B1 Prepositions 10 min read 보통

구동사: Make up (지어내다/화해하다)

이야기를 invent하거나 친구와 reconcile할 때 'make up'을 잘 쓰면 훨씬 자연스럽게 들릴 거예요. 핵심은 separablewith!

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

'Make up' is a versatile verb used to describe inventing stories, becoming friends again, or forming a whole.

  • Use it to mean 'invent' (e.g., 'He made up an excuse').
  • Use it to mean 'reconcile' after a fight (e.g., 'They finally made up').
  • When using a pronoun (it/them), put it in the middle: 'Make it up'.
👤 + make + (it) + up + 📖/🤝

Overview

### Overview
영어 학습을 하다 보면 make up이라는 표현을 정말 자주 접하게 됩니다. 한국어에는 없는 '구동사(Phrasal Verbs)' 개념 때문에 처음에는 많이 당황스러울 수 있습니다. 한국어는 '만들다'라는 동사가 하나 있으면 그 뒤에 어미를 붙여 의미를 확장하지만, 영어는 make라는 동사 뒤에 up 같은 전치사나 부사를 붙여 완전히 새로운 의미를 만들어냅니다.
특히 make up은 단순히 '만들다'라는 뜻을 넘어 '지어내다(거짓말)', '화해하다', '결정하다' 등 문맥에 따라 전혀 다른 뜻으로 쓰입니다. 한국어의 '만들다'와는 1:1로 대응되지 않기 때문에, 문맥을 파악하는 능력이 필수적입니다. 이 구동사를 익히면 영어 회화의 수준이 한 단계 올라갑니다.
카페에서 친구와 대화하거나, 회사에서 업무 상황을 설명할 때, 혹은 드라마를 볼 때 이 표현을 이해하지 못하면 대화의 흐름을 놓치기 쉽습니다. 한국어의 '지어내다'나 '화해하다'를 굳이 어려운 단어로 바꾸지 않아도 make up 하나로 자연스럽게 표현할 수 있게 됩니다.
### How This Grammar Works
make up의 핵심은 동사 makeup이 결합하여 '완성'이나 '형성'의 이미지를 더한다는 점입니다. 한국어의 '만들다'는 물리적인 창조를 주로 의미하지만, 영어의 up은 무언가를 '완성된 상태로 끌어올린다'는 은유적인 의미를 가집니다.
첫째, '지어내다(invent/fabricate)'라는 의미일 때, up은 머릿속에 있는 아이디어를 끄집어내어 하나의 완성된 이야기로 만든다는 느낌입니다. 한국어의 '거짓말을 꾸며내다'와 비슷합니다. 이때 up은 '무(無)에서 유(有)를 창조하여 완성함'을 의미합니다.
둘째, '화해하다(reconcile)'라는 의미일 때, up은 깨진 관계를 다시 이전의 좋은 상태로 '끌어올린다'는 의미를 가집니다. 한국어에서는 '화해하다'라는 독립된 동사를 쓰지만, 영어에서는 관계가 틀어진 상태를 up을 통해 다시 정상 궤도로 복구한다는 직관적인 표현을 씁니다. 이는 한국어의 '사이를 풀다'와 유사한 논리입니다.
셋째, make up one's mind는 '결정하다'라는 뜻인데, 여기서 up은 '결정을 내리는 과정을 끝마치다'라는 완료의 의미를 담고 있습니다. 한국어의 '마음을 정하다'와 대응됩니다. 이처럼 make up은 단순히 단어의 조합이 아니라, 하나의 고정된 의미 단위(idiomatic unit)로 보아야 합니다.
### Formation Pattern
make up은 목적어의 종류에 따라 문장 내 위치가 달라지는 '분리 가능성(Separability)'이 매우 중요합니다. 한국어는 조사(을/를)가 목적어를 명확히 해주지만, 영어는 어순이 의미를 결정하기 때문입니다.
| 문법 규칙 | 구조 | 예시 (Correct) | 한국어 의미 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 명사 목적어 | make + 명사 + up / make up + 명사 | Make up an excuse. | 핑계를 대다 |
| 대명사 목적어 | make + 대명사 + up (필수) | Make it up. (Make up it X) | 그것을 지어내다 |
| 화해하다 | make up + with + 대상 | I made up with him. | 그와 화해했다 |
### When To Use It
  1. 1지어내다 (Invent): 친구가 늦었을 때 '교통 체증 때문에 늦었다'고 할 때, 사실이 아니라면 I made up an excuse.라고 합니다. 또한 소설가가 허구의 세계를 만들 때 The author made up a new world.라고 표현합니다.
  2. 2화해하다 (Reconcile): 싸운 후 관계를 회복할 때 씁니다. We finally made up after the argument.처럼 사용합니다. 이때 with를 써서 made up with my friend라고 하면 누구와 화해했는지 명확해집니다.
  3. 3결정하다 (Decide): make up one's mind 패턴으로 쓰입니다. I haven't made up my mind yet. (아직 결정 못 했어.)는 일상에서 정말 많이 쓰이는 표현입니다.
### Common Mistakes
  1. 1대명사 위치 오류: 한국어는 '그것을 만들다'라고 할 때 목적어 위치가 자유롭지만, 영어는 make up it이라고 하면 틀립니다. 반드시 make it up처럼 대명사를 중간에 넣어야 합니다. 이는 한국어의 어순 자유도 때문에 발생하는 전형적인 간섭 현상입니다.
  2. 2물리적 제조와 혼동: 한국어 '만들다'를 기계 제조나 요리에도 쓰지만, 영어에서 make up은 '허구'나 '관계' 같은 추상적인 것에만 씁니다. '의자를 만들다'를 make up a chair라고 하면 원어민은 '의자를 조립해 지어냈다(거짓말이다)'라고 오해합니다.
  3. 3전치사 누락: make up이 화해하다일 때 with를 빼먹는 경우가 많습니다. 한국어는 '친구와 화해했다'에서 '와'만 붙이면 되지만, 영어는 made up my friend라고 하면 '내 친구를 (거짓말로) 지어냈다'는 뜻이 되어버립니다. 반드시 with가 필요합니다.
### Contrast With Similar Patterns
| 표현 | 의미 | 차이점 |
|---|---|---|
| Make up | 지어내다/화해하다 | 추상적인 개념/관계에 사용 |
| Build up | 쌓아 올리다 | 물리적/점진적인 성장에 사용 |
| Make out | 이해하다/애정행각 | '이해하다' 또는 '키스하다'라는 뜻 |
### Quick FAQ
  1. 1Q: make up은 항상 분리할 수 있나요? A: 명사가 목적어일 때는 가능하지만, 대명사가 목적어일 때는 반드시 분리해야 합니다.
  2. 2Q: make up을 '화해하다'로 쓸 때 with 없이 쓸 수 있나요? A: 네, 문맥상 누구와 화해했는지 이미 알 때는 We finally made up.처럼 쓸 수 있습니다.
  3. 3Q: make upinvent는 어떻게 다른가요? A: invent는 더 격식 있고 실제 발명품을 만들 때 쓰며, make up은 거짓말이나 이야기 같은 가벼운 창작에 주로 씁니다.

Conjugating 'Make Up'

Tense Subject Verb Form Example
Present Simple
I / You / We / They
make up
They make up stories.
Present Simple
He / She / It
makes up
She makes up excuses.
Past Simple
All subjects
made up
We made up yesterday.
Present Continuous
I
am making up
I am making up the bed.
Present Perfect
He / She
has made up
He has made it up.
Future
All subjects
will make up
They will make up soon.

Common Contractions with 'Make Up'

Full Form Contraction Context
I have made up
I've made up
Informal speech
They will make up
They'll make up
Casual conversation
It is made up
It's made up
Describing a lie

Meanings

A multi-use phrasal verb primarily used for creating fictional information or restoring a relationship after a disagreement.

1

Invent/Fabricate

To create a story, lie, or explanation that is not true.

“Stop making up excuses for being late!”

“The author made up a whole new world for her book.”

2

Reconcile

To become friends again after a quarrel or fight.

“We had a huge argument, but we made up the next day.”

“Kiss and make up!”

3

Constitute/Form

To be the parts that form a whole.

“Women make up 50% of the workforce.”

“Ten chapters make up this textbook.”

4

Compensate

To do something extra because you missed something earlier (often used with 'for').

“I'll work late to make up the time I lost.”

“He bought her flowers to make up for his mistake.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 구동사: Make up (지어내다/화해하다)
의미 목적어 종류 구조 예시 참고
이야기/거짓말 꾸며내기
명사
make up a story / make a story up
꾸며낸 이야기나 속임수에 자주 사용돼요.
변명 지어내기
명사
make up an excuse / make an excuse up
곤경이나 책임 회피를 위해 사용해요.
대명사 목적어 지어내기
대명사
make it up
대명사는 반드시 'make'와 'up' 사이에 와야 해요.
(~와) 화해하기
사람
make up with her/him/them
싸운 후에 다시 친구가 되는 것.
화해하기 (일반적)
암시적
They finally made up.
종종 '서로' 화해했다는 의미를 포함해요.
구성하다/형성하다
그룹/부분
Students make up 70% of the class.
구성 비율을 설명할 때 (두 번째 의미).
화장하다
얼굴/본인
She makes up her face.
흔하지만 다른 의미예요.

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
The two parties have reached a reconciliation.

The two parties have reached a reconciliation. (Relationships)

중립
They have made up.

They have made up. (Relationships)

비격식체
They're cool again.

They're cool again. (Relationships)

속어
They're Gucci now.

They're Gucci now. (Relationships)

'Make Up': 두 가지 핵심 의미

MAKE UP

꾸며내다/만들다 (허구)

  • Story 이야기를 만들어내다
  • Excuse 핑계를 지어내다
  • Game 놀이를 만들다

화해하다 (우정)

  • With someone 다시 친구가 되다
  • After argument 갈등을 해결하다
  • Differences 의견 차이를 해소하다

'Make Up' vs. 유사 동사

Make Up
make up a story 허구의 이야기를 만들어내다
make up with a friend 다툼 후에 친구와 화해하다
Invent
invent a device 새롭고 실질적인 것을 만들다
invent a theory 개념을 고안하다 (더 격식적)
Reconcile
reconcile differences 공식적으로 분쟁을 해결하다
reconcile with family 가족과 친밀한 관계를 회복하다 (격식적)
Make Up For
make up for lost time 놓친 것을 보상하다
make up for a mistake 실수를 속죄하다

'Make Up' 효과적으로 사용하기

1

무언가를 (이야기, 변명, 게임 등) 꾸며내려고 하는 건가요?

YES
2단계로 가세요
NO
3단계로 가세요
2

목적어가 대명사(it, them)인가요?

YES
'make'와 'up' 사이에 목적어를 놓으세요 (예: 'make it up')
NO
'up' 뒤에 또는 'make'와 'up' 사이에 목적어를 놓으세요 (예: 'make up a story' / 'make a story up')
3

누군가와 화해하려는 건가요?

YES
'make up with' + 사람을 사용하세요 (예: 'make up with her')
NO
'make up'의 다른 의미 (예: 화장하다, 구성하다) 또는 다른 동사 ('make up for' 보상, 'invent' 발명)를 고려하세요.

'Make Up'의 맥락

💡

꾸며내기

  • 변명
  • 이야기
  • 게임
  • 거짓말
  • 노래
  • 알리바이
🤝

화해하기

  • 친구와
  • 싸움 후
  • 의견 차이
  • 가족과
  • 불화
⚠️

언제 사용하지 말아야 할까

  • 물건 만들기
  • 과학적 발견
  • 손실 보상
  • 공식 보고서 (대부분)
🤔

비슷한 아이디어

  • Invent
  • Create
  • Reconcile
  • Devise
  • Fabricate

수준별 예문

1

I make up stories.

2

They make up after the fight.

3

Do not make up a lie.

4

We are friends, we make up.

1

He made up a funny song.

2

Did you and Sarah make up?

3

I need to make up an excuse.

4

She made it up to be nice.

1

Women make up half of the class.

2

I'll make up the missed work tomorrow.

3

They finally made up after not speaking for years.

4

He made up the whole story about the ghost.

1

The committee is made up of local residents.

2

How can I make it up to you?

3

The lost hours must be made up by Friday.

4

He has a tendency to make things up when he's nervous.

1

The cultural make-up of the city has changed significantly.

2

He tried to make up for his lack of experience with enthusiasm.

3

The pharmacist is making up your prescription now.

4

It’s hard to make up the ground we lost in the first quarter.

1

The very fabric of their society is made up of these ancient traditions.

2

She struggled to make up the deficit in her emotional well-being.

3

The actors were required to make up their own lines in the improv show.

4

He could not make up the discrepancy between the two reports.

혼동하기 쉬운

Phrasal Verb: Make up (Invent/Reconcile) Make up vs. Make out

Learners often mix these up because they both involve 'make' and a preposition.

Phrasal Verb: Make up (Invent/Reconcile) Make up vs. Invent

Both mean to create something new.

Phrasal Verb: Make up (Invent/Reconcile) Make up vs. Do up

Both use 'up' and a common verb.

자주 하는 실수

I make up it.

I make it up.

Pronouns must go between 'make' and 'up'.

We make up a story.

We made up a story.

Often stories are told in the past tense.

They make up.

They made up.

Usually used in the past tense for finished fights.

I make up my face.

I put on makeup.

Using 'make up' as a verb for cosmetics is rare now.

He made up for a story.

He made up a story.

Do not use 'for' when you mean 'invent'.

Did you make up with?

Did you make up with him?

'Make up with' needs an object.

I made up the bed.

I made the bed.

'Make up the bed' is okay but 'make the bed' is more common.

The team makes up of ten people.

The team is made up of ten people.

The 'constitute' meaning usually requires the passive voice.

I'll make up my mistake.

I'll make up for my mistake.

Use 'for' when compensating for something bad.

He made up his mind up.

He made up his mind.

The idiom 'make up one's mind' is not separable in that way.

He made up the lost ground.

He made up the ground he had lost.

Wordiness issues in advanced writing.

The makeup of the atom...

The make-up of the atom...

In formal writing, the noun often has a hyphen.

문장 패턴

I had to make up a ___ because ___.

___ and ___ finally made up after ___.

___ make up approximately ___ percent of ___.

How can I make up for ___?

Real World Usage

Texting a friend very common

Are we good? Did we make up?

Job Interview common

I can make up the hours if I leave early.

News Report common

Small businesses make up the backbone of the economy.

Social Media Drama very common

She totally made that up for clout.

Travel/Airlines occasional

The pilot tried to make up the time in the air.

Pharmacy occasional

We are making up your prescription now.

💡

대명사 위치 규칙

'make up'이 '꾸며내다'라는 의미일 때, 만약 목적어가 'it'이나 'them' 같은 대명사면 반드시 'make'와 'up' 사이에 와야 해요. 항상 make it up이라고 말하고, make up it은 안 돼요.
⚠️

'보상하다' 의미로 'Make up'을 쓰지 마세요

'make up'과 'make up for'를 헷갈리지 마세요. 어떤 것을 보상해야 할 때는 꼭 'for'를 써서 make up for라고 해야 해요. 예를 들면,
make up for lost time
(잃어버린 시간을 만회하다)이나
make up for a mistake
(실수를 만회하다)처럼요.
🎯

화해할 땐 꼭 'with'를 써주세요

다시 친구가 되는 것에 대해 이야기할 때는 'make up with someone'이라고 말하는 게 가장 자연스럽고 명확해요. 문맥상 'with each other'가 암시될 수도 있지만, 'with'를 쓰면 의미가 더 확실해져요.
I made up with my friend.
(나는 친구와 화해했어.)
🌍

격식체 vs. 비격식체

'make up'은 주로 비격식적인 상황에서 사용돼요. 격식 있는 글쓰기나 진지한 맥락에서는 'invent'(발명하다), 'create'(창조하다), 'reconcile'(화해시키다) 같은 단어를 쓰는 게 더 좋아요. 누구에게 말하는지, 어떤 상황인지 생각해보세요! "Let's make up." (우리 화해하자.)

Smart Tips

Imagine the pronoun is a sandwich filling. It must go inside the verb 'make' and the particle 'up'.

I made up it. I made it up.

Use the 'Make it up to you' pattern. It's the most natural way to offer a favor after a mistake.

I will fix my mistake for you. I'll make it up to you.

Use 'is made up of' instead of just 'has'. It sounds more professional and descriptive.

The cake has flour, sugar, and eggs. The cake is made up of flour, sugar, and eggs.

If it's a lie, use 'make up'. If it's a machine, use 'invent'.

He invented a story about a dragon. He made up a story about a dragon.

발음

make UP

Stress on the particle

In phrasal verbs, the stress usually falls on the preposition/particle, not the verb.

/meɪ-kʌp/

Linking

When 'make' is followed by 'up', the 'k' sound links to the 'u'.

Rising on 'up'

Did you make UP? ↗

Asking a question

암기하기

기억법

Make a story, Make a friend, Make a whole until the end.

시각적 연상

Imagine a person building a Lego house. They are 'making up' the house from small parts. Then imagine them drawing a fake map (making up a story) and finally shaking hands with a friend (making up after a fight).

Rhyme

If you tell a lie, you make it up. If you stop a cry, you make it up.

Story

Tim was late for work. He had to 'make up' an excuse about a flat tire. His boss was angry, but they 'made up' after Tim promised to 'make up' the lost hours by staying late. Now, those extra hours 'make up' a large part of his paycheck.

Word Web

inventreconcileconstitutefabricatecompensateexcusestoryfriendship

챌린지

Write three sentences using 'make up': one about a lie, one about a friend, and one about a percentage.

문화 노트

Very common in high school dramas and sitcoms to discuss 'making up' after a breakup.

Often used in the context of 'making up a bed' for a guest, which is slightly more common in the UK than the US.

Used globally in English-speaking offices to discuss 'making up the hours' when taking time off for appointments.

The phrase dates back to the late 14th century, combining 'make' (to create) with 'up' (to completion).

대화 시작하기

Have you ever had to make up an excuse for being late?

What qualities make up a good friend?

How do you usually make up with someone after a fight?

If you could make up a new holiday, what would it be?

일기 주제

Write about a time you and a friend had a disagreement and how you made up.
Describe the different groups of people that make up your community.
Create a fictional character. Make up their name, history, and a secret.
Argue whether it is ever okay to make up a lie to protect someone's feelings.

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

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Incorrect

정답

Test Yourself

알맞은 형태를 고르세요.

My friends often ___ stories about their weekend adventures.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: make up
이야기를 만들거나 꾸며낼 때는 동사구 'make up'을 써요.
실수를 찾아 고치세요.

After the argument, they made up it.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: After the argument, they made it up.
목적어가 대명사('it'처럼)일 때는 'make'와 'up' 사이에 와야 해요. '화해하다' 의미일 때는 'made up with each other'가 될 거예요.
'make up'을 사용해서 문장을 바꿔 쓰세요.

Rephrase: 'They invented a ridiculous excuse to avoid their responsibilities.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["They made up a ridiculous excuse to avoid their responsibilities.","They made a ridiculous excuse up to avoid their responsibilities."]
변명을 꾸며낼 때는 동사구 'make up'을 사용해요. 명사 목적어일 때는 분리 가능하거나 불가능해요.
어떤 문장이 맞나요?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My sister and I finally made up.
문맥상 두 명 이상이 화해하는 것이 명확할 때 'Made up'만으로도 화해를 암시할 수 있어요. 'Made up with'도 맞지만, 여기서는 'made up'만으로도 괜찮아요.

Score: /4

연습 문제

8 exercises
Choose the correct sentence. 객관식

Which one is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I made it up.
Pronouns must go between the verb and the particle.
Fill in the missing word.

They had a fight, but they finally made ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: up
'Make up' is the phrasal verb for reconciliation.
Find the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

The team makes up of five players.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is made up
When describing composition, we use the passive 'is made up of'.
Rewrite using 'make up'. Sentence Transformation

He invented a lie about the car.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He made up a lie.
'Make up' is a synonym for 'invent' in this context.
Match the meaning to the sentence. Match Pairs

1. Invent 2. Reconcile 3. Constitute

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Story, 2-Friends, 3-Parts
These are the three primary senses of the verb.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: I'm so sorry I missed your birthday. B: It's okay, how are you going to ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: make it up to me
'Make it up to someone' is the standard phrase for compensation.
Is the verb Separable or Intransitive in this sentence? Grammar Sorting

'We finally made up.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Intransitive
In the sense of 'reconcile', there is no object, so it is intransitive.
Complete the sentence.

I'll work on Saturday to make ___ the lost time.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: up
You 'make up the time' (object) or 'make up FOR the loss'.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
알맞은 형태를 고르세요. 빈칸 채우기

The author loves to ___ new characters for her fantasy novels.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: make up
실수를 찾아 고치세요. Error Correction

We need to make up for the lost profit.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: We need to make up for the lost profit.
어떤 문장이 맞나요? 객관식

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.
'make up'을 사용해서 문장을 바꿔 쓰세요: 'They invented a clever plan.' 번역

Rephrase using 'make up': 'They invented a clever plan.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["They made up a clever plan.","They made a clever plan up."]
단어를 순서대로 배열하세요. Sentence Reorder

이 단어들을 배열하여 문장을 만드세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: They made up with their friends.
각 예시를 'make up'의 올바른 사용법과 연결하세요. Match Pairs

문장과 'make up'의 주요 의미를 연결하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
알맞은 옵션을 고르세요. 빈칸 채우기

My little brother loves to ___ excuses for not doing his chores.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: make up
오류를 식별하고 수정하세요. Error Correction

The band wants to make up it's own songs.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.
문법적으로 올바른 문장을 선택하세요. 객관식

어떤 문장이 화해의 의미로 'make up'을 올바르게 사용했나요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both sentences are correct.
'make up'을 사용해서 문장을 바꿔 쓰세요: 'I will compensate for the time I missed.' 번역

Rephrase using 'make up': 'I will compensate for the time I missed.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["I will make up for the time I missed."]
단어를 순서대로 배열하여 올바른 문장을 만드세요. Sentence Reorder

이 단어들을 배열하여 문장을 만드세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Why did he make up a story?
목적어와 올바른 'make up' 구조를 연결하세요. Match Pairs

목적어와 올바른 'make up' 구조를 연결하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /12

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

Usually no. Use `invent` for things like the lightbulb or the internet. Use `make up` for stories, lies, and excuses.

It is neutral to informal. In very formal writing, use `fabricate`, `reconcile`, or `constitute`.

`Make up` means to invent or reconcile. `Make up for` means to compensate for a mistake or a loss.

Yes! This is a very common idiom meaning 'I decided'.

When written as one word (makeup), it is a noun meaning cosmetics or the composition of something. As two words (make up), it is a verb.

Use `be made up of`. For example: 'The class is made up of students from ten countries.'

It implies reconciliation, which might include kissing, but the verb for kissing specifically is `make out`.

`Made up of` is much more common and generally considered correct for parts of a whole.

Scaffolded Practice

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Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish low

Inventar / Reconciliarse

English uses one verb for both; Spanish uses 'inventar' and 'reconciliarse'.

French low

Inventer / Se réconcilier

French requires reflexive verbs for the 'reconcile' meaning.

German moderate

Erfinden / Sich versöhnen

German separable verbs are common, but the meanings are split across different roots.

Japanese none

Netsuzou suru / Nakanaori suru

Japanese has no concept of 'verb + preposition' phrasal verbs.

Arabic none

Ikhtara'a / Tasalaha

Arabic uses root-based morphology instead of phrasal particles.

Chinese none

Biānzào / Héhǎo

Chinese uses compound verbs that describe the result of the action.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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