B1 Expression 격식체 1분 분량

～によって

4317

By means of / Due to

연습하기

Phrase in 30 Seconds

Use ～によって to express the cause, means, or agent of an action in formal or written contexts.

  • Means: Indicates the cause, method, or the person performing an action.
  • Used in: Business reports, news articles, and formal presentations.
  • Don't confuse: It is not used for simple physical movement (use ～を通って instead).
Cause/Method + ～によって = Result/Action

내 수준에 맞는 설명:

This is a word used to say 'because of' or 'by'. It is used in formal writing and business. You use it after a noun.
Use this phrase when you want to explain the reason for something or how you did something. It is more formal than 'で'. For example, you can use it to explain why a train was late.
Intermediate learners use this to connect nouns to causes or methods. It is essential for business emails and reports. It implies a logical connection between the noun and the following action or state.
This expression functions as a formal causal or instrumental marker. It is frequently employed in academic and professional registers to establish clear, objective links between agents, methods, and outcomes, avoiding the subjectivity of simpler particles.
As a sophisticated connective, it facilitates the construction of passive voice and complex causal chains. It is a hallmark of 'kango' (Sino-Japanese) style writing, allowing for the precise articulation of abstract relationships in formal discourse.
In high-register Japanese, it functions as a primary mechanism for nominalization and causal attribution. It allows for the nuanced expression of agency and instrumentality, often appearing in legal, technical, or high-level academic prose to maintain a strictly objective, detached tone.

뜻

Expressing cause, method, or agent.

🌍

문화적 배경

Using 'によって' in a report shows you are being objective.

🎯

Formal Writing

Always use this in your JLPT essays.

🎯

Formal Writing

Always use this in your JLPT essays.

셀프 테스트

Fill in the blank with the correct particle.

大雨＿＿＿＿＿電車が止まった。

✓ 정답! ✗ 아쉬워요. 정답: によって

It indicates the cause of the train stopping.

🎉 점수: /1

시각 학습 자료

연습 문제 은행

2 연습 문제
정답을 골라봐 Fill Blank

✓ 정답! ✗ 아쉬워요. 정답:
Fill in the blank with the correct particle. Fill Blank B1

大雨＿＿＿＿＿電車が止まった。

✓ 정답! ✗ 아쉬워요. 정답: によって

It indicates the cause of the train stopping.

🎉 점수: /2

자주 묻는 질문

1 질문

Yes, e.g., 'This was done by Tanaka-san'.

관련 표현

🔗

～によると

similar

According to

어디서 쓸까?

📧

Business Email

Client: メールによって詳細をお送りします。

formal

암기하기

기억법

Think of a 'Yo-Yo' (Yo-ru). The Yo-Yo goes up and down BY the string.

시각적 연상

Imagine a formal business report with a giant 'BY' stamped on it in red ink.

Story

Mr. Tanaka is writing a report. He needs to explain why sales are up. He writes: 'Sales increased by (によって) our new strategy.' He feels very professional.

In Other Languages

Similar to 'per' in Italian or 'durch' in German when indicating means.

Word Web

原因手段方法影響よるにより

챌린지

Write three sentences about your day using 'によって' for the method of transport or communication.

Review in 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days.

발음

강세 Flat pitch.

The 'tt' is a small tsu, creating a pause.

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
電話によって連絡いたします。

電話によって連絡いたします。 (Communication)

중립
電話で連絡します。

電話で連絡します。 (Communication)

비격식체
電話で連絡するね。

電話で連絡するね。 (Communication)

속어
電話で！

電話で！ (Communication)

Rooted in the verb 'yoru' (to lean). It represents the concept of a result leaning on a cause.

Meiji:

재미있는 사실

It is one of the first 'formal' grammar points students learn.

문화 노트

Using 'によって' in a report shows you are being objective.

“調査によって結果が判明した。”

대화 시작하기

“

What is one thing that has changed due to technology?

자주 하는 실수

✗

公園によって歩く

✓

公園を通って歩く

wrong context
You cannot use 'によって' for physical movement through a space.

L1 Interference

0

In Other Languages

Spanish Very Similar

por / mediante

Japanese is strictly formal, while 'por' is used in all registers.

French moderate

par / grâce à

Japanese 'によって' covers both neutral and positive.

German Very Similar

durch

German 'durch' is used for physical movement; Japanese is not.

Japanese Very Similar

～で

Register is the main difference.

Arabic Very Similar

بواسطة (bi-wasitat)

Arabic is more strictly reserved for formal contexts.

Chinese Very Similar

通过 (tōngguò)

Chinese '通过' can sometimes imply physical passage.

Korean Very Similar

~에 의해 (~e uihae)

None, they are functionally identical.

Portuguese Very Similar

por meio de

Portuguese is more verbose.

Spotted in the Real World

📰

(2023)

“大雨によって被害が出ました。”

Reporting on weather damage.

혼동하기 쉬운

～によって 대 ～で

Both mean 'by/with'.

Use 'で' for casual, 'によって' for formal.

자주 묻는 질문 (1)

Yes, e.g., 'This was done by Tanaka-san'.

usage contexts

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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