At the A1 CEFR level, learners are just beginning to grasp basic Japanese. They would encounter '座ります' (suwarimasu) as a fundamental verb for daily actions. The focus would be on recognizing its meaning ('to sit') and perhaps using it in very simple, isolated sentences. For instance, understanding that someone is 'sitting' or being able to say 'I sit'. The concept of politeness is introduced, so they'd learn '座ります' as the polite form, contrasting it with the even simpler dictionary form if introduced. Examples would be very direct, like 'I sit on the chair.' The emphasis is on recognition and basic production in controlled environments.
For A2 learners, '座ります' becomes more integrated into simple sentence structures. They can use it to describe basic actions in familiar contexts like home, school, or public transport. They would understand the polite '-masu' form and might start to differentiate it from the casual form. Particle usage like 'に' (ni) to indicate location becomes important. They can form simple sentences like 'He sits on the floor' or understand requests like 'Please sit down' (using the '-te kudasai' form, which is closely related). The focus is on practical application in everyday scenarios and understanding basic grammatical patterns.
At the B1 level, learners can use '座ります' with more confidence and in a wider range of situations. They understand the nuances of politeness and can differentiate between '座ります' (polite statement), '座る' (casual statement), and '座ってください' (polite request). They can also use the progressive form '座っている' (suwatte iru - to be sitting). Sentence complexity increases, allowing for descriptions of people sitting in various places or discussions about seating arrangements. They might also begin to encounter more formal terms like '着席する' (chakuseki suru) and understand its specific usage.
B2 learners can use '座ります' and its related forms fluently and appropriately. They understand the subtle differences between '座ります', '腰掛ける' (koshikakeru - to take a seat, often implying brevity or casualness), and '着席する' (chakuseki suru - formal seating). They can discuss these nuances and use them to express more precise meanings. They can also participate in conversations where these verbs are used to describe actions, states, or to make polite requests in formal and informal settings. The focus shifts to idiomatic usage and understanding the cultural implications of different terms.
For C1 learners, '座ります' and its semantic field are well-understood. They can analyze and explain the subtle differences in register and connotation between '座ります', '腰掛ける', '着席する', and even more colloquial or idiomatic expressions related to sitting. They can use these verbs in complex sentences, creative writing, and sophisticated discussions, demonstrating a deep understanding of their usage in various cultural and social contexts. They can also explain these nuances to others.
At the C2 level, learners possess near-native fluency and understanding of '座ります' and its related vocabulary. They can use these terms with perfect accuracy, understanding and employing the most subtle distinctions in meaning, register, and cultural implication. They can discuss the etymology, historical usage, and potential regional variations of these words. Their command allows them to analyze literary texts, engage in highly specialized discourse, and use language with exceptional precision and artistry.

座ります 30초 만에

  • Suwarimasu means 'to sit'.
  • It's a polite verb used in daily life.
  • Used for sitting on chairs, floors, etc.
  • Often paired with location particles like 'ni'.

Understanding '座ります' (Suwarimasu)

The Japanese verb '座ります' (suwarimasu) is a fundamental word that directly translates to 'to sit' in English. It refers to the action of lowering oneself onto a surface, such as a chair, the floor, or a bench, so that one's weight is supported by their buttocks. This is a common and essential verb used in daily life, making it a crucial part of basic Japanese communication.

Basic Meaning
The act of sitting down.
Grammatical Form
This is the polite, non-past form of the verb. The dictionary form is '座る' (suwaru).

Please 座ります here.

You will encounter '座ります' in a wide variety of everyday situations. For instance, when entering a restaurant, a host might ask you to sit down. In a classroom, a teacher might instruct students to take their seats. Even in a casual setting, when offering someone a place to rest, you can use this verb. It's a polite and standard way to convey the action of sitting.

Consider a scenario where you are visiting someone's home. They might gesture to a cushion on the floor or a chair and say, 「どうぞ、すわってください」 (Douzo, suwatte kudasai - Please, sit down). This polite request uses the '-te' form of the verb, which is closely related to '座ります'. The polite '-masu' form, '座ります', is often used in more direct statements or commands, though '座ってください' is very common for invitations.

Common Scenarios
Welcoming guests, instructing students, offering seating, describing actions in everyday life.
Politeness Level
Polite (masu-form), suitable for most social interactions.

The students 座ります at their desks.

Understanding '座ります' is a key step in mastering basic Japanese verbs. It's a word you'll hear and use constantly as you engage with the language and culture.

Constructing Sentences with '座ります'

Using '座ります' (suwarimasu) correctly involves understanding its grammatical role and how it interacts with other parts of a sentence. As a polite verb, it's versatile and can be used in various sentence structures. Here are common patterns and examples to guide you.

Basic Sentence Structure
Subject + Location Particle + Verb. The particle 'に' (ni) or 'で' (de) is often used to indicate where the sitting occurs.

I 座ります on the chair.

In Japanese, the subject is often omitted if it's clear from context. The most common way to express sitting is by indicating the location. For instance, to say 'I will sit on the chair', you would say 「椅子に座ります」 (Isu ni suwarimasu). Here, '椅子' (isu) is 'chair', 'に' (ni) marks the location, and '座ります' (suwarimasu) is the verb.

Indicating the Location
Using particles like 'に' (ni) for a specific spot or 'で' (de) for an area.

He 座ります on the floor.

When talking about sitting on the floor, you might use 「床に座ります」 (Yuka ni suwarimasu). If you are referring to sitting within a general area, like a park, you might use 'で' (de). For example, 「公園で座ります」 (Kouen de suwarimasu) could mean 'I will sit in the park' or 'I will sit around in the park'. However, for the specific action of sitting on a particular surface, 'に' is more common.

Polite Requests
Using the '-te' form with 'ください' (kudasai) for polite commands or invitations.

Please 座ります here.

A very common construction is 「座ってください」 (Suwatte kudasai), which means 'Please sit down'. This uses the '-te' form of '座る' (suwaru), which is '座って' (suwatte), followed by 'ください' (kudasai). While '座ります' is the polite statement form, '座ってください' is the polite imperative form, often used when offering someone a seat.

Describing Actions
Using '座ります' to state that someone or something is sitting.

The cat 座ります on the mat.

You can also use '座ります' to describe an ongoing or habitual action, or simply to state a fact. For example, 「猫がマットに座ります」 (Neko ga matto ni suwarimasu - The cat sits on the mat). The particle 'が' (ga) marks the subject. This form is used for present or future actions, or for general truths.

Mastering these sentence structures will allow you to confidently use '座ります' in various communicative contexts.

Real-World Usage of '座ります'

'座ります' (suwarimasu) is a ubiquitous verb that you will encounter frequently in everyday Japanese life. Its commonality makes it a cornerstone for basic communication, and understanding the contexts in which it's used will greatly enhance your comprehension and fluency.

Public Spaces
In train stations, bus stops, parks, and other public areas, you'll hear announcements or see signs instructing people to sit or indicating seating areas. For example, a staff member might say, 「こちらにすわってください」 (Kochira ni suwatte kudasai - Please sit here).

The conductor asked passengers to 座ります.

In a train or bus, if seats are available, you might hear someone say, 「どうぞ、すわってください」 (Douzo, suwatte kudasai - Please, have a seat) to offer a seat to someone. This polite invitation uses the '-te' form, which is a variation of the verb '座る'.

Restaurants and Cafes
When you enter a restaurant, the host or waitress will often guide you to your table and say, 「こちらへすわってください」 (Kochira e suwatte kudasai - Please sit this way) or simply 「すわってください」 (Suwatte kudasai - Please sit).

The waiter invited us to 座ります.

Even in casual eateries, the polite form is often used. If you are with friends and looking for a place to sit, someone might say, 「あそこですわろう」 (Asoko de suwarou - Let's sit there), using the volitional form of '座る'. However, '座ります' itself is used when stating a fact or a polite intention.

Educational Settings
In schools and universities, teachers often instruct students to sit. 「皆さん、すわってください」 (Minasan, suwatte kudasai - Everyone, please sit down) is a common phrase at the beginning of a lesson.

The teacher told us to 座ります.

You might also hear students saying to each other, 「席にすわります」 (Seki ni suwarimasu - I will sit in my seat) when referring to taking their assigned seats.

Home and Social Gatherings
When hosting guests, you'll often offer them a place to sit. 「どうぞ、すわってください」 (Douzo, suwatte kudasai) is the standard polite way to do this. If you are offering a specific cushion, you might say, 「この座布団ざぶとんすわってください」 (Kono zabuton ni suwatte kudasai - Please sit on this zabuton/cushion).

She offered me a place to 座ります.

In a more informal setting among close friends, one might say, 「あそこにすわろう」 (Asoko ni suwarou - Let's sit there), but when speaking politely, '座ります' or its related forms are preferred.

By familiarizing yourself with these common scenarios, you'll quickly learn to recognize and use '座ります' effectively in your Japanese conversations.

Avoiding Pitfalls with '座ります'

While '座ります' (suwarimasu) is a straightforward verb, learners sometimes make mistakes due to nuances in politeness, particle usage, or overgeneralization. Understanding these common errors can help you use the verb more accurately and naturally.

Confusing Polite Forms
Mistake: Using the dictionary form '座る' (suwaru) in polite conversation, or using '座ります' where a more casual form is appropriate.
Correction: '座ります' is the polite non-past form. For casual situations, use '座る' (suwaru). For polite requests, use '座ってください' (suwatte kudasai). Using '座ります' as a direct command is generally not done; it's a statement of action.

Incorrect: 「私、すわる。」 (Watashi, suwaru.)

This mistake often happens when learners are transitioning from textbook examples to real-life conversations. Remember that '-masu' endings are key to polite speech.

Incorrect Particle Usage
Mistake: Using the wrong particle to indicate the location of sitting, such as using 'を' (wo) or 'が' (ga) instead of 'に' (ni) or 'で' (de).
Correction: Generally, 'に' (ni) is used to mark the specific spot where one sits (e.g., 「椅子に座ります」 - Isu ni suwarimasu). 'で' (de) can be used for sitting within a broader area (e.g., 「公園で座ります」 - Kouen de suwarimasu, implying sitting around in the park).

Incorrect: 「椅子をすわります。」 (Isu wo suwarimasu.)

The particle 'を' (wo) typically marks the direct object of a transitive verb, which '座る' is not. 'に' indicates the destination or location of existence/action.

Overusing '座ります' for Standing/Sitting
Mistake: Using '座ります' to describe the act of standing up or to request someone to stand.
Correction: '座ります' specifically means 'to sit'. For 'to stand', the verb is 「立ちます」 (tachimasu). For polite requests to stand, you would use 「立ってください」 (Tatte kudasai).

Incorrect: 「ってください。」 (Tatte kudasai.) - meaning 'Please stand.' - but you say 「すわってください。」 (Suwatte kudasai.)

Confusing 'sit' and 'stand' is a basic but important distinction to avoid.

Misinterpreting '-te kudasai' vs. '-masu' form
Mistake: Using '座ります' when you intend to politely ask someone to sit.
Correction: While '座ります' is a polite statement, '座ってください' (Suwatte kudasai) is the standard polite request or invitation to sit. Using '座ります' as a request would sound unnatural or like a statement of your own intention.

Incorrect: 「どうぞ、すわります。」 (Douzo, suwarimasu.) - sounds like 'Please, I will sit.'

The nuance between stating an action and requesting an action is crucial in Japanese politeness.

By being aware of these common mistakes, you can refine your use of '座ります' and communicate more effectively and appropriately in Japanese.

Distinguishing '座ります' from Related Terms

While '座ります' (suwarimasu) is the standard verb for 'to sit', Japanese has other words and expressions that might seem similar but carry different nuances or are used in specific contexts. Understanding these distinctions will help you choose the most appropriate word.

座る (Suwaru) - Dictionary Form
This is the base, plain form of the verb. It is used in casual conversation among friends and family, or in written contexts where politeness is not paramount.
Example: 「友達と公園ですわる。」 (Tomodachi to kouen de suwaru. - I will sit in the park with a friend.)
Comparison: '座ります' is the polite version of '座る', suitable for general use with people you don't know well or in formal settings.

The dictionary form '座る' is like the base ingredient, while '座ります' is the prepared dish.

腰掛ける (Koshikakeru) - To sit down, to take a seat
This verb also means 'to sit down'. It often implies sitting for a short duration or in a more casual manner, perhaps on the edge of something or in a less formal posture. It can be slightly more descriptive of the action of perching.
Example: 「ちょっと腰掛こしかけましょう。」 (Chotto koshikakemashou. - Let's sit down for a bit.)
Comparison: While '座ります' is a general term for sitting, '腰掛ける' can suggest a more temporary or less formal seating. In many cases, they are interchangeable, but '腰掛ける' might be preferred when sitting on a low wall or a temporary perch.

'腰掛ける' is like perching, while '座ります' is a more general sit.

着席する (Chakuseki suru) - To take one's seat, to be seated
This is a more formal, often written, term for sitting down, especially in situations like attending a formal event, a meeting, or taking one's assigned seat. It's derived from Sino-Japanese characters.
Example: 「皆様、着席ちゃくせきしてください。」 (Minasama, chakuseki shite kudasai. - Everyone, please take your seats.)
Comparison: '着席する' is much more formal than '座ります' and is typically used in official announcements or instructions where a high level of politeness and formality is required. You wouldn't typically use it in casual conversation.

'着席する' is like being formally seated at an event.

座っている (Suwatte iru) - To be sitting
This is the progressive form of '座る' (suwaru), meaning 'to be in the state of sitting'. It describes the ongoing action or state of being seated.
Example: 「彼は椅子いすすわっています。」 (Kare wa isu ni suwatte imasu. - He is sitting on the chair.)
Comparison: '座ります' refers to the act of sitting down (the transition), whereas '座っている' refers to the state of already being seated. You might say 「椅子に座ります」 (I will sit on the chair) and then, once seated, you are 「椅子に座っています」 (sitting on the chair).

'座ります' is the action of sitting, '座っている' is the state of being seated.

By understanding these related terms, you can enhance the precision and appropriateness of your Japanese vocabulary.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The character '座' (za) is composed of two parts: '广' (madare), which often relates to buildings or structures, and '坐' (za), which is an older form of the character for 'sit'. This suggests an origin related to sitting within a structure or on a designated base.

발음 가이드

UK /su.wɑ.ɾi.mɑ.sɯ/
US /su.wɑ.ɾi.mɑ.sɯ/
There is no strong, distinct stress on any particular syllable in 'suwarimasu'. The pronunciation is relatively flat, with each mora (syllabic unit) given roughly equal weight. However, a slight emphasis might naturally fall on the 'ri' sound.
라임이 맞는 단어
narimasu ikimasu nomimasu tabemasu hanashimasu tachimasu arimasu kikimasu
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing 'su' as 'shoo' or 'soo' with a hard 'oo' sound.
  • Making the final 'u' in 'masu' too prominent, rather than a subtle or devoiced sound.
  • Incorrectly stressing a syllable, which can sound unnatural.
  • Confusing the 'wa' sound with 'va' or 'ba'.
  • Not clearly articulating the 'r' sound, which is closer to a flap 't' or 'd' in English, or a light 'l'.

난이도

독해 2/5

At the A2 level, reading '座ります' in simple sentences is straightforward. Learners will encounter it in basic texts, signs, and simple dialogues. The main challenge might be understanding the context and the polite form. As they progress to B1 and B2, they will encounter more complex sentence structures and related vocabulary, increasing the reading difficulty.

쓰기 2/5

Writing '座ります' is relatively easy as it's a common verb. The challenge lies in using it correctly with particles, in appropriate polite forms (e.g., '-masu' vs. '-te kudasai'), and in varied sentence structures. Accuracy in politeness and grammar is key.

말하기 2/5

Speaking '座ります' is essential for basic communication. Learners at A2 can use it in simple contexts. The difficulty increases when aiming for naturalness, appropriate politeness levels, and using related forms like '座ってください' or describing the state of '座っている'. Pronunciation and intonation are also factors.

듣기 2/5

Listening for '座ります' is generally easy in A2 contexts as it's a high-frequency verb. Learners should be able to recognize it in everyday conversations, announcements, and instructions. Distinguishing it from similar-sounding words or understanding its nuance in different contexts might be challenging at higher levels.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

椅子 (isu - chair) 床 (yuka - floor) ここ (koko - here) そこ (soko - there) に (ni - particle) で (de - particle) ください (kudasai - please)

다음에 배울 것

座っている (suwatte iru - to be sitting) 立つ (tatsu - to stand) 座ってください (suwatte kudasai - please sit) 腰掛ける (koshikakeru - to take a seat) 着席する (chakuseki suru - to take one's seat - formal)

고급

座り心地 (suwari gokochi - comfort of sitting) 座右の銘 (zayū no mei - motto) 座して待つ (zashite matsu - to wait passively) 座を占める (za o shimeru - to occupy a seat/position)

알아야 할 문법

Using particles 'に' and 'で' with verbs of location/action.

'に' often indicates the destination or specific point of action (e.g., 椅子に座る - sit on the chair), while 'で' can indicate the area of action (e.g., 公園で座る - sit in the park, implying sitting around).

The '-te kudasai' form for polite requests.

座ってください (suwatte kudasai) is the polite imperative form, used when asking someone to sit.

The progressive form '-te iru' for ongoing states.

座っています (suwatte imasu) means 'is sitting' or 'am sitting', describing the state of being seated.

Nominalizing verbs using 'こと' (koto) or 'の' (no).

座ること (suwaru koto) means 'the act of sitting', allowing it to be used as a noun in sentences.

Using the plain form of verbs in conditional clauses.

床に座ると (yuka ni suwaru to), meaning 'when sitting on the floor', uses the plain dictionary form 'suwaru'.

수준별 예문

1

いすに すわります。

I sit on the chair.

Simple sentence: Subject (implied 'I') + Location (isu ni) + Verb (suwarimasu).

2

ここで すわります。

I sit here.

Location particle 'で' can indicate a general area or spot. Polite form used.

3

どうぞ、すわって ください。

Please sit down.

Polite request using the -te form + kudasai. Closely related to 'suwarimasu'.

4

床に すわります。

I sit on the floor.

'Yuka' means floor. 'Ni' particle indicates location.

5

かれは すわります。

He sits.

Subject 'kare' (he) + verb 'suwarimasu'. Subject is often implied.

6

こどもが すわります。

The child sits.

'Kodomo' means child. 'Ga' particle marks the subject.

7

ベンチに すわります。

I sit on the bench.

'Benchi' is bench. 'Ni' particle for location.

8

あそこで すわります。

I sit over there.

'Asoko' means over there. Polite statement.

1

先生は 教室ですわります。

The teacher sits in the classroom.

Using 'de' for a general area (classroom) and the polite '-masu' form.

2

椅子にすわってください。

Please sit on the chair.

Polite request using the -te form + kudasai.

3

電車ですわりました。

I sat on the train.

Past tense of suwarimasu is suwarimashita. 'de' particle indicates mode of transport or location.

4

公園のベンチにすわりましょう。

Let's sit on the park bench.

Volitional form '-mashou' (let's) derived from suwarimasu.

5

あの人はっていますか?いいえ、すわっています。

Is that person standing? No, they are sitting.

Contrast between 'tatte imasu' (is standing) and 'suwatte imasu' (is sitting - progressive form).

6

すみません、すわってもいいですか?

Excuse me, may I sit?

Using the -te form + mo ii desu ka? for permission.

7

畳にすわると、リラックスできます。

When you sit on tatami, you can relax.

Using the plain form 'suwaru' in a conditional clause, followed by the polite main clause.

8

会議室ですわ準備じゅんびをしてください。

Please prepare to sit in the conference room.

Using the noun form 'suwaru junbi' (preparation to sit) with 'shite kudasai'.

1

この椅子いすすわごこちがいです。

This chair is comfortable to sit in.

Using the adjective-like noun 'suwari gokochi' (comfort of sitting) derived from the verb.

2

電車がたら、すわりましょう。

When the train comes, let's sit down.

Using the conditional '-tara' form of 'kuru' (to come) with the volitional '-mashou' of 'suwaru'.

3

彼はなが時間じかんったままはなしていたが、つかれてすわった。

He talked while standing for a long time, but got tired and sat down.

Using the plain past tense 'suwatta' to describe a completed action after a period of standing.

4

この場所ばしょではすわこときんじられています。

Sitting is prohibited in this place.

Using the noun form 'suwaru koto' (the act of sitting) with a passive construction 'kinjirarete imasu' (is prohibited).

5

会議では着席ちゃくせきしてはないましょう。

Let's take our seats and discuss in the meeting.

Using the formal verb 'chakuseki suru' (to take one's seat) in the '-te kudasai' or '-mashou' form.

6

彼はゆかすわり、ほんんでいた。

He was sitting on the floor, reading a book.

Using the progressive form 'suwatte ita' (was sitting) to describe an ongoing state.

7

つかれでしょうから、どうぞすわってください。

You must be tired, so please have a seat.

A polite and empathetic invitation to sit, using 'suwatte kudasai'.

8

すわ場所ばしょつかりません。

I can't find a place to sit.

Using the noun phrase 'suwaru basho' (place to sit).

1

その椅子いす長時間ちょうじかんすわるにはすこかたすぎる。

That chair is a bit too hard for sitting for a long time.

Using the plain form 'suwaru' with the adjective 'katai' (hard) and the structure 'ni wa sugosugiru' (is too much for).

2

彼は会議かいぎあいだ終始しゅうし背筋せすじばしてすわっていた。

Throughout the meeting, he sat with his back straight.

Describing the manner of sitting using 'suwatte ita' (was sitting) and adverbial phrases.

3

伝統的でんとうてき日本にほん家屋かおくでは、座布団ざぶとんすわるのが一般的いっぱんてきだ。

In traditional Japanese houses, sitting on zabuton is common.

Using the plain form 'suwaru' as a noun phrase in a general statement about custom.

4

その状況じょうきょうでは、だまってすわっているわけにはいかない。

In that situation, I can't just sit silently (do nothing).

Using 'suwatte iru wake ni wa ikanai' (cannot just sit/be passive), a common expression for not being able to remain inactive.

5

彼はなが待合室まちあいしつ腰掛こしかけていたが、結局けっきょくかえった。

He sat in the waiting room for a long time, but eventually went home.

Using 'koshikakete ita' (was sitting/perched) to describe a temporary state of being seated.

6

式典しきてんでは、指定していされたせき着席ちゃくせきすることがもとめられる。

At ceremonies, taking your assigned seat is required.

Using the formal noun 'chakuseki' (taking one's seat) in a passive construction.

7

ゆかすわ習慣しゅうかんは、現代げんだいではすくなくなっている。

The custom of sitting on the floor is becoming less common nowadays.

Using 'suwaru shukan' (custom of sitting) as a noun phrase.

8

彼はこまったときまってうでんですわくせがある。

He has a habit of sitting with his arms crossed when he's troubled.

Using 'suwaru kuse' (habit of sitting) and describing the posture.

1

その劇場げきじょうでは、演奏えんそうはじまるまで着席ちゃくせきしてつことが要求ようきゅうされる。

In that theater, it is required to be seated and wait until the performance begins.

Using the formal 'chakuseki' with 'yōkyū sareru' (is required).

2

なが通勤つうきん電車でんしゃでは、すわれる幸運こううんめぐまれるかどうかで、その気分きぶん左右さゆうされる。

On long commuter trains, the mood for the day is affected by whether or not one is fortunate enough to get a seat.

Using 'suwareru kōun' (fortune of being able to sit) and discussing its impact.

3

彼は政治せいじ世界せかいいてから、おもてにはさずうらいとすわかたおぼえたらしい。

After entering the world of politics, he seems to have learned how to sit (operate) behind the scenes without showing himself publicly.

Metaphorical use of 'suwari kata' (way of sitting) to mean 'method of operating' or 'strategy'.

4

ゆかすわ文化ぶんかは、西洋せいよう椅子いす文化とはことなる身体しんたい感覚をそだむ。

The culture of sitting on the floor cultivates a different physical sensation compared to Western chair culture.

Discussing cultural differences using 'suwaru bunka' (floor-sitting culture) and contrasting it with 'isu bunka' (chair culture).

5

彼はながもだりのあとしずかに椅子いす腰掛こしかけ、とおくをつめた。

After a long silence, he quietly sat down on the chair and gazed into the distance.

Using 'koshikakeru' to describe a quiet, possibly reflective, act of sitting.

6

式典しきてんかいきに先立さきだち、関係者かんけいしゃ指定していされたせき着席ちゃくせきした。

Prior to the commencement of the ceremony, the relevant personnel took their assigned seats.

Using 'chakuseki' in a formal context, with 'sakidachi ni' (prior to).

7

そのには、人物じんぶつ様々さまざま姿勢しせいすわっている様子ようすかれている。

The painting depicts people sitting in various postures.

Using 'suwatte iru yōsu' (state of sitting) to describe the visual representation.

8

ながすわつづけるとこしいたくなるので、適度てきど休憩きゅうけい不可欠ふかけつだ。

Sitting for a long time causes back pain, so moderate breaks are essential.

Using 'suwari tsuzukeru' (continue to sit) to describe prolonged action and its consequence.

1

その哲学てつがくは、たんすわるという行為こういふか意味いみ見出みいだし、精神せいしん静寂せいじゃく追求ついきゅうする。

That philosophy finds deep meaning in the mere act of sitting and pursues spiritual tranquility.

Philosophical discourse using 'suwaru to iu kōi' (the act of sitting) to represent a profound concept.

2

彼は政治せいじ舞台ぶたいすわべきべきではなく、水面下すいめんかいと存在そんざいてっした。

He didn't sit on the political stage, but rather dedicated himself to being an entity that pulls strings beneath the surface.

Metaphorical use of 'suwaru beki' (should sit) contrasted with operating from behind the scenes.

3

伝統でんとう的な和室わしつにおける座布団ざぶとんは、たんなるすわ道具どうぐではなく、空間くうかん美学びがく精神性せいしんせい体現たいげんする。

Zabuton in traditional Japanese rooms are not merely tools for sitting, but embody the aesthetics and spirituality of the space.

Elevated discourse on cultural artifacts, using 'suwaru dōgu' (tool for sitting) in a symbolic context.

4

彼は長時間ちょうじかん瞑想めいそうあと身体しんたい不快感ふかいかん超越ちょうえつし、不動ふどう姿勢しせいすわつづけた。

After a long meditation, he transcended physical discomfort and continued to sit in an unmoving posture.

Describing advanced meditative states using 'suwari tsuzuketa' (continued to sit) with emphasis on transcendence.

5

その劇場げきじょう設計せっけいは、観客かんきゃく快適かいてき着席ちゃくせきし、舞台ぶたい集中しゅうちゅうできることを最優先さいゆうせんした。

The theater's design prioritized the audience being comfortably seated and able to concentrate on the stage.

Technical and design-oriented language using 'chakuseki' with 'saiyūsen' (highest priority).

6

彼は政治せいじ表舞台おもてぶたいから姿すがたし、水面下すいめんか影響力えいきょうりょく行使こうしする権力者けんりょくしゃすわめた。

He disappeared from the political stage and occupied the seat of a power broker who wields influence beneath the surface.

Metaphorical and nuanced use of 'suwari' (seat/position) to denote power and influence.

7

ゆかすわ習慣しゅうかんは、身体しんたいへの負担ふたんおおきいとかんがえられる一方いっぽうで、精神せいしん安定あんてい寄与きよするという見解けんかいもある。

While the custom of sitting on the floor is considered to place a large burden on the body, there are also views that it contributes to mental stability.

Complex sentence structure discussing pros and cons, using 'suwaru shūkan' and contrasting physical and mental effects.

8

彼はなが政治せいじ表舞台おもてぶたいすわっていたが、最後さいごしずかに退場たいじょうした。

He sat on the political stage for a long time, but eventually exited quietly.

Metaphorical use of 'suwaru' to represent holding a position of power or influence.

자주 쓰는 조합

椅子に座る
床に座る
座ってください
座席に座る
楽に座る
正座する
隣に座る
座り心地が良い
座りっぱなし
座って待つ

자주 쓰는 구문

どうぞ、座ってください。

— Please, have a seat. / Please sit down.

When offering a seat to someone, this is a very common and polite phrase. It uses the '-te kudasai' form, which is a polite request.

椅子に座ります。

— I will sit on the chair. / I sit on the chair.

This is a simple statement of action using the polite '-masu' form. It indicates the intention or the action of sitting on a chair.

床に座ります。

— I will sit on the floor. / I sit on the floor.

Similar to the above, but specifies sitting on the floor, which is common in traditional Japanese settings or when no chairs are available.

座っていいですか?

— May I sit? / Is it okay to sit?

This is a polite way to ask for permission to sit down, often used when there are other people present or when you're unsure if the seat is available.

座り心地がいい。

— It's comfortable to sit on. / The seat is comfortable.

This phrase is used to describe the comfort level of a chair, sofa, or cushion. It's a common expression when evaluating furniture.

座りっぱなし

— Sitting for a long time continuously.

This phrase describes the state of sitting for an extended period without getting up, often implying discomfort or fatigue.

座席に着く

— To take one's seat.

This is a slightly more formal way to say 'to sit down', often used in contexts like theaters or airplanes.

隣に座る

— To sit next to someone.

This is used when you want to indicate sitting beside another person.

座って待ってください。

— Please sit and wait.

A common instruction given when someone needs to wait for a period of time.

座る場所

— A place to sit.

Used when looking for or referring to a spot where one can sit.

자주 혼동되는 단어

座ります vs 立つ (tatsu)

This is the opposite verb, meaning 'to stand'. Learners might confuse the two if they are not careful with the meaning.

座ります vs 座ってください (suwatte kudasai)

This is the polite request form, meaning 'please sit down'. While closely related to 'suwarimasu', it's used for asking others to sit, not for stating an action.

座ります vs 座っている (suwatte iru)

This is the progressive form, meaning 'to be sitting'. 'Suwarimasu' refers to the action of sitting down, while 'suwatte iru' refers to the state of being seated.

관용어 및 표현

"座して待つ"

— To wait passively; to sit and wait without taking action.

This idiom implies a lack of initiative, waiting for something to happen without actively trying to influence it. It often carries a slightly negative connotation of inaction.

Neutral/Slightly formal
"座が白ける"

— For the atmosphere to become awkward or dull; for a party or gathering to lose its liveliness.

This idiom refers to a situation where the mood sours, often due to an inappropriate comment or action. It literally translates to 'the seat/gathering becomes white/dull'.

Informal/Neutral
"座右の銘"

— A motto; a guiding principle; a personal slogan.

This refers to a phrase or belief that one keeps close at hand (metaphorically, 'by one's seat') as a constant guide for life. It's a very common and respected idiom.

Formal/Literary
"座敷に上がる"

— To enter the formal reception room (zashiki) of a traditional Japanese house; metaphorically, to be invited into a private or important space.

This phrase signifies being granted access to a more formal or private area, often implying a level of trust or importance.

Traditional/Formal
"座って死ぬ"

— To die while sitting; often used humorously or fatalistically to mean being stuck in a situation or job indefinitely.

This is a more informal and often humorous idiom used to express resignation to a long-term, unchanging situation.

Informal/Humorous
"座を汚す"

— To disgrace a seat or position; to behave inappropriately in a respected place or role.

This idiom is used when someone's actions bring shame or dishonor to the position they hold or the place they are in.

Formal/Literary
"座ってしかできない仕事"

— A job that can only be done while sitting; often implies a sedentary or desk-bound occupation.

This phrase is used to describe professions that require prolonged periods of sitting, such as office work.

Neutral
"座ったまま"

— While sitting; in a sitting position.

This phrase simply describes the state of remaining in a seated position.

Neutral
"座を占める"

— To occupy a seat or position; to hold a prominent place.

This idiom can refer to literally occupying a seat or metaphorically holding an important position or role.

Neutral/Slightly formal
"座ったきり"

— Remaining seated for a very long time; unable to get up from a seated position.

This phrase often implies a prolonged or fixed state of sitting, sometimes due to illness or stubbornness.

Neutral/Slightly informal

혼동하기 쉬운

座ります vs 腰掛ける (koshikakeru)

Both 'suwarimasu' and 'koshikakeru' mean 'to sit down'.

'Suwarimasu' is the general and most common verb for sitting. 'Koshikakeru' often implies sitting for a shorter duration, perching, or sitting in a less formal or temporary manner. For example, you might 'koshikakeru' on the edge of a table, while you 'suwaru' on a chair.

Please sit down for a moment. → ちょっと<ruby>腰掛<rt>こしか</rt></ruby>けてください。(Chotto koshikakete kudasai.) vs. Please sit on the chair. → 椅子に<ruby>座<rt>すわ</rt></ruby>ってください。(Isu ni suwatte kudasai.)

座ります vs 着席する (chakuseki suru)

Both refer to the act of sitting, especially in formal contexts.

'Chakuseki suru' is a much more formal verb, often used in official announcements or written instructions, meaning 'to take one's seat'. 'Suwarimasu' is the standard polite verb for sitting and is used in a wider range of situations, including casual and semi-formal ones.

Everyone, please take your seats. → 皆様、<ruby>着席<rt>ちゃくせき</rt></ruby>してください。(Minasama, chakuseki shite kudasai.) vs. Please sit down. → どうぞ、<ruby>座<rt>すわ</rt></ruby>ってください。(Douzo, suwatte kudasai.)

座ります vs 座る (suwaru)

'Suwarimasu' is the polite form of 'suwaru'.

'Suwaru' is the dictionary/plain form and is used in casual conversation among close friends, family, or in informal writing. 'Suwarimasu' is the polite form used in most general social interactions, with strangers, superiors, or in formal settings. Using 'suwaru' in a polite context would be inappropriate.

I sit in the park. (Casual) → 公園に<ruby>座<rt>すわ</rt></ruby>る。(Kouen ni suwaru.) vs. I sit in the park. (Polite) → 公園に<ruby>座<rt>すわ</rt></ruby>ります。(Kouen ni suwarimasu.)

座ります vs 座っている (suwatte iru)

Both relate to the concept of sitting.

'Suwarimasu' refers to the action of sitting down (the transition from standing/moving to being seated). 'Suwatte iru' refers to the state of being already seated and remaining in that position. It's the progressive form.

I will sit on the chair. → 椅子に<ruby>座<rt>すわ</rt></ruby>ります。(Isu ni suwarimasu.) vs. I am sitting on the chair. → 椅子に<ruby>座<rt>すわ</rt></ruby>っています。(Isu ni suwatte imasu.)

座ります vs 立つ (tatsu)

These are direct opposites in terms of posture.

'Suwarimasu' means 'to sit', while 'tatsu' means 'to stand'. They describe mutually exclusive physical positions.

Please sit down. → <ruby>座<rt>すわ</rt></ruby>ってください。(Suwatte kudasai.) vs. Please stand up. → <ruby>立<rt>た</rt></ruby>ってください。(Tatte kudasai.)

문장 패턴

A1

Location + に/で + 座ります。

椅子に座ります。(Isu ni suwarimasu.)

A1

どうぞ、Verb(-te form) + ください。

どうぞ、座ってください。(Douzo, suwatte kudasai.)

A2

Subject + Location + で + 座ります。

先生は教室で座ります。(Sensei wa kyoushitsu de suwarimasu.)

A2

Verb(-te form) + います。

彼は座っています。(Kare wa suwatte imasu.)

B1

Verb(plain form) + と/たら + Sentence.

床に座ると、リラックスできます。(Yuka ni suwaru to, rirakkusu dekimasu.)

B1

Noun Phrase + が + 好きです。

座ることが好きです。(Suwaru koto ga suki desu.)

B2

Location + に + 座る + Verb (e.g., ことができる)

椅子に座ることができる。(Isu ni suwaru koto ga dekiru.) - Can sit on a chair.

B2

Verb(plain past) + ように + 言われる/頼む.

座るように頼まれました。(Suwaru yō ni tanomaremashita.) - I was asked to sit.

어휘 가족

명사

座席 (zaseki - seat)
座布団 (zabuton - floor cushion)
座長 (zachō - chairman)
座談会 (zadankai - symposium, round-table discussion)
座右の銘 (zayū no mei - motto)

동사

座る (suwaru - to sit - dictionary form)
座り込む (suwarikomu - to sit down firmly/stubbornly)
座り直す (suwarinaosu - to readjust one's sitting position)
座らせる (suwasareru - to make someone sit - causative/passive)

관련

座り心地 (suwari gokochi - comfort of sitting)
座っている (suwatte iru - to be sitting)
座って待つ (suwatte matsu - to sit and wait)
座れば (suwareba - if one sits)
座ると (suwaru to - when one sits)

사용법

frequency

Very High

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 'suwarimasu' as a direct command. Use 'suwatte kudasai' for polite requests.

    Saying 'Suwarimasu!' to someone is grammatically incorrect and sounds unnatural as a command. It's a statement of action. For polite requests, the '-te kudasai' form is essential.

  • Incorrect particle usage (e.g., 'isu o suwarimasu'). Use 'ni' for the object of sitting (e.g., 'isu ni suwarimasu').

    The particle 'o' (を) typically marks a direct object. 'Suwaru' doesn't take a direct object in this way. 'Ni' indicates the location or destination where the action of sitting occurs.

  • Confusing 'suwarimasu' (to sit) with 'tatsu' (to stand). Use 'suwarimasu' for sitting and 'tatsu' for standing.

    These are opposite actions. Ensure you know which verb to use based on the intended posture.

  • Using the plain form 'suwaru' in polite situations. Use 'suwarimasu' in polite contexts.

    'Suwaru' is casual. In most social interactions outside of close friends and family, the polite '-masu' form 'suwarimasu' is required.

  • Using 'suwarimasu' to describe the state of being seated. Use 'suwatte imasu' for the state of being seated.

    'Suwarimasu' is the action of sitting down. 'Suwatte imasu' describes the ongoing state of already being seated.

Particle Usage with 'Suwarimasu'

Remember that 'に' (ni) is generally used to mark the specific place one sits (e.g., 椅子に座ります - Isu ni suwarimasu). 'で' (de) can indicate a broader area of activity (e.g., 公園で座ります - Kouen de suwarimasu - sit around in the park). Pay attention to context to choose the correct particle for accurate meaning.

Clear Syllable Pronunciation

Pronounce each syllable of 'su-wa-ri-ma-su' distinctly. The 'r' sound is a light flap, similar to the 'tt' in 'butter' in American English. Avoid stressing any single syllable too heavily; aim for a relatively even rhythm.

Politeness Levels Matter

While 'suwarimasu' is polite, for direct invitations to sit, '座ってください' (suwatte kudasai) is more appropriate and natural. Using 'suwarimasu' as a command would be incorrect. Understand the difference between stating an action and requesting one.

Distinguish from Similar Verbs

Be aware of verbs like 'koshikakeru' (to perch, sit briefly) and 'chakuseki suru' (formal seating). While 'suwarimasu' is general, these others have specific nuances in duration, formality, or posture.

Visualize the Action

Picture yourself or someone else performing the action of sitting. Imagine the movement, the posture, and the surface. Connecting the visual to the word 'suwarimasu' can strengthen recall.

Sentence Building Practice

Create your own sentences using 'suwarimasu' and its variations. Try describing different scenarios: sitting at home, in a park, on a train, or offering a seat to someone. This active practice solidifies your understanding.

Listen for it in Media

Actively listen for 'suwarimasu' and related phrases in Japanese dramas, anime, podcasts, or conversations. Pay attention to who is speaking, to whom, and in what situation, to grasp the nuances of its usage.

Master the Progressive Form

Don't forget the progressive form 'suwatte iru' (to be sitting). This describes the state of being seated, which is different from the action of sitting down ('suwarimasu').

Know the Opposite

Understanding the antonym 'tatsu' (to stand) can help reinforce the meaning of 'suwarimasu'. Contrast the actions of sitting and standing in your mind.

암기하기

기억법

Imagine a 'sway'ing chair. When you 'suwaru' (sit) on it, it might sway a little. So, 'sway-r-u' sounds like 'suwaru', the verb for sitting. Think of sitting in a comfy chair that might sway a bit.

시각적 연상

Picture someone sitting on a large, comfortable cushion (like a 'zabuton') on the floor. The cushion is round and inviting, making you want to sit down. The action of sinking into the cushion is 'suwarimasu'.

Word Web

Sit Chair Floor Bench Cushion Seated Posture Rest

챌린지

Try to describe five different situations where you would use '座ります' in your daily life, focusing on the politeness level and the specific location where someone is sitting.

어원

The verb '座る' (suwaru) originates from ancient Japanese. It is believed to have evolved from an older verb that described the act of settling or becoming firm. The character '座' (za) itself means 'seat' or 'base', and its inclusion in the verb signifies the action of establishing oneself in a seated position.

원래 의미: The original meaning was likely closer to 'to settle down' or 'to take root', which gradually evolved to specifically mean 'to sit'.

Japonic languages

문화적 맥락

When inviting someone to sit, it is polite to use the '-te kudasai' form (e.g., 座ってください - suwatte kudasai). Using '座ります' as a command can sound abrupt. Be mindful of offering seats to elders or those of higher status first. In traditional settings, understanding the etiquette of sitting on tatami (e.g., not stepping on cushions) is important.

In English-speaking cultures, 'to sit' is a very basic verb. While we have different types of seating (chairs, sofas, benches), the act of sitting itself is generally less imbued with specific cultural protocols compared to Japan. Politeness in offering seats exists but is less tied to specific sitting postures.

The concept of 'zashiki' (座敷), a formal reception room in traditional Japanese houses where guests would sit on tatami. The practice of 'seiza' (正座), a formal sitting posture on the knees, common in tea ceremonies, martial arts, and formal gatherings. The use of 'zabuton' (座布団), floor cushions used for sitting in Japanese homes and traditional spaces.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Offering a seat to a guest.

  • どうぞ、座ってください。
  • こちらへどうぞ。
  • 楽に座ってください。

Describing one's own action of sitting.

  • 椅子に座ります。
  • 床に座りました。
  • ここで座っています。

Instructions in a classroom or meeting.

  • 皆さん、座ってください。
  • 席に着いてください。
  • 座って話を聞きましょう。

Talking about seating in public transport.

  • 座席が空いていますか?
  • 電車で座りました。
  • 立っている人が多いです。

Describing a place or furniture.

  • この椅子は座り心地がいい。
  • 床に座るのが好きです。
  • 座る場所を探しています。

대화 시작하기

"Where do you usually like to sit when you relax at home?"

"Do you prefer sitting on chairs or on the floor?"

"What is the most comfortable seat you've ever sat on?"

"When you go to a cafe, do you usually look for a specific type of seat?"

"What are some common places in your country where people gather and sit together?"

일기 주제

Describe a time you had to sit in an uncomfortable place. What was it like?

Imagine you have a favorite spot to sit and think. Where is it and why do you like it?

Write about a cultural difference you've observed regarding how people sit in different countries.

If you could design the perfect chair, what would it be like and why?

Reflect on the phrase 'to sit and wait'. When is it appropriate, and when is it better to take action?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

'Suwarimasu' is the polite statement form, meaning 'I/he/she/they sit(s)' or 'will sit'. It describes the action or intention. 'Suwatte kudasai' is the polite imperative form, meaning 'Please sit down'. It's used when asking someone else to sit. So, 'suwarimasu' states an action, while 'suwatte kudasai' requests an action.

Generally, 'に' is used to indicate the specific object or location you are sitting on or in (e.g., 椅子に座ります - Isu ni suwarimasu - I will sit on the chair). 'で' can be used to indicate a broader area where the sitting takes place (e.g., 公園で座ります - Kouen de suwarimasu - I will sit in the park, implying sitting around in the park). For the direct action of sitting on something, 'に' is more common.

Yes, 'suwarimasu' is used for sitting on the floor as well. You would say 床に座ります (Yuka ni suwarimasu). In traditional Japanese settings, sitting on tatami mats with zabuton (floor cushions) is common, and 'suwarimasu' is the appropriate verb.

The plain or dictionary form of 'suwarimasu' is '座る' (suwaru). This form is used in casual conversation, informal writing, and when conjugating into other forms like the past tense (座った - suwatta) or volitional (座ろう - suwarou).

No, 'suwarimasu' primarily refers to the action of sitting down. To describe the state of being already seated, you use the progressive form: 座っています (suwatte imasu). For example, 'He is sitting on the chair' is 彼は椅子に座っています (Kare wa isu ni suwatte imasu).

Yes, there are. '腰掛ける' (koshikakeru) means to sit down, often implying a shorter duration or a more casual, perching-like manner. '着席する' (chakuseki suru) is a more formal verb used in official settings, meaning 'to take one's seat'.

You can ask for permission to sit by using the '-te mo ii desu ka?' structure with the -te form of the verb. So, you would say 座ってもいいですか?(Suwatte mo ii desu ka? - May I sit?)

This is often described as 腕を組んで座る (ude o kunde suwaru). It can imply contemplation, stubbornness, or disapproval depending on the context. The verb 'suwaru' is used here with the action of crossing arms.

Yes, there is a significant difference. 'Suwarimasu' is a polite statement of action. 'Suwatte kudasai' is a polite request or command, used when you are asking someone else to perform the action of sitting. Using 'suwarimasu' to ask someone to sit would sound unnatural.

The past tense of 'suwarimasu' is '座りました' (suwarimashita). For example, 'I sat on the chair' would be '椅子に座りました' (Isu ni suwarimashita).

셀프 테스트 10 질문

/ 10 correct

Perfect score!

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