이 페이지를 내 언어로
English العربية Deutsch Español Français 日本語 Português हिन्दी فارسی 中文
B1 noun 중립 3분 분량

零散

lingsan /lǐŋsǎn/
연습하기

Overview

The Chinese word '零散' (língsǎn) is a versatile adjective that describes something as scattered, fragmented, or sporadic. It conveys a sense of disarray, lack of concentration, or irregularity. Let's break down its nuances and usage.

Core Meanings:

  1. 1Scattered/Dispersed: This is perhaps the most literal meaning. Imagine a group of people or objects spread out without order, rather than being gathered together. For example, '零散的观众' (língsǎn de guānzhòng) refers to a scattered audience, meaning there aren't many people and they are spread thinly across an area. '零散的资料' (língsǎn de zīliào) could mean scattered pieces of information, suggesting they are not organized or collected in one place.
  1. 1Fragmented/Dismantled: When something that was once whole or integrated is broken into smaller, disconnected parts, '零散' can be used. Think of '零散的片段' (língsǎn de piànduàn) meaning fragmented clips or scattered fragments (e.g., of a memory or a story). '零散的零件' (língsǎn de língjiàn) would be individual, unattached parts of a machine.
  1. 1Sporadic/Occasional: This meaning emphasizes irregularity in time or occurrence. If events happen '零散地' (língsǎn de), it means they occur here and there, not consistently or in a steady stream. For instance, '零散的雨' (língsǎn de yǔ) refers to sporadic rain showers, meaning it rains intermittently. '零散的活动' (língsǎn de huódòng) could describe occasional activities that don't follow a regular schedule.

Grammatical Function:

'零散' primarily functions as an adjective, modifying nouns. It can also be used adverbially with the addition of '地' (de), forming '零散地', to describe how an action is performed.

Common Collocations and Usage Examples:

  • 零散的人群 (língsǎn de rénqún): Scattered crowd
  • 零散的房屋 (língsǎn de fángwū): Scattered houses (e.g., in a rural area)
  • 零散的知识 (língsǎn de zhīshi): Fragmented knowledge (not systematic)
  • 零散的信息 (língsǎn de xìnxī): Scattered/fragmented information
  • 零散的记忆 (língsǎn de jìyì): Fragmented memories
  • 零散地分布 (língsǎn de fēnbù): To be scattered/distributed sporadically
  • 零散地出现 (língsǎn de chūxiàn): To appear sporadically/occasionally

Distinction from Similar Words:

While '零散' shares some semantic overlap with words like '分散' (fēnsàn - to disperse, distribute) or '碎裂' (suìliè - to shatter, break into pieces), it often carries a stronger connotation of disorder or lack of coherence, especially when referring to abstract concepts like information or knowledge.

In summary, '零散' is a useful term to describe things that are not together, not whole, or not regular. It paints a picture of something being spread out, broken apart, or occurring intermittently.

예시

1

这本书收集了零散的民间故事。

literature

This book collects scattered folk tales.

2

他做事情总是很零散，没有一个整体的计划。

work/life management

He always does things in a fragmented way, without an overall plan.

3

市面上有些零散的股份可以购买。

finance

There are some sporadic shares available for purchase in the market.

4

经历了一些零散的挫折后，他终于成功了。

personal development

After some sporadic setbacks, he finally succeeded.

5

这些零散的信息很难拼凑成一个完整的画面。

information processing

It's hard to piece together a complete picture from these fragmented pieces of information.

자주 쓰는 조합

零散的知识
零散的物品
零散的分布
显得零散

자주 혼동되는 단어

零散 대 零碎 (língsuì)
零散 emphasizes scatteredness, while 零碎 focuses on small, broken pieces. For example, 零散的物品 (scattered items) vs. 零碎的布料 (fragmented cloth).
零散 대 分散 (fēnsàn)
零散 often implies a natural state of being scattered or sporadic, while 分散 suggests an action of distributing or spreading out. For instance, 零散的分布 (scattered distribution) vs. 分散注意力 (distribute attention).

문법 패턴

零散 + 的 + Noun (e.g., 零散的资料 - scattered data, 零散的顾客 - sporadic customers) Noun + 很/非常 + 零散 (e.g., 人群很零散 - the crowd is very scattered) 零散地 + Verb (e.g., 零散地分布 - sporadically distributed)

사용법

사용 참고사항

When using '零散' (língsǎn), it's important to consider the specific nuance you want to convey. While it can describe physical scattering, like '零散的星星' (língsǎn de xīngxīng - scattered stars), it's more frequently used for abstract concepts. It's often paired with nouns like '信息' (xìnxī - information), '知识' (zhīshì - knowledge), '时间' (shíjiān - time), '力量' (lìliàng - strength/power), or '资源' (zīyuán - resources) to indicate that these elements are not concentrated, integrated, or efficiently utilized. For example, '零散的时间' (língsǎn de shíjiān) refers to small, fragmented blocks of time that are difficult to use productively. Avoid using it for things that are intentionally spread out or where the scattering is neutral or positive, such as '分散' (fēnsàn), which might be more appropriate for distributed elements. '零散' often implies a minor problem or inefficiency, suggesting a need for collection, organization, or consolidation.

자주 하는 실수

One common mistake is confusing '零散' with similar-sounding or looking words. For example, '凌乱' (língluàn) also means 'messy' or 'disordered,' but '零散' specifically emphasizes the *fragmented* or *sporadic* nature, often referring to things that are not organized or connected. '凌乱' can apply to a messy room, while '零散' might describe scattered thoughts or sporadic rainfall. Another mistake is using it when a more specific term like '分散' (fēnsàn - dispersed, distributed) or '稀疏' (xīshū - sparse, scattered thinly) would be more appropriate. While '零散' implies scattering, it carries a stronger connotation of being in small, disconnected pieces or occurring irregularly, whereas '分散' or '稀疏' might describe a more even, albeit spread-out, distribution. Always consider the nuance of 'fragmented' or 'sporadic' when choosing '零散'.

팁

💡

Usage Contexts of '零散'

'零散' (língsǎn) describes things that are scattered, fragmented, or sporadic. It can be used to characterize objects, ideas, or even people. For example, '零散的纸张' (língsǎn de zhǐzhāng) refers to scattered papers, '零散的思绪' (língsǎn de sīxù) means fragmented thoughts, and '零散的人群' (língsǎn de rénqún) describes a sporadic crowd. The nuance often implies a lack of order, coherence, or completeness. It can also suggest small, individual pieces rather than a unified whole.
💡

Distinguishing '零散' from Similar Terms

While '零散' conveys a sense of scattering or fragmentation, it's important to differentiate it from similar terms. For instance, '分散' (fēnsàn) also means scattered, but it often implies a deliberate act of spreading out or distributing, whereas '零散' might describe a natural state of disarray. '碎片' (suìpiàn) refers to fragments or shattered pieces, which can be a result of something being '零散,' but '零散' itself is a broader descriptor of the state rather than the specific broken pieces. '稀疏' (xīshū) means sparse, which is similar but '零散' emphasizes the individual, often disconnected nature of the items. Understanding these subtle differences helps in accurate usage.
💡

Practical Application of '零散'

To effectively use '零散,' consider the context and the specific aspect of scattering or fragmentation you want to emphasize. If you're describing physical objects, think about what makes them appear unorganized. If it's abstract concepts, consider why they lack coherence. For example, in a business context, you might talk about '零散的客户反馈' (língsǎn de kèhù fǎnkuì), meaning fragmented customer feedback, which could indicate a need for a more structured collection method. In writing, using '零散' can add vividness to descriptions, such as '零散的记忆' (língsǎn de jìyì) for fragmented memories, evoking a sense of incomplete recollection. Practicing with various sentence structures will solidify your understanding.

어원

The Chinese word '零散' (língsǎn) is composed of two characters: '零' (líng) and '散' (sǎn). '零' (líng) historically referred to a small rain or drizzle, suggesting something sparse, scattered, or fractional. In ancient times, it also came to denote remnants, odd pieces, or a fraction of a whole. Its oracle bone script shows drops of water, evolving to represent small, numerous things. '散' (sǎn) originally depicted something being scattered, dispersed, or spread out. Its early forms show an image of meat being distributed or separated, which then extended to mean to break up, to separate, or to be loose. When combined, '零散' (língsǎn) thus powerfully conveys the idea of things being in small, separated pieces, not cohesive, and spread out in a non-uniform manner. This combination reinforces the notion of fragmentation and sparsity. Over time, its meaning broadened from physical scattering to include abstract concepts like sporadic occurrences, fragmented information, or disorganized states. Its usage can be found in various classical texts describing broken formations, scattered populations, or dispersed materials, solidifying its meaning as 'scattered,' 'fragmented,' or 'sporadic' in modern Chinese.

문화적 맥락

The word '零散' (língsǎn) in Chinese carries a nuanced cultural context beyond its direct translations of 'scattered,' 'fragmented,' or 'sporadic.' It often implies a lack of cohesion, organization, or unity, which can be viewed negatively in a culture that traditionally values harmony and order. For instance, '零散的资料' (língsǎn de zīliào) refers to fragmented information, suggesting incompleteness or difficulty in forming a comprehensive understanding. In a social context, '零散的群体' (língsǎn de qúntǐ) could describe a loosely connected group, lacking strong bonds or a common purpose. This term can also subtly convey a sense of inefficiency or disarray, particularly when applied to tasks or resources. It’s less about simple dispersal and more about the implications of that dispersal in terms of effectiveness and coherence within a structured society.

암기 팁

The character '零' (líng) means 'zero' or 'fragments,' and '散' (sǎn) means 'scattered.' Think of '零' as small pieces or fragments, and '散' as them being spread out. So, '零散' literally paints a picture of scattered fragments. To remember it, imagine a pile of something, like puzzle pieces, being broken into small '零' fragments and then '散' scattered all over the floor. This visual helps connect the meaning of scattered, fragmented, or sporadic.

자주 묻는 질문

4 질문
'零散' (língsǎn) is a Chinese adjective that describes something as scattered, fragmented, or sporadic. It suggests a lack of concentration or organization, where elements are dispersed rather than grouped together. For example, you might use it to describe scattered documents, fragmented information, or sporadic rainfall. It conveys a sense of irregularity and disunity.
Certainly! You could say, '他的思绪很零散，很难集中注意力。' (Tā de sīxù hěn língsǎn, hěn nán jízhōng zhùyìlì.) This translates to, 'His thoughts are very scattered, making it difficult to concentrate.' Another example could be, '市场上有很多零散的摊位。' (Shìchǎng shàng yǒu hěn duō língsǎn de tānwèi.) which means, 'There are many scattered stalls in the market.'
Some synonyms for '零散' include '分散' (fēnsàn), which also means scattered or dispersed, and '稀疏' (xīshū), meaning sparse or thinly distributed. While they share similar meanings, '零散' often carries a stronger connotation of being disarranged or lacking order, whereas '分散' can simply mean spread out, and '稀疏' focuses on the density of distribution.
'零散' is frequently used in contexts where things are not neatly organized or complete. For instance, it can describe '零散的资料' (língsǎn de zīliào - scattered information), '零散的顾客' (língsǎn de gùkè - sporadic customers), or '零散的部件' (língsǎn de bùjiàn - fragmented parts). It effectively portrays a situation where elements are spread out, not cohesive, or occurring irregularly.

셀프 테스트

fill blank

街上____着几个行人。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
fill blank

这几本书是____的，不成套。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
fill blank

他们收集了一些____的资料。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

점수: /3

관련 콘텐츠

도움이 되었나요?

댓글 (0)

로그인하여 댓글 달기
아직 댓글이 없습니다. 첫 번째로 생각을 공유하세요!