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B1 verb #8,000 가장 일반적인 10분 분량

悔いる

kuyiru
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 悔いる 30초 만에
설명 悔いる in your Level:
At the A1 level, you usually focus on simple ways to say 'I'm sorry,' like 'Gomen nasai.' The word 'kuiru' is too advanced for most A1 learners to use in daily conversation. However, you might see the kanji '悔' in very simple comic books or signs. At this stage, just think of 'kuiru' as a very serious way of feeling bad about something you did. It's like saying 'I really, really regret it' in a way that is about your heart, not just a small mistake. You won't need to use it yet, but recognizing it as a 'feeling' word is a great start.
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By A2, you are learning more verbs for emotions. You might know 'koukai suru' (to regret). 'Kuiru' is like the 'older, more serious brother' of 'koukai suru.' While 'koukai' is for things like 'I regret not bringing an umbrella,' 'kuiru' is for things like 'I regret being mean to my friend.' It's an Ichidan verb, so it conjugates like 'taberu.' (Kuiru -> Kuimasu). You might see it in simple stories or hear it in a dramatic moment in an anime. It's a 'heavy' word, so use it sparingly!
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At the B1 level, you should start to distinguish between different types of regret. 'Kuiru' is a key word for expressing deep, moral remorse. You should use it when discussing personal growth, past mistakes that changed you, or serious apologies. It often appears as 'kuite iru' to show a lasting state of regret. You should also be careful not to confuse it with 'kuyashii' (frustrated). In B1 writing, using 'kuiru' instead of 'koukai suru' when talking about a life lesson shows a much higher level of nuance and emotional intelligence.
B2 learners should be comfortable using 'kuiru' in formal writing and understanding its use in news and literature. You should recognize common collocations like 'ayamachi o kuiru' (to repent for a mistake) or 'tsumi o kuiru' (to repent for a sin). At this level, you can also appreciate the difference between 'kuiru' and 'kuyamu.' You might encounter 'kuiru' in social commentaries or editorials discussing historical responsibility. It's a word that carries the weight of conscience, and using it correctly reflects an understanding of Japanese social values regarding sincerity (makoto).
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For C1 learners, 'kuiru' is part of a larger web of 'remorse' vocabulary including 'kaigo' (repentance), 'zange' (confession), and 'tsuikai' (remorseful reflection). You should be able to analyze how 'kuiru' is used in classical or modern literature (like the works of Natsume Soseki) to explore the Japanese psyche. You'll notice it's often used to describe a character's internal struggle with their past. You should also understand the nuance of 'kuiru ni kuinai' (cannot even begin to repent) and other complex grammatical structures involving this verb.
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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'kuiru.' You understand its philosophical implications and how it differs from Western concepts of 'sin' and 'guilt.' You can use it in high-level debates about ethics, history, or law. You are also aware of its archaic or highly literary variants and can use it to create specific atmospheric effects in your own creative writing. 'Kuiru' is no longer just a verb to you; it's a window into the nuanced way Japanese culture handles the concepts of time, the self, and moral responsibility.
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悔いる 30초 만에

  • A formal verb for deep, moral regret.
  • Used for repenting sins or grave mistakes.
  • More emotional and introspective than 'koukai suru'.
  • Common in literature, news, and serious apologies.

The Japanese verb 悔いる (kuiru) occupies a profound space in the emotional landscape of the Japanese language. At its core, it translates to 'to regret' or 'to repent,' but its weight is significantly heavier than the common English 'I'm sorry' or even the colloquial Japanese 'koukai suru.' While koukai is a general term for regret that can apply to buying the wrong shirt or missing a train, kuiru is deeply introspective. it suggests a moral or spiritual remorse, a turning inward to examine one's past actions with a sense of sorrow and a desire for atonement.

Semantic Nuance
Unlike many verbs that describe external reactions, kuiru describes a state of the heart (kokoro). It is often used in literary contexts, formal apologies, or when discussing life-altering mistakes. It carries the nuance of 'repenting' for a sin or a deep moral failure.
Grammatical Type
It is an Ichidan verb (ru-verb), meaning it conjugates predictably. However, because of its heavy meaning, you will rarely hear it in casual 'te-form' requests. It mostly appears in the dictionary form, the past tense kuita, or the continuous kuite iru.

彼は過去の過ちを深く悔いている。
(Kare wa kako no ayamachi o fukaku kuite iru.)
He deeply regrets (is repenting for) his past mistakes.

In Japanese society, where harmony (wa) and social responsibility are paramount, the act of kuiru is seen as a necessary step toward social reintegration after a transgression. It isn't just about feeling bad; it's about acknowledging a breach in the social or moral fabric. You might see this word in news reports when a criminal expresses remorse, or in classic literature when a protagonist reflects on a wasted youth.

Historically, the kanji 悔 combines the heart radical (忄) with the character for 'every' (毎), suggesting an emotion that stays with the heart every day. This etymological root emphasizes the persistent, haunting nature of true regret. When you use kuiru, you are signaling to the listener that your remorse is not a fleeting emotion but a profound change in your internal state.

過ちを悔いるのに、遅すぎることはない。
(Ayamachi o kuiru no ni, ososugiru koto wa nai.)
It is never too late to repent for one's mistakes.

For learners at the B1 level, understanding kuiru is a gateway to more sophisticated Japanese. It moves you away from the basic 'gomen nasai' and into the realm of expressing complex human emotions. It is a word of gravity, often found in the climax of a story or the heart of a sincere apology. If you use it, use it with intention.

Mastering the usage of 悔いる (kuiru) requires an understanding of its typical sentence structures and the particles it pairs with. Most commonly, it takes the direct object particle を (o) to indicate what is being regretted. The object is usually a noun representing an action, a period of time, or a moral failing.

Common Objects
Typical objects include ayamachi (mistake/fault), tsumi (sin/crime), kako (the past), or wakaki hi (youthful days). These nouns reflect the serious nature of the verb.

彼は自分の犯した罪を悔いている。
(Kare wa jibun no okashita tsumi o kuite iru.)
He is repenting for the crime he committed.

Syntactically, kuiru is often modified by adverbs that emphasize the depth of the emotion. Words like fukaku (deeply), kokoro kara (from the heart), or ima sara (now, after all this time) are frequent companions. These adverbs help distinguish the profound kuiru from more superficial regrets.

Another important aspect is the tense. The present tense kuiru is often used for general truths or future intentions, while the te-iru form (kuite iru) describes a continuous state of remorse. The past tense kuita is used when the process of repenting has reached a certain point or is being looked back upon.

今さら過去を悔いても始まらない。
(Ima sara kako o kuitemo hajimaranai.)
Regretting the past now won't change anything (lit. won't start anything).

When used in the negative form, kuinai (not regret), it often expresses a strong sense of resolve or lack of shame. 'Kuiru koto wa nai' (There is nothing to regret) is a powerful statement of conviction in one's choices, even if they led to a difficult outcome.

Formal Conjugation Table
  • Dictionary: 悔いる (kuiru)
  • Polite: 悔います (kuimasu)
  • Negative: 悔いない (kuinai)
  • Past: 悔いた (kuita)
  • Te-form: 悔いて (kuite)

In summary, focus on the object of the regret. If it is a personal failing or a deep moral choice, kuiru is the appropriate choice. Pair it with fukaku to show sincerity, and remember that it describes a state of being more than a simple action.

In everyday spoken Japanese, you might not hear 悔いる (kuiru) as often as koukai suru. However, it is an essential word in specific high-stakes environments. One of the most common places to encounter it is in news reporting and legal contexts. When a public figure or a defendant in a trial expresses remorse, the media will use kuiru to convey the gravity of their statement.

News Media
"Hikoku wa ayamachi o fukaku kuite iru" (The defendant is deeply repenting for his mistake). This phrase is a staple in Japanese court reporting, signaling a plea for leniency or a genuine change of heart.

彼は自らの不徳を悔い、僧侶になった。
(Kare wa mizukara no futoku o kui, souryo ni natta.)
He repented for his own lack of virtue and became a monk.

Another major domain for kuiru is literature and cinema. Japanese storytelling often revolves around themes of redemption and the burden of the past. In anime or J-dramas, a character might have a dramatic monologue where they reflect on a betrayal or a failed duty. Here, kuiru is used to evoke a sense of tragedy and emotional depth that koukai simply cannot reach.

You will also find it in religious or philosophical discussions. In Buddhism, the concept of zange (confession/repentance) is closely linked to the action of kuiru. It is about purifying the heart by acknowledging past wrongs. Therefore, in sermons or self-help books with a spiritual bent, kuiru is a key vocabulary item.

死ぬ時に悔いない人生を送りたい。
(Shinu toki ni kuinai jinsei o okuritai.)
I want to live a life that I won't regret when I die.

Finally, while rare in casual speech, you might hear older generations use it when giving advice to younger people. 'Ato de kuite mo osoi zo' (It'll be too late to repent later) is a stern warning about the long-term consequences of one's current actions. Understanding these contexts helps you realize that kuiru is more than just a word; it's a cultural marker of sincerity and gravity.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make with 悔いる (kuiru) is confusing it with the adjective 悔しい (kuyashii). Although they share the same kanji root 悔, their meanings are worlds apart. Kuyashii refers to the frustration or bitterness felt after a loss or being treated unfairly—it is an outward-facing emotion. Kuiru, on the other hand, is an inward-facing remorse for one's own actions.

The Frustration Trap
Mistake: 'Shiai ni makete kuita' (I repented for losing the match).
Correct: 'Shiai ni makete kuyashii' (I'm frustrated because I lost the match). You only 'kuiru' if you did something morally wrong or made a grave personal error, not just because you lost.

× 宿題を忘れて悔いる。
○ 宿題を忘れて後悔する。
'Kuiru' is too heavy for forgetting homework. Use 'koukai suru' instead.

Another common mistake is overusing kuiru in daily life. Because its English translation is 'regret,' students often use it for minor inconveniences. If you say 'I kuiru buying this milk,' Japanese people will be confused or think you are being incredibly dramatic. Kuiru is reserved for deep, life-altering, or moral regrets. For everyday regrets, stick to koukai suru or zannen da.

There is also the 'Passive Mistake.' In English, we often say 'I am regretted by my actions' (though rare) or 'It is regretted.' In Japanese, kuiru is almost always active. You are the one doing the repenting. You don't 'be repented' by something else. The focus is on your internal agency and heart.

Summary of Usage Errors
  • Using it for petty regrets (use koukai).
  • Confusing it with kuyashii (frustration).
  • Incorrectly conjugating it as a Godan verb.
  • Using it in casual settings where it sounds overly dramatic.

To avoid these, always ask yourself: 'Is this a matter of my conscience?' If the answer is yes, kuiru might be appropriate. If it's just a mistake or a bad outcome, it probably isn't.

To truly understand 悔いる (kuiru), you must see where it sits among its synonyms. Japanese has a rich vocabulary for regret, each with a specific flavor. The most common alternative is 後悔する (koukai suru). While kuiru is emotional and moral, koukai suru is more intellectual. You can 'koukai' a business decision, but you 'kuiru' a betrayal of a friend.

悔いる vs. 後悔する
Kuiru: Internal, moral, heavy, literary. Focuses on the heart's state.
Koukai suru: Logical, situational, common, versatile. Focuses on the 'what if' of a past action.

Then there is 悔やむ (kuyamu). This word is often used for things that are beyond your control or for mourning. You 'kuyamu' a death (okuyami) or 'kuyamu' a missed chance that wasn't necessarily your 'fault.' It has a sense of lingering sadness or grief, whereas kuiru has a sense of active repentance.

過去を悔やんでも、時間は戻らない。
(Kako o kuyandemo, jikan wa modoranai.)
Even if you regret (lament) the past, time won't come back.

For a more formal or religious tone, you might encounter 懺悔する (zange suru). This specifically means 'to confess' or 'to repent' in a religious context. It is the action of speaking your regrets aloud to a deity or a priest. Kuiru is the feeling; zange is the ritualized expression of that feeling.

In literary or very formal speech, you might see 悔悟 (kaigo). This is a noun meaning 'repentance' or 'remorse.' It is essentially the noun version of the sentiment behind kuiru. It's the kind of word you'd find in a philosophy book or a high-level newspaper editorial.

Quick Comparison
  • 悔いる: Repenting a sin (Moral).
  • 後悔: Regretting a choice (General).
  • 悔やむ: Lamenting a loss (Grief).
  • 反省: Reflecting to improve (Practical).

Choosing the right word shows your sensitivity to the situation. If you want to show that you are truly a changed person because of your remorse, kuiru is your best choice.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The kanji 悔 combines the heart radical with 'every'. It implies that a true regret is something that the heart feels every single day, rather than a one-time thought.

발음 가이드

UK /ku.i.ru/
US /ku.i.ru/
Japanese is a pitch-accent language, not stress-accent. The focus is on the steady flow of morae.
라임이 맞는 단어
Siiru (to force) Mukuiru (to reward/retaliate) Oiru (to age) Hiru (to dry) Kiiru (to yellow) Niiru (to boil) Miiru (to charm) Shiiru (to compel)
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing it like 'kway-ru' (English influence).
  • Confusing the pitch with 'kui' (eating).
  • Dragging the 'i' sound too long.
  • Using an English 'r' sound.
  • Failing to distinguish it from 'kuyamu'.

난이도

독해 3/5

The kanji is common but the verb is often in literary texts.

쓰기 4/5

Requires understanding of the Ichidan conjugation and formal nuance.

말하기 4/5

Hard to use naturally without sounding overly dramatic.

듣기 3/5

Common in news and drama, easy to recognize once known.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

後悔 過ち 心 悪い 謝る

다음에 배울 것

悔やむ 悔悟 懺悔 償う 反省

고급

不徳 傲慢 自責 懊悩 慙愧

알아야 할 문법

Ichidan Verb Conjugation

Kuiru (Dict), Kuimasu (Polite), Kuite (Te-form).

Particle 'o' for Direct Object

Ayamachi (Mistake) + o + kuiru.

Adverbial Modification

Fukaku (Deeply) + kuiru.

Te-iru for State

Kuite iru (is in a state of regret).

Nominalization with 'Koto'

Kuiru koto (The act of regretting).

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수준별 예문

1

こころで悔いる。

Regret in one's heart.

Simple subject + particle + verb.

2

まちがいを悔いる。

To regret a mistake.

Direct object 'machigai' + particle 'o'.

3

あとで悔いる。

To regret later.

Time adverb 'ato de'.

4

悔いる人はやさしい。

A person who regrets is kind.

Verb modifying a noun.

5

深く悔いる。

To regret deeply.

Adverb 'fukaku' modifying the verb.

6

うそを悔いる。

To regret a lie.

Simple noun object.

7

彼は悔いた。

He regretted it.

Past tense of an Ichidan verb.

8

悔いないでください。

Please don't regret it.

Negative request form.

1

自分のしたことを悔いています。

I am regretting what I did.

Continuous state 'te-imasu'.

2

あの時、悔いても遅かった。

At that time, it was too late to regret.

Conditional 'te-mo' + past tense.

3

彼は過去を悔いながら生きています。

He lives while regretting the past.

Simultaneous action 'nagara'.

4

過ちを悔いることは大切です。

It is important to repent for mistakes.

Nominalized verb + 'wa taisetsu desu'.

5

彼女は何も悔いていないようです。

She doesn't seem to regret anything.

Negative state + 'you desu' (seems).

6

悔いる気持ちを忘れないで。

Don't forget the feeling of remorse.

Noun phrase 'kuiru kimochi'.

7

どうして悔いているのですか？

Why are you repenting?

Explanatory 'no desu ka'.

8

もう悔いたくありません。

I don't want to regret anymore.

Desire form 'tai' in negative.

1

若き日の過ちを深く悔いる。

To deeply regret the mistakes of one's youth.

Literary object 'wakaki hi no ayamachi'.

2

彼は自分の不正直さを悔いた。

He regretted his own dishonesty.

Noun 'fushoujikisa' (dishonesty).

3

今さら悔いても、失ったものは戻らない。

Even if you regret it now, what's lost won't return.

Idiomatic 'ima sara' (now at this late stage).

4

罪を悔いることで、心は軽くなる。

By repenting for one's sins, the heart becomes lighter.

Means/method 'koto de'.

5

一生悔いるようなことはしたくない。

I don't want to do anything I'll regret for the rest of my life.

Modifier 'isshou kuiru you na'.

6

彼は涙を流して過ちを悔いた。

He shed tears and repented for his mistake.

Sequential action 'te-form'.

7

悔いるべき点は多々ある。

There are many points that should be regretted.

Auxiliary 'beki' (should).

8

彼女は過去の自分を悔いているようだ。

It seems she is repenting for her past self.

Object 'kako no jibun'.

1

犯人は犯行を深く悔いていると述べた。

The perpetrator stated that they deeply regret the crime.

Indirect quotation 'to nobeta'.

2

一生悔いることのない道を選びなさい。

Choose a path that you will never regret for the rest of your life.

Relative clause with 'no' as subject marker.

3

裏切りを悔い、彼は友に謝罪した。

Regretting the betrayal, he apologized to his friend.

Stem form 'kui' used as a conjunction.

4

その決断を悔いる日は二度と来ないだろう。

The day to regret that decision will likely never come again.

Future conjecture 'darou'.

5

彼は自らの不徳を悔い、公職を辞した。

He repented for his lack of virtue and resigned from public office.

Formal noun 'futoku'.

6

悔いる心があるなら、やり直せるはずだ。

If you have a repentant heart, you should be able to start over.

Conditional 'nara' + expectation 'hazu'.

7

過去を悔いるよりも、未来を築くべきだ。

Rather than regretting the past, one should build the future.

Comparison 'yori mo'.

8

彼は死の間際まで、あの日の嘘を悔いていた。

He regretted the lie of that day until the very moment of his death.

Time limit 'made'.

1

漱石の小説には、過去を悔いる男たちが数多く登場する。

In Soseki's novels, many men who repent for their past appear.

Cultural reference to Natsume Soseki.

2

悔いることの痛みを知ってこそ、人は成長する。

Only by knowing the pain of repentance does a person grow.

Emphasis 'shitte koso'.

3

彼は自らの傲慢さを悔い、謙虚な生活を始めた。

He repented for his own arrogance and began a humble life.

Abstract noun 'goumansa'.

4

悔いても悔いきれないほどの過ちを犯した。

I committed a mistake so great that I cannot fully repent for it.

Potential negative 'kui-kirenai' (cannot finish/fully).

5

歴史の闇を悔いることなくして、平和は語れない。

Peace cannot be discussed without repenting for the darkness of history.

Double negative 'naku shite ... nai'.

6

その沈黙は、彼が深く悔いている証拠だった。

That silence was proof that he was deeply repenting.

Noun phrase 'kuite iru shouko'.

7

悔いるという行為は、自己との対話である。

The act of repenting is a dialogue with oneself.

Defining 'to iu koui'.

8

彼は悔いる間もなく、この世を去った。

He left this world without even having time to repent.

Negative 'mo naku' (without even).

1

悔悟の念に駆られ、彼は自ら警察に出頭した。

Driven by a sense of repentance, he turned himself in to the police.

Idiom 'nen ni karare' (driven by a feeling).

2

万死に値する罪を悔いる術は、もはや残されていない。

There is no longer any way to repent for a crime deserving of ten thousand deaths.

Hyperbolic 'banshi ni atai suru'.

3

彼は己の不作為を悔い、残りの人生を償いに捧げた。

He repented for his own inaction and dedicated the rest of his life to atonement.

Legal/Formal term 'fusakui' (inaction/omission).

4

悔いるという情念が、彼の文学の根底に流れている。

The passion of repentance flows at the base of his literature.

Abstract 'jounen' (passion/sentiment).

5

歴史を直視し、過ちを悔いる勇気が必要だ。

Courage to look history in the eye and repent for mistakes is necessary.

Parallel verbs 'chokushi shi' and 'kuiru'.

6

悔いることさえ許されないほどの惨状を前に、彼は立ち尽くした。

Facing a disaster so horrific that even repentance wasn't permitted, he stood frozen.

Emphasis 'sae' + 'yurusarenai'.

7

自らの魂の汚れを悔いる姿は、崇高でさえあった。

The sight of him repenting for the stain on his soul was even sublime.

Metaphorical 'tamashii no kegare'.

8

悔いるという心の自浄作用が、文明を支えてきた。

The heart's self-purifying function called repentance has supported civilization.

Complex noun phrase 'jijou sayou'.

자주 쓰는 조합

過ちを悔いる
罪を悔いる
深く悔いる
今さら悔いても
一生悔いる
己を悔いる
過去を悔いる
心から悔いる
悔いる色
悔いる間もなく

자주 쓰는 구문

悔いるところがない

— To have nothing to repent for; to have a clear conscience.

私の人生に悔いるところはない。

悔いても始まらない

— Regretting won't help; it's no use crying over spilled milk.

悔いても始まらないから、次へ行こう。

悔い改めてください

— Please repent and change your ways; often used in religious contexts.

過ちを認め、悔い改めてください。

悔いる心

— A repentant heart; the feeling of remorse.

彼には悔いる心がないようだ。

悔いなき人生

— A life without regrets; often a personal goal.

悔いなき人生を送りたい。

自分を悔いる

— To regret one's own existence or past self.

かつての自分を悔いる。

悔いるべきこと

— Something that should be regretted.

それは悔いるべきことではない。

悔いる暇

— Time to regret.

悔いる暇もないほど忙しい。

悔いる声

— A voice filled with remorse.

彼は悔いる声で謝った。

悔いる姿

— The sight of someone repenting.

彼の悔いる姿に心打たれた。

자주 혼동되는 단어

悔いる vs 悔しい (kuyashii)

Kuyashii is frustration from losing; Kuiru is remorse for doing wrong.

悔いる vs 悔やむ (kuyamu)

Kuyamu is for mourning or grieving; Kuiru is for repenting one's own actions.

悔いる vs 食いる (kuiru)

An archaic/rare reading for 'eating into' something; context prevents confusion.

관용어 및 표현

"悔い改める"

— To repent and mend one's ways. This is a very common compound verb.

心を入れ替えて悔い改める。

Formal/Moral
"悔いに悔いる"

— To regret extremely; to regret over and over.

その失敗を悔いに悔いた。

Emphatic
"悔い千載に残す"

— To leave a regret for a thousand years; a regret that lasts forever.

この失敗は悔いを千載に残すだろう。

Literary/Archaic
"悔いても追いつかず"

— It is too late to repent (one cannot catch up to the past).

悔いても追いつかず、彼は去った。

Proverbial
"死んでも悔いない"

— I wouldn't regret it even if I died; I am that committed.

この道を選んだことを死んでも悔いない。

Determined
"悔い多き人生"

— A life full of regrets.

私の人生は悔い多きものだった。

Reflective
"悔いを残す"

— To leave regrets behind; to not have done something fully.

悔いを残さないように全力を出す。

Common
"悔いなく終える"

— To finish something without any lingering regrets.

高校生活を悔いなく終えた。

Common
"悔い先に立たず"

— Regret never comes first (it always comes too late).

「後悔先に立たず」と同じ意味で使われる。

Proverbial
"悔いを噛む"

— To bite down on one's regret; to feel deep, bitter remorse.

一人で悔いを噛み締める。

Literary

혼동하기 쉬운

悔いる vs 後悔 (koukai)

Both mean regret.

Koukai is general and logical; Kuiru is moral and emotional.

Koukai for a bad purchase; Kuiru for a lie.

悔いる vs 懺悔 (zange)

Both mean repent.

Zange is the formal act of confession; Kuiru is the internal feeling.

Zange in a church; Kuiru in your heart.

悔いる vs 反省 (hansei)

Both involve looking back.

Hansei is constructive and practical; Kuiru is emotional and sorrowful.

Hansei to do better next time; Kuiru because you feel bad.

悔いる vs 悔悟 (kaigo)

Both mean remorse.

Kaigo is a formal noun; Kuiru is the verb.

The criminal showed kaigo (remorse).

悔いる vs 遺憾 (ikan)

Both used in formal apologies.

Ikan is 'regrettable' (often used by politicians to avoid blame); Kuiru is personal repentance.

Ikan for the situation; Kuiru for my action.

문장 패턴

A2

N を 悔いる

間違いを悔いる。

B1

N を 深く 悔いている

過去を深く悔いている。

B1

～た ことを 悔いる

嘘をついたことを悔いる。

B2

～ても 悔いはない

失敗しても悔いはない。

B2

悔いる ほど の N

悔いるほどの過ち。

C1

悔い 改める べきだ

生活を悔い改めるべきだ。

C1

悔いる 術 も ない

悔いる術も残されていない。

C2

悔悟 の 念 に ～

悔悟の念に駆られる。

어휘 가족

명사

悔い (kui - regret)
悔悟 (kaigo - repentance)
後悔 (koukai - regret)
懺悔 (zange - confession)

동사

悔い改める (kui-aratameru - to repent and reform)
悔やむ (kuyamu - to lament)
悔しがる (kuyashigaru - to be frustrated)

형용사

悔しい (kuyashii - frustrating)
悔いない (kuinai - regretless)

관련

反省 (reflection)
謝罪 (apology)
償い (atonement)
過ち (mistake)
罪 (sin)
무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

frequency

Medium (Common in literature/media, rare in casual talk).

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 'kuiru' for frustration. → kuyashii

    If you lost a game, you are 'kuyashii'. You only 'kuiru' if you cheated.

  • Conjugating as 'kuitta'. → kuita

    It's an Ichidan verb, so just remove 'ru' and add 'ta'.

  • Using 'kuiru' for cold weather. → koukai suru / zannen

    You can't 'repent' for the weather; it's not a moral choice.

  • Confusing 'kuiru' with 'kuu' (to eat). → kuiru (regret)

    The pronunciation is different, and 'kuiru' is much longer.

  • Saying 'kuiru ni naru'. → kuiru

    You don't 'become' regret; you just 'regret' (verb).

팁

Check the Weight

Before using 'kuiru', ask if the mistake is 'heavy' (moral) or 'light' (situational). Only use it for heavy things.

Heart + Every

Remember the kanji by thinking of a heart that feels regret every day.

State of Being

Use 'kuite iru' if the person has been regretting it for a long time.

Pair with Adverbs

Always try to use 'fukaku' (deeply) with 'kuiru' to sound more natural.

Internal vs External

Kuiru is internal (conscience). Kuyashii is external (frustration).

Literary Tone

Use 'kuiru' in creative writing to give your characters more emotional depth.

The Sincerity Factor

In Japan, showing that you 'kuiru' is often more important than the actual apology words.

News Keywords

If you hear 'kuiru' on the news, it's almost always about a crime or a major social error.

Avoid Drama

Don't use 'kuiru' for things like 'I regret not going to the party.' It sounds like you're in a soap opera.

Opposite of Pride

Think of 'kuiru' as the opposite of being 'hokoru' (proud) of your actions.

암기하기

기억법

Imagine your heart (忄) feeling bad 'every' (毎) day. That is 'kuiru' (悔いる). It's not just a one-time 'sorry', it's a daily regret.

시각적 연상

A person kneeling in a dark room with a single candle, looking at a letter they wrote but never sent. The atmosphere is heavy and silent.

Word Web

Heart Past Mistake Sincerity Remorse Change Pain Conscience

챌린지

Try to write a diary entry about a 'B1 level' mistake (like losing a borrowed book) and use 'kuiru' to show how much you care about the person.

어원

Derived from Old Japanese. The verb 'kuiru' has been used for centuries to describe the internal pain of a moral error.

원래 의미: To feel pain in the heart due to one's own actions.

Japonic

문화적 맥락

Be careful using 'kuiru' for others' actions. It can sound accusatory if you say 'You should kuiru.' It is best used for self-reflection.

English speakers often use 'regret' for everything. In Japanese, you must separate 'I regret the weather' from 'I repent my sins.'

Natsume Soseki's 'Kokoro' (The protagonist lives a life of 'kuiru'). Buddhism's 'Zange' rituals. Traditional Enka songs about 'kuiru' past loves.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Legal/Courtroom

  • 罪を悔いる
  • 反省の情
  • 深く悔悟する
  • 更生の意志

Literature/Storytelling

  • 過去を悔いる
  • 悔いなき死
  • 若き日の過ち
  • 心に悔い

Apologies

  • 深く悔いております
  • 悔い改めます
  • 自分のしたことを悔いる
  • 二度と繰り返さない

Philosophical reflection

  • 人生を悔いる
  • 悔いなき人生
  • 己を悔いる
  • 悔いることの価値

Religious settings

  • 罪を悔い改める
  • 懺悔
  • 神に悔いる
  • 心の清め

대화 시작하기

"過去に、深く悔いていることはありますか？ (Is there anything from your past you deeply regret?)"

"「悔いなき人生」を送るためには、何が大切だと思いますか？ (What do you think is important to live a 'life without regrets'?)"

"過ちを悔いる人と、そうでない人の違いは何でしょうか？ (What is the difference between someone who repents and someone who doesn't?)"

"どうすれば、過去の自分を悔いずにいられますか？ (How can one avoid regretting their past self?)"

"「後悔」と「悔いる」の違いについて、どう思いますか？ (What do you think about the difference between 'koukai' and 'kuiru'?)"

일기 주제

自分が今、一番悔いていることを書いてください。それをどう償いたいですか？ (Write about what you regret most now. How do you want to make up for it?)

「悔いなき人生」という言葉を聞いて、どんなイメージを持ちますか？ (What image do you have when you hear the phrase 'a life without regrets'?)

誰かにひどいことをして、悔いた経験はありますか？その時どうしましたか？ (Have you ever done something terrible to someone and regretted it? What did you do then?)

過去の過ちを悔いることは、未来のために必要だと思いますか？ (Do you think repenting for past mistakes is necessary for the future?)

もし時間を戻せるとしたら、どの「悔い」を消したいですか？ (If you could turn back time, which 'regret' would you want to erase?)

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, it sounds too dramatic. For small things like spilling coffee, use 'zannen' or 'koukai suru'.

'Kuiyameru' isn't a standard word. You likely mean 'kui-aratameru,' which means to repent and change your behavior for the better.

It is transitive and takes the particle 'o' (e.g., ayamachi o kuiru). However, the object is sometimes omitted in literary contexts.

You can say 'kui wa nai' (no regrets) or 'koukai wa nai'.

Yes, very often! Especially when a villain realizes their mistakes or a hero laments failing to save someone.

Yes, it is an Ichidan (ru-verb). Conjugation: kuiru, kuimasu, kuinai, kuita.

No, that is 'kuyashii.' Using 'kuiru' means you feel guilty, not frustrated.

No, despite the similar sound, they use different kanji and have different roots.

The particle 'o' is used for the thing you regret.

It's rare in casual daily talk but common in serious, deep conversations or formal speeches.

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기

셀프 테스트 180 질문

writing

Translate to Japanese: 'He deeply regrets his past mistakes.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'I want to live a life with no regrets.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'It is too late to repent now.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'He repented for his sins.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'There is nothing to regret.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'She is repenting in her heart.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'I don't want to regret it for a lifetime.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'Please repent for your mistakes.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'He shed tears and repented.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'The perpetrator is deeply repenting.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Use 'kuiru' in a sentence about a lie.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Use 'kuiru' in a sentence about youth.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Use 'kuiru' in a sentence about a choice.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Use 'kuiru' with the adverb 'fukaku'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Use 'kuiru' in the negative potential form (cannot regret enough).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a formal apology sentence using 'kuiru'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence using 'kuiru' and 'nagara'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence using 'kuiru' and 'beki'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence about a criminal repenting.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence about a life lesson using 'kuiru'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Describe a time you felt 'kuiru' (in Japanese).

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Explain the difference between 'koukai' and 'kuiru' (in Japanese).

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Do you think it's possible to live a 'kui naki jinsei'?

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

How do you show someone that you are 'kuite iru'?

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

What kind of mistakes are worth 'kuiru'?

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Roleplay: You are a character in a drama repenting for a lie.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Talk about a famous person who had to 'kuiru' their actions.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Give advice to a friend who is 'kuite iru' too much.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Discuss the importance of 'kuiru' in Japanese society.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

What would you say to your past self if they were 'kuite iru'?

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the verb: 'Kare wa ayamachi o kuite iru.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the adverb: 'Fukaku kuite imasu.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the object: 'Tsumi o kuiru.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the tense: 'Jibun no ayamachi o kuita.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen to the tone: Is the speaker angry or remorseful? 'Hontou ni kuite imasu...'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Identify the phrase: 'Kui naki jinsei.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Identify the compound verb: 'Kui-aratameru.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Identify the context: 'Hikoku wa ayamachi o fukaku kuite iru.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Identify the feeling: 'Ima sara kuite mo...' (Regret or Joy?)

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Identify the subject: 'Kanojo wa kako o kuite iru.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'He turned himself in, driven by remorse.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence with 'kuiru' and 'koto'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Identify: 'Kare no kui wa fukai.' (Is 'kui' a noun or verb here?)

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write 'I repent' in formal polite Japanese.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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