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B1 verb 9분 분량

ontwerpen

예시
설명 ontwerpen in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should know that ontwerpen means 'to design'. You can use it for simple things you make. For example, 'Ik ontwerp een kaart' (I design a card). At this stage, just focus on the present tense: 'ik ontwerp', 'jij ontwerpt', 'wij ontwerpen'. It is a useful word if you have a creative hobby. You don't need to worry about the difficult past tense yet. Just remember that it's about making a plan for something new. Think of it as a more professional version of 'maken' (to make). If you are in a Dutch class and the teacher asks you to create a poster, you can say, 'Ik ga een poster ontwerpen.' This shows you are planning it, not just drawing randomly. It's a great word to start building your vocabulary around work and hobbies. Remember the pronunciation: ont-WER-pen, with the stress on the second syllable. This is very important for being understood. Even at A1, using this word correctly makes you sound more advanced than just using 'maken' all the time. Practice with simple objects: 'Ik ontwerp een stoel,' 'Zij ontwerpt een jurk.' It's a transitive verb, so you always need an object after it. Don't forget that the prefix 'ont-' stays there in all forms. You will see this word on websites (e.g., 'Ontwerp je eigen T-shirt'). It's a very practical word for modern life.
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At the A2 level, you start to use ontwerpen in more varied contexts, like talking about your job or past projects. You should learn the past participle: 'ontworpen'. For example, 'Ik heb een logo ontworpen.' Notice that we do not say 'geontworpen'. This is a key rule for verbs starting with 'ont-'. You can also use it to talk about famous things: 'Wie heeft dit gebouw ontworpen?' (Who designed this building?). At A2, you might also encounter the noun 'het ontwerp' (the design). You can say, 'Het ontwerp is mooi.' This helps you describe things more accurately. You should also be able to distinguish between 'ontwerpen' and 'tekenen'. If you are drawing a picture of a cat, use 'tekenen'. If you are planning how to build a cat-house, use ontwerpen. You will hear this word in advertisements and on the news when they talk about new products. Practice using it with the word 'voor' (for): 'Ik ontwerp een website voor mijn vriend.' This expands your sentence structure. Also, try to use it in the plural: 'Wij ontwerpen nieuwe kleren.' Understanding the difference between 'maken' (to make/build) and ontwerpen (to design/plan) is a big step at this level. One is the physical labor, the other is the creative planning.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using ontwerpen in all tenses, including the irregular past tense 'ontwierp'. For example: 'De architect ontwierp een prachtig huis.' You also start using it in the passive voice, which is very common in professional Dutch: 'Het systeem wordt ontworpen door een extern bureau.' At this level, you can use the word for abstract concepts, not just physical objects. You might 'ontwerpen' a strategy, a curriculum, or a process. This shows a deeper understanding of the word's versatility. You should also know the word 'ontwerper' (designer) and common compounds like 'webontwerper' or 'modeontwerper'. B1 learners should be careful not to confuse 'ontwerpen' with 'plannen'. While 'plannen' is about time and logistics, ontwerpen is about structure and form. If you say 'Ik plan een huis,' a Dutch person might think you are planning *when* to build it, not *what* it looks like. Use ontwerpen to describe the creative process. You will find this word in many business documents and technical manuals. It is a key verb for expressing innovation. Practice explaining *why* something was designed a certain way: 'Dit is ontworpen om energie te besparen.' (This was designed to save energy.) This type of sentence structure is typical for B1 proficiency.
At the B2 level, you use ontwerpen to discuss complex topics like urban planning, industrial design, and system architecture. You should be able to use it fluently in discussions about 'Dutch Design' and its influence. You will also encounter more sophisticated synonyms like 'vormgeven' (to style/shape) and 'concipiëren' (to conceive). At B2, you should understand the nuance that ontwerpen implies a solution to a problem. It's not just about beauty; it's about functionality. You can use it in the context of policy-making: 'Het ontwerpen van nieuw beleid vereist veel onderzoek.' (Designing new policy requires a lot of research.) You should also be familiar with the reflexive-like usage (though rare) or specialized jargon like 'ontwerpspecificaties' (design specifications). Your ability to use the past participle 'ontworpen' as an adjective should be solid: 'Een goed ontworpen interface verbetert de conversie.' (A well-designed interface improves conversion.) You should also be able to debate the merits of different designs using this verb. In writing, you can use it to structure your arguments: 'In deze scriptie ontwerp ik een raamwerk voor...' (In this thesis, I design a framework for...). This level requires you to move beyond the literal and into the metaphorical and professional applications of the word.
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At the C1 level, your use of ontwerpen should be precise and nuanced. You understand that while ontwerpen is the standard term, sometimes 'modelleren' (modeling) or 'construeren' (constructing/engineering) is more appropriate depending on the technicality. You can discuss the philosophy of design, using terms like 'ontwerpmethodologie' (design methodology). You are expected to recognize the word in high-level academic texts and professional journals. For example, in a discussion about sustainability, you might say: 'We moeten systemen ontwerpen die circulair zijn.' (We must design systems that are circular.) You should also be able to use the word in more literary or rhetorical contexts. The distinction between 'ontwerpen' and 'schetsen' becomes more important at this level—one is the blueprint, the other is the preliminary thought. You can also use the word to describe the 'design' of an experiment in a scientific context: 'Het ontwerpen van een valide testomgeving is cruciaal.' (Designing a valid test environment is crucial.) Your grasp of the strong verb conjugation (ontwierp/ontworpen) must be perfect, and you should be able to use it in complex sentence structures with multiple clauses. You might also explore the history of the word, linking it to the Dutch tradition of engineering and land reclamation (polders), where the act of ontwerpen was literally a matter of national survival.
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At the C2 level, ontwerpen is a tool for deep intellectual discourse. You can use it to discuss the teleological aspects of creation—how the 'ontwerp' reflects the 'intentie' (intention) of the creator. You might use it in legal contexts, such as 'het ontwerpen van wetgeving' (the drafting/designing of legislation), where every word has profound consequences. You are capable of analyzing the socio-cultural impact of designed environments (urban design, digital ecosystems). At this level, you can play with the word's etymology, perhaps referencing its 'throwing' roots in a poetic sense. You understand the most subtle differences between ontwerpen and its synonyms in every possible register, from slang to the most formal academic prose. You might lead a team of designers and use the word to inspire: 'Laten we een toekomst ontwerpen waarin technologie de mens dient.' (Let us design a future in which technology serves humanity.) You can critique the 'ontwerp' of a complex philosophical argument or a massive engineering feat like the Delta Works with authority. The word is no longer just a verb; it is a concept that you can manipulate to express the highest levels of human intentionality and creativity. You are also aware of how the term is used in specialized fields like 'bio-ontwerpen' (bio-design) or 'algoritmisch ontwerpen' (algorithmic design), where the 'designer' might be an AI.
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예시

The Dutch verb ontwerpen is a fundamental term for anyone interested in the creative, technical, or planning sectors. At its core, it means 'to design' or 'to plan the look or function of something.' However, its usage goes far deeper than just drawing a picture. It implies a systematic approach to creation, where one considers both aesthetics and utility. Whether you are talking about a fashion designer creating a new collection, an architect drafting a bridge, or a software engineer structuring an application, ontwerpen is the verb of choice.

Professional Design
In professional contexts, this word describes the phase before production. It involves brainstorming, sketching, and finalizing specifications. For example, a 'modeontwerper' (fashion designer) spends months to ontwerpen a seasonal line.

De architect moet een duurzaam kantoorpand ontwerpen.

The word is comprised of the prefix 'ont-' and the verb 'werpen' (to throw). Etymologically, it suggests 'throwing out' or 'casting' a first shape or outline. This conceptual 'throwing' represents the initial act of putting an idea into a tangible or visible form. In modern Dutch, it has shed its literal 'throwing' sense and is strictly associated with the intellectual and artistic act of design. You will hear it frequently in the Netherlands, a country famous for its 'Dutch Design' movement, which emphasizes minimalism, functionality, and innovation.

Digital Context
In the tech world, users ontwerpen user interfaces (UI) and user experiences (UX). It covers the logic and the layout of digital products.

Zij ontwerpen een nieuwe app voor de gezondheidszorg.

Beyond physical objects, the word can also apply to abstract systems. One can ontwerpen a curriculum for a school, a marketing strategy for a brand, or even a political system. It implies a high level of intentionality. If you just draw a doodle on a napkin, you are 'tekenen' (drawing), but if that doodle is the blueprint for a revolutionary new engine, you are ontwerpen. It is a word that carries weight, suggesting skill, foresight, and creativity.

Artistic Context
Artists might ontwerpen an installation, focusing on how the viewer interacts with the space.

De kunstenaar heeft een prachtig monument ontworpen.

In summary, use this word when there is a plan involved. It is the bridge between a thought and a reality. It requires a 'designer' (ontwerper) and results in a 'design' (ontwerp). Understanding this word is key to discussing innovation, art, and engineering in Dutch-speaking environments.

Using ontwerpen correctly involves understanding its conjugation as a strong verb and its transitive nature—it almost always takes a direct object. You design *something*. Let's look at how it functions in different tenses and structures. In the present tense, it follows the standard pattern: 'ik ontwerp', 'jij ontwerpt', 'wij ontwerpen'. Because the stem ends in 'p', the endings are straightforward.

Present Tense
Used for current actions or general truths. 'De studio ontwerpt logo's voor start-ups.' (The studio designs logos for start-ups.)

Ik ontwerp mijn eigen kleding omdat ik van unieke stijlen houd.

The past tense (imperfectum) is where many learners struggle because it is irregular. The vowel changes from 'e' to 'ie'. 'Ik ontwierp', 'wij ontwierpen'. This tense is used for storytelling or describing a completed action in the past without a direct link to the present. For example: 'Eiffel ontwierp de toren voor de wereldtentoonstelling.' (Eiffel designed the tower for the world exhibition.)

Past Tense (Imperfectum)
Vowel change: ontwerp -> ontwierp. 'Vorig jaar ontwierp hij een nieuwe tuin.'

Zij ontwierpen de software in slechts drie maanden.

The perfect tense (perfectum) uses the auxiliary verb 'hebben' and the past participle 'ontworpen'. Note that because the verb already starts with the prefix 'ont-', we do *not* add 'ge-' to the participle. It is simply 'ontworpen'. This is a common rule for verbs starting with be-, ge-, er-, her-, and ont-. 'Ik heb een website ontworpen.' (I have designed a website.)

Perfect Tense
Auxiliary 'hebben' + participle 'ontworpen'. 'Wie heeft dit logo ontworpen?'

Het nieuwe systeem is door een team van experts ontworpen.

Finally, ontwerpen is often used in the passive voice to emphasize the object rather than the designer. 'Het gebouw wordt ontworpen door...' (The building is being designed by...). This is very common in news reports and academic writing. You can also use it as a noun: 'het ontwerp' (the design) or 'de ontwerper' (the designer).

In the Netherlands and Flanders, you will encounter ontwerpen in a variety of real-life settings. It is not just a 'textbook' word; it is a 'workplace' word. If you walk through a city like Eindhoven—the design capital of the Netherlands—you will see signs for 'ontwerpbureaus' (design agencies) everywhere. At the Design Academy Eindhoven, students spend every day learning how to ontwerpen for the future.

In the News
News outlets often report on new infrastructure. 'De overheid gaat een nieuwe tunnel ontwerpen om de files te verminderen.' (The government is going to design a new tunnel to reduce traffic jams.)

In de krant stond dat ze een nieuw park gaan ontwerpen.

In the corporate world, meetings often revolve around 'het ontwerp'. You might hear a manager say: 'We moeten een betere gebruikerservaring ontwerpen.' (We need to design a better user experience.) It is a word associated with progress and problem-solving. In schools, 'Techniek' (Technology) classes teach children how to ontwerpen simple machines or structures using wood and electronics.

Social Media and DIY
On platforms like Instagram or Pinterest, Dutch creators use the hashtag #ontwerpen to showcase their handmade jewelry, furniture, or digital art.

Ik heb deze poster zelf ontworpen met Canva.

Even in fashion, when you go to a boutique, the salesperson might mention: 'Dit kledingstuk is ontworpen door een lokale artiest.' (This garment was designed by a local artist.) It adds a sense of value and craftsmanship. In summary, anywhere there is a creative process or a structural plan, the word ontwerpen will be present. It is a word of the modern, innovative Dutch-speaking world.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is confusing ontwerpen with 'tekenen' (to draw). While designing often involves drawing, they are not the same. 'Tekenen' is the physical act of putting pen to paper. Ontwerpen is the intellectual act of planning. If you say 'Ik ontwerp een boom,' it sounds like you are genetically engineering a new type of tree, rather than just sketching one in your notebook.

Mistake: Overusing 'Plannen'
English speakers often use 'plannen' (to plan) for everything. In Dutch, 'plannen' is mostly for schedules or logistics. If you are creating a physical object or a system, ontwerpen is more accurate.

Fout: Ik plan een nieuw logo. (Incorrect: I am planning a new logo.)
Goed: Ik ontwerp een nieuw logo. (Correct: I am designing a new logo.)

Another common error is the conjugation. Because 'ontwerpen' is a strong verb, many learners try to make it weak. They might say 'ontwerpte' instead of 'ontwierp'. While 'ontwerpte' is occasionally heard in very informal speech or by children, 'ontwierp' is the correct standard form. Similarly, the past participle is 'ontworpen', not 'geontwerpt' or 'geontworpen'. Remember: verbs with the 'ont-' prefix never get a 'ge-' in the participle.

Confusion with 'Vormgeven'
Learners often confuse ontwerpen with 'vormgeven' (to shape/style). 'Vormgeven' is more about the final aesthetic look, whereas ontwerpen includes the underlying structure and function.

De ingenieur ontwerpt de motor; de stylist geeft hem vorm.

Lastly, pay attention to the preposition. In English, we design 'for' someone. In Dutch, you can say 'ontwerpen voor', but it is also very common to use 'ontwerpen' as a direct transitive verb. For example, 'Ik ontwerp een huis' (I design a house). If you say 'Ik ontwerp aan een huis,' it implies you are currently in the middle of the process, but it is less common than the direct form.

To speak Dutch like a native, you should know when to use ontwerpen and when to choose a more specific alternative. Depending on the context—be it art, engineering, or everyday planning—different verbs might be more appropriate. Let's compare ontwerpen with its closest synonyms.

Ontwerpen vs. Vormgeven
Ontwerpen is the total process (function + look). 'Vormgeven' (literally: form-giving) focuses specifically on the visual styling and layout. A 'vormgever' is often a graphic designer who works on magazines or websites.

Hij heeft het boek ontworpen, maar zij heeft de pagina's vormgegeven.

Another common alternative is 'creëren' (to create). This is a much broader term. You can 'creëren' a mess, a work of art, or a new law. Ontwerpen is more technical and structured. If you 'ontwerpt' something, you have a blueprint. If you 'creëert' something, it might be more spontaneous.

Ontwerpen vs. Bedenken
'Bedenken' means 'to come up with' or 'to invent'. It happens in the mind. Ontwerpen is the step where that thought becomes a plan on paper or screen.

Ik heb een nieuw concept bedacht en nu ga ik het ontwerpen.

In engineering and construction, you might use 'construeren' (to construct/engineer). This focuses on the mechanical and structural integrity. While an architect 'ontwerpt' the building's aesthetic and flow, a structural engineer 'construeert' the frame to ensure it doesn't fall down. Finally, 'schetsen' (to sketch) is the very first stage of ontwerpen.

Ontwerpen vs. Inrichten
'Inrichten' is used for interior design or setting up a space. You ontwerpt the house, but you 'richt de kamer in' (you furnish the room).

Zij ontwerpen meubels en ik help klanten bij het inrichten van hun woning.

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수준별 예문

1

Ik ontwerp een kaart.

I design a card.

Present tense, 1st person singular.

2

Ontwerp jij een logo?

Are you designing a logo?

Question form, 2nd person singular.

3

Wij ontwerpen een huis.

We are designing a house.

Present tense, 1st person plural.

4

Zij ontwerpt een jurk.

She is designing a dress.

Present tense, 3rd person singular.

5

Het kind ontwerpt een tuin.

The child designs a garden.

Subject is 'het kind' (3rd person singular).

6

Jullie ontwerpen een poster.

You (plural) are designing a poster.

Present tense, 2nd person plural.

7

Zij ontwerpen een spel.

They are designing a game.

Present tense, 3rd person plural.

8

Ontwerpt hij een auto?

Is he designing a car?

Question form, 3rd person singular.

1

Ik heb een website ontworpen.

I have designed a website.

Perfect tense (voltooid tegenwoordige tijd). No 'ge-' prefix.

2

Wie heeft dit logo ontworpen?

Who designed this logo?

Question in the perfect tense.

3

Zij hebben een nieuwe app ontworpen.

They have designed a new app.

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural.

4

Vorig jaar ontwierp hij een stoel.

Last year he designed a chair.

Imperfectum (past tense) of a strong verb.

5

Wij ontwierpen samen een poster.

We designed a poster together.

Imperfectum, 1st person plural.

6

De architect heeft het museum ontworpen.

The architect designed the museum.

Perfect tense with 'hebben'.

7

Heb je die jurk zelf ontworpen?

Did you design that dress yourself?

Perfect tense question.

8

Zij ontwierp een mooie tuin voor haar oma.

She designed a beautiful garden for her grandmother.

Imperfectum, 3rd person singular.

1

Het gebouw wordt ontworpen door een bekend bureau.

The building is being designed by a famous agency.

Passive voice in the present tense.

2

We moeten een nieuwe strategie ontwerpen.

We need to design a new strategy.

Infinitive after a modal verb (moeten).

3

De software is ontworpen om sneller te werken.

The software is designed to work faster.

Passive voice in the perfect tense.

4

Hij ontwierp een systeem voor waterzuivering.

He designed a system for water purification.

Strong past tense (ontwierp).

5

Zij ontwerpen duurzame verpakkingen.

They design sustainable packaging.

Present tense, professional context.

6

Het is lastig om een goede interface te ontwerpen.

It is difficult to design a good interface.

Infinitive construction with 'te'.

7

Welke architect heeft de Erasmusbrug ontworpen?

Which architect designed the Erasmus Bridge?

Perfect tense question about architecture.

8

Zij ontwierpen een plan voor de nieuwe wijk.

They designed a plan for the new neighborhood.

Past tense, collective action.

1

De ontwerper ontwierp een revolutionaire motor.

The designer designed a revolutionary engine.

Subject-verb agreement with strong past tense.

2

Het beleid is ontworpen om armoede te bestrijden.

The policy is designed to combat poverty.

Abstract usage of 'ontwerpen'.

3

Men ontwierp vroeger alles met de hand.

People used to design everything by hand.

Use of 'men' (one/people) and past tense.

4

Zij ontwerpen complexe algoritmes voor AI.

They design complex algorithms for AI.

Technical/Digital context.

5

Dit product is speciaal ontworpen voor ouderen.

This product is specially designed for the elderly.

Passive voice with an adverb (speciaal).

6

Het was een uitdaging om dit park te ontwerpen.

It was a challenge to design this park.

Infinitive phrase as subject complement.

7

De modeontwerper ontwierp een collectie van gerecycled plastic.

The fashion designer designed a collection from recycled plastic.

Compound noun 'modeontwerper'.

8

Wij hebben een cursus ontworpen voor beginners.

We have designed a course for beginners.

Perfect tense, abstract object (cursus).

1

De filosoof ontwierp een nieuw ethisch kader.

The philosopher designed a new ethical framework.

Highly abstract/Academic usage.

2

Dit landschap is door de eeuwen heen ontworpen.

This landscape has been designed over the centuries.

Passive voice, metaphorical use for long-term planning.

3

Zij ontwierpen een ingenieuze oplossing voor het probleem.

They designed an ingenious solution to the problem.

Adjective 'ingenieuze' modifying the object.

4

Het experiment werd zorgvuldig ontworpen om bia

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