer to people, it also extends to objects and concepts. 'Ajnabi' is exclusively for people. Example: वह एक अजनबी था। (Vah ek ajnabi tha.) - He was a stranger.
- 3. विदेशी (Videshi)
- Meaning: Foreign, foreigner. Usage: This term specifically refers to someone or something from another country. 'Paraya' is broader and can mean 'belonging to another' within the same country or community. Example: वह एक विदेशी पर्यटक है। (Vah ek videshi paryatak hai.) - He is a foreign tourist.
- 4. गैर (Gair)
- Meaning: Other, non-, not belonging to.
Usage: 'Gair' is often used as a prefix to denote something that is not the norm or not part of a specific group. It's very similar to 'paraya' in meaning but can be more formal or used in compound words.
Example: गैर-सरकारी संगठन (Gair-sarkari sangathan) - Non-governmental organization.
गैर-ज़रूरी (Gair-zaruri) - Unnecessary.
Comparison: पराया धन vs. अपना धन (Paraya dhan vs. Apna dhan)
- 5. अनजाना (Anjana)
- Meaning: Unknown, unfamiliar. Usage: Similar to 'ajnabi' but can also apply to things or places that are unknown. It emphasizes a lack of knowledge or familiarity. Example: यह रास्ता अनजाना है। (Yah rasta anjana hai.) - This path is unknown.
How Formal Is It?
""
""
""
""
재미있는 사실
The Sanskrit root 'para' is also found in words like 'परदेश' (pardesh - foreign country), 'परजीवी' (parajivi - parasite, literally 'living on another'), and 'परिवर्तन' (parivartan - change, literally 'moving to another state'). This highlights the pervasive concept of 'otherness' in the linguistic and conceptual framework of ancient India.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing the initial 'p' with a strong aspiration, like in 'pin'.
- Incorrectly stressing the first syllable.
- Not rolling or tapping the 'r' sound for UK pronunciation.
- Pronouncing the final 'a' too strongly.
난이도
Understanding 'paraya' in reading requires context to differentiate between literal ownership and more abstract concepts of alienation or foreignness. Distinguishing it from synonyms like 'ajnabi' or 'videshi' is key.
Correctly using 'paraya' in writing involves understanding its invariable nature and its contrast with 'apna'. Avoiding gender/number agreement errors is important.
Pronunciation is straightforward, but using 'paraya' naturally in conversation requires understanding its social and emotional nuances, especially when referring to people.
Recognizing 'paraya' in spoken Hindi depends on clear enunciation and the context provided by the speaker.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Invariable Adjectives
'Paraya' is an adjective that does not change its form based on the gender or number of the noun it modifies. For example, 'पराया घर' (paraya ghar - masculine) and 'परायी औरत' (parayi aurat - feminine) - though 'parayi' is sometimes used for feminine nouns, 'paraya' itself is often preferred and invariable. The plural form 'पराये' (paraye) is commonly used when referring to 'strangers' or 'outsiders' in a general plural sense.
Contrast with Possessive Pronouns
'Paraya' is used to denote something that is NOT possessed by the speaker or subject, unlike possessive pronouns like 'मेरा' (mera - my) or 'तुम्हारा' (tumhara - your). For instance, 'यह मेरा घर है' (This is my house) vs. 'यह पराया घर है' (This is someone else's house).
Use with Abstract Nouns
'Paraya' can be used with abstract nouns to describe feelings or concepts of alienation or otherness. The derived noun 'परायापन' (parayapan) specifically means 'alienation' or 'otherness'.
Usage with 'लगना' (lagna - to feel/seem)
The adjective can be used predicatively with 'lagna' to express a feeling of unfamiliarity or otherness. 'मुझे यह जगह पराई लग रही है।' (Mujhe yah jagah parayi lag rahi hai.) - I am feeling this place is unfamiliar/alien.
The concept of 'Apna' vs. 'Paraya'
Understanding the strong dichotomy between 'apna' (one's own) and 'paraya' (other) is fundamental to grasping the usage of 'paraya'. This contrast is deeply embedded in the culture and language.
수준별 예문
यह मेरा नहीं है।
This is not mine.
Simple negation.
यह कौन है?
Who is this?
Question word 'कौन' (kaun).
वह दूर है।
That is far.
Adjective 'दूर' (door).
यह घर बड़ा है।
This house is big.
Adjective 'बड़ा' (bada).
मैं यहाँ हूँ।
I am here.
Pronoun 'मैं' (main) and adverb 'यहाँ' (yahan).
यह मेरी किताब है।
This is my book.
Possessive pronoun 'मेरी' (meri).
क्या यह तुम्हारा है?
Is this yours?
Question formation with 'क्या' (kya).
वह मेरा दोस्त है।
That is my friend.
Possessive pronoun 'मेरा' (mera).
यह मेरा सामान नहीं है, यह पराया है।
This is not my luggage, this is someone else's.
'पराया' used as a pronoun here, referring to something not belonging to the speaker.
हमें पराया धन नहीं छूना चाहिए।
We should not touch someone else's wealth.
'पराया' modifying 'धन' (dhan - wealth).
वह हमेशा खुद को पराया महसूस करता है।
He always feels like an outsider.
'पराया' used to describe a feeling of alienation.
यह पराया घर है, हमें जल्दी जाना चाहिए।
This is someone else's house, we should leave soon.
'पराया' modifying 'घर' (ghar - house).
क्या यह पराया विचार है?
Is this someone else's idea?
'पराया' modifying 'विचार' (vichar - idea).
उसने पराया काम किया।
He did someone else's work.
'पराया' modifying 'काम' (kaam - work).
यह पराया देश है।
This is a foreign country.
'पराया' modifying 'देश' (desh - country).
मुझे पराया महसूस हो रहा है।
I am feeling like an outsider.
'पराया' used to describe a feeling.
वह हमेशा पराये लोगों के बीच अकेला महसूस करता था।
He always felt alone among strangers.
'पराये' used in plural form with 'लोगों' (logon - people).
हमें पराये मामलों में दखल नहीं देना चाहिए।
We should not interfere in others' matters.
'पराये' modifying 'मामलों' (maamlon - matters).
यह पराया धन है, इसे वापस करना होगा।
This is someone else's money, it must be returned.
'पराया' modifying 'धन' (dhan - wealth).
शादी के बाद बेटी परायी हो जाती है।
After marriage, a daughter becomes someone else's (belongs to another family).
'परायी' used here, agreeing with the feminine noun 'बेटी' (beti - daughter) in a predicative sense. Note: While 'paraya' is generally invariable, in some idiomatic or poetic contexts with feminine nouns, 'parayi' can be used, though 'paraya' itself is often preferred and invariable.
उसकी बातें किसी पराये आदमी की तरह थीं।
His words were like those of a stranger.
'पराये' modifying 'आदमी' (aadmi - man), used in a comparative sense.
यह पराया अधिकार क्षेत्र है।
This is someone else's jurisdiction.
'पराया' modifying 'अधिकार क्षेत्र' (adhikar kshetra - jurisdiction).
क्या तुम पराये देश में अकेले हो?
Are you alone in a foreign country?
'पराये' modifying 'देश' (desh - country).
यह पराया अहसास मुझे परेशान कर रहा है।
This feeling of otherness is bothering me.
'पराया' modifying 'अहसास' (ahsaas - feeling).
समाज में परायेपन का भाव बढ़ रहा है।
The feeling of alienation is increasing in society.
'परायेपन' (parayepan) is the abstract noun form of 'paraya', meaning 'otherness' or 'alienation'.
उसने पराये घर में कभी अपनापन महसूस नहीं किया।
He never felt a sense of belonging in someone else's home.
'पराये' modifying 'घर' (ghar - home).
यह पराया माल है, हम इसे बेच नहीं सकते।
This is someone else's property, we cannot sell it.
'पराया' modifying 'माल' (maal - goods/property).
जीवन में पराये रिश्तों से ज्यादा अपने रिश्तों को महत्व देना चाहिए।
In life, one should give more importance to one's own relationships than to distant/unrelated ones.
'पराये' modifying 'रिश्तों' (rishton - relationships).
उसकी परायी सोच ने सबको हैरान कर दिया।
His unconventional/outsider thinking surprised everyone.
'परायी' used with 'सोच' (soch - thought/thinking). Similar to the B1 example, 'parayi' is used here, agreeing with the feminine noun 'सोच'. While 'paraya' is generally invariable, this usage exists, especially in literary contexts. However, 'पराया सोच' is also acceptable and more common in modern usage.
हमें पराये देश के नियमों का सम्मान करना चाहिए।
We must respect the laws of a foreign country.
'पराये' modifying 'देश' (desh - country).
यह पराया अनुभव था, जो मुझे बहुत कुछ सिखा गया।
It was an unfamiliar experience, which taught me a lot.
'पराया' modifying 'अनुभव' (anubhav - experience).
वह पराये दर्द को भी अपना दर्द समझता था।
He understood others' pain as his own pain.
'पराये' modifying 'दर्द' (dard - pain).
साहित्य में परायेपन की अवधारणा को कई रूपों में दर्शाया गया है।
The concept of alienation in literature has been depicted in many forms.
'परायेपन' (parayepan) - abstract noun for alienation/otherness.
उसने पराये विचारों को अपनाकर अपनी पहचान खो दी।
By adopting alien ideas, he lost his identity.
'पराये' modifying 'विचारों' (vicharon - ideas).
यह पराये भूभाग पर सैन्य हस्तक्षेप का मामला था।
It was a case of military intervention on foreign territory.
'पराये' modifying 'भूभाग' (bhubhag - territory).
सामाजिक बंधनों में परायेपन का अनुभव अक्सर अकेलेपन को जन्म देता है।
The experience of otherness in social bonds often gives rise to loneliness.
'परायेपन' (parayepan) - abstract noun for otherness.
उसकी परायी भाषा में कही गई बातें समझना मुश्किल था।
It was difficult to understand the words spoken in his foreign language.
'परायी' used with 'भाषा' (bhasha - language), agreeing with the feminine noun. This usage is common in formal and literary Hindi.
हमें पराये धर्मों और संस्कृतियों का सम्मान करना सीखना चाहिए।
We must learn to respect foreign religions and cultures.
'पराये' modifying 'धर्मों' (dharmon - religions) and 'संस्कृतियों' (sanskriyon - cultures).
यह पराया धन होते हुए भी, उसने उसे अपनी संतान की तरह पाला।
Although it was someone else's wealth, he raised it like his own child.
'पराया' modifying 'धन' (dhan - wealth), contrasting with the action of nurturing.
उसकी परायी आवाज ने श्रोताओं को मंत्रमुग्ध कर दिया।
His unfamiliar voice mesmerized the audience.
'परायी' used with 'आवाज' (aawaz - voice), agreeing with the feminine noun. This usage highlights the unfamiliarity.
राष्ट्रों के बीच परायेपन की भावना अक्सर अविश्वास और संघर्ष को जन्म देती है।
The feeling of otherness between nations often gives rise to mistrust and conflict.
'परायेपन' (parayepan) - abstract noun for otherness.
कलाकार ने पराये कैनवास पर अपनी आत्मा उंडेल दी।
The artist poured their soul onto an unfamiliar canvas.
'पराये' modifying 'कैनवास' (canvas - canvas).
उसकी परायी शब्दावली ने साहित्यिक आलोचकों को सोचने पर मजबूर कर दिया।
His unconventional vocabulary forced literary critics to ponder.
'परायी' used with 'शब्दावली' (shabdavali - vocabulary), agreeing with the feminine noun. This usage emphasizes the novelty and foreignness of the vocabulary.
यह पराया क्षेत्र था, जहाँ के नियम और कायदे बिल्कुल भिन्न थे।
This was an alien territory, where the rules and regulations were completely different.
'पराया' modifying 'क्षेत्र' (kshetra - territory).
उसने पराये आलिंगन में भी अपनेपन की तलाश की।
He sought a sense of belonging even in an alien embrace.
'पराये' modifying 'आलिंगन' (aalingan - embrace).
पराये देशों की यात्रा ने उसके दृष्टिकोण को व्यापक बनाया।
Traveling to foreign countries broadened his perspective.
'पराये' modifying 'देशों' (deshon - countries).
वह पराये सुख में भी दुःख महसूस कर सकता था।
He could feel sadness even in others' happiness.
'पराये' modifying 'सुख' (sukh - happiness).
साम्राज्यों के विस्तार में पराये भूभागों का अधिग्रहण एक प्रमुख रणनीति थी।
The acquisition of foreign territories was a key strategy in the expansion of empires.
'पराये' modifying 'भूभागों' (bhubhagon - territories).
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— Someone else's wealth or property.
हमें <mark>पराया धन</mark> नहीं लेना चाहिए। (Hamein <strong>paraya dhan</strong> nahin lena chahiye.)
— Someone else's house; a place that is not one's own.
यह <mark>पराया घर</mark> है, इसलिए हमें यहाँ चुप रहना चाहिए। (Yah <strong>paraya ghar</strong> hai, isliye hamein yahan chup rehna chahiye.)
— Strangers or people who are not part of one's group or community.
<mark>पराये</mark> लोगों से सावधान रहना चाहिए। (<strong>Paraye</strong> logon se savdhan rehna chahiye.)
— A foreign country.
जब आप <mark>पराये</mark> देश में होते हैं, तो आपको वहाँ के नियमों का पालन करना पड़ता है। (Jab aap <strong>paraye</strong> desh mein hote hain, to aapko vahan ke niyamon ka paalan karna padta hai.)
— A feeling of being an outsider or alienated.
उसने उस पार्टी में <mark>पराया</mark> अहसास किया। (Usne us party mein <strong>paraya</strong> ehsaas kiya.)
— Someone else's work; not one's own responsibility.
यह मेरा <mark>पराया काम</mark> है, मैं इसमें क्यों दखल दूँ? (Yah mera <strong>paraya kaam</strong> hai, main ismein kyon dakhal doon?)
— The state or feeling of being an outsider, alienation, otherness.
इस शहर में मुझे <mark>परायापन</mark> महसूस होता है। (Is shahar mein mujhe <strong>parayapan</strong> mahsus hota hai.)
— Distant or unrelated relationships.
<mark>पराये</mark> रिश्तों से ज्यादा अपने रिश्तों को संभालना ज़रूरी है। (<strong>Paraye</strong> rishton se zyada apne rishton ko sambhalna zaroori hai.)
— Ideas or thoughts that are not one's own, perhaps imposed or foreign.
हमें <mark>पराये</mark> विचारों को आँख बंद करके स्वीकार नहीं करना चाहिए। (Hamein <strong>paraye</strong> vicharon ko aankh band karke sweekar nahin karna chahiye.)
— Another woman (often implying someone else's wife or a woman not related to the speaker).
किसी <mark>परायी</mark> औरत के बारे में अफवाहें फैलाना गलत है। (Kisi <strong>parayi</strong> aurat ke baare mein afwahein phailana galat hai.)
자주 혼동되는 단어
'Apna' means 'one's own' and is the direct opposite of 'paraya'. Confusing them leads to opposite meanings. For example, 'यह मेरा अपना घर है' (This is my own house) vs. 'यह पराया घर है' (This is someone else's house).
'Ajnabi' specifically means 'stranger' (a person unknown). 'Paraya' is broader and can refer to people, things, or abstract concepts that are not one's own, not necessarily unknown.
'Videshi' means 'foreign' or 'foreigner' (from another country). 'Paraya' can mean foreign, but also simply 'belonging to another' within the same community or country.
관용어 및 표현
— To squander or misuse someone else's wealth.
उसने अपने पिता का पराया धन लुका दिया। (Usne apne pita ka paraya dhan luka diya.)
Informal— To live or work abroad, to experience life in a foreign country.
बहुत से लोग पराये मुल्क की हवा खाने जाते हैं। (Bahut se log paraye mulk ki hawa khane jaate hain.)
Informal— To try to harm someone else's interests or to undermine them.
दूसरों के पराये की जड़ खोदने से खुद का नुकसान होता है। (Doosron ke paraye ki jad khodne se khud ka nuksan hota hai.)
Informal— To suffer due to someone else's misfortunes or actions.
उसने अपने बेटे के बुरे कर्मों के पराये आँसू पिए। (Usne apne bete ke bure karmon ke paraye aansu piye.)
Literary— To thrive or succeed based on someone else's resources or support.
वह पराये के बल पर उड़ रहा है, अपनी कोई मेहनत नहीं। (Vah paraye ke bal par ud raha hai, apni koi mehnat nahin.)
Informal— To be envious of others' happiness or success.
कुछ लोग पराये सुख को अपना नहीं समझ पाते। (Kuch log paraye sukh ko apna nahin samajh paate.)
Informal— A daughter who is about to get married and will belong to another family.
शादी के बाद, बेटी पराये घर का चिराग बन जाती है। (Shaadi ke baad, beti paraye ghar ka chirag ban jaati hai.)
Cultural/Traditional— To die in a foreign land.
वह परायी मिट्टी में मिल गया। (Vah parayi mitti mein mil gaya.)
Literary— To operate or function using someone else's power or influence.
यह कंपनी पराये ज़ोर पर चल रही है। (Yah company paraye zor par chal rahi hai.)
Informal— To hear praise from someone unrelated or unknown.
मुझे पराये मुँह से तारीफ़ सुनने में अजीब लगता है। (Mujhe paraye munh se tareef sunne mein ajeeb lagta hai.)
Informal혼동하기 쉬운
Direct antonym, often used in similar sentence structures.
'Apna' signifies possession and belonging to oneself or one's group. 'Paraya' signifies the lack of such possession or belonging, referring to what belongs to others or is external. Using 'apna' when 'paraya' is intended (or vice versa) completely reverses the meaning of the sentence.
यह <strong>अपना</strong> घर है। (This is our own house.) vs. यह <strong>पराया</strong> घर है। (This is someone else's house.)
Both can refer to people who are not known.
'Ajnabi' specifically refers to a person who is unknown to you. 'Paraya' is more general; it means 'not one's own' and can apply to people, objects, places, or even abstract concepts. A person can be 'paraya' because they are from another family or group, even if you know them. An 'ajnabi' is someone you've never encountered before.
वह एक <strong>अजनबी</strong> था। (He was a stranger.) vs. वह <mark>पराया</mark> आदमी था। (He was an outsider/someone from another group/not belonging to our circle).
Both can imply something or someone from outside.
'Videshi' specifically denotes something or someone from a foreign country. 'Paraya' means 'belonging to another' and can refer to something outside one's own group, family, or possession, regardless of nationality. For instance, a neighbor's car is 'paraya' but not 'videshi'.
यह <mark>पराया</mark> देश है। (This is a foreign country.) vs. यह <mark>विदेशी</mark> कार है। (This is a foreign car.)
Both indicate 'otherness' or 'not being part of'.
'Gair' is often used as a prefix (e.g., 'गैर-सरकारी') and is more formal. It signifies 'non-' or 'other than'. 'Paraya' is a standalone adjective that emphasizes the lack of personal ownership or belonging, often carrying a more personal or social connotation. While 'gair' can mean 'other', 'paraya' specifically means 'not one's own'.
यह <mark>पराया</mark> मामला है। (This is someone else's matter.) vs. यह <mark>गैर</mark>-ज़रूरी मामला है। (This is an unnecessary matter.)
Similar poetic or literary sense of being an outsider.
'Begana' often carries a stronger sense of estrangement, alienation, or being utterly out of place, particularly in literary contexts. 'Paraya' is more general for 'not one's own' or 'belonging to another', and can be used in everyday speech. 'Begana' often implies a deeper emotional disconnect.
इस <mark>बेगाने</mark> शहर में मैं अकेला हूँ। (I am alone in this alien city.) vs. यह <mark>पराया</mark> शहर है। (This is someone else's city/a foreign city.)
문장 패턴
Noun + Paraya + Hai.
यह <mark>पराया</mark> है।
Paraya + Noun + Hai.
यह <mark>पराया</mark> घर है।
Subject + Paraya + Mahsus Karna.
वह <mark>पराया</mark> महसूस करता है।
Paraye + Plural Noun + Ko + Verb.
<mark>पराये</mark> लोगों से बात मत करो।
Subject + Parayi + Feminine Noun + Hai. (Contextual)
वह <mark>परायी</mark> औरत है।
Subject + Parayapan + Ka + Ehsaas + Hona.
मुझे <mark>परायापन</mark> का अहसास हो रहा है।
Paraye + Noun + Se + Adjective + Lagna.
यह <mark>पराये</mark> देश जैसा लगता है।
Paraye + Noun + Ka + Adjective + Adjective.
<mark>पराये</mark> विचारों का प्रभाव।
어휘 가족
명사
형용사
관련
사용법
High in everyday conversation, medium in formal writing.
-
Using 'परायी' for masculine nouns or trying to make it plural like other adjectives.
→
पराया
'पराया' is generally invariable. While 'पराये' is used for plural people (strangers), and 'परायी' sometimes with feminine nouns in literature, the base form 'पराया' is the most common and safest to use.
-
Confusing 'पराया' with 'अपना'.
→
अपना (for own) or पराया (for not own).
These are direct opposites. 'अपना' means 'one's own', while 'पराया' means 'belonging to another'. Using one for the other completely changes the meaning.
-
Using 'पराया' when 'अजनबी' (stranger) is more precise.
→
अजनबी (if referring to an unknown person).
'अजनबी' specifically means an unknown person. 'पराया' is broader and can mean not belonging to one's group, even if the person is known.
-
Assuming 'पराया' always has a negative connotation.
→
Context-dependent.
While 'पराया' can imply distance or lack of connection, it can also be used neutrally to simply denote ownership or origin (e.g., 'पराया देश'). The tone and context determine the connotation.
-
Using 'पराया' to describe something that is merely different, not necessarily not one's own.
→
Use words like 'अलग' (alag - different) or 'भिन्न' (bhinn - different).
'पराया' specifically refers to something not belonging to you or your group. If something is just different but still yours or neutral, 'पराया' is not the correct word.
팁
Embrace the Contrast
The most effective way to understand 'पराया' is to constantly contrast it with 'अपना' (apna - one's own). Practice making sentences that highlight this difference, such as 'यह मेरा अपना कलम है, पराया नहीं।' (This is my own pen, not someone else's).
Stress the Second Syllable
Remember that the stress in 'पराया' (pa-RA-ya) falls on the second syllable. Practicing saying it aloud with the correct stress will help with natural pronunciation.
Note the Invariable Nature
A key point for learners is that 'पराया' typically does not change its form for gender or number. This simplifies its use compared to many other Hindi adjectives. Focus on learning its core meaning and application.
Consider Social Nuances
When 'पराया' refers to people, consider the social context. It can range from neutral (a stranger) to slightly negative (someone not trusted or part of an 'in-group'). Listening to native speakers will help you gauge these nuances.
Connect to 'Otherness'
Think of 'पराया' as representing 'otherness'. Link it to concepts like 'alien', 'foreign', or 'not belonging'. This conceptual link can make it easier to recall its meaning in various situations.
Plural Usage for People
While 'पराया' is often invariable, be aware that 'पराये' (paraye) is commonly used when referring to groups of people who are outsiders or strangers (e.g., 'पराये लोग').
Journaling Practice
Write sentences describing things you own and things that belong to others. For example, 'My phone is 'apna', but my neighbor's phone is 'paraya'. This active recall solidifies the meaning.
Understand Cultural Significance
Recognize that in Indian culture, the distinction between 'apna' and 'paraya' is significant in defining relationships and social circles. This cultural context enriches your understanding of the word.
Differentiate from Similar Words
Actively learn the differences between 'पराया', 'अजनबी', and 'विदेशी'. Note when one is more appropriate than the others based on the specific context of 'otherness'.
Explore Abstract Meanings
Beyond literal ownership, explore how 'पराया' can describe abstract concepts like 'परायापन' (alienation) or 'पराये विचार' (foreign ideas). This shows a deeper mastery of the word.
암기하기
기억법
Imagine a 'PARROT' (sounds like 'paraya') that belongs to someone else and is trying to fly away from you. It's not your parrot!
시각적 연상
Picture a house with a big 'X' on it, indicating it's not yours. The 'X' could be stylized to look like the Hindi letters for 'paraya'.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to describe three things in your environment that are 'paraya' to you. For example, a neighbor's car, a public park, or a book you borrowed.
어원
The word 'पराया' (paraya) is of Sanskrit origin. It is derived from the Sanskrit word 'पर' (para), which means 'other', 'another', 'foreign', or 'distant'. This root is common in many Indo-Aryan languages, reflecting the ancient distinction between one's own group ('स्व' - sva) and the 'other'.
원래 의미: Other, belonging to another.
Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)문화적 맥락
While 'paraya' can be neutral, it can sometimes carry a slightly negative connotation, implying distance, distrust, or lack of connection, especially when referring to people. It's important to use it appropriately based on the context to avoid sounding dismissive or rude.
In English-speaking cultures, the closest concepts might be 'not belonging to me/us,' 'foreign,' 'alien,' or 'stranger.' However, 'paraya' often carries a more nuanced social or familial implication than just 'stranger.'
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Discussing ownership of property or belongings.
- यह <mark>पराया</mark> सामान है।
- यह मेरा नहीं, <mark>पराया</mark> है।
- <mark>पराये</mark> माल को हाथ नहीं लगाना चाहिए।
Talking about family relationships, especially after marriage.
- बेटी <mark>परायी</mark> हो जाती है।
- वह अब <mark>पराये</mark> घर की है।
- <mark>पराये</mark> रिश्ते में भी प्यार ज़रूरी है।
Describing unfamiliar people or places.
- <mark>पराये</mark> लोगों पर भरोसा न करें।
- यह <mark>पराया</mark> देश है।
- मुझे यहाँ <mark>पराया</mark> लग रहा है।
Expressing feelings of isolation or not belonging.
- मैं यहाँ खुद को <mark>पराया</mark> महसूस करता हूँ।
- इस भीड़ में मैं <mark>पराया</mark> हूँ।
- <mark>परायापन</mark> का अहसास।
Discussing abstract concepts like ideas or influences.
- ये <mark>पराये</mark> विचार हैं।
- <mark>पराये</mark> प्रभाव से बचें।
- अपनी पहचान को <mark>पराये</mark> विचारों से न बदलें।
대화 시작하기
"Have you ever felt like an outsider in a new place? How did you handle that feeling of being 'paraya'?"
"What are some common phrases in Hindi that use the word 'paraya' and what do they imply?"
"Can you think of situations where something is 'paraya' but you still have to interact with it?"
"How does the concept of 'paraya' differ from 'stranger' or 'foreigner' in English?"
"When is it appropriate to use 'paraya' when referring to people, and when might it be offensive?"
일기 주제
Describe a time you felt like an outsider or 'paraya'. What made you feel that way, and how did you overcome it?
Think about your possessions. Which ones are truly 'apna' (yours) and which ones might be considered 'paraya' (belonging to someone else or the public)?
Write a short story where the main character has to navigate a situation involving 'paraya' property or relationships. How do they behave?
Reflect on the cultural significance of 'paraya' in Indian society. How does it influence social interactions and family dynamics?
Imagine you are in a foreign country. How would you describe your feelings and experiences using the word 'paraya' and its related concepts?
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문The most common meaning of 'पराया' (paraya) is 'not one's own' or 'belonging to another'. It's used to distinguish something or someone from oneself or one's group.
No, 'पराया' can be used for people, objects, places, ideas, or even feelings. For example, 'पराया धन' (someone else's wealth), 'पराया घर' (someone else's house), 'पराये विचार' (foreign ideas).
The direct opposite of 'पराया' is 'अपना' (apna), which means 'one's own'.
Generally, 'पराया' is an invariable adjective and does not change its form. However, in plural contexts when referring to people generally as outsiders, 'पराये' (paraye) is often used (e.g., 'पराये लोग' - strangers). Sometimes, for feminine nouns, 'परायी' (parayi) might be used in literary contexts, but 'पराया' itself is often preferred and remains constant.
Yes, depending on the context. While it can be neutral, referring to simple ownership, it can also imply distrust, distance, or alienation, especially when referring to people or their affairs.
'अजनबी' (ajnabi) specifically means a 'stranger' (a person you don't know). 'पराया' is broader; it means 'not one's own' and can refer to anything or anyone outside your group or possession, even if you know them.
'विदेशी' (videshi) refers specifically to something or someone from a foreign country. 'पराया' can mean foreign, but also simply 'belonging to another' within the same country or community.
Yes, the noun form is 'परायापन' (parayapan), which means 'alienation', 'otherness', or 'the state of being an outsider'.
Yes, 'पराया' and its related forms like 'बेगाना' are frequently used in Hindi poetry and literature to evoke themes of longing, isolation, and the human condition of being an outsider.
Try creating sentences describing things that don't belong to you, or situations where you feel like an outsider. Compare these sentences with ones using 'apna' to reinforce the contrast.
셀프 테스트 10 질문
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The Hindi word 'पराया' (paraya) is an adjective signifying 'not one's own' or 'belonging to another'. It is crucial for distinguishing between personal possessions/relationships and those of others, and is frequently contrasted with 'अपना' (apna - one's own).
- Paraya means 'not one's own' or 'belonging to another'.
- It's an adjective used for people, things, or concepts.
- The opposite is 'apna' (own).
- Commonly used in sentences about ownership, relationships, and belonging.
Embrace the Contrast
The most effective way to understand 'पराया' is to constantly contrast it with 'अपना' (apna - one's own). Practice making sentences that highlight this difference, such as 'यह मेरा अपना कलम है, पराया नहीं।' (This is my own pen, not someone else's).
Stress the Second Syllable
Remember that the stress in 'पराया' (pa-RA-ya) falls on the second syllable. Practicing saying it aloud with the correct stress will help with natural pronunciation.
Note the Invariable Nature
A key point for learners is that 'पराया' typically does not change its form for gender or number. This simplifies its use compared to many other Hindi adjectives. Focus on learning its core meaning and application.
Consider Social Nuances
When 'पराया' refers to people, consider the social context. It can range from neutral (a stranger) to slightly negative (someone not trusted or part of an 'in-group'). Listening to native speakers will help you gauge these nuances.
예시
पराया धन किसी काम का नहीं होता।
관련 콘텐츠
family 관련 단어
आबाद
B1거주하는, 번영하는; 인구가 많고 번창하는.
आँचल
B1사리의 끝자락 (어머니의 보호를 상징).
आचरण
B1The way a person behaves; conduct.
आँगन
A2집 중앙에 있는 지붕이 없는 안뜰. 인도 전통 가옥에서 가족 생활의 중심이 되는 공간입니다.
आंगन
A2집 안의 안뜰.
आग्रह करना
B1누군가에게 무엇을 하도록 간곡히 요청하거나 권하다.
आज्ञा
B1공식적인 명령이나 허가.
आज्ञा का पालन करना
B1명령이나 지시를 따르다.
आज्ञा मानना
A2명령이나 규칙에 순종하다. (그는 아버지에게 순종했다. / 그녀는 법을 준수해야 한다.)
आज्ञा पालन करना
B1복종하다
