B1 verb 중립 1분 분량

消灭

xiaomie /ɕjɑʊ miɛ̂/
Practice it

消灭 signifies the total eradication of something, ranging from military targets to a plate of snacks.

30초 단어

  • To completely eliminate, wipe out, or destroy something.
  • Commonly used for enemies, pests, or social problems like poverty.
  • Used informally/humorously to mean finishing a plate of food.

概览：'消灭'是一个含义强烈的动词，核心意思是使某个对象彻底消失，通常涉及主动的清除、打击或破坏。它既可以用于具体的敌人或害虫，也可以用于抽象的社会问题。

  1. 1用法模式：最常见的结构是'消灭 + 宾语'。由于其彻底性，它常与'彻底'、'全部'等副词连用。在被动语态中，常使用'被...消灭'。

常见语境：在军事和战争语境中，指歼灭敌军；在公共卫生和农业中，指根除病毒或害虫；在社会学中，指消除贫困、文盲等负面现象。此外，在现代口语中，它常被幽默地用来形容吃光食物，暗示吃得很快很干净。

  1. 1近义词辨析：与'消除'相比，'消灭'的对象通常是更具实体性或更顽固的（如敌人、害虫），而'消除'多用于抽象的障碍或负面情绪（如消除疲劳、消除误会）。'消灭'强调结果是完全不存在，而'消除'侧重于使影响消失。

예시

1

人类历史上第一次消灭了天花病毒。

scientific

For the first time in human history, smallpox was eliminated.

2

我们必须消灭浪费现象。

formal

We must eliminate the phenomenon of waste.

3

看我怎么消灭这碗面！

informal

Watch me finish off this bowl of noodles!

4

敌军在山谷中被彻底消灭了。

military

The enemy troops were completely wiped out in the valley.

자주 쓰는 조합

消灭敌人 Eliminate the enemy
消灭贫困 Eradicate poverty
消灭害虫 Exterminate pests
消灭证据 Destroy evidence

자주 쓰는 구문

消灭殆尽

To be completely wiped out

彻底消灭

Thoroughly eliminate

자주 혼동되는 단어

消灭 vs 消除

Eliminate/Remove. Used for abstract obstacles, doubts, or feelings (e.g., remove fatigue).

消灭 vs 消失

Disappear. An intransitive verb; something vanishes on its own without an object.

문법 패턴

消灭 + 宾语 把 + 宾语 + 消灭(掉) 被 + (主语) + 消灭

How to Use It

사용 참고사항

In formal writing, '消灭' is used for high-stakes eradication (war, disease, social ills). In daily life, it's almost exclusively used for pests (mosquitoes, cockroaches) or humorously for food. Avoid using it for positive things or neutral people.

자주 하는 실수

A common mistake is using '消灭' for abstract feelings where '消除' is needed (e.g., saying '消灭误会' instead of '消除误会'). Another mistake is using it as an intransitive verb like 'disappear'.

Tips

💡

Use for negative targets primarily

In formal contexts, always pair '消灭' with things society wants to get rid of, like poverty or diseases.

⚠️

Don't confuse with 'Disappear'

Remember that '消灭' is something you DO to something else, while '消失' (disappear) is something that happens on its own.

🌍

The 'Clean Plate' humor

Using '消灭' for food shows a friendly, hearty appetite and is a common way to compliment the cook indirectly.

어원

From '消' (to melt/dissipate) and '灭' (to extinguish/destroy). Historically used in military strategy and later expanded to general eradication.

문화적 맥락

In China's 'Clean Your Plate' campaigns, '消灭' is sometimes used jokingly to encourage people not to waste food by 'eliminating' everything on the table.

암기 팁

The character '消' means to vanish (like melting water), and '灭' means to extinguish a fire. Together, they mean to make something go 'poof' and disappear completely.

자주 묻는 질문

4 질문

“消灭”程度更重，常用于具体事物如敌人或害虫，强调使其不存在；“消除”常用于抽象事物如误会、疲劳或隐患。

非常合适，特别是当你开玩笑说要把桌上的菜全部吃光时，这是一种很接地气的表达。

它本身是中性的，但由于宾语通常是负面事物（如敌人、病菌），它往往带有积极的行动色彩。

在军事语境下指歼灭敌军。在日常生活中对个人使用会显得非常暴力，除非是开玩笑（如消灭某个游戏角色）。

셀프 테스트

fill blank

科学家们希望能在十年内彻底___这种传染病。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답: 消灭

对于传染病这种具体的有害事物，使用“消灭”表示彻底根除最合适。

multiple choice

选出正确选项：

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답: 这盘红烧肉很快就被大家消灭了。

将“消灭”用于食物是口语中的夸张修辞，指吃光。

sentence building

把 / 很快 / 零食 / 弟弟 / 消灭 / 了 / 那些

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답: 弟弟很快把那些零食消灭了。

这是标准的“把”字句结构：主语 + 时间状语 + 把 + 宾语 + 动词 + 结果补语。

점수: /3

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