B1 · 중급 챕터 27

More Essential Phrasal Verbs

11 총 규칙
127 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the most common phrasal verbs to sound like a natural English speaker in any situation.

  • Categorize essential phrasal verbs by their functional use in conversation.
  • Apply correct grammar structures to separable and inseparable verb phrases.
  • Recognize the nuance between literal and idiomatic meanings of common verbs.
Speak fluently by mastering everyday phrasal verbs.

배울 내용

Ready to sound more natural? This chapter will equip you to confidently express yourself, whether you need to 'cut down on' something or understand what someone really 'means'. Soon, you'll navigate everyday conversations with ease!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use phrasal verbs correctly to describe habits, social plans, and interpersonal relationships.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Getting comfortable with phrasal verbs is a game-changer for B1 English learners aiming to sound more natural and fluent. This chapter on English more essential phrasal verbs will unlock everyday conversations for you, moving beyond basic vocabulary to expressions that native speakers use all the time. You'll learn to confidently describe reducing habits with cut down on, understand intentions with mean, and manage tasks by knowing when to put off something.
Mastering these specific phrasal verbs is a crucial step in your B1 English grammar journey. We'll explore verbs like throw away for discarding items, make up for inventing or reconciling, and rely on for dependability. You'll discover how to talk about quitting habits with give up, finding things by chance using come across, and even cancelling plans politely with call off.
By the end of this guide, you’ll not only recognize these phrases but integrate them smoothly into your own speech and writing, making your English sound authentic and dynamic.

How This Grammar Works

Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb and a preposition or adverb (sometimes both), and their meaning is often different from the individual words. This makes them tricky but also incredibly rich for expression. For instance, throw away isn't just about throwing; it specifically means to discard.
When using separable phrasal verbs like throw away or put off, remember that pronouns *must* go in the middle: we throw it away, not *throw away it*. Similarly, you put them off, not *put off them*. This separability is key to sounding natural.
We also have versatile verbs like make up, which can mean inventing a story (
He had to make up an excuse
), reconciling after an argument (
They finally made up after their fight
), or forming a whole (
Women make up 60% of the staff
). Understanding these different contexts is vital. For habits, you'll learn to distinguish between cut down on (reduce an amount, like
I need to cut down on coffee
) and give up (stop completely, as in
She gave up smoking
).
Remember that give up is typically followed by the gerund (-ing) form of a verb:
I should give up eating so much sugar.
Whether you rely on a friend for support, come across an old photo, or call off a meeting, these phrasal verbs add precision and naturalness to your communication, helping you bridge the gap between literal translations and idiomatic English.

Common Mistakes

Here are some common pitfalls B1 learners encounter with these phrasal verbs:
  1. 1✗ Don't throw away it.
✓ Don't throw it away.
Explanation: For separable phrasal verbs like throw away or put off, if you use a pronoun (it, them, us, etc.), it *must* go between the verb and the particle.
  1. 1✗ I need to give up to smoke.
✓ I need to give up smoking.
Explanation: When give up is followed by another verb, that verb almost always takes the -ing (gerund) form.
  1. 1✗ He just meant to say hello. (When the intention was different)
✓ What do you mean by that?
Explanation: The verb mean is often used to clarify intent or definition. Incorrectly using it can lead to miscommunication. Asking
What do you mean?
is how you clarify.

Real Conversations

A

A

I'm so tired. I feel like I'm always putting off my important tasks.
B

B

Maybe you should try to rely on a planner more. That helps me stay organized.
A

A

Did you hear about Tom? He decided to give up watching TV entirely!
B

B

Wow, really? I'm just trying to cut down on my screen time. I can't imagine quitting completely.
A

A

I came across this old photo of us from high school yesterday. We looked so different!
B

B

Oh, no way! I remember that day. We had to make up a crazy story about why we were late for class.

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between cut down on and give up?

Cut down on means to reduce the amount or frequency of something, but not stop entirely (e.g., "I'm cutting down on sugar

). Give up means to stop doing something completely (e.g.,
I gave up smoking last year").

Q

Can make up only mean to invent a story?

No, make up is very versatile! It can mean to invent something (

make up an excuse
), to reconcile after an argument (
They made up after their fight
), or to form a whole (
Women make up the majority of the team
).

Q

How do I know when a phrasal verb needs a pronoun in the middle, like throw it away?

Many phrasal verbs are *separable*, especially when they have an object. A good rule of thumb for B1 is that if the object is a pronoun (it, them, him, her, us, you), it usually goes between the verb and the particle. If the object is a noun, it can often go in either position (e.g.,

throw away the rubbish
or
throw the rubbish away
).

Q

In what situations would I typically use rely on?

You use rely on when you need someone or something for support, help, or to function properly. For example,

I rely on my car for work,
You can always rely on Sarah,
or
Many people rely on their phones for news.

Cultural Context

Phrasal verbs are a cornerstone of natural, everyday English. Native speakers use them constantly, often without even realizing it. While some might be considered more informal, many are standard in both casual and professional settings, making your speech sound much more fluent and less textbook-like.
Mastering these phrases, rather than always using single-word synonyms, is a key step towards truly connecting with native English communication.

주요 예문 (8)

1

Can you please `throw away that empty coffee cup`?

그 빈 커피컵 좀 버려줄 수 있어요?

구동사: Throw away
2

Don't `throw away your shot` at getting into that university!

그 대학에 들어갈 기회를 날려버리지 마!

구동사: Throw away
3

The children love to `make up` elaborate games in the backyard.

아이들은 뒷마당에서 정교한 게임을 만들어내는 것을 좋아해요.

구동사: Make up (지어내다/화해하다)
4

After their big argument, Maya and Ben `made up with` each other.

크게 싸운 후에 마야와 벤은 서로 화해했어요.

구동사: Make up (지어내다/화해하다)
5

We need to `dress up` for Sarah's graduation party.

우리는 사라의 졸업 파티를 위해 예쁘게 차려입어야 해요.

차려입기: 정장 및 의상 (Dress up)
6

My little brother wants to `dress up as` a dinosaur for Halloween.

제 남동생은 할로윈에 공룡으로 분장하고 싶어 해요.

차려입기: 정장 및 의상 (Dress up)
7

What does 'rizz' `mean` on TikTok?

틱톡에서 'rizz'는 무슨 뜻이에요?

'Mean' 이해하기: 무슨 의미인가요?
8

I `mean to say` sorry for being late to the group call.

단체 통화에 늦어서 미안하다고 말하려던 거예요.

'Mean' 이해하기: 무슨 의미인가요?

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

대명사는 항상 중간에!

항상 기억하세요: 'it', 'them' 같은 대명사를 'throw away' 할 때는 꼭 throw와 away 사이에 넣어야 해요. 명확한 의사소통을 위한 규칙이라고 생각하세요.
Please throw it away,
라고 해야지,
Please throw away it
이라고 하면 안 돼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 구동사: Throw away
💡

대명사 위치 규칙

'make up'이 '꾸며내다'라는 의미일 때, 만약 목적어가 'it'이나 'them' 같은 대명사면 반드시 'make'와 'up' 사이에 와야 해요. 항상 make it up이라고 말하고, make up it은 안 돼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 구동사: Make up (지어내다/화해하다)
💡

상황이 제일 중요해요!

항상 상황을 생각하세요. 'dress up'은 단순히 옷을 입는 게 아니라, 특별한 이유로 준비할 때 써요.
Are you dressing up for the festival?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 차려입기: 정장 및 의상 (Dress up)
💡

주변 단어에 집중하세요!

'mean' 주변의 단어들을 항상 주의 깊게 보세요. 뒤에 'to + 동사'가 오면 아마 의도를 나타낼 거예요. 아니면 단어에 대한 질문인가요? 그럼 정의를 묻는 거겠죠! 문맥이 여러분의 가장 좋은 친구랍니다.
The surrounding sentence is your best friend.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Mean' 이해하기: 무슨 의미인가요?

핵심 어휘 (5)

Discard to throw something away Reconcile to make up after a fight Procrastinate to put off a task Support to back someone up Chance an unplanned event

Real-World Preview

briefcase

The Busy Office

Review Summary

  • Verb + Particle + Object
  • Verb + Particle
  • Verb + Particle + Object

자주 하는 실수

When using a pronoun object, it must go between the verb and the particle.

Wrong: I throw away it.
정답: I throw it away.

Many phrasal verbs require a preposition to connect to the object.

Wrong: I rely my friend.
정답: I rely on my friend.

After 'give up', always use the gerund (-ing form).

Wrong: I gave up to smoke.
정답: I gave up smoking.

이 챕터의 규칙 (11)

1

구동사: Throw away

B1
'throw away'를 마스터하면 영어로 물건을 discard, prevent waste, manage opportunities 하는 대화를 자신 있게 할 수 있을 거예요!
Can you please `throw away that empty coffee cup`?
11 예문
2

구동사: Make up (지어내다/화해하다)

B1
이야기를 invent하거나 친구와 reconcile할 때 'make up'을 잘 쓰면 훨씬 자연스럽게 들릴 거예요. 핵심은 separable과 with!
The children love to `make up` elaborate games in...
12 예문
3

차려입기: 정장 및 의상 (Dress up)

B1
'Dress up'은 특별한 날, '특별한 옷'이나 '코스튬'을 입는 거예요.
We need to `dress up` for Sarah's graduation party...
10 예문
4

'Mean' 이해하기: 무슨 의미인가요?

B1
'mean'을 잘 이해하면 의도를 명확히 표현하고, 단어를 정의하며, 상황을 정확하게 설명하는 데 큰 도움이 될 거예요. intend, define, clarify
What does 'rizz' `mean` on TikTok?
12 예문
5

사람과 사물에 의존하기 (Rely on)

B1
'on' 전치사와 함께 'depend on', 'rely on'을 잘 쓰는 건 정말 중요해요. «필요»나 «신뢰»를 표현할 때 B1 레벨의 유창함을 뽐낼 수 있을 거예요!
Our weekend plans **depend on the weather** foreca...
12 예문
6

업무 연기하기: 'Put off' 사용법

B1
일상생활에서 해야 할 일이나 행사 일정을 '미룰 때' put off를 자연스럽게 쓰는 법을 마스터해요, 특히 '대명사'와 함께요!
I really need to clean my room, but I'll probably...
10 예문
7

'Back Up' 사용법 (이동, 지원, 저장)

B1
'back up'을 잘 쓰려면, 상황에 따라 여러 가지 뜻이 있다는 걸 이해하고 '맥락'에 맞춰 쓰는 게 중요해요.
Please **back up** your car so I can get out of th...
12 예문
8

'Cut Down On' 사용법 (습관 줄이기)

B1
cut down on을 마스터하면 습관을 줄이는 것에 대해 «자연스럽고» «효과적으로» 말할 수 있어요.
I really need to `cut down on coffee` if I want to...
12 예문
9

멈추고 포기하기 (포기하다)

B1
give up은 어떤 습관을 «그만두거나», 노력을 «멈출 때», 또는 깔끔하게 «항복»할 때 사용하는 마법 같은 표현이에요!
I'm not going to `give up` on my dream of learning...
12 예문
10

우연히 마주치다/발견하다 (Come across)

B1
영어에서 우연한 발견이나 만남을 자연스럽게 말하고 싶다면, come across가 아주 유용한 표현이에요!
While cleaning the attic, I came across my grandma...
12 예문
11

'Call Off' 사용법 (행사 취소)

B1
call off를 완벽하게 써서 행사 취소를 자연스럽게 말하고 원어민처럼 들려봐요!
They decided to `call off` the picnic due to the s...
12 예문

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job! Phrasal verbs are tricky, but you are now equipped to navigate English conversations with much more confidence.

Listen to a podcast and note every phrasal verb you hear.

Continue to: Mastering Perfect Tenses

빠른 연습 (10)

문장을 완성하기 위해 올바른 형태를 고르세요.

The concert was ___ due to the heavy rain.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: called off
Called off는 취소되었다는 뜻이에요. 폭우 때문에 콘서트가 취소되었죠.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Call Off' 사용법 (행사 취소)

문장에서 실수를 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Did you back up it on your hard drive?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Did you back it up on your hard drive?
목적어가 대명사('it')일 때는 'back'과 'up' 사이에 위치해야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Back Up' 사용법 (이동, 지원, 저장)

올바른 형태를 고르세요.

For the fancy dinner, we decided to _______.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dress up
특별한 날 격식 있는 옷이나 특별한 옷을 입을 때는 'dress up'을 사용해요. 'Dress down'은 덜 격식 있는 옷을 입는다는 뜻이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 차려입기: 정장 및 의상 (Dress up)

문장에서 실수를 찾아 고치세요.

She needs to cut down to smoke.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She needs to cut down on smoking.
구동사 cut down on 뒤에는 동명사(verb-ing)가 사용되어야 하며, 부정사('to smoke')는 올 수 없어요. 또한, 전치사 'on'도 필요해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Cut Down On' 사용법 (습관 줄이기)

어떤 문장이 맞나요?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My sister and I finally made up.
문맥상 두 명 이상이 화해하는 것이 명확할 때 'Made up'만으로도 화해를 암시할 수 있어요. 'Made up with'도 맞지만, 여기서는 'made up'만으로도 괜찮아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 구동사: Make up (지어내다/화해하다)

알맞은 형태를 고르세요.

My friends often ___ stories about their weekend adventures.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: make up
이야기를 만들거나 꾸며낼 때는 동사구 'make up'을 써요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 구동사: Make up (지어내다/화해하다)

'rely on'을 올바르게 사용한 문장은 무엇인가요?

올바른 문장을 선택하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I rely on my laptop for work.
'Rely'는 신뢰하거나 필요한 것을 나타낼 때 항상 전치사 'on'을 필요로 해요. A와 C는 잘못된 전치사를 사용했어요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 사람과 사물에 의존하기 (Rely on)

결과를 표현하기 위해 'mean'을 올바르게 사용한 문장은 무엇인가요?

올바른 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Passing the exam means studying hard.
'mean'이 결과를 표현할 때는 동사의 동명사(-ing 형태) 또는 명사구가 뒤따라요. 'Means studying'이 여기서는 올바른 표현이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Mean' 이해하기: 무슨 의미인가요?

문장을 완성하는 올바른 형태를 선택하세요.

My New Year's resolution is to `cut down ___ buying` unnecessary clothes.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: on
Cut down on은 줄인다는 의미의 올바른 구동사예요. 전치사 'on'은 필수적이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Cut Down On' 사용법 (습관 줄이기)

문장을 완성할 올바른 형태를 고르세요.

I always ___ my chores until the last minute.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: put off
'my chores'라는 대상 명사가 바로 뒤에 올 때는 'put off'가 올바른 형태예요. 'Put it off'는 대명사일 때, 'put off them'은 틀린 표현이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 업무 연기하기: 'Put off' 사용법

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

throw away의 주된 의미는 더 이상 필요 없거나 원하지 않는 것을 버리는 거예요. 예를 들어,
throw away the trash
처럼요.
네, 물론이죠!
throw away an opportunity
(기회를 낭비하다) 또는 throw away money (돈을 현명하지 못하게 쓰다)처럼 사용할 수 있어요. 아주 다재다능한 표현이랍니다.
'make up'의 두 가지 주요 의미는 무언가를 (이야기나 변명처럼) '꾸며내거나 창조하는 것'과 다툼 후에 '화해하거나 다시 친구가 되는 것'이에요. 예를 들어,
I made up an excuse
(변명을 지어냈어) 또는
They made up with each other
(그들은 서로 화해했어)처럼요.
'make up'이 '꾸며내다'라는 의미일 때는 명사 목적어와 분리될 수 있어요 (
make up a story
또는
make a story up
). 하지만 대명사 목적어일 때는 반드시 분리되어야 해요 (make it up). '화해하다'라는 의미일 때는 보통 'with'와 함께 사용되어 분리되지 않아요 (
make up with someone
).
'dress up'은 주로 특별한 날을 위해 격식 있는 옷을 입거나 코스튬을 입는 것을 의미해요. 갈라 행사를 위해 'dressing up' 하거나, 슈퍼히어로로 'dressing up as' 하는 것처럼, 외모에 특별히 신경 쓰는 상황을 떠올려 보세요.
항상 그런 건 아니에요! 주로 옷에 관련되지만, 비유적으로 무언가를 더 매력적이거나 인상 깊게 만든다는 의미로도 사용될 수 있어요. 예를 들어, 평범한 식사에 장식으로 'dress up'하거나, 지루한 발표에 생생한 그래픽으로 'dress up'할 수 있죠.
이전 챕터
Work and Problem-Solving Phrasal Verbs
다음 챕터
Mastering Perfect Tenses
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