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B1 adjective 15분 분량

恨めしい

urameshii
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설명 恨めしい in your Level:
At the A1 level, the focus is on understanding and using very basic vocabulary and phrases. Words like 'urameshii' are beyond the scope of A1 learners, as they involve complex emotional concepts and nuanced expressions. A1 learners are still building foundational vocabulary related to greetings, personal information, and immediate surroundings.
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A2 learners can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance. While they might encounter simple words for emotions like 'happy' (嬉しい - ureshii) or 'sad' (悲しい - kanashii), the complex emotional state described by 'urameshii' is still too advanced. They are learning to communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters.
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At the B1 level, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. 'Urameshii' falls within the B1 range as it describes a complex emotion that can be understood when encountered in context, such as in stories or discussions about personal experiences. Learners at this level can begin to grasp the nuances of such words.
B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialisation. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. 'Urameshii' can be used by B2 learners to express nuanced negative emotions, and they can understand its usage in more complex literary or dramatic contexts.
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C1 learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. 'Urameshii' is a word that C1 learners can use with precision to convey sophisticated emotional states in writing and speech, understanding its full range of connotations and appropriate contexts.
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C2 learners have virtually native-level comprehension of spoken and written language. They can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarise information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. At this level, 'urameshii' would be fully integrated into their vocabulary, used with complete mastery of its nuances and in a wide array of contexts, including highly idiomatic and literary uses.
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恨めしい 30초 만에

  • Expresses deep resentment and bitterness.
  • Often linked to past wrongs or misfortunes.
  • Carries a sense of regret and lingering anger.
恨めしい (urameshii) is an adjective that describes a complex emotional state characterized by deep resentment, bitterness, and a sense of regret. It's more than just being angry; it implies a lingering feeling of being wronged or unfairly treated, often directed towards a person, a group, or even fate itself. Imagine a situation where someone feels betrayed or has suffered a significant loss due to another's actions or circumstances beyond their control. This is where 'urameshii' comes into play. It's the feeling of looking back at that event or person with a heavy heart, filled with a mixture of animosity and sorrow. For instance, a person who lost their livelihood due to a corrupt official might feel 'urameshii' towards that official. Similarly, someone who was promised a promotion but was unfairly passed over could harbor 'urameshii' feelings towards their colleagues or superiors. The word carries a sense of lament for what could have been and a sharp sting of injustice. It's a word that often surfaces when reflecting on past grievances that continue to cause emotional pain. The 'shii' ending is characteristic of adjectives that describe emotions or states of being. It's important to distinguish 'urameshii' from simple anger. While anger is a more immediate reaction, 'urameshii' suggests a more sustained and profound emotional wound. It's the kind of feeling that can fester over time, coloring one's perception of the past and even the present. Think of it as a bitter taste that remains long after the event has passed. This emotional weight makes 'urameshii' a powerful descriptor for a particularly poignant form of negative emotion. It's the feeling of a lost opportunity, a broken promise, or an unacknowledged hurt that continues to sting. The word itself hints at the 'ura' (裏), meaning 'back' or 'hidden,' suggesting a feeling that is not openly expressed but simmers beneath the surface.
Key Nuances
'Urameshii' often implies a sense of helplessness or powerlessness in the face of the situation that caused the resentment, adding to the bitterness.
It's a feeling that can be directed at individuals, groups, societal structures, or even abstract concepts like fate.

Those who were unjustly accused felt 恨めしい towards the accuser.

Emotional Spectrum
It sits somewhere between disappointment, anger, and a deep sense of loss.
It's a sentiment that can be difficult to let go of, making it a powerful descriptor of lingering negative emotions.

The abandoned child felt 恨めしい towards their parents.

Usage Scenarios
Used when discussing past injustices, betrayals, or significant misfortunes that have left a lasting negative impression.
Common in literature, drama, and personal narratives to convey deep emotional pain.

He looked at the ruined city with 恨めしい eyes.

Using 恨めしい (urameshii) effectively requires understanding the context of deep-seated resentment and regret. It's typically used to describe a strong negative emotion directed towards someone or something that has caused significant pain or disappointment. When constructing sentences, consider the source of this feeling. Is it a person's actions, a societal issue, or an unfortunate turn of events? The adjective usually modifies a noun referring to a feeling, gaze, or a general state of mind. For example, one might describe a '恨めしい気持ち' (urameshii kimochi) – a resentful feeling. Or, someone might cast a '恨めしい視線' (urameshii shisen) – a resentful gaze. It can also describe a situation that evokes such feelings. For instance, 'あの出来事は本当に恨めしい' (Ano dekigoto wa hontō ni urameshii) – 'That event is truly regrettable/resentful.' When expressing this emotion, it's common to use it with verbs like '感じる' (kanjiru - to feel) or '思う' (omou - to think/feel). For instance, '彼に対して恨めしいものを感じた' (Kare ni taishite urameshii mono o kanjita) – 'I felt something resentful towards him.' The adjective can also directly describe a person's state, though this is less common than describing a feeling or an action. For example, '彼は恨めしそうな顔をしていた' (Kare wa urameshisō na kao o shite ita) – 'He had a resentful-looking face.' The 'sou' suffix (～そう) is often added to adjectives to indicate 'looks like' or 'seems,' making it softer than a direct statement of the feeling. It's crucial to remember that 'urameshii' carries a heavy emotional weight. It's not a casual term. Therefore, its usage should reflect the gravity of the situation. Avoid using it for minor annoyances or fleeting disappointments. The word implies a lasting impact and a profound sense of injustice or loss. Think about the narrative you want to convey. Is it a story of betrayal, a lament for lost opportunities, or a cry against unfairness? 'Urameshii' can powerfully articulate these sentiments. Consider the grammatical structure: it functions as a standard i-adjective, so it can be used predicatively (e.g., ～は恨めしい) or attributively (e.g., 恨めしい～). The context will dictate which is more appropriate. For instance, describing a situation as '恨めしい' directly states the nature of the situation. Describing a '恨めしい思い' (urameshii omoi) focuses on the internal feeling experienced by the subject. The nuances are subtle but important for accurate expression. It's also worth noting that 'urameshii' can be used sarcastically, though this requires a very specific context and tone. Generally, its straightforward meaning is one of genuine, deep-seated negative emotion. When learning, practicing with various sentence structures will help solidify your understanding. Pay attention to the objects of the resentment – what or who is causing this 'urameshii' feeling? This will often be indicated by particles like 'に' (ni) or 'を' (o) depending on the verb or phrasing. For example, 'あの時の仕打ちが恨めしい' (Ano toki no shiuchi ga urameshii) – 'The treatment at that time is regrettable/resentful.' Here, '仕打ち' (shiuchi - treatment/actions) is the direct cause.
Common Structures
Noun + が恨めしい (e.g., その結果が恨めしい - That result is regrettable.)
～に対して恨めしい気持ちを抱く (e.g., 友人に対して恨めしい気持ちを抱いた - I harbored resentful feelings towards my friend.)

The artist felt 恨めしい towards the critics who misunderstood their work.

Expressing Intensity
Adverbs like '非常に' (hijō ni - extremely) or 'とても' (totemo - very) can be used to amplify the feeling, but 'urameshii' itself is already quite strong.
Phrases like '～ずにはいられない' (zu ni wa irarenai - cannot help but do/feel) can be used to show an overwhelming sense of resentment.

I can't help but feel 恨めしい about the lost opportunity.

恨めしい (urameshii) is a word that resonates deeply in contexts where human emotions, particularly those stemming from hardship and injustice, are explored. You'll frequently encounter it in Japanese literature, especially in novels and short stories that delve into personal struggles, historical dramas, or tales of revenge and redemption. Authors use 'urameshii' to paint a vivid picture of a character's inner turmoil and their lingering pain from past events. Think of classic Japanese novels where characters grapple with societal pressures, personal betrayals, or the consequences of war; 'urameshii' is often the perfect descriptor for their emotional state. Beyond literature, this word is a staple in Japanese cinema and television dramas. Whether it's a historical epic depicting the suffering of common people, a modern drama about broken relationships, or a suspense thriller involving past grievances, 'urameshii' helps convey the depth of characters' negative emotions. A character might gaze 'urameshii' at their rival, or a narrator might describe a past event as 'urameshii.' It's a word that adds significant emotional weight to the narrative. In traditional Japanese theater, such as Kabuki or Noh, where emotions are often exaggerated for dramatic effect, 'urameshii' is a powerful tool to express profound sorrow and resentment. The stylized performances can amplify the feeling, making it palpable for the audience. You might also hear it in traditional folk songs or ballads that tell stories of hardship, loss, and unfulfilled desires. These songs often reflect the collective experiences of communities facing difficult times, and 'urameshii' captures that shared sense of lament. In everyday conversation, while perhaps less frequently used than in dramatic contexts, 'urameshii' can surface when people discuss significant personal setbacks or injustices they have experienced. For instance, someone who feels they were unfairly dismissed from a job might express 'urameshii' feelings towards their former employer. It's a word that signifies a mature, though painful, emotional reflection rather than a fleeting burst of anger. It's also a term that can be found in historical accounts or personal memoirs where individuals recount their experiences of hardship and injustice. The retrospective nature of 'urameshii' makes it suitable for reflecting on past events that continue to hold emotional significance. When listening to news reports or documentaries about social issues or historical injustices, you might hear experts or individuals affected by these events use 'urameshii' to articulate their feelings. It lends a sense of profound and justified grievance to their statements. The word's emotional depth makes it a valuable asset in conveying complex human experiences, particularly those involving a sense of being wronged. It's a testament to the richness of the Japanese language in capturing nuanced emotional states. Even in modern song lyrics or poetry, 'urameshii' can be found, often used to express a melancholic yearning or a bitter reflection on love, loss, or societal unfairness. The word's evocative power ensures its continued relevance in artistic expression.
Literary and Dramatic Usage
Frequently appears in novels, plays, and films to describe characters' deep-seated negative emotions stemming from past grievances.
Adds emotional depth and realism to character portrayals, especially in historical or tragic narratives.

The old samurai harbored a 恨めしい feeling towards the clan that betrayed him.

Traditional Arts and Music
Used in traditional theater (Kabuki, Noh) and folk songs to convey intense sorrow and resentment.
Reflects shared community experiences of hardship and unfulfilled desires.

The folk song spoke of a farmer's 恨めしい life after the famine.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with 恨めしい (urameshii) is confusing it with simpler negative emotions like anger or disappointment. While 'urameshii' certainly contains elements of both, it's a more complex and profound feeling. It implies a lingering bitterness and a sense of being wronged that persists over time, often with a degree of regret. Simply calling something 'angry' (怒っている - okotte iru) or 'disappointing' (残念 - zannen) doesn't capture the depth of 'urameshii.' For instance, if your train is delayed, you might feel angry or disappointed, but it's unlikely to be 'urameshii.' 'Urameshii' is reserved for more significant grievances. Another pitfall is using it for minor annoyances. If someone cuts you off in traffic, you might be annoyed, but calling that feeling 'urameshii' would be an overstatement. The word demands a certain weight and seriousness in the situation. Overusing it or using it in trivial contexts dilutes its impact and can make your Japanese sound unnatural. Learners might also misuse the grammatical structure. While 'urameshii' is an adjective, simply attaching it to any noun might not be grammatically correct or semantically appropriate. It often modifies nouns that describe feelings (気持ち - kimochi), states (状況 - jōkyō), or actions (仕打ち - shiuchi). For example, saying '恨めしい天気' (urameshii tenki - resentful weather) is generally not how the word is used. Weather might be 'bad' (悪い - warui) or 'unpleasant' (不快 - fukai), but 'urameshii' requires a cause involving human action or a perceived injustice. A related mistake is failing to distinguish 'urameshii' from '憎い' (nikui - hateful) or '嫌い' (kirai - dislike). 'Nikui' implies strong hatred, often with a desire for harm, while 'kirai' is a more general dislike. 'Urameshii' is more about the bitterness and regret stemming from a past wrong. It's about feeling wronged rather than simply disliking someone. Furthermore, learners might directly translate English phrases without considering the cultural nuances. For example, in English, we might say 'I regret it' or 'It's a shame,' but the specific type of regret or shame might be better captured by 'urameshii' in Japanese. Conversely, translating 'urameshii' too literally as just 'regrettable' misses the crucial element of resentment and bitterness. The word inherently carries a sense of personal grievance. Finally, some learners might struggle with the appropriate level of formality. While 'urameshii' is not overly formal, it's not typically used in very casual, lighthearted conversations unless there's a specific dramatic or ironic intent. Using it in a situation that calls for a more casual expression like '残念' can sound overly dramatic or even pretentious. Always consider the context and the relationship with the person you are speaking to. It's a word that expresses a significant emotional burden, so its use should be deliberate and mindful of the situation's gravity.
Mistake 1: Confusing with Simple Anger
Using 'urameshii' for everyday anger or frustration, when it implies deeper, lingering bitterness from a perceived injustice.
Correct: Use for significant grievances, betrayals, or unfortunate events that have caused lasting pain.

Incorrect: Train delay is 恨めしい. Correct: Train delay is 残念 (zannen) or 腹が立つ (hara ga tatsu).

Mistake 2: Incorrect Grammatical Attachment
Attaching 'urameshii' to nouns that don't logically fit the meaning of resentment or regret, such as inanimate objects or neutral situations.
Correct: Use with nouns related to feelings, actions, or situations that clearly involve a perceived injustice.

Incorrect: 恨めしい天気. Correct: 恨めしい仕打ち (urameshii shiuchi - resentful treatment).

Understanding the nuances of 恨めしい (urameshii) is best achieved by comparing it with similar words. While 'urameshii' conveys deep resentment and regret from a perceived wrong, other words capture different facets of negative emotions. 憎い (nikui): This word means 'hateful' or 'detestable.' It expresses a strong, often visceral, feeling of hatred towards someone or something. The focus is on the intensity of dislike and a potential desire for the object of hatred to suffer. While 'urameshii' can involve a desire for the other party to acknowledge their wrongdoing, 'nikui' is more about pure aversion and animosity. 嫌い (kirai): This is a more general term for 'dislike' or 'disagreeable.' It's much milder than 'urameshii' or 'nikui' and can be used for anything from a disliked food to a person you simply don't get along with. It lacks the depth of bitterness and regret inherent in 'urameshii.' 残念 (zannen): This translates to 'regrettable,' 'unfortunate,' or 'a pity.' It expresses disappointment or sadness about a situation, but it doesn't carry the same sting of personal grievance or bitterness as 'urameshii.' You might say '残念' about a canceled event, but 'urameshii' would be used if the cancellation was due to someone's malicious action that caused you significant harm. 悔しい (kuyashii): This word means 'frustrating,' 'vexing,' or 'mortifying.' It's often used when one feels frustrated by a lack of success or by being defeated, especially when one feels they should have done better or were unfairly treated in a competitive context. While 'kuyashii' can overlap with 'urameshii' in situations of unfairness, 'kuyashii' often focuses more on the frustration of not achieving a goal or being bested, whereas 'urameshii' emphasizes the bitterness of being wronged. 不満 (fuman): This means 'dissatisfaction' or 'complaint.' It's a general feeling of not being pleased with something. 'Fuman' can be a precursor to 'urameshii,' but it lacks the emotional depth and the specific implication of a past wrong that defines 'urameshii.' 同情 (dōjō): This means 'sympathy' or 'compassion.' It's the opposite of the negative emotions associated with 'urameshii.' 恨む (urasu): This is the verb form, meaning 'to hate,' 'to resent,' or 'to bear a grudge.' 'Urameshii' is the adjective derived from this verb, describing the state of feeling that way. So, while 'urasu' is the action of resenting, 'urameshii' describes the feeling itself. Object of Resentment:
恨めしい (urameshii)
Focuses on deep, lingering bitterness and regret due to a perceived injustice or misfortune.
Implies a sense of being wronged and a lament for past circumstances.
Often carries a feeling of powerlessness or helplessness against the cause of the resentment.
憎い (nikui)
Focuses on intense hatred and aversion.
Implies a strong desire for the object of hatred to suffer or be eliminated.
More visceral and less about regret than 'urameshii'.
残念 (zannen)
Focuses on disappointment, pity, or sadness about an unfortunate outcome.
Lacks the element of personal grievance or bitterness found in 'urameshii'.
Can be used for minor setbacks or unfortunate events.

The feeling of being cheated out of a promotion is 恨めしい, while a canceled holiday is 残念.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The kanji 恨 itself is composed of 'heart' (心) and 'bad' (早), suggesting a heart that feels bad or is troubled. This visual representation can help in remembering the negative emotional core of the word. Another interesting aspect is the connection to the concept of 'ura' (裏), meaning 'back' or 'hidden.' This implies that the resentment associated with 'urameshii' is often a simmering, internal feeling rather than an overt outburst of anger.

발음 가이드

UK /uɾaˈmeʃi/
US /uɾaˈmeʃi/
The stress falls on the second syllable, 'me'. (u-RA-me-shi)
라임이 맞는 단어
ameshi kameshi nameshi tameshi hageshi magureshi kuroshi shiroshi
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing 'ra' as a hard 'r' sound instead of a flap.
  • Misplacing the stress on a different syllable.
  • Pronouncing 'shi' as 'si' or 'çi'.

난이도

독해 3/5

At B1 CEFR level, understanding 'urameshii' in written text requires grasping nuanced emotional states. Learners might encounter it in narratives, articles discussing social issues, or personal essays. Comprehension depends on context and familiarity with related vocabulary. Recognizing the depth of bitterness and regret is key.

쓰기 3/5

Producing 'urameshii' accurately in writing requires a good understanding of its emotional weight and appropriate contexts. Learners need to avoid overusing it for minor issues and ensure it fits the intended tone, often found in more serious or reflective writing.

말하기 3/5

Using 'urameshii' in spoken Japanese demands careful consideration of the situation and relationship with the listener. It's a strong emotion, and its use should be deliberate. Learners might hesitate to use it due to its intensity, preferring milder expressions unless the context is appropriate.

듣기 3/5

Recognizing 'urameshii' in spoken Japanese requires attentive listening for its specific pronunciation and context. Native speakers might use it in dramatic situations, personal anecdotes, or discussions about past grievances. Understanding the underlying emotion is crucial for comprehension.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

悲しい (kanashii) - sad 残念 (zannen) - regrettable, unfortunate 怒る (okoru) - to get angry 不満 (fuman) - dissatisfaction 後悔 (kōkai) - regret

다음에 배울 것

憎い (nikui) - hateful 恨む (uramu) - to hate, to resent 恨み (urami) - resentment, grudge 腹が立つ (hara ga tatsu) - to get angry 皮肉 (hiniku) - irony, sarcasm

고급

義理 (giri) - duty, obligation 人情 (ninjō) - human feeling, sympathy 無念 (munen) - regret, disappointment (often in a competitive context) 遺恨 (ikō) - lingering grudge, bad blood

알아야 할 문법

i-Adjective Conjugation

恨めしい (base form) -> 恨めしかった (past tense) -> 恨めしくない (negative form) -> 恨めしかった (past negative)

Using ～そう (sou) to indicate appearance

彼は恨めしそうに私を見た。(Kare wa urameshisō ni watashi o mita.) - He looked at me resentfully.

Using ～気分 (kibun) or ～気持ち (kimochi) with adjectives

恨めしい気持ちになった。(Urameshii kimochi ni natta.) - I felt a resentful feeling.

Using particles like が (ga) and に (ni) to indicate the object of resentment

あの仕打ちが恨めしい。(Ano shiuchi ga urameshii.) - That treatment is resentful. / 友人に対して恨めしい。(Yūjin ni taishite urameshii.) - Resentful towards my friend.

Using adverbs to modify adjectives

彼は非常に恨めしそうだった。(Kare wa hijō ni urameshisō datta.) - He looked extremely resentful.

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수준별 예문

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1

友達が約束を破った。残念だ。

My friend broke their promise. That's regrettable.

Uses 残念 (zannen) for simple disappointment.

2

あの映画は面白くなかった。

That movie was not interesting.

Simple negative statement about a non-event.

3

遅刻してすみません。

I'm sorry for being late.

Basic apology for a minor inconvenience.

4

雨だから、外で遊べない。

Because it's raining, I can't play outside.

Simple cause and effect related to weather.

5

このケーキは甘すぎる。

This cake is too sweet.

Simple description of taste.

6

あの人は親切じゃない。

That person is not kind.

Simple negative description of a person's character.

7

宿題を忘れた。

I forgot my homework.

Simple statement of forgetting.

8

疲れた。

I'm tired.

Basic statement of physical state.

1

彼が約束を破ったのは、本当に恨めしい。

It's truly regrettable/resentful that he broke his promise.

Uses 恨めしい to express disappointment from a broken promise, implying a deeper feeling than just 'zannen'.

2

あの時の不公平な扱いは、今でも恨めしい。

The unfair treatment at that time is still regrettable/resentful even now.

Expresses lingering resentment towards past unfairness.

3

友人の裏切りに、恨めしい気持ちを感じた。

I felt resentful towards my friend's betrayal.

Uses 恨めしい気持ち (resentful feeling) to describe the emotion.

4

計画が失敗したのは、誰かのせいだと恨めしく思った。

I resentfully thought that someone was to blame for the plan's failure.

Implies a belief that someone else caused the failure, leading to resentment.

5

才能があるのに、機会に恵まれず、恨めしい人生だ。

Despite having talent, not being blessed with opportunities makes for a regrettable/resentful life.

Describes a life situation as regrettable due to lack of opportunity.

6

あの時の選択が間違っていたと、今になって恨めしく思う。

Now, I regretfully think that the choice made at that time was wrong.

Expresses regret and bitterness over a past decision.

7

彼は、成功したライバルを恨めしそうに見つめた。

He gazed resentfully at his successful rival.

Uses 恨めしそう (resentful-looking) to describe a gaze.

8

失われた過去を思うと、ただ恨めしいだけだ。

Thinking of the lost past, I can only feel resentment/regret.

Expresses a general feeling of resentment towards a lost past.

1

長年の努力が認められず、彼は組織に対して恨めしい感情を抱いていた。

His years of effort were not recognized, and he harbored resentful feelings towards the organization.

Describes a sustained feeling of resentment towards an institution.

2

歴史の教科書に書かれていない、あの時代の不条理な出来事が恨めしい。

The absurd events of that era, not written in history textbooks, are regrettable/resentful.

Expresses resentment towards historical injustices that are often overlooked.

3

親の期待に応えられなかった自分を、恨めしく思った。

I felt resentful towards myself for not being able to meet my parents' expectations.

Self-directed resentment due to failing to meet expectations.

4

政情不安のため、故郷に帰れず、恨めしい思いを募らせている。

Unable to return to my hometown due to political instability, my feelings of resentment are growing.

Describes a growing sense of resentment due to external circumstances preventing return.

5

才能を無駄にしたという後悔は、彼の人生を恨めしいものにした。

The regret of wasting his talent made his life regrettable/resentful.

Connects wasted talent and regret to a life described as 'urameshii'.

6

彼の成功は、かつて自分を貶めた者たちへの恨めしい証となった。

His success became a resentful testament to those who had once belittled him.

Success is framed as a bitter 'proof' against past detractors.

7

自然災害の猛威を前に、人間の無力さを恨めしく感じた。

Facing the fury of natural disasters, I felt resentful of human powerlessness.

Resentment directed towards the limitations of humanity against nature.

8

不当な評価を受けた研究者は、学会に対して恨めしい視線を送った。

The researcher who received unfair evaluation cast a resentful gaze towards the academic society.

A formal context where resentment is expressed through a gaze.

1

社会構造の歪みがもたらした不条理は、多くの人々に恨めしい感情を抱かせている。

The absurdities brought about by the distortions in the social structure cause many people to harbor resentful feelings.

Expresses widespread resentment towards systemic societal issues.

2

彼の作品には、抑圧された過去への恨めしい鎮魂歌が込められている。

His work contains a resentful requiem for the oppressed past.

Literary use of 'urameshii' to describe a 'requiem' for the past.

3

運命のいたずらとしか言いようのない出来事に、彼はただ恨めしさを噛み締めるしかなかった。

Faced with events that could only be described as fate's cruel trick, he could only chew on his resentment/regret.

Describes a profound sense of regret and bitterness directed at fate itself.

4

その政治家の言葉は、国民の間に長らく燻る恨めしい感情を逆撫でるかのようだった。

The politician's words seemed to stir up the long-simmering resentful feelings among the people.

Describes words that inflame existing, deep-seated resentment.

5

失われた才能への後悔と、それを奪った者たちへの恨めしさが入り混じった複雑な表情を浮かべていた。

He wore a complex expression, a mixture of regret for lost talent and resentment towards those who had taken it away.

Describes a complex emotional state blending regret and resentment.

6

歴史の教訓を無視した結果、再び同じ過ちを繰り返すことへの恨めしさが募る。

Ignoring the lessons of history, resentment grows for repeating the same mistakes again.

Resentment directed towards the act of repeating past errors.

7

彼の芸術は、社会の無関心という冷たい壁に対する、恨めしい叫びであった。

His art was a resentful cry against the cold wall of societal indifference.

Art is described as a 'resentful cry' against societal indifference.

8

かつての栄光を失った王国の現状は、国民にとって恨めしい現実であった。

The current state of the kingdom, having lost its former glory, was a regrettable/resentful reality for its people.

Describes a national situation as a bitter reality.

1

その凋落ぶりは、かつての栄光を知る者にとっては、単なる悲劇ではなく、恨めしいまでの現実であった。

Its decline was not merely a tragedy for those who knew its former glory, but a reality that evoked profound resentment.

Emphasizes the profound and bitter nature of the reality of decline.

2

彼の詩は、運命の理不尽さに対する、痛切かつ恨めしいまでの抗議であった。

His poetry was a poignant and resentful protest against the irrationality of fate.

Poetry is characterized as a 'resentful protest' against fate.

3

社会の無関心という名の暗闇の中で、才能は静かに、しかし恨めしく腐っていった。

In the darkness called societal indifference, talent quietly, but resentfully, rotted away.

A metaphorical description of talent decaying due to indifference, with a sense of bitterness.

4

その決定は、多くの犠牲の上に成り立っており、その事実は関係者の心に恨めしい影を落とし続けた。

That decision was built upon many sacrifices, and the fact continued to cast a resentful shadow on the hearts of those involved.

Describes a decision's lingering negative impact as a 'resentful shadow'.

5

歴史の皮肉な巡り合わせは、しばしば勝利者の栄光の陰に、敗者の恨めしい嘆きを隠している。

The ironic turns of history often hide the resentful laments of the vanquished behind the glory of the victors.

Highlights the hidden 'resentful laments' of the defeated in historical narratives.

6

彼が抱くのは、単なる後悔ではなく、自己の限界に対する、深く、そして恨めしいまでの諦念であった。

What he held was not mere regret, but a deep and resentful resignation towards his own limitations.

Describes a complex emotional state of deep, bitter resignation.

7

その芸術作品は、社会の偽善に対する、痛烈な、そして恨めしい告発であった。

That work of art was a scathing and resentful indictment of societal hypocrisy.

Art as a 'resentful indictment' against hypocrisy.

8

失われた機会の数々は、彼の人生の随所に、恨めしい宝石のように散りばめられていた。

The numerous lost opportunities were scattered throughout his life like resentful jewels.

Metaphorical description of lost opportunities as 'resentful jewels'.

자주 쓰는 조합

恨めしい気持ち
恨めしい視線
恨めしい思い
恨めしい人生
恨めしい出来事
恨めしい仕打ち
恨めしい顔
恨めしい運命
恨めしい過去
恨めしく思う

자주 쓰는 구문

恨めしい気持ちになる

— To feel a sense of resentment or bitterness.

友達に裏切られた時、恨めしい気持ちになった。

恨めしい思いをする

— To experience a feeling of deep regret and bitterness.

不公平な扱いを受けて、恨めしい思いをした。

恨めしく思う

— To think of something or someone with resentment or bitterness.

なぜあの時、もっと強く言わなかったのか、恨めしく思う。

恨めしい視線を送る

— To cast a resentful or bitter gaze at someone or something.

彼は成功したライバルを恨めしい視線で見つめた。

恨めしい人生

— A life filled with regret and bitterness, often due to misfortune or unfulfilled potential.

才能がありながらも機会に恵まれず、恨めしい人生を送った。

恨めしい出来事

— An event that causes deep regret and lingering bitterness.

あの時の出来事は、今でも恨めしい出来事として心に残っている。

恨めしい仕打ち

— An act or treatment that is perceived as unjust and causes deep resentment.

彼からの恨めしい仕打ちを、私は決して忘れないだろう。

恨めしそうに見る

— To look at someone or something with a resentful or bitter expression.

彼は、自分の失敗を責めるように、資料を恨めしそうに見つめた。

恨めしい限りだ

— Extremely regrettable or resentful; beyond words.

努力が報われなかった結果は、恨めしい限りだ。

恨めしい運命

— A cruel or unfair destiny that evokes bitterness and regret.

逃れられない、恨めしい運命だと彼は感じていた。

자주 혼동되는 단어

恨めしい vs 残念 (zannen)

'Zannen' expresses simple regret or disappointment about an unfortunate event. 'Urameshii' goes deeper, involving bitterness and a sense of being wronged, often due to someone's actions or perceived injustice.

恨めしい vs 悔しい (kuyashii)

'Kuyashii' refers to frustration or mortification, often in competitive situations or when one feels they could have done better. 'Urameshii' focuses more on the bitterness of past grievances and betrayal.

恨めしい vs 憎い (nikui)

'Nikui' means 'hateful' and expresses intense animosity. While 'urameshii' involves resentment, it's often tinged with regret and a sense of loss, whereas 'nikui' is more about pure hatred.

관용어 및 표현

"恨み骨髄に徹す (うらみこつずいに徹す)"

— To hate someone to the bone; to have a deep-seated, ingrained hatred or resentment.

彼は長年、自分を陥れた人物を恨み骨髄に徹していた。

Literary/Formal
"恨みを買う (うらみ を かう)"

— To incur someone's hatred or resentment; to make an enemy.

彼の傲慢な態度は、多くの人から恨みを買った。

General
"恨み言を言う (うらみごと を いう)"

— To complain bitterly or to voice one's resentment.

彼は、自分の不運について恨み言を言っていた。

General
"恨みっこなし (うらみっこなし)"

— Let's not hold grudges; let's put our resentments behind us.

もう昔のことだ。恨みっこなしにしよう。

Informal/Colloquial
"恨み節 (うらみぶし)"

— A lament or song expressing bitterness and resentment.

彼女の歌は、いつも恨み節に満ちていた。

Literary/Figurative
"恨みつらみ"

— Complaints, grievances, and resentments; a litany of bitterness.

彼は、人生の不運について恨みつらみを並べた。

General
"恨みはらさずにはおかない (うらみはらさずにはおかない)"

— I will not rest until I have my revenge; I will surely avenge myself.

裏切られた怒りから、彼は恨みはらさずにはおかないと誓った。

Literary/Dramatic
"恨み言は聞きたくない"

— I don't want to hear your complaints or resentments.

もうその話は終わりだ。恨み言は聞きたくない。

General
"恨みを抱く (うらみ を いだく)"

— To harbor resentment or hatred.

彼は、幼い頃に受けた仕打ちに恨みを抱き続けていた。

General
"恨みつらみが多い人生"

— A life filled with many grievances and resentments.

彼の話を聞いていると、恨みつらみが多い人生を送ってきたことがわかる。

General

혼동하기 쉬운

恨めしい vs 残念 (zannen)

Both words can relate to negative feelings about a situation.

'Urameshii' implies a deep, lingering bitterness and a sense of personal grievance, often due to unfairness or betrayal. 'Zannen' is a milder expression of disappointment or regret about an unfortunate event, without the element of personal animosity or a feeling of being wronged.

試験に落ちたのは残念だ。(Shiken ni ochita no wa zannen da.) - It's regrettable that I failed the exam. / 彼に裏切られたのは恨めしい。(Kare ni uragirareta no wa urameshii.) - Being betrayed by him is resentful.

恨めしい vs 悔しい (kuyashii)

Both can be used when feeling that something is unfair or frustrating.

'Kuyashii' often expresses frustration or mortification, particularly in competitive contexts or when one feels they were defeated unfairly and should have won. 'Urameshii' focuses more on the deep-seated bitterness and regret stemming from a past wrong, betrayal, or misfortune, often with a sense of helplessness.

試合に負けて悔しい。(Shiai ni makete kuyashii.) - I'm frustrated/bitter about losing the match. / 彼の仕打ちは恨めしい。(Kare no shiuchi wa urameshii.) - His treatment of me is resentful.

恨めしい vs 怒る (okoru) / 腹が立つ (hara ga tatsu)

These express anger, which is a component of 'urameshii'.

'Okoru' and 'hara ga tatsu' describe immediate anger or irritation. 'Urameshii' is a more complex, sustained emotion that combines bitterness, regret, and a sense of having been wronged. It's a lingering feeling that festers over time, unlike the often more transient state of anger.

彼の遅刻に腹が立った。(Kare no chikoku ni hara ga tatta.) - I got angry at his lateness. / 過去の不公平な扱いは恨めしい。(Kako no fukōhei na atsukai wa urameshii.) - The past unfair treatment is resentful.

恨めしい vs 後悔 (kōkai)

Both involve looking back negatively at past events.

'Kōkai' is general regret or remorse for one's own actions or decisions. 'Urameshii' is resentment and bitterness directed outwards towards someone or something that caused the negative situation, often involving a sense of injustice or betrayal. While regret can be part of 'urameshii', the outward-directed bitterness is key.

あの時、もっと勉強すればよかったと後悔している。(Ano toki, motto benkyō sureba yokatta to kōkai shite iru.) - I regret not studying more at that time. / 彼の嘘は恨めしい。(Kare no uso wa urameshii.) - His lie is resentful.

恨めしい vs 憎い (nikui)

Both express strong negative feelings towards someone.

'Nikui' means 'hateful' and expresses intense aversion or animosity, often with a desire for the other person to suffer. 'Urameshii' is more about bitterness and regret stemming from a perceived wrong, injustice, or betrayal, often carrying a sense of lament rather than pure hatred.

彼の悪行は憎い。(Kare no akugyō wa nikui.) - His evil deeds are hateful. / 彼の裏切りは恨めしい。(Kare no uragiri wa urameshii.) - His betrayal is resentful.

문장 패턴

B1

Noun + が + 恨めしい

あの時の彼の言葉が恨めしい。(Ano toki no kare no kotoba ga urameshii.)

B1

～に対して + 恨めしい気持ち

友人に対して恨めしい気持ちを抱いた。(Yūjin ni taishite urameshii kimochi o idaita.)

B2

恨めしく思う

なぜ自分だけがこんな目に遭うのかと恨めしく思った。(Naze jibun dake ga konna me ni au no ka to urameshikku omotta.)

B2

恨めしい + Noun

彼は恨めしい表情で部屋を出て行った。(Kare wa urameshii hyōjō de heya o dete itta.)

C1

～は恨めしい限りだ

努力が報われなかった結果は、恨めしい限りだ。(Doryoku ga mukuwarenakatta kekka wa, urameshii kagiri da.)

C1

恨めしい + ～ばかり

彼は失ったものばかりを恨めしく思っていた。(Kare wa ushinatta mono bakari o urameshikku omotte ita.)

C2

恨めしい + までの + Noun

その凋落ぶりは、恨めしいまでの現実であった。(Sono chōraku-buri wa, urameshii made no genjitsu de atta.)

C2

恨めしい + ～こと

運命の理不尽さを恨めしく思うことしかできなかった。(Unmei no riifujin-sa o urameshikku omou koto shika dekinakatta.)

어휘 가족

명사

恨み (urami) - resentment, hatred, grudge

동사

恨む (uramu) - to hate, to resent, to bear a grudge

형용사

恨めしい (urameshii) - resentful, regrettable, bitter

관련

恨み骨髄に徹す (urami kotsuzui ni tōsu) - to hate to the bone
恨みを買う (urami o kau) - to incur hatred
恨み言 (urami goto) - words of resentment
恨み節 (urami bushi) - lament of resentment
恨みつらみ (urami tsurami) - litany of grievances
무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

frequency

Medium. While not an everyday word, it appears frequently enough in literature, drama, and discussions of significant personal or historical events.

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 'urameshii' for minor annoyances. → Use 'zannen' (regrettable) or 'tada no furai' (just annoyed).

    'Urameshii' implies a deep, lingering bitterness from a significant wrong or injustice. Using it for small inconveniences trivializes the word.

  • Confusing 'urameshii' with simple anger (怒る - okoru). → Recognize that 'urameshii' includes bitterness and regret, not just immediate anger.

    'Okoru' is about getting angry. 'Urameshii' is a sustained feeling of being wronged, often with sadness and a desire for the other party to acknowledge their fault.

  • Directly translating 'regrettable' without considering the nuance of resentment. → Understand that 'urameshii' carries a stronger sense of personal grievance and bitterness than 'regrettable' alone.

    While 'zannen' can mean regrettable, 'urameshii' specifically implies a feeling of being personally wronged or unfairly treated, leading to bitterness.

  • Incorrect grammatical attachment (e.g., 'urameshii weather'). → Use 'urameshii' with nouns related to feelings, actions, or situations that involve a perceived injustice.

    The adjective needs a logical subject. Weather is usually described with words like 'warui' (bad) or 'fukai' (unpleasant), not 'urameshii', which requires a cause of resentment.

  • Using 'urameshii' when 'kuyashii' (frustrating/mortifying) is more appropriate. → Differentiate between frustration from failure/defeat ('kuyashii') and bitterness from past wrongs ('urameshii').

    'Kuyashii' often relates to competitive loss, while 'urameshii' is about a deeper sense of injustice or betrayal that lingers.

팁

Grasp the Nuance

Remember that 'urameshii' is more than just anger or sadness. It's a complex emotion involving bitterness, regret, and a sense of being wronged. Focus on the lingering nature of this feeling.

Appropriate Situations

Use 'urameshii' for significant grievances, betrayals, or injustices. Avoid it for minor annoyances to maintain its impact and avoid sounding overly dramatic.

Say it Out Loud

Practice pronouncing 'urameshii' correctly, paying attention to the stress on the second syllable ('me'). This will help you recognize it when you hear it and use it more naturally.

Distinguish from Similar Words

Compare 'urameshii' with words like 'zannen' (regrettable), 'kuyashii' (frustrating), and 'nikui' (hateful) to understand its unique emotional territory.

Mnemonic Devices

Use visual associations or mnemonics, like imagining someone 'urinating' on your plans, to help remember the meaning and feeling of 'urameshii'.

Practice Sentence Construction

Create your own sentences using 'urameshii' in different grammatical structures, focusing on contexts where deep resentment or regret is felt.

Cultural Context

Understand that 'urameshii' reflects a cultural acknowledgment of deep-seated grievances and the complex emotional responses they evoke, often in contrast to outward harmony.

Active Listening

Listen for 'urameshii' in Japanese media like dramas, movies, or songs. Pay attention to the situations and the speaker's tone to grasp its usage in real-life contexts.

Reflective Writing

Use 'urameshii' in your journal entries to describe past experiences where you felt deeply wronged or held a significant regret, focusing on the lingering bitterness.

Explore Related Terms

Learn related words like 'uramu' (to resent) and 'urami' (resentment) to build a stronger understanding of the concept and its variations.

암기하기

기억법

Imagine someone is 'URa'inating on your plans, making you feel bitter and 'ME' (ME) sad and resentful. The 'SHII' sound can remind you of 'she' who wronged you, making you feel 'urameshii'.

시각적 연상

Picture a dark, stormy cloud with a lightning bolt striking a broken heart. The storm represents the bitterness, the broken heart the regret, and the darkness the resentment. The lightning bolt could be the 'triggering event' that caused the 'urameshii' feeling.

Word Web

Resentment Bitterness Regret Unfairness Betrayal Grudge Disappointment Animosity

챌린지

Try to describe a situation from your own life (or a fictional one) where you felt deeply wronged or regretful, using the word 'urameshii' to capture that emotion. Focus on the lingering bitterness and the sense of injustice.

어원

The word 'urameshii' is derived from the verb 'uramu' (恨む), which means 'to hate' or 'to resent.' The 'u' at the beginning likely relates to the concept of 'ura' (裏), meaning 'back' or 'hidden,' suggesting a feeling that is not openly expressed but simmers beneath the surface. The '-shii' ending is a common suffix for adjectives describing emotions or states of being.

원래 의미: The core meaning revolves around a deep-seated feeling of being wronged and harboring resentment as a result.

Japonic

문화적 맥락

The word carries a strong negative emotional charge. While it's important to understand and use it correctly, it should be employed thoughtfully, as it describes a significant level of personal pain and grievance.

In English-speaking cultures, expressing strong resentment might be more directly associated with anger, bitterness, or a desire for revenge. While 'resentful' and 'regrettable' are close translations, 'urameshii' often carries a more profound and personal sense of being wronged, sometimes with a melancholic undertone.

Literature: Many classic Japanese novels, such as those by Natsume Soseki or Mori Ōgai, feature characters grappling with 'urameshii' feelings stemming from societal pressures, personal betrayals, or historical events. Films: Japanese cinema, especially historical dramas or thrillers, frequently uses 'urameshii' to portray characters' deep-seated animosity and sorrow due to past injustices. Theater: Traditional Japanese theater forms like Kabuki often depict characters driven by 'urameshii' emotions, using stylized performances to convey the intensity of their feelings.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Discussing past injustices or unfair treatment.

  • あの時の不当な扱いは恨めしい。
  • 彼は長年、恨みを抱き続けていた。
  • その決定は、多くの人にとって恨めしいものだった。

Expressing regret over lost opportunities or mistakes.

  • あの時、もっと勇気を出せばよかったと恨めしく思う。
  • 才能を無駄にした人生は恨めしい。
  • 失われた機会を思うと、恨めしい限りだ。

Describing characters' emotions in literature or drama.

  • 彼女の目に恨めしい光が宿っていた。
  • 主人公は、裏切り者に対して恨めしい感情を抱いた。
  • その物語は、登場人物たちの恨めしい過去を描いている。

Reflecting on personal hardships or misfortunes.

  • 運命のいたずらだと、恨めしく思った。
  • 予期せぬ出来事に、恨めしい思いをした。
  • 彼の人生は、恨めしい出来事の連続だった。

Expressing dissatisfaction with societal issues or systemic problems.

  • 社会の歪みに、恨めしさを感じずにはいられない。
  • 不公平な制度に対して、恨めしい感情が募る。
  • その問題は、多くの人にとって恨めしい現実となっている。

대화 시작하기

"Have you ever felt a deep sense of bitterness or regret about something that happened in the past?"

"In stories or movies, when a character feels deeply wronged, what kind of emotion do they usually express?"

"Can you think of a time when someone's actions caused you to feel a lingering sense of resentment?"

"What's the difference between feeling angry and feeling resentful?"

"When discussing past injustices, what words are used to describe that deep, bitter feeling?"

일기 주제

Describe a time you felt 'urameshii'. What happened? Who or what was the target of your resentment? How did it affect you?

Reflect on a situation where you felt you were treated unfairly. How did this experience shape your feelings, and can you use 'urameshii' to describe that lingering emotion?

Imagine a character in a story who has suffered a great loss due to someone else's actions. How would they feel? Use 'urameshii' to describe their core emotion.

Consider the difference between simple disappointment and deep resentment. Write about a situation that illustrates this difference, using 'urameshii' for the latter.

Think about a historical event or a societal issue that has caused widespread suffering. How might the victims describe their feelings towards those responsible or the circumstances themselves using 'urameshii'?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

The core meaning of 'urameshii' is a deep, lingering feeling of bitterness and resentment, usually stemming from a perceived injustice, betrayal, or misfortune. It combines elements of regret, anger, and a sense of being wronged.

'Kanashii' simply means sad or sorrowful. 'Urameshii' is more specific; it's a particular kind of sadness mixed with bitterness and resentment, usually caused by someone's actions or a situation that felt unfair. You feel 'kanashii' when you lose something, but you might feel 'urameshii' if someone unfairly took it from you.

No, 'urameshii' is a strong word for significant grievances. It's not used for everyday frustrations like a delayed train or a small mistake. Using it for minor issues would sound overly dramatic and inappropriate.

'Kuyashii' is often used for frustration or mortification, especially in competitive situations or when one feels they should have succeeded but didn't. 'Urameshii' is more about the bitterness and regret from a past wrong or injustice, often involving a sense of helplessness.

While not used daily by everyone, 'urameshii' is common enough, especially in contexts involving personal narratives, literature, or discussions about past hardships and injustices. It's a word that carries significant emotional weight.

While primarily directed at people or their actions, 'urameshii' can sometimes be used to express resentment towards fate, circumstances, or even a situation that feels inherently unjust, though this is often a metaphorical extension of its core meaning.

The verb form is '恨む' (uramu), which means 'to hate,' 'to resent,' or 'to bear a grudge.' 'Urameshii' is the adjective describing the state of feeling this way.

You can use it by referring to oneself as the object of resentment, often with phrases like '自分を恨めしく思う' (jibun o urameshikku omou) - to resent oneself, or to describe a past action as '恨めしい' (urameshii) when reflecting on it.

In literature, 'urameshii' is used to convey deep emotional pain, lingering bitterness, and a sense of injustice. It adds complexity to characters and their motivations, often driving plotlines related to revenge, regret, or unresolved conflicts.

'Urameshii' itself is an adjective and doesn't change form for politeness. However, its usage depends on the context and the relationship. In formal settings, you might use more descriptive phrases or acknowledge the feeling indirectly. Directly stating 'I feel urameshii' can be quite strong.

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기

셀프 테스트 10 질문

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