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A2 verb #2,000 가장 일반적인 6분 분량

掛かる

kakaru
At the A1 level, you only need to know 掛かる (kakaru) in the context of 'how long' or 'how much.' It is almost always used with time or money. For example, 'It takes 5 minutes' (5分掛かります) or 'It costs 100 yen' (100円掛かります). You will usually see it in the polite ～ます form. Focus on the pattern: [Amount] + 掛かります. You don't need to worry about the kanji yet; hiragana (かかる) is perfectly fine. It's a very helpful word for traveling and shopping in Japan.
At the A2 level, you expand into physical states. You learn that 掛かる means something is 'hanging' on a wall (壁に掛かっている) or a bridge 'spans' a river. You also start to see it used for mechanical things, like a lock being 'on' (鍵が掛かっている) or an engine starting. You should begin to recognize the kanji 掛. You also learn the difference between 掛かる (it takes/it hangs) and 掛ける (I spend/I hang). This is the level where you start using it to describe your daily environment.
At the B1 level, you encounter 掛かる in more abstract and social contexts. You learn phrases like 迷惑が掛かる (to be a nuisance to someone) and 医者に掛かる (to see a doctor). You also learn its use as an auxiliary verb meaning 'to begin to' or 'to be about to,' such as 通りかかる (to happen to pass by). You should be comfortable with various conjugations and understand that the 'subject' of the verb is often the thing that is being applied or the resource being used.
At the B2 level, you explore nuanced idiomatic expressions and psychological states. 掛かる appears in phrases like 手間に掛かる (to take a lot of effort) or 目に掛かる (to be seen/to meet). You understand the passive-like nuance of the intransitive verb in complex sentences. You also see it used for natural phenomena, like 霧が掛かる (mist descending) or 雲が掛かる (clouds covering). Your understanding of the 'attachment' core concept helps you decipher new uses in literature and news.
At the C1 level, you master the formal and literary uses of 掛かる. This includes humble language (Kenjougo) like お目に掛かる (to meet a superior) and お耳に掛かる (to be heard by a superior). You also recognize it in legal or technical contexts, such as 法に掛かる (to fall under a law) or 税金が掛かる (to be subject to tax). You can distinguish between the many kanji variants that are sometimes used for specific meanings (like 懸かる for abstract things or 罹る for diseases), although 掛かる remains the general standard.
At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of the philosophical and archaic nuances of 掛かる. You understand its use in classical Japanese (Kobun) and how it evolved. You can use it in highly specific idiomatic ways, such as 命を掛ける (to risk one's life - transitive) vs 命が掛かっている (life is on the line - intransitive). You appreciate the subtle difference between 掛かる and other verbs of state in high-level literature, recognizing how it conveys a sense of inevitability or external imposition.
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

掛かる 30초 만에

  • Primarily means 'to take' time or money in daily life.
  • Describes objects hanging or bridges spanning a distance.
  • Used for mechanical starts like engines or engaging locks.
  • Functions as an intransitive verb, focusing on the result or state.

The Japanese verb 掛かる (kakaru) is a quintessential example of a 'polysemous' word—a single term with a vast array of interconnected meanings. At its core, the verb describes the state of something being 'placed upon,' 'suspended from,' or 'engaged with' another object or state. For A2 learners, the most critical meaning is the expenditure of resources, specifically time and money. When you say 'It takes one hour,' you are essentially saying that the time 'hangs' or 'attaches' itself to the action. This concept of attachment extends to physical objects: a bridge 'hanging' over a river, a coat 'hanging' on a hook, or water 'splashing' onto a surface. The versatility of 掛かる makes it indispensable in daily Japanese conversation, appearing in contexts ranging from mechanical operations to medical consultations.

Resource Consumption
Used with time (時間) or money (お金) to indicate the requirement for an action.
Physical Suspension
Describing objects hanging from walls, ceilings, or supports.
Mechanical Activation
Engines starting or locks being engaged.

「駅から家まで歩いて15分掛かります。」 (It takes 15 minutes to walk from the station to the house.)

Beyond the basics, 掛かる describes the process of being affected by an external force. This includes catching a cold (風邪を引く is more common, but 風邪が掛かる exists in specific nuances), being covered in dust, or even being the recipient of a phone call (電話が掛かってくる). The intransitive nature of the verb is key; it focuses on the state or the result rather than the person performing the action. For instance, while 掛ける (kakeru) is the transitive 'to hang something,' 掛かる is the 'something is hanging' or 'it takes' part of the equation.

「壁に綺麗な絵が掛かっています。」 (A beautiful picture is hanging on the wall.)

「この仕事には手間が掛かる。」 (This job requires/takes a lot of effort.)

Involuntary Action
Being caught in a trap or falling under a spell.
Medical Context
Consulting a doctor (医者に掛かる).

「エンジンがなかなか掛からない。」 (The engine just won't start.)

Using 掛かる (kakaru) correctly requires understanding its grammatical environment. As a Godan verb (Type I), it conjugates regularly. The most frequent pattern involves a duration or an amount followed by the verb. For example, [Duration] + 掛かる. Unlike English where we say 'It takes me 10 minutes,' in Japanese, the person is often omitted or marked with に if necessary, but the focus remains on the resource itself. When discussing costs, the pattern is [Amount] + 掛かる. It is important to note that 掛かる does not usually take the particle を because it is intransitive.

Grammar Pattern 1
[Subject] + が + [Location] + に + 掛かっている (Something is hanging on...)
Grammar Pattern 2
[Action/Noun] + に + [Time/Money] + 掛かる (It takes [resource] for [action])

「修理に五万円掛かりました。」 (The repairs cost 50,000 yen.)

Another sophisticated use is the 'V-stem + 掛かる' auxiliary form. This indicates that an action is just about to start or is directed toward someone. For example, 話しかける (to start talking to someone) uses the transitive version, but 溺れかかる (to be on the verge of drowning) uses the intransitive 掛かる. In the context of technology, it refers to connections: ブレーキが掛かる (brakes are applied) or 鍵が掛かっている (the door is locked). In these cases, the verb describes the state of the mechanism being 'engaged.'

「罠に掛かった動物を助けた。」 (I helped an animal that was caught in a trap.)

「虹が空に掛かっている。」 (A rainbow is hanging in the sky.)

Honorific Use
In very formal Japanese, お目に掛かる (o-me ni kakaru) is the humble way to say 'to meet' someone of higher status.

You will encounter 掛かる (kakaru) in almost every facet of Japanese life. In a professional setting, it’s used to discuss project timelines and budgets. A manager might ask, 「このプロジェクトにどれくらいの期間が掛かりますか？」 (How much time will this project take?). In a retail or service environment, staff will use it to inform you of wait times or costs: 「お料理ができるまで15分ほど掛かります。」 (It will take about 15 minutes for the food to be ready).

「保険が掛かっていますから安心してください。」 (Please rest assured because it is covered by insurance.)

In daily domestic life, you'll hear it regarding household chores and maintenance. If a door is locked, someone might say 「鍵が掛かっている。」 If you are cooking and water splashes on you, you'd say 「水が掛かった！」 In public transport, announcements often mention bridges (橋) or wires (電線) that have things 'hanging' or 'caught' on them, causing delays. Even in nature, a mist 'hanging' over a mountain is described using 霧が掛かる.

「親に迷惑を掛けたくない。」 (I don't want to cause trouble for my parents.) *Note: This uses the transitive 'kakeru' but the concept is the same.

Public Announcements
「ただいま、霧が掛かっておりますので、運転にご注意ください。」 (Mist is currently hanging, so please be careful driving.)
Medical Settings
「大きな病院に掛かったほうがいいですよ。」 (It's better to go to/consult a large hospital.)

The most frequent mistake for English speakers is confusing 掛かる (kakaru) with 掛ける (kakeru). Remember: 掛かる is intransitive (the thing does it itself or is in that state), while 掛ける is transitive (you do it to something). You 掛ける a picture on the wall, and then the picture 掛かっている. Another common error is using the particle を for time or money. Correct: 「一時間掛かる」. Incorrect: 「一時間を掛かる」.

❌ 「眼鏡を掛かる。」
✅ 「眼鏡を掛ける。」 (To wear/put on glasses.)

Learners also often confuse 掛かる with 取る (toru) or 掛かる (kakaru) for 'taking' time. While 'take' in English is a broad verb, in Japanese, you specifically use 掛かる for the consumption of time/money. Using 持つ (motsu) or 取る in these cases sounds unnatural. Furthermore, when talking about 'catching' a cold, remember that 風邪を引く is the standard active phrase, while 病気に掛かる is a more formal or clinical way to say 'to contract a disease.'

Particle Confusion
Using に instead of が for the subject. 「鍵に掛かっている」 is wrong; it should be 「鍵が掛かっている」.
Transitivity Error
Saying 「時間を掛かる」 instead of 「時間が掛かる」.

To truly master 掛かる (kakaru), you must distinguish it from its synonyms and related verbs. The most obvious relative is 掛ける (kakeru), its transitive counterpart. While 掛かる means 'to be hanging' or 'to take (time),' 掛ける means 'to hang (something)' or 'to spend (time/money).' For example, 「時間を掛けて料理を作る」 (I spend time making food) vs 「料理に時間が掛かる」 (The food takes time).

要する (yousuru)
A more formal/academic word for 'to require' or 'to take.' Used in reports or news.
費やす (tsuiyasu)
To spend or consume (time/money/energy), often with a nuance of using up resources.
ぶら下がる (burasagaru)
Specifically means 'to dangle' or 'to hang down' (like a monkey on a branch).

「この作業には多大な時間を要する。」 (This task requires a significant amount of time.) - Formal alternative.

When it comes to 'starting' mechanisms, 掛かる (for engines) can be compared to 始まる (hajimaru). However, 始まる is for events or processes (like a movie), whereas 掛かる is for the physical engagement of a machine. Similarly, 捕まる (tsukamaru) means 'to be caught' (by police or in a game), while 掛かる is used for being caught in a physical trap (罠) or a net (網).

How Formal Is It?

격식체

""

난이도

알아야 할 문법

수준별 예문

1

ここから駅まで十分掛かります。

It takes ten minutes from here to the station.

Time + 掛かります

2

この本は千円掛かりました。

This book cost 1,000 yen.

Money + 掛かりました

3

時間は掛かりますか。

Will it take time?

Question form

4

お金はあまり掛かりません。

It doesn't cost much money.

Negative form

5

バスで三十分掛かります。

It takes 30 minutes by bus.

Method (by bus) + Time

6

何分掛かりますか。

How many minutes will it take?

Interrogative 'How many minutes'

7

修理に一週間掛かります。

The repair will take one week.

Action (repair) + Time

8

全部でいくら掛かりますか。

How much will it cost in total?

Total cost

1

壁にカレンダーが掛かっています。

A calendar is hanging on the wall.

State of being hanging (~te iru)

2

ドアに鍵が掛かっています。

The door is locked.

Mechanical state

3

服に水が掛かりました。

Water splashed on my clothes.

Involuntary splash

4

エンジンが掛かりません。

The engine won't start.

Mechanical failure

5

橋が川に掛かっています。

A bridge spans the river.

Physical suspension

6

電話が掛かってきました。

A phone call came in.

Incoming call

7

この料理は手間が掛かります。

This dish takes a lot of effort.

Effort as a resource

8

罠にネズミが掛かった。

A mouse was caught in a trap.

Being caught

1

彼は今、医者に掛かっています。

He is seeing a doctor now.

Consulting a professional

2

迷惑が掛かるので、静かにしてください。

It will cause trouble, so please be quiet.

Causing inconvenience

3

ブレーキが掛かって、車が止まった。

The brakes were applied, and the car stopped.

Mechanical application

4

霧が掛かっていて、前が見えません。

It's misty, and I can't see ahead.

Natural phenomenon

5

通りかかった人に道を聞いた。

I asked a passerby for directions.

Auxiliary verb (happen to pass)

6

その言葉に魔法が掛かっているようだ。

It's as if those words have a spell on them.

Metaphorical state

7

音楽が掛かると、彼女は踊り出した。

When the music started playing, she began to dance.

Music starting

8

この仕事には責任が掛かっている。

Responsibility rests on this job.

Abstract burden

1

優勝が掛かった大切な試合だ。

It's an important match with the championship on the line.

Something 'at stake'

2

催眠術に掛かったふりをした。

I pretended to be hypnotized.

Falling under an influence

3

彼の言葉には含みが掛かっている。

His words have a hidden meaning/implication.

Abstract nuance

4

船が大きな網に掛かった。

The boat got caught in a large net.

Physical entanglement

5

この地域には特別な税金が掛かる。

A special tax is applied to this region.

Legal application

6

彼は溺れかかっていたところを助けられた。

He was saved when he was on the verge of drowning.

Auxiliary (on the verge of)

7

その噂は彼女の耳にも掛かった。

That rumor also reached her ears.

Information reaching someone

8

情けが掛かるような言い方はやめてくれ。

Stop talking in a way that begs for pity.

Abstract emotional state

1

明日、社長にお目に掛かる予定です。

I plan to meet the president tomorrow (humble).

Humble honorific (Kenjougo)

2

この絵画には保険が掛けてあります。

Insurance has been placed on this painting.

Transitive resultative state

3

疑いが掛かるのは避けられない。

It is unavoidable that suspicion will fall (on us).

Suspicion falling

4

法に掛かるようなことはしていない。

I haven't done anything that breaks the law.

Legal violation

5

その寺院は山の中腹に掛かっている。

The temple is perched on the mountainside.

Geographic placement

6

彼は重い病気に掛かっている。

He is suffering from a serious illness.

Contracting a disease

7

この問題は我々の存亡に掛かっている。

This issue concerns our very survival.

Vital importance/At stake

8

彼女の歌声には磨きが掛かっている。

Her singing voice has become more polished.

Improvement/Polishing

1

万事、君の裁量に掛かっている。

Everything depends on your discretion.

Dependence on discretion

2

雲霞の如く敵が攻め掛かってきた。

The enemy attacked like a swarm of clouds.

Auxiliary (aggressive start)

3

死に掛かった老木が、春に芽吹いた。

The old tree, which was near death, budded in spring.

State of being near death

4

彼の言葉は、聞く者の琴線に掛かった。

His words struck a chord with the listeners.

Idiomatic emotional impact

5

その計略にまんまと掛かってしまった。

I fell completely for that scheme.

Falling for a ruse

6

夕闇が街に掛かり始めた。

Twilight began to descend upon the city.

Atmospheric transition

7

天の配剤が掛かったとしか思えない。

I can only think that divine providence was at work.

Spiritual/Fate context

8

この一打に全てが掛かっている。

Everything rides on this one stroke.

Ultimate stakes

자주 쓰는 조합

時間が掛かる
お金が掛かる
鍵が掛かる
ブレーキが掛かる
エンジンが掛かる
迷惑が掛かる
医者に掛かる
罠に掛かる
橋が掛かる
霧が掛かる

자주 쓰는 구문

お目に掛かる

手間が掛かる

お世話に掛かる

命が掛かる

声が掛かる

目に掛かる

鼻に掛かる

手間に掛かる

気に掛かる

病気に掛かる

자주 혼동되는 단어

掛かる vs 掛ける

Transitive (to hang/spend) vs Intransitive (to be hanging/to take).

掛かる vs 取る

To take an object vs to take time/money.

掛かる vs 要する

Formal/Academic vs general daily use.

관용어 및 표현

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

혼동하기 쉬운

掛かる vs

掛かる vs

掛かる vs

掛かる vs

掛かる vs

문장 패턴

사용법

nuance

Kakaru implies a natural or automatic result of a situation.

formality

Highly used in all registers.

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 'wo' instead of 'ga' for time.
  • Confusing kakaru with kakeru.
  • Using kakaru for taking physical objects.
  • Forgetting the small 'tsu' in past tense.
  • Using it for 'starting' a meeting (use hajimaru instead).

팁

Particle Choice

Always use 'ga' for the thing that takes time or the thing that is hanging.

Time vs Money

Remember that both resources use the same verb, making it very efficient to learn.

Meiwaku

Understand 'meiwaku ga kakaru' to navigate Japanese social expectations.

Asking for Costs

Use 'ikura kakarimasu ka?' as a standard phrase when traveling.

Kanji Recognition

The radical on the left is 'hand', which helps remember the 'hanging' origin.

Train Announcements

Listen for 'kakaru' when there are delays due to objects on the tracks.

Master the Pair

Learn 'kakaru' and 'kakeru' together to master Japanese transitivity.

Auxiliary Use

Notice when it follows a verb stem to mean 'about to'.

Physical State

Use 'kakatte iru' for things that are already in a hanging state.

Involuntary

Think of it as something happening 'to' the subject or the resource.

암기하기

어원

Derived from the Old Japanese verb 'kaku', meaning to scratch or hook onto something.

문화적 맥락

Wait times in Japan are often precisely communicated using 'kakaru'.

Using 'o-me ni kakaru' shows high respect and humility in business.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"駅までどのくらい掛かりますか？"

"この修理にはいくら掛かりますか？"

"最近、何か気に掛かることはありますか？"

"エンジンが掛からない時はどうしますか？"

"その絵、壁に掛かっているのが素敵ですね。"

일기 주제

今日、一番時間が掛かったことは何ですか？

最近、誰かにお世話に掛かりましたか？

家の中に何が掛かっていますか？

お金が掛かっても手に入れたいものはありますか？

仕事で迷惑が掛からないように気をつけていることは？

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, use 'noru' (乗る) for getting on or 'riyousuru' (利用する) for using. 掛かる is for the time the bus takes.

No, for time and money, it is very often written in hiragana (かかる).

Kakaru is 'it takes' (intransitive). Kakeru is 'I spend' (transitive).

It's more common to say 'kaze wo hiku'. 'Byouki ni kakaru' is used for more serious illnesses.

Yes, but specifically for engines or mechanical systems.

Okane ga takusan kakarimashita.

It means something is weighing on your mind or you are worried about it.

Yes, it is humble (Kenjougo), used when you meet someone superior.

Yes, 'denwa ga kakaru' means a call is coming in or being connected.

Kakaremasu (can take/can hang).

셀프 테스트 96 질문

/ 96 correct

Perfect score!

관련 콘텐츠

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