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A2 noun 7분 분량

言語

예시 言語 30초 만에
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예시

言語 30초 만에

  • The Japanese word 言語 (gengo) means 'language'.
  • It refers to a system of communication with words and grammar.
  • Used when discussing languages in general, learning, or comparing them.
  • Distinguish from 言葉 (kotoba - words).
Core Meaning
The word 言語 (gengo) refers to the system of communication used by a particular country or community, consisting of words and the system of grammar used to combine them. It encompasses spoken, written, and signed forms of communication.
Broader Sense
Beyond just human languages, 言語 can also refer to any system of signs or symbols used for communication, such as the 'language' of flowers or the 'language' of computers. However, in everyday conversation, it most commonly refers to human languages.
Usage Contexts
You'll encounter 言語 when discussing: the study of languages (言語学 - gengo gaku), learning new languages (新しい言語を学ぶ - atarashii gengo o manabu), the differences between languages (言語の違い - gengo no chigai), or the importance of language in society (社会における言語の重要性 - shakai ni okeru gengo no jūyōsei).
Examples
When someone asks "What language do you speak?" in Japanese, they might say 「どの言語を話しますか？」 (Dono gengo o hanashimasu ka?). When discussing international relations, one might refer to the need for common languages (共通言語 - kyōtsū gengo).

This book is about the history of human 言語.

Learning a new 言語 can be challenging but rewarding.

The internet has made it easier to access information in various 言語.

Abstract Concept
It's important to understand that 言語 is an abstract concept. It's not a tangible object but a system. When you learn a new language, you are learning a new 言語.
Comparison to Words
While words (言葉 - kotoba) are the building blocks, 言語 refers to the entire system. You use 言語 to form meaningful communication using words.
Basic Sentence Structure
言語 often appears as the subject or object of a sentence. It can be modified by adjectives or used in conjunction with verbs like 話す (hanasu - to speak), 学ぶ (manabu - to learn), or 使う (tsukau - to use).
Subject Example
「この言語は美しいです。」 (Kono gengo wa utsukushii desu.) - This language is beautiful. Here, 言語 is the subject.
Object Example
「私は新しい言語を学びたいです。」 (Watashi wa atarashii gengo o manabitai desu.) - I want to learn a new language. Here, 言語 is the object.
Possessive Use
You can also talk about specific languages using phrases like 「日本語」 (Nihongo - Japanese language) or 「英語」 (Eigo - English language). These are specific instances of 言語.
With Particles
Particles like の (no) can be used to show possession or describe the type of language: 「日本の言語」 (Nihon no gengo) - Japan's language (referring to Japanese).
Describing Languages
Adjectives can describe the characteristics of a language: 「複雑な言語」 (fukuzatsu na gengo) - a complex language, or 「簡単な言語」 (kantan na gengo) - a simple language.

I am studying the 言語 of France.

The diversity of human 言語 is fascinating.

She is fluent in three different 言語.

Compound Nouns
言語 can be combined with other nouns to create compound terms. For example, 外国語 (gaikokugo) means 'foreign language', and 母語 (bogo) means 'mother tongue' or 'native language'.
Verb Phrases
You might hear phrases like 「言語を習得する」 (gengo o shūtoku suru) - to acquire a language, or 「言語能力」 (gengo nōryoku) - language ability.
Education Settings
In schools and universities, 言語 is a fundamental topic. You'll hear it in discussions about language classes, linguistics (言語学 - gengo gaku), and the importance of bilingualism or multilingualism.
Travel and International Communication
When traveling abroad or interacting with people from different countries, conversations often revolve around languages. "What 言語 do you speak?" or "Do you understand this 言語?" are common questions.
Media and News
News reports discussing international relations, cultural exchanges, or the challenges of translation often use the term 言語.
Technology and Computing
In the context of computers and artificial intelligence, 言語 can refer to programming languages or natural language processing (自然言語処理 - shizen gengo shori).
Personal Conversations
When discussing hobbies, studies, or personal experiences, people might mention their efforts to learn a new 言語, or reflect on the richness of their native 言語.

The documentary explored the endangered 言語 of indigenous tribes.

She works in translation, specializing in several different 言語.

The conference focused on the future of artificial 言語 processing.

Linguistic Discussions
You'll hear 言語 used frequently in academic or specialized contexts when discussing the structure, history, or acquisition of languages. This includes fields like linguistics, philology, and comparative literature.
Confusing 言語 with 言葉
A common mistake is to use 言語 when you simply mean 'words' (言葉 - kotoba). 言語 is the broader system, while 言葉 are the individual units within that system. For example, saying 「きれいな言葉」 (kirei na kotoba) - beautiful words, is more appropriate than 「きれいな言語」 unless you are referring to the entire beautiful language system.
Overuse of the Generic Term
While 言語 is correct when referring to 'language' in general, it can sound a bit stiff or overly academic if used repeatedly when a specific language name (like 日本語, 英語) is more natural and common. For instance, instead of saying 「私は新しい言語を勉強しています。」 (Watashi wa atarashii gengo o benkyō shite imasu.) - I am studying a new language, it's often more natural to say 「私はフランス語を勉強しています。」 (Watashi wa Furansugo o benkyō shite imasu.) - I am studying French.
Incorrect Particle Usage
Mistakes can occur with particles. For example, using the wrong particle after 言語 when forming phrases. While 「日本の言語」 (Nihon no gengo) is grammatically correct for 'Japan's language', it's less common than simply saying 日本語 (Japanese language). The particle の (no) is crucial for possessive or descriptive relationships.
Pronunciation Issues
While not specific to 言語 itself, learners might struggle with the pronunciation of the syllables, particularly the 'go' sound which can be tricky. Ensuring correct intonation and rhythm is important for natural speech.

Incorrect: 「この言語はとても面白いです。」 (referring to specific words)

Correct: 「この言葉はとても面白いです。」 (referring to specific words)

Incorrect: 「私は英語の言語を勉強しています。」

Correct: 「私は英語を勉強しています。」 or 「私は英語言語学を勉強しています。」 (if studying linguistics of English)

言葉 (kotoba)
Difference: 言葉 refers to 'words', 'speech', or 'language' in the sense of spoken utterances or written text. It's more concrete than 言語. 言語 is the entire system, while 言葉 are the individual components.
Example: 「美しい言葉」 (utsukushii kotoba) - beautiful words.
Example: 「彼の言葉は心に響いた。」 (Kare no kotoba wa kokoro ni hiita.) - His words resonated with my heart. (Here, 言語 would not fit.)
話し言葉 (hanashikotoba)
Difference: This specifically means 'spoken language' or 'oral communication'. It's a subset of 言語 and is more specific than 言葉.
Example: 「話し言葉と書き言葉は違う。」 (Hanashikotoba to kakikotoba wa chigau.) - Spoken language and written language are different.
書き言葉 (kakikotoba)
Difference: This specifically means 'written language' or 'written communication'. Similar to 話し言葉, it's a specific aspect of 言語.
Example: 「この書き言葉は少し古風だ。」 (Kono kakikotoba wa sukoshi kofū da.) - This written language is a bit archaic.
専門用語 (senmon yōgo)
Difference: This refers to 'technical terms' or 'jargon' within a specific field. While these are words, they are part of the 'language' of that field.
Example: 「この専門用語は理解しにくい。」 (Kono senmon yōgo wa rikai shi nikui.) - These technical terms are difficult to understand.
方言 (hōgen)
Difference: This refers to 'dialect'. Dialects are variations within a larger language.
Example: 「関西の方言は面白い。」 (Kansai no hōgen wa omoshiroi.) - The Kansai dialect is interesting. (This is a type of 言語.)

The professor explained the complex 言語 structure.

He used many difficult 言葉 in his speech.

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수준별 예문

1

これは日本語です。

This is Japanese language.

This is a simple identification sentence. 日本語 is a specific type of 言語.

2

私の言語は英語です。

My language is English.

私の (watashi no) means 'my'. 英語 (Eigo) is English.

3

言語は大切です。

Language is important.

大切 (taisetsu) means important. This is a general statement about language.

4

新しい言語を学びます。

I will learn a new language.

学びます (manabimasu) means 'will learn'. 新しい (atarashii) means 'new'.

5

どの言語ですか？

Which language is it?

どの (dono) means 'which'. ですか (desu ka) makes it a question.

6

これは一つの言語です。

This is one language.

一つ (hitotsu) means 'one'.

7

母の言語はスペイン語です。

Mother's language is Spanish.

母 (haha) means mother. スペイン語 (Supeingo) is Spanish.

8

言語を話します。

I speak a language.

話します (hanashimasu) means 'to speak'.

1

私は日本語と英語という二つの言語を話せます。

I can speak two languages, Japanese and English.

二つ (futatsu) means 'two'. 話せます (hanasemasu) is the potential form of 話す (hanasu), meaning 'can speak'.

2

この国では多くの言語が使われています。

Many languages are used in this country.

多く (ōku) means 'many'. 使われています (tsukawarete imasu) is the passive form of 使う (tsukau), meaning 'are used'.

3

外国語を学ぶのは楽しいです。

Learning a foreign language is fun.

外国語 (gaikokugo) means 'foreign language'. 楽しい (tanoshii) means 'fun'.

4

彼の言語能力は高いです。

His language ability is high.

言語能力 (gengo nōryoku) means 'language ability'. 高い (takai) means 'high'.

5

母語を大切にしましょう。

Let's cherish our mother tongue.

母語 (bogo) means 'mother tongue'. 大切にしましょう (taisetsu ni shimashō) means 'let's cherish'.

6

この言語はどのように発展しましたか？

How did this language develop?

どのように (dono yō ni) means 'how'. 発展しました (hatten shimashita) means 'developed'.

7

彼は第二言語として日本語を勉強しています。

He is studying Japanese as a second language.

第二言語 (dai ni gengo) means 'second language'. 勉強しています (benkyō shite imasu) means 'is studying'.

8

言語の壁を乗り越えることが重要です。

It is important to overcome the language barrier.

言語の壁 (gengo no kabe) means 'language barrier'. 乗り越える (norikoeru) means 'to overcome'. 重要です (jūyō desu) means 'is important'.

1

異文化理解には、その言語を学ぶことが不可欠だと考えられています。

It is considered essential to learn the language for intercultural understanding.

異文化理解 (ibunka rikai) means 'intercultural understanding'. 不可欠 (fukaketsu) means 'essential'.

2

現代社会において、複数の言語を操る能力は大きなアドバンテージとなる。

In modern society, the ability to command multiple languages becomes a great advantage.

現代社会 (gendai shakai) means 'modern society'. 操る (ayatsuru) means 'to manipulate/command'. アドバンテージ (adobantēji) means 'advantage'.

3

言語の習得は、単語や文法だけでなく、その文化や習慣の理解も伴う。

Acquiring a language involves not only vocabulary and grammar, but also understanding its culture and customs.

習得 (shūtoku) means 'acquisition'. 文法 (bunpō) means 'grammar'. 習慣 (shūkan) means 'customs'.

4

失われつつある言語を保護するための国際的な取り組みが進められている。

International efforts are underway to protect endangered languages.

失われつつある (ushinawaretsutsu aru) means 'endangered/being lost'. 保護する (hogo suru) means 'to protect'. 国際的な取り組み (kokusaiteki na torikumi) means 'international efforts'.

5

言語教育は、コミュニケーション能力を高めることを最優先すべきだ。

Language education should prioritize enhancing communication skills above all else.

言語教育 (gengo kyōiku) means 'language education'. コミュニケーション能力 (komyunikēshon nōryoku) means 'communication ability'. 最優先 (saiyūsen) means 'highest priority'.

6

人工知能の進化により、言語の壁が低くなることが期待されている。

With the advancement of artificial intelligence, it is expected that language barriers will be lowered.

人工知能 (jinkō chinō) means 'artificial intelligence'. 進化 (shinka) means 'evolution/advancement'. 期待されている (kitai sarete iru) means 'is expected'.

7

子供の言語発達において、親との対話は極めて重要である。

Dialogue with parents is extremely important in a child's language development.

子供 (kodomo) means 'child'. 発達 (hattatsu) means 'development'. 対話 (taiwa) means 'dialogue'. 極めて (kiwamete) means 'extremely'.

8

この文学作品は、その言語の美しさを最大限に活かしている。

This literary work makes the utmost use of the beauty of its language.

文学作品 (bungaku sakuhin) means 'literary work'. 美しさ (utsukushisa) means 'beauty'. 最大限に活かす (saidaigen ni ikasu) means 'to make the utmost use of'.

1

言語の普遍性と多様性に関する研究は、人類の認知能力を理解する上で不可欠な要素である。

Research on the universality and diversity of languages is an indispensable element in understanding human cognitive abilities.

普遍性 (fuhensei) means 'universality'. 多様性 (tayōsei) means 'diversity'. 認知能力 (ninchi nōryoku) means 'cognitive abilities'.

2

グローバル化が進む現代では、多言語主義が社会の発展に貢献する可能性が指摘されている。

In the current era of advancing globalization, multilingualism is pointed out as having the potential to contribute to societal development.

グローバル化 (gurōbaru-ka) means 'globalization'. 多言語主義 (tagengo shugi) means 'multilingualism'. 貢献する (kōken suru) means 'to contribute'.

3

言語獲得のプロセスは、生物学的な基盤と社会的な相互作用の複雑な相互作用によって成り立っている。

The process of language acquisition is formed by the complex interplay of biological foundations and social interactions.

獲得 (kakuoku) means 'acquisition'. 生物学的な基盤 (seibutsugakuteki na kiban) means 'biological foundation'. 相互作用 (sōgo sayō) means 'interaction'.

4

絶滅の危機に瀕している言語を記録し、その知識を次世代に継承することは、言語学者の重要な責務である。

Recording endangered languages and passing on their knowledge to the next generation is a crucial responsibility for linguists.

絶滅の危機に瀕している (zetsumetsu no kiki ni hinshite iru) means 'facing the risk of extinction'. 継承する (keishō suru) means 'to inherit/pass on'. 責務 (sekimu) means 'responsibility'.

5

言語は単なるコミュニケーションツールではなく、文化や思考様式を形成する基盤でもある。

Language is not merely a communication tool, but also the foundation that shapes culture and ways of thinking.

単なる (tannaru) means 'mere/simply'. 思考様式 (shikō yōshiki) means 'way of thinking/thinking style'. 基盤 (kiban) means 'foundation'.

6

自然言語処理技術の進歩は、人間と機械間のコミュニケーションのあり方を根本的に変えつつある。

The advancement of natural language processing technology is fundamentally changing the way humans and machines communicate.

自然言語処理 (shizen gengo shori) means 'natural language processing'. 根本的に (konponteki ni) means 'fundamentally'.

7

バイリンガル教育が子供の認知能力や社会性に与える影響については、依然として活発な議論が続いている。

Active debate continues regarding the impact of bilingual education on children's cognitive abilities and social skills.

バイリンガル教育 (bairingaru kyōiku) means 'bilingual education'. 社会性 (shakaisei) means 'sociality/social skills'.

8

言語は、個人のアイデンティティ形成において、また集団の結束を強める上で、極めて重要な役割を果たしている。

Language plays an extremely important role in the formation of individual identity and in strengthening group cohesion.

アイデンティティ (aidentiti) means 'identity'. 集団 (shūdan) means 'group'. 結束 (kessoku) means 'cohesion'.

1

言語の構造的特徴と、それが人間の思考プロセスに及ぼす影響との相関関係は、言語学における長年の探求テーマである。

The correlation between the structural characteristics of language and its influence on human thought processes is a long-standing theme of inquiry in linguistics.

構造的特徴 (kōzōteki tokuchō) means 'structural characteristics'. 相関関係 (sōkan kankei) means 'correlation'. 探求テーマ (tankyū tēma) means 'theme of inquiry'.

2

ダイグロシアという現象は、一つの社会内で、フォーマルな場面とインフォーマルな場面で異なる言語変種が使い分けられる状況を指す。

The phenomenon of diglossia refers to a situation within a single society where different language varieties are used separately in formal and informal settings.

ダイグロシア (daiguroshia) means 'diglossia'. 言語変種 (gengo henshu) means 'language variety'. 使い分けられる (tsukaiwakerareru) means 'to be used selectively'.

3

言語の相対性仮説、すなわちサピア＝ウォーフの仮説は、言語が使用者 Their 認識に影響を与えるという考え方である。

The linguistic relativity hypothesis, namely the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, is the idea that language influences its speakers' perception.

相対性仮説 (sōtaisei kasetsu) means 'relativity hypothesis'. 認識 (ninshiki) means 'perception/cognition'.

4

現代の言語学では、言語が持つ社会言語学的な側面、すなわち使用者 Their 社会的背景やアイデンティティとの関連性に焦点が当てられている。

In modern linguistics, focus is placed on the sociolinguistic aspects of language, specifically its connection to the users' social background and identity.

社会言語学 (shakai gengogaku) means 'sociolinguistics'. 関連性 (kanrensei) means 'connection/relevance'.

5

言語の進化における普遍的なメカニズムと、各言語に固有の歴史的・文化的な要因との相互作用を解明することが、言語学の重要な課題である。

Unraveling the interaction between universal mechanisms in language evolution and the historical/cultural factors unique to each language is a significant challenge for linguistics.

普遍的なメカニズム (fuhenteki na mekanizumu) means 'universal mechanism'. 固有の (koyū no) means 'unique/inherent'. 解明する (kaimei suru) means 'to unravel/clarify'.

6

言語は、単なる記号の体系にとどまらず、人間の経験 Their 意味 Their 構築 Their 根源的な手段である。

Language transcends being a mere system of signs; it is a fundamental means of constructing human experience and meaning.

記号 (kigō) means 'sign/symbol'. 構築 (kōchiku) means 'construction'. 根源的な (kongenteki na) means 'fundamental/root'.

7

言語哲学における「意味」 Their 探求は、指示理論、描写理論、使用理論など、多様なアプローチを通じて展開されてきた。

The inquiry into 'meaning' in the philosophy of language has unfolded through diverse approaches such as the referential theory, the descriptive theory, and the use theory.

言語哲学 (gengo tetsugaku) means 'philosophy of language'. 指示理論 (shiji riron) means 'referential theory'.

8

多言語環境下での言語接触は、言語 Their 混合 Their 創造 Their 促進し、新たな言語 Their 出現 Their もたらすことがある。

Language contact in multilingual environments promotes the mixing and creation of languages, sometimes leading to the emergence of new languages.

言語接触 (gengo sesshoku) means 'language contact'. 混合 (kongō) means 'mixing'. 出現 (shutsuen) means 'emergence'.

1

言語 Their 恣意性 Their 根拠 Their 探ることは、記号 Their 象徴 Their 本質 Their 考察 Their 必然 Their 導く。

Exploring the basis of language's arbitrariness inevitably leads to an examination of the essence of signs and symbols.

恣意性 (shiisei) means 'arbitrariness'. 根拠 (konkyo) means 'basis/grounds'. 象徴 (shōchō) means 'symbol'.

2

言語 Their 構造 Their 普遍性 Their 考察 Their ことは、人間の認知 Their 普遍性 Their 示唆 Their 可能性 Their 秘めている。

Examining the universality of language structure holds the potential to suggest the universality of human cognition.

普遍性 (fuhensei) means 'universality'. 示唆する (shisa suru) means 'to suggest/imply'.

3

言語 Their 絶滅 Their 阻止 Their ため Their 包括的 Their 介入 Their 必要 Their 認識 Their ことは、文化 Their 多様性 Their 保護 Their 喫緊 Their 課題 Their ある。

Recognizing the necessity of comprehensive intervention to prevent language extinction is an urgent task for the protection of cultural diversity.

絶滅 (zetsumetsu) means 'extinction'. 阻止する (soshi suru) means 'to prevent'. 包括的 (hōkatsuteki) means 'comprehensive'. 喫緊 (kikkin) means 'urgent'.

4

言語 Their 意味 Their 構築 Their プロセス Their 分析 Their ことは、人間 Their 認識 Their 構造 Their 解明 Their 鍵 Their 握る。

Analyzing the process of constructing meaning in language holds the key to elucidating the structure of human cognition.

意味 (imi) means 'meaning'. 構築 (kōchiku) means 'construction'. 解明 (kaimei) means 'elucidation/clarification'.

5

言語 Their 変化 Their 駆動 Their 要因 Their 理解 Their ことは、社会 Their 変遷 Their 投影 Their 考察 Their 不可欠 Their ある。

Understanding the factors driving language change is indispensable for examining the projections of societal transitions.

駆動する (kudō suru) means 'to drive'. 要因 (yōin) means 'factor'. 変遷 (henshen) means 'transition/change'.

6

言語 Their 創造性 Their 探求 Their ことは、人間 Their 精神 Their 深奥 Their 垣間見る Their 機会 Their 提供 Their。

Exploring the creativity of language offers an opportunity to glimpse the profundity of the human spirit.

創造性 (sōzōsei) means 'creativity'. 深奥 (shinou) means 'profundity/depth'. 垣間見る (kairami miru) means 'to glimpse'.

7

言語 Their 権力 Their 関係 Their 結びつき Their 考察 Their ことは、社会 Their 構造 Their 批判 Their 視点 Their 提供 Their。

Examining the connection between language and power relations provides a critical perspective on social structures.

権力 (kenryoku) means 'power'. 関係 (kankei) means 'relation'. 批判的 (hihanteki) means 'critical'.

8

言語 Their 普遍性 Their 個別性 Their 共存 Their 考察 Their ことは、言語 Their 本質 Their 多層性 Their 浮き彫り Their。

Examining the coexistence of language's universality and particularity highlights its multifaceted nature.

個別性 (kobetsusei) means 'particularity/individuality'. 共存 (kyōzon) means 'coexistence'. 多層性 (tasōsei) means 'multifaceted nature'.

자주 쓰는 조합

新しい言語 (atarashii gengo)
母語 (bogo)
外国語 (gaikokugo)
言語能力 (gengo nōryoku)
言語学 (gengo gaku)
言語の壁 (gengo no kabe)
共通言語 (kyōtsū gengo)
複雑な言語 (fukuzatsu na gengo)
人工言語 (jinkō gengo)
言語交流 (gengo kōryū)

자주 쓰는 구문

どの言語ですか？ (Dono gengo desu ka?)

— What language is it? This is used to ask about the language being spoken or written.

「この看板はどの言語ですか？」 (Kono kanban wa dono gengo desu ka?) - "What language is this sign in?"

新しい言語を学ぶ (Atarashii gengo o manabu)

— To learn a new language. This phrase is very common when discussing language acquisition.

私は来年、新しい言語を学ぶつもりです。(Watashi wa rainen, atarashii gengo o manabu tsumori desu.) - I plan to learn a new language next year.

母語 (bogo)

— Mother tongue or native language. It refers to the first language a person learns.

多くの人が母語に誇りを持っています。(Ōku no hito ga bogo ni hokori o motte imasu.) - Many people take pride in their mother tongue.

外国語 (gaikokugo)

— Foreign language. This is used to refer to any language that is not one's native language.

彼はいくつかの外国語を話すことができます。(Kare wa ikutsuka no gaikokugo o hanasu koto ga dekimasu.) - He can speak several foreign languages.

言語の壁 (gengo no kabe)

— Language barrier. This refers to the difficulties in communication that arise due to differences in language.

旅行中に言語の壁にぶつかることがあります。(Ryokōchū ni gengo no kabe ni butsukaru kot

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