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B2 adjective #6,500 가장 일반적인 8분 분량

後天的

kōtenteki 상위 6,500

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 後天的 30초 만에

설명 後天的 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't really need to use the word '後天的' (koutenteki). It is quite difficult and formal. Instead, think about the idea: 'I learned this.' In Japanese, you use simple words like '習う' (narau - to learn) or '練習する' (renshuu suru - to practice). For example, if you want to say you learned Japanese, you say '日本語を習いました.' The word 'koutenteki' is like saying 'acquired a posteriori,' which is too complex for basic conversation. Just remember that some things we are born with (like eye color) and some things we learn later (like speaking a language). 'Koutenteki' is the big, fancy word for things we learn later. You might see the kanji '後' (after) which you know from '後で' (ato de - later). This can help you recognize that it means something that happens 'later' in life.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the A2 level, you are starting to talk about your skills and hobbies. While '後天的' (koutenteki) is still very formal, you might see it in simple articles about health or personality. It's a 'na-adjective,' which means you use it like '後天的な...' followed by a noun. For example, '後天的なスキル' (koutenteki na sukiru) means 'a skill you learned later.' At this level, it's better to use '後で覚えた' (ato de oboeta - remembered/learned later) or '大人になってから' (otona ni natte kara - after becoming an adult). However, if you see '後' (after) and '天' (heaven/nature), try to remember it means 'not natural/not from birth.' It's a useful word to recognize when reading about how people change or grow.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

By B1, you are moving into intermediate Japanese and can start using more formal vocabulary. '後天的' (koutenteki) is a great word to use when you want to sound more professional or academic. You can use it to distinguish between things people are born with and things they develop. For instance, in a discussion about 'Nature vs. Nurture,' you can say '先天的 (sententeki - innate)' for nature and '後天的 (koutenteki - acquired)' for nurture. This makes your Japanese sound much more balanced and mature. You'll often use it as '後天的に身につける' (koutenteki ni mi ni tsukeru), which means 'to acquire [a skill/trait] through experience.' It's common in self-improvement books and basic psychology articles that you might start reading at this level.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the B2 level, '後天的' (koutenteki) is a word you should be able to use and understand in various contexts. You should recognize it in medical news (like 'acquired immunity'), business discussions (like 'acquired leadership skills'), and social issues. You understand that it functions as a na-adjective (後天的な要因) and an adverb (後天的に獲得する). You can use it to argue a point, such as: 'Intelligence is not just innate; it is also influenced by acquired (後天的) factors like education.' This level requires you to understand the nuance that 'koutenteki' isn't just about 'learning' but about any environmental influence that shapes a person after they are born, including accidents, diseases, or cultural surroundings.

At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced command of '後天的' (koutenteki). You can use it in high-level academic writing, professional debates, and literary analysis. You are comfortable with its technical applications, such as '後天性免疫不全症候群' (AIDS) or discussing 'acquired traits' in evolutionary biology. You can also use it metaphorically or in abstract philosophical discussions about the human condition. At this level, you should also be aware of its synonyms and antonyms and be able to explain the subtle differences between 'koutenteki' and 'gakushuu-teki' (learning-based) or 'keiken-teki' (empirical/experience-based). You understand that 'koutenteki' is an objective, analytical term that removes the personal element and focuses on the timeline and source of a characteristic.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C2 level, '後天的' (koutenteki) is part of your natural high-level vocabulary. You can use it to discuss complex topics like the 'epigenetics' (後天的な遺伝子の変化) or the 'a posteriori' (後天的な) nature of knowledge in Kantian philosophy. You can switch between formal and casual registers perfectly, knowing exactly when 'koutenteki' is appropriate and when it might sound too clinical. You can use the word to write professional reports, medical summaries, or philosophical essays with total precision. You also understand the historical development of the term in Japanese and how it fits into the broader linguistic landscape of Sino-Japanese vocabulary (kango) used for scientific and philosophical concepts.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

後天的 30초 만에

Means 'acquired' or 'learned after birth'.
Opposite of 'sententeki' (innate/congenital).
Used in science, psychology, and formal business.
Describes skills, diseases, and environmental traits.

The Japanese word 後天的 (こうてんてき - koutenteki) is a sophisticated adjective that plays a crucial role in discussions regarding human development, biology, psychology, and skill acquisition. At its core, it translates to "acquired," "a posteriori," or "nurture-based." It is the conceptual opposite of 先天的 (sententeki), which means innate or congenital. When you describe something as 後天的, you are emphasizing that the trait, skill, or condition was not present at birth but was instead developed through environmental influences, education, habit, or life experience.

Etymological Breakdown: The word is composed of three kanji: 後 (after/later), 天 (heaven/nature/birth), and 的 (attribute/suffix for adjectives). Together, they literally describe an attribute that comes "after nature" or "after birth."
Philosophical Context: In philosophical and psychological debates, this term is central to the 'Nature vs. Nurture' (氏か育ちか) discussion. While Western thought uses 'nurture,' Japanese speakers use 後天的 to categorize everything from a learned language to a lifestyle-induced disease.

"Talent is not just something you are born with; many abilities are 後天的."

— Common sentiment in Japanese self-improvement literature.

In a modern context, this word is frequently heard in business seminars, medical consultations, and educational settings. For instance, if a doctor explains that a patient's condition is not genetic but caused by diet, they would use the term 後天的な要因 (koutenteki na youin) or an acquired factor. Similarly, in the workplace, managers might argue that leadership is a 後天的なスキル (acquired skill) to encourage employees to train harder.

その病気は遺伝ではなく、後天的な理由で発症したものです。
(That disease did not develop due to genetics, but for acquired reasons.)

Usage in Science: In biology, 'acquired immunity' is translated as 後天免疫 (kouten men'eki). This refers to the immunity the body develops after being exposed to a pathogen or receiving a vaccine, rather than the innate immunity one is born with.

Understanding 後天的 allows you to participate in higher-level discussions in Japanese. It moves beyond simple words like 'learned' (学んだ) and enters the realm of formal analysis and objective description. Whether you are reading a psychology paper or listening to a podcast about personal growth, this word will appear whenever the speaker wants to distinguish between what nature provided and what life has added.

語学の能力は、本人の努力次第で後天的に身につけることができる。
(Language ability can be acquired through one's own efforts later in life.)

Using 後天的 (koutenteki) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a na-adjective (though it often functions as a no-adjective or an adverb with 'ni'). It is rarely used in casual, slangy speech; instead, it shines in academic, professional, and literary contexts.

Grammatical Pattern 1: Adjectival Use: When modifying a noun directly, you use 後天的な (koutenteki na). This is common for describing factors, traits, or abilities.
Example: 後天的な影響 (Acquired influence / influence from the environment).
Grammatical Pattern 2: Adverbial Use: To describe how something was obtained or how a change occurred, use 後天的に (koutenteki ni).
Example: 後天的に獲得する (To acquire [a trait] after birth).

色彩感覚は、後天的な訓練によって磨くことが可能です。
(One's sense of color can be refined through acquired training.)

A key distinction to remember is that 後天的 is usually used for traits or conditions of a person or living organism. You wouldn't use it to describe a "newly acquired" car or a house you just bought. In those cases, you would use words like '入手した' (nyuushu shita) or '手に入れた' (te ni ireta). 後天的 is reserved for the internal attributes or biological states that result from external interaction.

彼はその恐怖症を後天的に身につけてしまった。
(He acquired that phobia later in life [it was not something he was born with].)

Common Collocations: - 後天的な要因 (Acquired factor)
- 後天的な障害 (Acquired disability/impairment)
- 後天的に学ぶ (To learn a posteriori)
- 後天的な特質 (Acquired characteristic)

When writing academic papers or formal reports in Japanese, using 後天的 adds a layer of precision. It signals to the reader that you are making a distinction between biological destiny and environmental influence. For example, in sociology, one might discuss whether gender roles are 先天的 (innate) or 後天的 (socially acquired/constructed).

性格の半分は遺伝で、残りの半分は後天的な環境で決まると言われている。
(It is said that half of one's personality is determined by genetics, and the other half by the acquired environment.)

While 後天的 (koutenteki) might seem like a term stuck in textbooks, it is surprisingly prevalent in various facets of Japanese life. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word in the wild.

In the News & Journalism: Journalists often use this word when discussing public health issues. For example, reports on the rise of lifestyle diseases (生活習慣病) will often specify that these are 後天的な病気 (acquired diseases) rather than hereditary ones. You'll also hear it in discussions about the 'digital divide,' where technical skills are described as 後天的 abilities that need to be taught to older generations.
In Sports & Coaching: Coaches and athletes use 後天的 to talk about skill development. A commentator might say, "His physical strength is innate (先天的), but his ball-handling skills are entirely 後天的." This highlights the hard work and practice the athlete put in.

「天才」と呼ばれる人たちの多くは、実は後天的な努力によってその地位を築いたのだ。
(Many of those called 'geniuses' actually built that status through acquired effort.)

In the medical field, the term is indispensable. 後天性免疫不全症候群 (Koutensei Men'eki Fuzen Shoukougun) is the Japanese term for AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Here, the word 'acquired' (後天性) is part of the official medical name, distinguishing it from 'primary' or genetic immune deficiencies.

この障害は、事故による後天的なものです。
(This disability is an acquired one resulting from an accident.)

In Self-Help and Psychology Podcasts: The concept of a 'Growth Mindset' is often linked to 後天的 growth in Japanese podcasts. Speakers will emphasize that intelligence is not a fixed, innate trait but something that can be developed 後天的に through persistence and learning. This makes the word very common in motivational content.

Finally, you might encounter it in discussions about artificial intelligence. Experts debate whether AI's 'knowledge' is pre-programmed (innate to the code) or 後天的 (learned from data during training). This technical usage shows the word's versatility across both biological and technological domains.

AIの学習能力は、後天的なデータ処理に基づいています。
(AI's learning capability is based on a posteriori data processing.)

While 後天的 (koutenteki) is a powerful word, its specialized nature means it is prone to certain types of misuse by learners. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Japanese sound more natural and precise.

Mistake 1: Confusing with 'Purchased' or 'Obtained': In English, we might say we "acquired" a new company or a piece of software. In Japanese, you cannot use 後天的 for this. It refers to traits, abilities, or conditions of a person. For buying or getting objects, use 取得 (shutoku) or 購入 (kounyuu).
Mistake 2: Using it in Too Casual a Setting: If you tell a friend, "I acquired the skill of making toast later in life," using 後天的 will sound overly dramatic or clinical. In everyday conversation, simply say 「大人になってから覚えた」 (I learned it after I became an adult) or 「練習してできるようになった」 (I practiced and became able to do it).

❌ 私は後天的に新しい車を買った。
✅ 私は新しい車を購入した。
(The first sentence is incorrect because you can't 'acquire' a car in the 'koutenteki' sense.)

Another nuance is the difference between 後天的 and 学習した (gakushuu shita). While all learned things are 後天的, not all 後天的 things are learned. For example, a scar or a disease is acquired (後天的) but not 'learned' (学習). Use 後天的 when you want to highlight the *origin* of the trait relative to birth.

❌ 彼は後天的な知識を持っている。
✅ 彼は豊かな知識を持っている。
(While knowledge is acquired, calling it 'koutenteki' here is redundant and sounds like a biology textbook.)

Confusion with 'Acquired' in Business: In M&A (Mergers and Acquisitions), the word is 買収 (baishuu) or 取得 (shutoku). If you use 後天的 in a business pitch to describe buying a company, people will be very confused.

Finally, be careful not to confuse it with 条件的 (joukenteki) which means 'conditional.' While environmental factors are 'conditions,' the words are not interchangeable. 後天的 is strictly about the timeline (after birth) and source (environment/experience).

To truly master 後天的 (koutenteki), it is helpful to compare it with other words that share similar semantic space. This will help you choose the right word for the right situation.

後天的 (Koutenteki) vs. 習得した (Shuutoku shita): 後天的 focuses on the *nature/origin* of the trait (it wasn't there at birth). 習得した focuses on the *process* of learning a skill. Use 後天的 for scientific/philosophical categorization and 習得 for talking about your progress in learning Japanese.
後天的 (Koutenteki) vs. 経験による (Keiken ni yoru): 経験による means "based on experience." It is more common in daily conversation. You might say your wisdom is 経験によるもの (based on experience), whereas a scientist would call it a 後天的 trait.

比較表:
・先天的: Born with it (Nature)
・後天的: Acquired later (Nurture)
・習得: The act of learning a skill
・獲得: The act of obtaining something

Another related word is 育成 (ikusei), which means 'nurture' or 'cultivation.' While 後天的 is an adjective describing the result, 育成 is a noun/verb describing the process of helping something grow. For example, "後天的な能力を育成する" (To nurture acquired abilities).

その技術は訓練によって後天的に得られたものだ。
(That technique was something obtained later through training.)

Scientific Alternatives: In biology, you might see 獲得形質 (kakutoku keishitsu), which refers to an 'acquired character/trait.' This is the technical biological term for something that is 後天的.

In summary, choose 後天的 when you want to be formal, precise, or analytical about where a trait came from. For everything else, simpler phrases like 'learned' or 'gained from experience' will usually suffice.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The kanji '天' (heaven) in this context refers to 'natural endowment' or 'what one is born with.' This is a common usage in words like 'Tensai' (Genius - literally 'Heavenly Talent').

발음 가이드

UK /koʊ.ten.te.ki/

US /koʊ.ten.te.ki/

Japanese has pitch accent, not stress. The pitch for 'koutenteki' is usually Low-High-High-High-High-High.

라임이 맞는 단어

Koten-teki (classical) Hanten-teki (reversal-like) Kanten-teki (viewpoint-like) Shuuten-teki (endpoint-like) Genten-teki (origin-like) Zenten-teki (complete-like) Manten-teki (full-score-like) Senten-teki (innate)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'u' as a separate syllable instead of a long 'o'.
Confusing the pitch accent with English-style stress on the first syllable.
Mispelling 'kouten' as 'koten' (which means classic).
Using the English 'acquired' for objects instead of traits.
Forgetting the 'na' when using it as an adjective.

난이도

독해 4/5

Requires knowledge of N2-level kanji and academic contexts.

쓰기 4/5

Difficult to use correctly without sounding too clinical.

말하기 3/5

Useful for debates, but rare in casual chat.

듣기 3/5

Common in documentaries and news.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

後 (After) 天 (Heaven/Nature) 的 (Attribute) 先天 (Innate) 能力 (Ability)

다음에 배울 것

遺伝 (Genetics) 環境 (Environment) 獲得 (Acquisition) 習得 (Mastery) 形質 (Trait)

고급

エピジェネティクス (Epigenetics) 経験論 (Empiricism) 生得的 (Inborn/Innate)

알아야 할 문법

Na-Adjective Modification

後天的な能力 (Acquired ability)

Adverbial form with 'ni'

後天的に獲得する (Acquire later)

Contrastive Particles (wa/mo)

才能は先天的だが、スキルは後天的だ。

Causative Passive with Acquisition

環境によって後天的に身につけさせられた。

Noun compounding with 'sei'

後天性 (Acquired nature)

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

これは後で覚えたことです。

This is something I learned later.

A1 level alternative to 'koutenteki'.

練習してできるようになりました。

I practiced and became able to do it.

Simple way to express 'acquired' ability.

生まれつきではありません。

It is not from birth.

Simple way to say it's not innate.

後で身につけました。

I acquired it later.

Using 'mi ni tsukeru' for skills.

努力で得た力です。

It's power gained through effort.

Emphasizing effort over nature.

子供の時に習いました。

I learned it when I was a child.

Temporal context for learning.

これは自然なことではありません。

This is not a natural thing (from birth).

Contrast with natural/innate.

勉強して知りました。

I knew it by studying.

Acquiring knowledge.

このスキルは後天的なものです。

This skill is an acquired one.

Using 'koutenteki na' as a na-adjective.

性格は後天的に変わることもあります。

Personality can also change later in life.

Using 'koutenteki ni' as an adverb.

後天的な努力が大切です。

Acquired effort (effort made later) is important.

Common collocation in self-help.

それは遺伝ではなく、後天的な理由です。

That is not genetic; it's an acquired reason.

Contrast between genetic and acquired.

後天的にその習慣がつきました。

I acquired that habit later in life.

Habit acquisition.

彼は後天的な才能の持ち主だ。

He is a possessor of acquired talent.

Talent through practice.

後天的な影響で、彼はそうなった。

He became that way due to acquired influences.

Environmental influence.

後天的に学んだ知識を活かす。

Use the knowledge learned later.

Applying acquired knowledge.

才能の多くは、後天的に磨かれるものだ。

Much of talent is something refined later in life.

Refining skills over time.

後天的な要因が、病気の発症に関係している。

Acquired factors are related to the onset of the disease.

Medical context for factors.

リーダーシップは後天的に獲得できるスキルだ。

Leadership is a skill that can be acquired later.

Professional skill development.

環境という後天的な要素を無視できない。

We cannot ignore the acquired element of environment.

Environment as an acquired factor.

後天的に身につけた技術で勝負する。

Compete with techniques acquired later.

Using 'mi ni tsuketa' with 'koutenteki ni'.

彼の成功は、後天的な努力の賜物だ。

His success is the result of acquired effort.

Result of long-term effort.

後天的な障害を克服するのは大変だ。

It is difficult to overcome an acquired disability.

Overcoming obstacles.

後天的に形成された価値観を大切にする。

Value the sense of values formed later in life.

Formation of values.

その特質が先天的か後天的かは、議論の的だ。

Whether that trait is innate or acquired is a subject of debate.

Classic nature vs nurture debate.

後天性免疫不全症候群の予防について学ぶ。

Learn about the prevention of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

Official medical term for AIDS.

後天的な学習によって、脳の構造は変化する。

Brain structure changes through acquired learning.

Neuroplasticity context.

彼は事故により後天的な色覚異常となった。

He developed acquired color blindness due to an accident.

Medical condition from external cause.

後天的に獲得された形質は遺伝しないと考えられている。

It is thought that acquired traits are not inherited.

Biological principle (Lamarckism vs Darwinism).

後天的な環境要因が、子供の成長に大きく寄与する。

Acquired environmental factors contribute greatly to a child's growth.

Developmental psychology.

その恐怖心は後天的に植え付けられたものだ。

That fear was something implanted later in life.

Psychological conditioning.

後天的なスキルの習得には、長い時間がかかる。

Acquiring acquired skills takes a long time.

Time investment in learning.

言語の習得は、先天的能力と後天的環境の相互作用である。

Language acquisition is an interaction between innate ability and the acquired environment.

Linguistic theory.

後天的に構築されたアイデンティティを模索する。

Search for an identity that has been constructed a posteriori.

Identity construction.

エピジェネティクスは、後天的な遺伝子発現の制御を研究する分野だ。

Epigenetics is a field that studies the acquired control of gene expression.

Advanced biological science.

後天的な知見を統合し、新たな理論を打ち立てる。

Integrate acquired knowledge and establish a new theory.

Academic research process.

社会的な偏見は、多くの場合、後天的に形成される。

Social prejudices are, in many cases, formed later in life.

Sociological observation.

後天的な感性は、芸術に触れることで豊かになる。

Acquired sensitivity is enriched by coming into contact with art.

Aesthetic development.

その行動様式は、後天的に学習されたものである可能性が高い。

There is a high possibility that the behavior pattern was learned later in life.

Behavioral psychology.

後天的なスキルの差が、キャリアの明暗を分ける。

The difference in acquired skills determines the success or failure of a career.

Career development analysis.

カントの哲学において、後天的な認識は経験に基づくとされる。

In Kant's philosophy, a posteriori (acquired) cognition is said to be based on experience.

Philosophical terminology (a posteriori).

後天的な形質転換のメカニズムを分子レベルで解明する。

Elucidate the mechanism of acquired transformation at the molecular level.

Molecular biology research.

文化という後天的なシステムが、人類の進化を加速させた。

The acquired system of culture accelerated human evolution.

Anthropological theory.

後天的に獲得した免疫記憶が、再感染を防ぐ鍵となる。

The acquired immune memory is the key to preventing reinfection.

Immunology detail.

後天的なバイアスを完全に排除することは、極めて困難である。

It is extremely difficult to completely eliminate acquired biases.

Cognitive science discussion.

後天的な属性が個人の本質をどこまで規定するかは謎である。

It is a mystery to what extent acquired attributes define the essence of an individual.

Existential inquiry.

後天的な情報の蓄積が、直感という形をとって現れる。

The accumulation of acquired information manifests in the form of intuition.

Cognitive psychology.

後天的なスキルの習熟が、無意識の領域にまで達する。

The mastery of acquired skills reaches the realm of the unconscious.

Skill mastery theory.

동의어

習得的経験的二次的

반의어

先天的本能的

자주 쓰는 조합

後天的な要因

後天的に身につける

後天的な影響

後天的な障害

後天的な特質

後天的に獲得する

後天的な能力

後天的な理由

後天的な環境

後天的な変化

자주 쓰는 구문

後天性

— The state of being acquired. Often used as a noun prefix.

後天性の病気。

後天免疫

— Acquired immunity developed after exposure.

ワクチンで後天免疫を得る。

後天的努力

— Effort made after birth to change oneself.

成功は後天的努力の結果だ。

後天的なスキル

— Skills learned through training.

プログラミングは後天的なスキルだ。

後天的に学ぶ

— To learn something a posteriori.

マナーを後天的に学ぶ。

後天的な美しさ

— Beauty achieved through care or effort.

彼女には後天的な美しさがある。

後天的な知恵

— Wisdom gained from life experience.

老人の後天的な知恵。

後天的な性格

— Personality traits formed by environment.

後天的な性格を直す。

後天的な欠陥

— A defect that appeared after birth.

機械の後天的な欠陥。

後天的なつながり

— Connections made later in life (not family).

友人との後天的なつながり。

자주 혼동되는 단어

後天的 vs 条件的

Means 'conditional'. Koutenteki is about the timeline/origin, not the conditions of an agreement.

後天的 vs 経験的

Means 'empirical' or 'based on experience'. While related, koutenteki specifically contrasts with 'innate'.

後天的 vs 習得

A noun meaning 'mastery'. Koutenteki is the adjective describing the nature of that mastery.

관용어 및 표현

"氏より育ち"

— Nurture is more important than nature/birth. Related to the concept of koutenteki.

「氏より育ち」と言うように、後天的な環境が大切だ。

Proverb

"鉄は熱いうちに打て"

— Strike while the iron is hot. Often used to encourage acquired learning in youth.

後天的な教育は、鉄は熱いうちに打てだ。

Proverb

"習うより慣れろ"

— Practice makes perfect. Emphasizes the acquired nature of skills.

後天的な技術は、習うより慣れろだ。

Proverb

"継続は力なり"

— Persistence is power. The foundation of acquired success.

後天的な才能は、継続は力なりで決まる。

Common Phrase

"門前の小僧習わぬ経を読む"

— An apprentice near a temple will recite sutras without being taught. Shows environmental acquisition.

彼は後天的にその知識を得た。まさに門前の小僧だ。

Proverb

"雀百まで踊り忘れず"

— Habits acquired early last a lifetime.

後天的な習慣は、雀百まで踊り忘れずだ。

Proverb

"石の上にも三年"

— Three years on a stone (patience leads to success). Focuses on acquired mastery.

後天的な熟練には、石の上にも三年が必要だ。

Proverb

"好きこそ物の上手なれ"

— What one likes, one does well. A driver for acquired skills.

後天的な上達の秘訣は、好きこそ物の上手なれだ。

Proverb

"弘法筆を選ばず"

— A master doesn't blame his tools. Focuses on the acquired skill of the person.

彼の後天的な技量は、弘法筆を選ばずの域だ。

Proverb

"芸は身を助ける"

— An acquired art/skill helps one through life.

後天的に得た芸は身を助ける。

Proverb

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後天的 vs 古典的 (kotenteki)

Sounds very similar.

Kotenteki means 'classical' (old books, music). Koutenteki means 'acquired'.

古典的な音楽 (Classical music) vs 後天的なスキル (Acquired skill).

後天的 vs 肯定的 (kouteiteki)

Similar sounds.

Kouteiteki means 'affirmative' or 'positive'.

肯定的な返事 (Affirmative reply).

後天的 vs 公的な (kouteki na)

Similar start.

Kouteki na means 'public' or 'official'.

公的な書類 (Official document).

後天的 vs 恒常的 (koujouteki)

Similar start.

Koujouteki means 'constant' or 'persistent'.

恒常的な問題 (Constant problem).

後天的 vs 効果的 (koukateki)

Similar start.

Koukateki means 'effective'.

効果的な方法 (Effective method).

문장 패턴

AはBという後天的な要因によるものだ。

その成功は運ではなく、後天的な要因によるものだ。

〜を後天的に身につける。

彼はプログラミングを後天的に身につけた。

先天的か後天的かを問わず、〜。

先天的か後天的かを問わず、才能は磨く必要がある。

後天的な影響が〜に及ぶ。

後天的な影響が性格形成に及ぶ。

後天的に獲得された〜。

後天的に獲得された免疫。

〜は後天的な構築物である。

ジェンダーは後天的な構築物である。

後天的な努力で〜する。

後天的な努力で苦手を克服する。

後天的な視点から〜を考察する。

後天的な視点から教育制度を考察する。

어휘 가족

명사

後天性 (Acquired nature)

後天現象 (Acquired phenomenon)

後天免疫 (Acquired immunity)

동사

後天的に獲得する (To acquire a posteriori)

後天的に身につける (To learn/acquire later)

형용사

後天的な (Acquired/A posteriori)

사용법

frequency

Common in academic, medical, and self-improvement contexts.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'koutenteki' for buying a car. → 車を購入した (Purchased a car).
Koutenteki is for traits and conditions, not physical objects.
Saying 'kotenteki' when you mean 'koutenteki'. → 後天的なスキル (Acquired skill).
Kotenteki means 'classical'. Pronunciation matters!
Using it in a very casual chat with friends. → 後で覚えた (Learned later).
It's too formal for a casual conversation about hobbies.
Forgetting the 'na' (e.g., 後天的要因). → 後天的な要因 (Acquired factor).
It is a na-adjective and requires 'na' to modify a noun.
Confusing it with 'positive' (kouteiteki). → 後天的な考え (Acquired thought).
Kouteiteki (affirmative) is often confused due to similar sounds.

팁

Pair with Sententeki

When discussing traits, using both 'sententeki' and 'koutenteki' shows you have a high-level vocabulary and can analyze both sides of an issue.

Long Vowel 'ou'

Make sure to extend the 'ko' sound. If you say it short, it sounds like 'koten' (classic), which is a completely different word.

Medical Accuracy

Use 'koutensei' for medical conditions to sound like a professional. It's the standard term in healthcare.

Kanji Meaning

Remember the kanji: 後 (After) + 天 (Nature). This makes the meaning easy to recall during a test.

Adverbial Use

Use 'koutenteki ni' before verbs like 'mi ni tsukeru' (acquire) or 'manabu' (learn) for smooth sentences.

Business Etiquette

In business, use 'koutenteki' to talk about skills and growth mindsets. It sounds more impressive than 'learning'.

Kanji Recognition

The 'teki' (的) at the end usually signals that the word is an adjective. Look for this pattern in academic texts.

Effort Culture

Japanese people love the idea of 'koutenteki' growth. Use it when praising someone's hard-earned skills.

Opposites Attract

Memorize 'sen' (before) and 'kou' (after) together. Sententeki = Before birth. Koutenteki = After birth.

News Keywords

This is a frequent keyword in health and social science news. Listen for it to understand the core topic.

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기억법

Think of 'KOU' (Go) as 'Later' and 'TEN' (Heaven) as 'Birth'. So, 'Go after Birth' = Acquired.

시각적 연상

Imagine a baby (innate) vs. a man with a diploma and a scar (acquired). The diploma and scar are 'koutenteki'.

Word Web

Environment Learning Habit Accident Effort Nurture After birth A posteriori

챌린지

Try to list three things about yourself that are 'sententeki' (innate) and three things that are 'koutenteki' (acquired).

어원

The word is a 'Kango' (Sino-Japanese word). It uses the kanji 後 (after), 天 (nature/heaven), and 的 (attribute). It emerged in the Meiji era as a translation for Western philosophical and scientific terms like 'a posteriori' and 'acquired.'

원래 의미: Literally 'that which follows nature.'

Sino-Japanese (derived from Classical Chinese characters).

문화적 맥락

Be careful when discussing disabilities; distinguish between 'sententeki' (congenital) and 'koutenteki' (acquired) respectfully.

English speakers use 'nurture' or 'acquired' in similar ways, but 'koutenteki' sounds more scientific than 'learned'.

The debate on 'Nature vs. Nurture' in Japanese psychology books. Medical discussions about 'Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome' (AIDS). Self-help bestsellers like 'The Power of Effort' which focus on koutenteki growth.

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실제 사용 상황

Medical Diagnosis

後天的な病気
後天性免疫
後天的な障害
後天的に発症する

Psychology/Education

後天的な学習
後天的な環境
後天的な才能
後天的に身につける

Business/Skills

後天的なスキル
後天的なリーダーシップ
後天的なキャリア
後天的な知識

Philosophy/Nature vs Nurture

後天的な特質
後天的な認識
後天的な要因
後天的な影響

Sports

後天的な技術
後天的な筋力
後天的な判断力
後天的な努力

대화 시작하기

"才能は先天的だと思いますか、それとも後天的だと思いますか？"

"あなたが後天的に身につけた一番のスキルは何ですか？"

"性格は後天的な環境でどれくらい変わると思いますか？"

"リーダーシップは後天的に学べるものだと思いますか？"

"後天的に獲得した習慣で、人生が変わったことはありますか？"

일기 주제

自分の性格の中で、後天的に形成されたと思う部分について書いてください。

「努力は先天的才能を超える」という意見について、後天的な視点から考察してください。

あなたが後天的に習得したいと思っている新しいスキルとその理由を書いてください。

子供の教育において、後天的な環境を整えることはどれほど重要だと思いますか？

最近学んだ「後天的な知識」が、自分の考え方をどう変えたか記述してください。

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Mostly, yes. It refers to traits or conditions of living organisms. You wouldn't use it for a car or computer unless you are talking about AI 'learning' in a metaphorical sense.

Yes, in a formal context. 'Language ability is koutenteki' is a correct statement in linguistics or psychology.

It is less common in casual chat and more common in news, books, and professional settings. Use 'ato de' or 'naratta' for daily life.

The opposite is 'sententeki' (先天的), which means innate or congenital.

'Koutenteki' is the adjective (acquired). 'Koutensei' is the noun form (acquired nature), often used in medical terms like 'Koutensei Men'eki Fuzen Shoukougun' (AIDS).

It is written as 後天的.

Yes, it can describe acquired diseases, bad habits, or phobias.

It is primarily a 'na' adjective (後天的な), but you will occasionally see it used with 'no'.

It is broader than 'learned.' It includes anything caused by environment or accident, not just intentional study.

Yes, 'koutenteki na shikou' (acquired preference) is a valid, though formal, way to say it.

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