At the A1 level, you only need to know 'включать' (or its perfective form 'включить') in the context of very simple daily actions. It means 'to turn on'. You will use it for things like lights, the TV, or a radio. For example, if you want to watch the news, you 'включаешь телевизор'. If it is dark, you 'включаешь свет'. At this stage, don't worry about the abstract meaning of 'including'. Just remember it as the 'ON' button verb. You might hear it as a command: 'Включи, пожалуйста' (Turn it on, please). It is a basic survival word for staying in a hotel or visiting a Russian friend's home. You should also learn the opposite word, 'выключать' (to turn off), as they are always used together. Focus on the present tense: 'Я включаю свет' (I am turning on the light). It's a simple first-conjugation verb, so the endings are regular and easy to learn. Keep your sentences short and focused on physical objects you can see around you.
At the A2 level, you expand your use of 'включать' to more electronic devices and start to see it in slightly more complex sentences. You might use it for 'включать компьютер' (turning on the computer) or 'включать чайник' (turning on the kettle). You should also begin to understand the concept of 'inclusion' in simple lists. For example, 'Завтрак включает кофе и хлеб' (Breakfast includes coffee and bread). This is very useful when reading menus or hotel descriptions. You should be comfortable using it in the past tense ('Я включал свет') and future tense ('Я буду включать'). You will also start to notice the difference between the imperfective 'включать' (habitual) and the perfective 'включить' (one-time). For example, 'Я всегда включаю музыку, когда убираюсь' (I always turn on music when I clean). At A2, you are moving from simple commands to describing your habits and reading basic information about what a service includes.
At the B1 level, you should master both the physical and abstract meanings of 'включать'. You use it fluently for technology (включать кондиционер, включать фары) and for organizational contexts (включать человека в группу, включать пункт в план). You understand that this verb implies making something part of a system or a whole. You should also be able to use the reflexive form 'включаться' in common expressions like 'включаться в работу' (to get down to work/join the effort). At this level, you start using 'включать' in more formal settings, such as discussing a project or a course syllabus ('Курс включает пять модулей'). You are expected to use the correct case after the verb (accusative) and the correct preposition (в) when talking about inclusion. You also begin to recognize common idioms like 'включать воображение' (to turn on/use one's imagination). This is the level where the word becomes a tool for both physical action and logical structuring of ideas.
At the B2 level, you use 'включать' with precision and variety. You can discuss technical processes ('Система включает резервное питание') and complex social inclusion ('Общество должно включать всех граждан в диалог'). You are comfortable with the nuances between 'включать' and its synonyms like 'запускать' or 'вносить'. You can use the word in the passive voice or as a participle ('включающий', 'включаемый'). For example, 'Список, включающий всех участников' (A list including all participants). You also understand metaphorical uses, such as 'включать обаяние' (to turn on the charm). Your use of the verb extends to professional environments where you might discuss 'включение' (the noun form) of certain costs or risks into a business model. You understand how the verb functions in complex grammatical structures, such as with 'начинать' or 'перестать'. At B2, 'включать' is no longer just a word; it's a versatile building block for describing how systems and groups are constructed and activated.
At the C1 level, you use 'включать' to express subtle shades of meaning in academic, professional, and literary contexts. You might use it to describe philosophical concepts, such as how one theory 'включает в себя' (incorporates within itself) elements of another. You are familiar with the full range of prefixal variations and related nouns. You can use 'включать' in sophisticated rhetorical ways, perhaps in a speech about social integration or technical innovation. You understand the bureaucratic nuances of 'включать в реестр' (to include in a register) or 'включать в состав комиссии'. You also recognize and can use more obscure idioms or slang, such as 'включать заднюю' (to back out of a deal/backtrack). Your mastery of the verb allows you to describe systemic interactions with high accuracy, choosing 'включать' when you want to emphasize the structural integration of an element into a larger hierarchy. You can also handle the verb in all its participial and gerund forms without hesitation.
At the C2 level, 'включать' is used with the effortless grace of a native speaker. You can navigate the most complex legal, scientific, or philosophical texts where 'включать' defines the parameters of existence or jurisdiction. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its relation to the root 'ключ' (key/source). You can play with the word's meanings in puns or creative writing. You might use it to describe the 'включение' of a country into a geopolitical alliance, discussing the multi-layered implications of that act. You are sensitive to the stylistic difference between 'включать' and more formal alternatives like 'инкорпорировать'. Whether you are discussing the way a brain 'включает' certain neural pathways or how a legislative act 'включает' previous amendments, you do so with perfect grammatical accuracy and stylistic appropriateness. At this level, the word is a transparent tool for expressing the most complex relationships between parts and wholes.

включать 30초 만에

  • Primarily means 'to turn on' (electronics) or 'to include' (abstractly).
  • It is an imperfective verb; the perfective form is 'включить'.
  • Requires the accusative case for the object being turned on or included.
  • Commonly used in both domestic and professional Russian contexts.
The Russian verb включать is a versatile and essential word that every intermediate learner must master. At its core, it serves two primary functions: the physical act of 'turning on' or 'activating' an appliance or system, and the abstract act of 'including' or 'incorporating' something into a group, list, or concept. This dual nature makes it one of the most frequently used verbs in both daily life and professional settings.
Activation Context
When you enter a dark room, you search for the switch to включать свет (turn on the light). It applies to anything with a power source: computers, heaters, music, and even engines. It implies the transition from an idle state to an active one.

Пожалуйста, не забудь включать сигнализацию, когда уходишь из офиса.

Inclusion Context
In professional or academic environments, включать is used to describe the process of adding data to a report, including a person in a team, or incorporating a clause into a legal document. It suggests that the object becomes an integral part of a larger whole.

Мы решили включать завтрак в стоимость проживания в нашем отеле.

The Imperfective Aspect
Because включать is imperfective, it is used for habitual actions (I always turn on the radio), ongoing processes (The editor is currently including your article), or general statements of fact (This price includes tax). If you are talking about a completed, one-time action, you would use its perfective partner, включить.

Почему ты всегда начинаешь включать громкую музыку так поздно?

Программа обучения будет включать как теорию, так и практику.

Тебе не нужно включать компьютер, я уже всё распечатал.

Understanding when to use this verb requires distinguishing between the physical and logical. If you are 'adding' something to a set, you are using the logical sense. If you are 'firing up' a machine, you are using the physical sense. In both cases, 'включать' implies a positive addition or activation, making it a cornerstone of Russian communication.
Using включать correctly involves understanding its grammatical government. It is a transitive verb, meaning it almost always takes a direct object in the accusative case. Whether you are turning on a television or including a person in a list, the thing being turned on or included is in the accusative.
Conjugation Patterns
As a first-conjugation verb (-ать), it follows a standard pattern: я включаю, ты включаешь, он/она включает, мы включаем, вы включаете, они включают. The stress remains on the second syllable (вклю-чАть) throughout the conjugation.

Я обычно включаю кофемашину сразу после пробуждения.

The Preposition 'В'
When using the verb to mean 'include,' you often use the construction 'включать [Object] в [Group/List]'. Both the object and the group are typically in the accusative case because the group represents the destination of the inclusion. For example, 'включать статью в журнал' (to include an article in a magazine).

Директор обещал включать новые пункты в повестку дня каждую неделю.

Они продолжают включать в состав делегации только опытных специалистов.

Reflexive Form: Включаться
The reflexive version, 'включаться', means 'to turn on' (intransitive, like a light that turns on automatically) or 'to join in/get involved'. For instance, 'включаться в работу' means to start working actively or to join a workflow.

Свет начинает включаться автоматически при наступлении сумерек.

Нам нужно, чтобы каждый сотрудник начал активно включаться в процесс обсуждения.

When using the verb with abstract concepts, it functions as a synonym for 'contain' or 'consist of'. In the sentence 'Курс включает десять лекций', the verb describes the composition of the course. This is a very common way to describe features of products or services in marketing. Mastery of these patterns allows for fluid expression in both technical and descriptive Russian.
In the modern Russian-speaking world, you will encounter включать almost everywhere, from domestic settings to high-tech corporate environments. Its frequency is driven by our heavy reliance on technology and the constant need to categorize information.
In the Home
The most common auditory experience of this word is in requests or daily routines. 'Включи чайник' (Turn on the kettle) or 'Не включай телевизор, я сплю' (Don't turn on the TV, I'm sleeping). It is the standard verb for any electronic interaction.

Мама всегда просит включать свет в коридоре по вечерам.

Public Spaces and Transport
On a bus or in a taxi, you might hear a passenger ask the driver, 'Можно включить кондиционер?' (Can you turn on the air conditioner?). In winter, the discussion often revolves around when the city will включать отопление (turn on the central heating), a major event in Russian urban life.

Водитель начал включать обогрев салона, как только похолодало.

Нам нужно включать всех сотрудников в почтовую рассылку.

The Internet and Apps
Digital interfaces use this word for 'enabling' features. 'Включать уведомления' (Enable notifications) or 'Включать режим полёта' (Turn on airplane mode). If you use your phone in Russian, you will see this verb dozens of times a day.

Смартфон предлагает включать экономию энергии при низком заряде.

Инструктор учит курсантов правильно включать поворотники при маневре.

Whether you are browsing a website, riding the metro, or discussing a contract, 'включать' is the linguistic bridge between the potential and the actual, the outside and the inside. Its ubiquitous presence makes it a high-priority word for achieving natural-sounding speech.
Despite its relative simplicity, включать is often a source of errors for English speakers due to literal translations and aspectual confusion.
The 'Open' Mistake
A classic error for beginners (and even some intermediate learners) is using 'открывать' (to open) instead of 'включать' for lights or water. In some languages, you 'open the light.' In Russian, you включаете свет. Using 'открывать' for a TV or a lamp sounds very strange to a native ear.

Не говори 'открой свет', правильно говорить 'включи свет'.

Aspect Confusion
Learners often use the imperfective 'включать' when they should use the perfective 'включить'. Remember: if it's a specific, one-off request or action with a clear result, use 'включить'. Use 'включать' for habits, processes, or after verbs like 'начинать' (to begin) or 'продолжать' (to continue).

Я начал включать компьютер каждое утро для проверки почты.

Важно включать в отчёт только проверенные данные.

Confusion with 'Зажигать'
While 'зажигать' means 'to light' (like a candle or a fire), some learners use it for electric lights. While not technically 'wrong' in a poetic sense, 'включать' is the standard for anything electric. Use 'включать' for your flashlight, not 'зажигать'.

Ты не должен включать фары так рано, ещё светло.

Перестань включать музыку на полную громкость!

Avoiding these pitfalls requires a shift in thinking: see 'включать' as the universal 'ON' button and the universal 'ADD TO SET' function. By focusing on the result—either power flowing or a set expanding—you will intuitively choose the right word.
Russian has several words that overlap with включать, and choosing the right one depends on the nuance you want to convey.
Запускать vs. Включать
'Запускать' (to launch/start) is often used for complex systems, software programs, or engines. While you 'включаешь' a computer, you 'запускаешь' a specific application. 'Запускать' implies starting a process that continues, whereas 'включать' focuses on the power state.

Тебе нужно включать сервер перед тем, как запускать базу данных.

Добавлять vs. Включать
In the context of inclusion, 'добавлять' (to add) is more common when referring to adding a single item to a pile or a list. 'Включать' sounds more formal and often implies that the item becomes a defining part of the whole. For example, you 'добавляешь' sugar to tea, but you 'включаешь' a new clause in a treaty.

Мы можем включать в группу только тех, кто сдал экзамен.

Не забудь включать микрофон во время видеозвонка.

Вносить vs. Включать
'Вносить' (to bring in/enter) is used for data entry or making changes to a document. 'Вносить правки' (to make edits) or 'вносить имя в список' (to enter a name in a list). 'Включать' is the result of that action—the name is now included.

Они планируют включать новые технологии в производство ежегодно.

Система будет автоматически включать свет при входе в комнату.

Understanding these synonyms allows you to be more precise. Use 'включать' for power and formal inclusion, 'запускать' for software/engines, 'добавлять' for simple addition, and 'подключать' for network or physical connections. This level of precision is what separates a B1 learner from a C1 fluent speaker.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

"Мы обязаны включать данные о прибыли в годовой отчёт."

중립

"Я всегда включаю свет, когда прихожу домой."

비격식체

"Хватит включать дурака, ты всё понял."

Child friendly

"Малыш, не надо включать телевизор без мамы."

속어

"Он включил заднюю, как только запахло жареным."

재미있는 사실

The root 'ключ' originally referred to a hooked stick or a tool for locking. Thus, 'включать' literally meant 'to key in' or 'to hook into' a system.

발음 가이드

UK /vklʲʊˈt͡ɕætʲ/
US /vkljuˈt͡ʃatʲ/
включАть
라임이 맞는 단어
кричать (to scream) молчать (to be silent) стучать (to knock) звучать (to sound) торчать (to stick out) встречать (to meet) качать (to rock/pump) венчать (to crown)
자주 하는 실수
  • Stressing the first syllable (вклЮчать) - incorrect.
  • Making the 'l' hard (вклучать) instead of soft (включать).
  • Pronouncing 'ч' like 'ш' (вклюшать) - incorrect.
  • Forgetting the soft sign 'ь' at the end.
  • Confusing stress with the perfective form (включИть).

난이도

독해 2/5

Very common, easily recognizable in text.

쓰기 3/5

Requires knowledge of the accusative case and aspectual pairs.

말하기 3/5

Must distinguish between physical and abstract usage and avoid 'открывать'.

듣기 2/5

Clear pronunciation and high frequency make it easy to hear.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

свет список компьютер телевизор в и

다음에 배울 것

выключать включить исключать подключать состоять

고급

вкрапление приключение заключение исключительный

알아야 할 문법

Accusative Case for Direct Objects

Я включаю (что?) телевизор.

Imperfective Aspect for Habits

Я всегда включаю свет в это время.

Preposition 'В' for Inclusion

Мы включаем его в (куда?) список.

Reflexive '-ся' for Intransitive/Passive

Свет включается автоматически.

First Conjugation Verb Endings

Они включа-ют.

수준별 예문

1

Я включаю свет.

I turn on the light.

Present tense, 1st person singular.

2

Включи телевизор!

Turn on the TV!

Imperative mood (informal).

3

Он включает радио.

He turns on the radio.

Present tense, 3rd person singular.

4

Мы включаем лампу.

We turn on the lamp.

Present tense, 1st person plural.

5

Ты включаешь компьютер?

Are you turning on the computer?

Interrogative sentence, 2nd person singular.

6

Она включает музыку.

She turns on music.

Present tense, 3rd person singular.

7

Пожалуйста, включите свет.

Please turn on the light.

Imperative mood (formal/plural).

8

Я всегда включаю чайник утром.

I always turn on the kettle in the morning.

Habitual action in present tense.

1

Завтрак включает кофе и чай.

Breakfast includes coffee and tea.

Inclusion meaning, 3rd person singular.

2

Я включаю компьютер каждый день.

I turn on the computer every day.

Frequency adverb 'каждый день'.

3

Мы включаем эти книги в список.

We are including these books in the list.

Inclusion with preposition 'в' and accusative.

4

Он не любит включать кондиционер.

He doesn't like to turn on the air conditioner.

Infinitive after 'не любит'.

5

Ты часто включаешь этот сериал?

Do you often turn on this series?

Using 'включать' for digital media.

6

Она начала включать свет вечером.

She started turning on the light in the evening.

Infinitive after 'начала'.

7

Этот тур включает экскурсии.

This tour includes excursions.

Describing features of a service.

8

Вы включаете отопление зимой?

Do you turn on the heating in winter?

Present tense, formal/plural.

1

Нам нужно включать новые слова в словарь.

We need to include new words in the dictionary.

Modal construction 'нужно' + infinitive.

2

Почему ты не включаешь телефон?

Why don't you turn on your phone?

Interrogative with negation.

3

Программа включает три этапа.

The program includes three stages.

Abstract inclusion.

4

Я включаю воображение, когда пишу.

I turn on my imagination when I write.

Metaphorical use.

5

Он решил включать спорт в свой график.

He decided to include sport in his schedule.

Inclusion in a schedule.

6

Они начали включать его в команду.

They started including him in the team.

Social inclusion.

7

Не забывай включать поворотники.

Don't forget to use (turn on) the turn signals.

Instruction/habit.

8

Этот план включает все расходы.

This plan includes all expenses.

Financial context.

1

Директор будет включать этот вопрос в повестку.

The director will include this question in the agenda.

Future compound tense.

2

Важно включать всех сотрудников в процесс.

It is important to involve (include) all employees in the process.

Impersonal construction 'важно' + infinitive.

3

Система будет автоматически включать свет.

The system will automatically turn on the light.

Adverbial modification 'автоматически'.

4

Он продолжает включать дурака.

He continues to play the fool.

Idiomatic expression.

5

Мы планируем включать новые функции в приложение.

We plan to include new features in the app.

Software development context.

6

Цена не включает налоги.

The price does not include taxes.

Commercial context.

7

Она часто включает обаяние на переговорах.

She often turns on the charm during negotiations.

Metaphorical/social use.

8

Вам следует включать больше овощей в рацион.

You should include more vegetables in your diet.

Advice using 'следует'.

1

Его теория включает элементы психоанализа.

His theory incorporates elements of psychoanalysis.

Academic/abstract context.

2

Не стоит включать эмоции в это дело.

It's not worth involving emotions in this matter.

Abstract exclusion of feelings.

3

Автор решил включать в роман реальные письма.

The author decided to include real letters in the novel.

Literary composition.

4

Проект должен включать экологическую экспертизу.

The project must include an environmental impact assessment.

Technical/legal requirement.

5

Он начал активно включаться в общественную жизнь.

He began to actively get involved in public life.

Reflexive form 'включаться'.

6

Закон будет включать новые поправки.

The law will include new amendments.

Legal context.

7

Мы не можем включать этот риск в страховку.

We cannot include this risk in the insurance.

Risk management context.

8

Она умеет включать холодный расчет в нужный момент.

She knows how to turn on cold calculation at the right moment.

Psychological/strategic use.

1

Данная парадигма включает в себя концепцию бытия.

This paradigm incorporates the concept of being.

Highly abstract philosophical use.

2

Необходимо включать механизмы саморегуляции.

It is necessary to activate self-regulation mechanisms.

Scientific/systemic context.

3

Его стиль включает в себя черты барокко и модерна.

His style encompasses features of Baroque and Art Nouveau.

Art criticism context.

4

Они пытаются включать заднюю в последний момент.

They are trying to backtrack at the last moment.

Slang/idiomatic use (включать заднюю).

5

Процесс познания должен включать критический анализ.

The process of cognition must include critical analysis.

Epistemological context.

6

Власть должна включать оппозицию в диалог.

The authorities must include the opposition in the dialogue.

Political discourse.

7

Эта мера включает в себя целый комплекс санкций.

This measure includes a whole complex of sanctions.

Geopolitical context.

8

Мы не должны включать предвзятость в наше суждение.

We must not include bias in our judgment.

Ethical/judicial context.

자주 쓰는 조합

включать свет
включать телевизор
включать в список
включать в состав
включать музыку
включать компьютер
включать отопление
включать пункт
включать воображение
включать фары

자주 쓰는 구문

включать дурака

— To pretend to be stupid or ignorant to avoid trouble.

Хватит включать дурака, ты всё прекрасно понимаешь.

включать заднюю

— To back out of a commitment or backtrack on a decision.

Он обещал помочь, но в последний момент включил заднюю.

включать мозги

— To start thinking seriously or logically.

Тебе пора включать мозги и начинать учиться.

включать режим...

— To enter a certain state of mind or behavior (e.g., 'turbo mode').

Я включаю режим экономии времени.

включать игнор

— To start ignoring someone deliberately.

Она просто включила игнор и не отвечает на звонки.

включать на полную

— To turn something (usually volume) to its maximum.

Соседи опять включили музыку на полную.

включать в себя

— To consist of or incorporate within itself.

Этот набор включает в себя всё необходимое.

включать по умолчанию

— To have something enabled by default.

Эта функция включается по умолчанию.

включать свет в конце тоннеля

— To show hope in a difficult situation (figurative).

Их поддержка включила свет в конце тоннеля для нас.

включать скорость

— To shift gears or speed up (literally or figuratively).

Гонщик начал включать следующую скорость.

자주 혼동되는 단어

включать vs открывать

Learners use this for lights/TVs, but it only means physical opening (doors/books).

включать vs зажигать

Used for fire/candles; 'включать' is for electric lights.

включать vs подключать

Means 'to connect' to a network/source, not necessarily to power 'on'.

관용어 및 표현

"включать дурака"

— Pretending not to understand something simple to evade responsibility.

Не включай дурака, ты знаешь, чья это вина.

Informal
"включать заднюю передачу"

— To retreat from a previously held position or promise.

Когда дело дошло до оплаты, он включил заднюю передачу.

Slang
"включать обаяние"

— To deliberately use one's charm to influence others.

Она умеет включать обаяние, чтобы получить скидку.

Neutral
"включать зелёный свет"

— To give permission or a 'go-ahead' for a project.

Директор включил зелёный свет нашему стартапу.

Idiomatic
"включать в игру"

— To involve someone in an activity or scheme.

Нас решили включить в игру без нашего согласия.

Neutral
"включать тормоза"

— To slow down or stop an action/behavior.

Тебе пора включать тормоза с этими тратами.

Informal
"включать стерву"

— To start behaving in a mean or manipulative way (usually female).

Она иногда включает стерву, когда не получает своего.

Slang
"включать мачо"

— To start behaving with exaggerated masculinity.

Он всегда включает мачо перед девушками.

Informal
"включать голову"

— To use common sense or think critically.

Прежде чем подписывать, нужно включать голову.

Colloquial
"включать счётчик"

— To start a countdown or a metaphorical interest on a debt.

Бандиты включили счётчик, когда он не отдал долг.

Criminal Slang/Informal

혼동하기 쉬운

включать vs включить

It is the perfective partner.

Включать is for habits/processes; включить is for one-time results.

Я включаю (habit) свет каждый день. Я включил (result) свет сейчас.

включать vs выключать

Similar sound, opposite meaning.

Включать is ON; выключать is OFF.

Включи свет! Нет, выключи его!

включать vs заключать

Same root and prefix structure.

Заключать means 'to conclude' (a contract) or 'to imprison'.

Мы заключаем договор.

включать vs исключать

Opposite logic of inclusion.

Включать is to add; исключать is to remove/exclude.

Его исключили из школы.

включать vs переключать

Same root.

Переключать means 'to switch' (e.g., channels or gears).

Переключи канал, этот скучный.

문장 패턴

A1

Я включаю [Object in Accusative].

Я включаю свет.

A2

[Subject] включает [Object] в [Group in Accusative].

Отель включает завтрак в цену.

B1

Нам нужно включать [Object] в [Group].

Нам нужно включать эти слова в список.

B1

[Subject] начинает включать [Object].

Он начинает включать музыку.

B2

[Object] включается автоматически.

Свет включается автоматически.

B2

[Subject] не должен включать [Abstract Object].

Ты не должен включать эмоции.

C1

[Concept] включает в себя [Components].

Эта теория включает в себя три идеи.

C2

[Subject] умело включает [Metaphorical Object].

Она умело включает обаяние.

어휘 가족

명사

동사

형용사

관련

사용법

frequency

Extremely high in daily, technical, and business speech.

자주 하는 실수
  • Открывать свет Включать свет

    In Russian, lights are 'activated', not 'opened'.

  • Включать в списке Включать в список

    Use the accusative case (destination), not the prepositional case (location).

  • Я включил свет каждый день Я включал/включаю свет каждый день

    Don't use perfective for habitual actions.

  • Вклучать Включать

    The 'l' must be soft (ль) because of the following 'u' sound (represented by 'ю' in the root).

  • Включать телевизор на кухне Включать телевизор в кухне (or just 'на кухне' for location)

    Confusion between including 'into' a group vs. location of the action.

Aspect Check

Always check if you're talking about a habit or a one-time thing. Use 'включать' for 'I always do this'.

The 'ON' Button

Think of 'включать' as the universal 'ON' button for anything electrical.

Charm Offensive

Use 'включать обаяние' when you want to describe someone being intentionally charming.

Don't Open Lights

Never say 'открой свет'. It's the most common mistake for English speakers.

Agenda Setting

Use 'включать в повестку' to sound professional in meetings.

Key to Success

Remember the root 'ключ' (key). You need a key to 'включать' a system.

Avoid the Fool

Be careful with 'включать дурака'—it's funny but can be insulting.

Phone Settings

Change your phone language to Russian; you'll see 'включать' everywhere in settings.

Public Transport

Listen for 'включать кондиционер' on buses; it's a common passenger request.

List Making

When making a list, say 'Я включаю это в список' to practice the preposition 'в'.

암기하기

기억법

Think of a 'CLUE' (sounds like 'клю'). You need a key (ключ) to turn ON the light or to get INTO a group. 'V-KLYU-chat' = 'Into-Key-ing'.

시각적 연상

Imagine a giant golden key (ключ) being inserted into a wall to turn on the sun, or a key being used to unlock a door to let someone join a club.

Word Web

ключ (key) свет (light) список (list) телевизор (TV) состав (composition) автоматически (automatically) кнопка (button) система (system)

챌린지

Try to use 'включать' three times today: once for a light, once for a computer, and once when talking about a list of things you need to do.

어원

From the Old East Slavic 'ключати', related to the word 'ключ' (key). The prefix 'в-' means 'in' or 'into'.

원래 의미: To lock in or to use a key to enter/activate.

Indo-European > Slavic > East Slavic > Russian.

문화적 맥락

No specific sensitivities, but 'включать дурака' can be seen as slightly rude or dismissive depending on the tone.

English speakers often say 'open the light' (influenced by other languages), but in Russian, 'включать' is strictly for electronics, whereas 'открывать' is for physical doors/windows.

The song 'Включи свет' (Turn on the light) by various Russian pop artists. Soviet slogans about 'включение' the masses into the building of socialism. Technical manuals for the 'Vostok' spacecraft using 'включать' for system activation.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

At Home

  • включить свет
  • включить чайник
  • включить музыку
  • включить плиту

At the Office

  • включить в повестку
  • включить в отчёт
  • включить компьютер
  • включить в список рассылки

Travel/Hotel

  • завтрак включён
  • включать кондиционер
  • включать отопление
  • включать в стоимость

Technology

  • включать уведомления
  • включать режим полёта
  • включать Bluetooth
  • включать камеру

Social Situations

  • включать обаяние
  • включать дурака
  • включаться в беседу
  • включать музыку на вечеринке

대화 시작하기

"Ты часто включаешь телевизор по вечерам или предпочитаешь интернет?"

"Какие услуги обычно должен включать в себя хороший отель?"

"Почему некоторые люди любят включать музыку очень громко в машине?"

"Как часто ты включаешь режим экономии энергии на своём телефоне?"

"Включаешь ли ты в свой рацион витамины и полезные добавки?"

일기 주제

Опиши свой утренний распорядок. Что ты включаешь первым делом?

Напиши о случае, когда кто-то 'включил дурака' в разговоре с тобой.

Какие важные пункты ты бы хотел включать в свой идеальный рабочий контракт?

Расскажи о песне, которую ты включаешь, когда тебе грустно или весело.

Должно ли государство включать бесплатный интернет в список базовых прав человека?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Usually, for a water tap, Russians use 'открывать' (to open) or 'включать воду' (to turn on the water). Both are acceptable, but 'открывать кран' is more common for the physical act of turning the handle.

'Добавлять' is simple addition (like adding salt). 'Включать' implies the item becomes a component of a larger structure or system (like including a clause in a contract).

It is informal and can be rude. It suggests the person is being dishonest about their understanding. Use it only with friends or in very informal settings.

It follows the standard pattern: включал (masculine), включала (feminine), включало (neuter), включали (plural).

Only when you are specifying what group something is being included into. 'Я включаю его' (I include him) vs 'Я включаю его в команду' (I include him in the team).

Usually, we use 'заводить' for an engine, but you can say 'включать зажигание' (to turn on the ignition).

It is the gerund form meaning 'including'. For example: 'Все пришли, включая Ивана' (Everyone came, including Ivan).

Yes, etymologically it means 'to key in' or 'to activate with a key'.

You say 'включать обаяние'.

Yes, 'включать фары' is the standard way to say turn on the headlights.

셀프 테스트 200 질문

writing

Translate to Russian: 'I turn on the light every evening.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'The price includes breakfast.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'We need to include him in the group.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'Stop playing the fool!' (using the idiom)

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'He forgot to turn on the computer.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'The tour includes five cities.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'Why are you turning on the music so loud?'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'I include this point in the report.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'The light turns on automatically.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'Don't forget to use your turn signals.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'She always turns on the kettle first.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'They are including new features in the app.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'We are turning on the heating today.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'You should turn on your imagination.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'The menu includes wine.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'I am turning on airplane mode.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'He is turning on the charm.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'We include all participants in the list.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'I usually turn on the radio in the morning.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate to Russian: 'The system includes backup power.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'I always turn on the light in the morning.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'Does the price include breakfast?'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'Turn on the TV, please.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'I am including you in the list.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'He is playing the fool again.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'We are turning on the air conditioner.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'I don't like to turn on the music loud.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'Don't forget to turn on the phone.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'The course includes five lessons.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'She turns on the charm at meetings.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'I am turning on the computer now.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'They always include tax in the bill.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'I am turning on the heater.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'Why do you include him in the team?'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'The light is turning on automatically.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'I'm turning on the kettle for tea.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'We need to include more details.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'Stop turning on the radio!'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'I include exercise in my daily routine.'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say in Russian: 'Can you turn on the light?'

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Я включаю свет.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Мы включаем завтрак в стоимость.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Он включает музыку на полную.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Она включает обаяние.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Включайте поворотники.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Я включаю компьютер.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Они включают его в список.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Не включай дурака.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Свет включается сам.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Мы включаем отопление.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Я включаю чайник.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Включайте воображение.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Цена включает налог.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Я включаю режим полёта.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen and identify the action: 'Включите кондиционер.'

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

/ 200 correct

Perfect score!

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