B2 Case System 1 min read 쉬움

Genitive Case Markers (এর - er, র - r)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The Genitive case marks possession or relationship by adding -er (এর) to consonants and -r (র) to vowels.

  • Add -er (এর) to words ending in consonants: মানুষ (Manush) → মানুষের (Manusher - of the person).
  • Add -r (র) to words ending in vowels: বন্ধু (Bondhu) → বন্ধুর (Bondhur - of the friend).
  • Use it before postpositions like 'jonno' (for): আমার জন্য (Amar jonno - for me).
Noun + (এর / র) + Object 🏠

Genitive Suffix Rules

Ending Sound Suffix Example (Base) Example (Genitive) Meaning
Consonant
-er (এর)
মানুষ (Manush)
মানুষের (Manusher)
Of the person
Vowel (a, i, u, e, o)
-r (র)
বাড়ি (Bari)
বাড়ির (Barir)
Of the house
Vowel (a - formal/euphonic)
-yer (য়ের)
মা (Ma)
মায়ের (Mayer)
Of the mother
Animate Plural
-der (দের)
ছেলেরা (Chelera)
ছেলেদের (Cheleder)
Of the boys
Inanimate Plural
-gular/-gulo-r
বইগুলো (Boigulo)
বইগুলোর (Boigulor)
Of the books

Common Pronoun Genitives

Pronoun Genitive Form English
আমি (Ami)
আমার (Amar)
My
তুমি (Tumi)
তোমার (Tomar)
Your (Informal)
আপনি (Apni)
আপনার (Apnar)
Your (Formal)
সে (She)
তার (Tar)
His/Her (Neutral)
তিনি (Tini)
তাঁর (Tãr)
His/Her (Formal)
আমরা (Amra)
আমাদের (Amader)
Our
তারা (Tara)
তাদের (Tader)
Their

Meanings

The Genitive case indicates a relationship between two nouns, most commonly possession, origin, or association. It functions similarly to the English 's' or the preposition 'of'.

1

Ownership/Possession

Indicating that something belongs to a person or entity.

“রহিমের বাড়ি (Rohimer bari) - Rahim's house”

“মেয়েটির বই (Meyetir boi) - The girl's book”

2

Relationship

Defining family or social connections between people.

“আমার মা (Amar ma) - My mother”

“শিক্ষকের ছাত্র (Shikkhoker chatro) - The teacher's student”

3

Origin or Material

Describing what something is made of or where it comes from.

“মাটির পাত্র (Matir patro) - Earthen pot (Pot of earth)”

“ঢাকার মসলিন (Dhakar moslin) - Muslin of Dhaka”

4

Part-Whole Relationship

Indicating a component of a larger object or group.

“বইয়ের পাতা (Boiyer pata) - Page of the book”

“গাছের ডাল (Gacher dal) - Branch of the tree”

5

Time and Duration

Expressing a specific time frame or the length of an event.

“দুপুরের খাবার (Dupurer khabar) - Lunch (Food of noon)”

“এক মাসের ছুটি (Ek masher chuti) - One month's leave”

Reference Table

Reference table for Genitive Case Markers (এর - er, র - r)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Noun + er/r
বাবার বই (Father's book)
Negative (Possession)
Genitive + নেই (nei)
আমার কলম নেই (I don't have a pen)
Interrogative
Genitive + কি (ki)?
এটা কি তোমার? (Is this yours?)
With Postposition
Genitive + Postposition
স্কুলের পাশে (Beside the school)
Material
Material + er/r
কাঠের টেবিল (Wooden table)
Time
Time + er/r
সকালের হাওয়া (Morning air)
Relationship
Person + er/r
ভাইয়ের বন্ধু (Brother's friend)
Abstract
Concept + er/r
সুখের দিন (Days of happiness)

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
ইহা আমার বন্ধুর গৃহ। (Iha amar bondhur griho.)

ইহা আমার বন্ধুর গৃহ। (Iha amar bondhur griho.) (Socializing)

중립
এটা আমার বন্ধুর বাড়ি। (Eta amar bondhur bari.)

এটা আমার বন্ধুর বাড়ি। (Eta amar bondhur bari.) (Socializing)

비격식체
এটা আমার দোস্তের বাড়ি। (Eta amar doster bari.)

এটা আমার দোস্তের বাড়ি। (Eta amar doster bari.) (Socializing)

속어
এটা আমার জিব্রির ডেরা। (Eta amar jibrir dera.)

এটা আমার জিব্রির ডেরা। (Eta amar jibrir dera.) (Socializing)

The World of Genitive Relationships

Genitive (এর/র)

Possession

  • আমার বই My book

Material

  • সোনার হার Gold necklace

Time

  • রাতের আকাশ Night sky

Postposition

  • তোমার জন্য For you

Consonant vs. Vowel Endings

Consonant (-er)
বোন -> বোনের Sister -> Sister's
Vowel (-r)
ভাই -> ভাইয়ের Brother -> Brother's

Choosing the Right Suffix

1

Does the word end in a vowel?

YES
Add -r (র)
NO
Add -er (এর)
2

Is it an animate plural?

YES
Use -der (দের)
NO
Follow vowel/consonant rule

수준별 예문

1

আমার নাম রাহুল।

My name is Rahul.

2

এটা বাবার কলম।

This is father's pen.

3

তোমার বাড়ি কোথায়?

Where is your house?

4

মায়ের রান্না ভালো।

Mother's cooking is good.

1

বন্ধুর জন্য উপহার।

A gift for the friend.

2

বইয়ের দাম কত?

What is the price of the book?

3

আমাদের বাগান বড়।

Our garden is big.

4

স্কুলের সামনে মাঠ।

The field in front of the school.

1

সোনার আংটিটি খুব সুন্দর।

The gold ring is very beautiful.

2

দুপুরের খাবার খেয়েছ?

Have you eaten lunch?

3

শিক্ষকদের মিটিং চলছে।

The teachers' meeting is going on.

4

এক সপ্তাহের ছুটি চাই।

I want one week's leave.

1

দেশের উন্নতির জন্য কাজ করা উচিত।

One should work for the country's progress.

2

সমস্যার সমাধান খুঁজে বের করো।

Find the solution to the problem.

3

তার আসার কথা ছিল।

He was supposed to come.

4

নদীর জল পরিষ্কার নয়।

The river's water is not clean.

1

রবীন্দ্রনাথের কবিতার গভীরতা অপরিসীম।

The depth of Tagore's poetry is immense.

2

মানুষের অধিকার রক্ষা করা জরুরি।

It is urgent to protect human rights.

3

ঘটনার সত্যতা যাচাই করা দরকার।

The truth of the incident needs to be verified.

4

ভাষার বিবর্তন একটি ধীর প্রক্রিয়া।

The evolution of language is a slow process.

1

অস্তিত্বের সংকটে ভুগছে মানবজাতি।

Humanity is suffering from an existential crisis.

2

সাহিত্যের দর্পণে সমাজ প্রতিফলিত হয়।

Society is reflected in the mirror of literature.

3

আইনের শাসন প্রতিষ্ঠা করা রাষ্ট্রের দায়িত্ব।

It is the state's responsibility to establish the rule of law.

4

স্মৃতির মণিকোঠায় দিনগুলো উজ্জ্বল হয়ে আছে।

The days remain bright in the chamber of memory.

혼동하기 쉬운

Genitive Case Markers (এর - er, র - r) Genitive vs. Locative

Learners mix up -er (possession) and -e (location).

Genitive Case Markers (এর - er, র - r) Genitive vs. Objective

In some languages, the object of a verb takes a possessive-like form.

Genitive Case Markers (এর - er, র - r) Plural Genitive -der vs -ra

Using the nominative plural -ra instead of the genitive plural -der.

자주 하는 실수

আমি নাম রাহুল

আমার নাম রাহুল

You must use the genitive 'amar' (my) instead of the nominative 'ami' (I) for names.

বাবার বই

বাবার বই

Wait, this is correct! A common mistake is saying 'Baba boi' without the suffix.

মা এর

মায়ের

While 'ma er' is understandable, the euphonic 'y' is standard.

বাড়ি র

বাড়ির

Do not put a space between the noun and the suffix.

আমি জন্য

আমার জন্য

Postpositions like 'jonno' require the genitive case.

স্কুল এ সামনে

স্কুলের সামনে

Confusing locative (-e) with genitive (-er).

ছেলেরা দের

ছেলেদের

Double plural marking. Use '-der' directly on the stem.

সোনার এর আংটি

সোনার আংটি

Adding -er to a word that already has -r.

কাল এর খবর

গতকালের খবর

Using the wrong time word with the genitive.

বইগুলো র

বইগুলোর

Incorrect placement of the suffix on plural markers.

দেশের উন্নতি হওয়া

দেশের উন্নতি করা

Using the wrong verb with a genitive subject.

তার আসার কথা আছে

তার আসার কথা ছিল

Tense confusion in genitive-subject phrases.

সাহিত্যের দর্পণ

সাহিত্যের দর্পণ

This is correct, but learners often over-complicate it with extra words.

문장 패턴

___ এর ___ খুব ভালো।

আমি ___ এর জন্য ___ কিনেছি।

___ এর গুরুত্ব ___ এর ওপর নির্ভর করে।

___ এর মাধ্যমে আমরা ___ জানতে পারি।

Real World Usage

Texting a friend constant

Tor khobor ki? (What's your news?)

Job Interview common

Amar obhiggyota eikhane kaj korbe. (My experience will work here.)

Ordering Food very common

Khabarer dam koto? (What is the price of the food?)

Social Media very common

Tomar chhobi-ta darun! (Your picture is great!)

Travel/Directions occasional

Station-er poth konti? (Which is the way to the station?)

Doctor's Visit occasional

Amar pet-er betha. (My stomach's pain / I have a stomach ache.)

💡

The Vowel Rule

If a word ends in a vowel, just add 'r'. It's the fastest way to speak fluently.
⚠️

Pronoun Trap

Never use 'ami', 'tumi', or 'she' before a postposition. Always use 'amar', 'tomar', 'tar'.
🎯

Material Possession

Use the genitive to turn any noun into an adjective, like 'kather' (wooden) from 'kath' (wood).
💬

Respect Matters

When talking about elders, use 'tãr' (তাঁর) with a nasal sound instead of 'tar' (তার).

Smart Tips

Immediately check if the word before it has an -er or -r suffix.

Ami jonno (I for) Amar jonno (For me)

Use the genitive case on the material noun.

Kath table (Wood table) Kather table (Wooden table)

Add -er to the time word to specify an event during that time.

Rat khabar (Night food) Rater khabar (Dinner)

Always use the -der suffix for possession.

Chelera boi (The boys book) Cheleder boi (The boys' book)

발음

/er/

The 'er' sound

The 'e' in '-er' is pronounced like the 'e' in 'met'.

/r/

The 'r' sound

The 'r' is a soft tap, similar to the Spanish 'r' in 'pero'.

/j/

Euphonic 'y'

In 'mayer', the 'y' is a very light glide, almost like 'ma-yer'.

Possessive Stress

AMAR boi (MY book)

Stress the genitive pronoun to show emphasis on ownership.

암기하기

기억법

Remember 'R' for 'Relationship' and 'ER' for 'Extra Relationship' when a consonant blocks the way.

시각적 연상

Imagine a golden chain (the suffix -er/-r) physically linking two objects together, like a hand holding a book or a ring made of gold.

Rhyme

Vowel ends with R, you've gone quite far; Consonant needs ER, to be a star!

Story

A king named 'Amar' (My) lived in a 'Sonar' (Golden) palace. He had a 'Baler' (of the sand) garden where he spent 'Dupurer' (of noon) time. Every object he touched got an 'er' or 'r' attached to it.

Word Web

আমার (My)তোমার (Your)বাবার (Father's)মায়ের (Mother's)দেশের (Country's)সময়ের (Time's)

챌린지

Look around your room and name 5 items using the genitive case (e.g., 'table-er upore boi' - book on the table).

문화 노트

Commonly uses '-er' and '-r' as described. Formal speech uses 'Ihar' instead of 'Etar'.

In many dialects (like Dhakaiya), the 'r' might be dropped or softened in rapid speech, but remains in writing.

Uses longer forms like 'তাহার' (tahar) instead of 'তার' (tar).

Derived from the Sanskrit Genitive case (Shoshthi), which used suffixes like -asya. Over centuries of Prakrit and Apabhramsa evolution, these simplified into the modern Bengali -er and -r.

대화 시작하기

আপনার প্রিয় লেখকের নাম কি?

আপনার দেশের সবচেয়ে সুন্দর জায়গা কোনটি?

আপনার বন্ধুর সাথে আপনার পরিচয় কিভাবে হয়েছিল?

ভবিষ্যতের পরিকল্পনা নিয়ে কিছু বলুন।

일기 주제

Write about your favorite childhood memory involving your parents.
Describe the traditional food of your country.
Discuss the importance of education in a person's life.
Analyze the impact of technology on today's society.

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct genitive suffix.

এটা আমার বোন___ (bon) কলম।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: এর
Since 'bon' ends in a consonant, we add 'er'.
Choose the correct translation for 'My house'. 객관식

Which one is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমার বাড়ি
'Amar' is the genitive form of 'Ami'.
Correct the sentence: 'Ami jonno cha ano.' Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ami jonno cha ano.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমার জন্য চা আনো।
Postpositions like 'jonno' require the genitive 'amar'.
Match the noun with its genitive form. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-বাবার, 2-মায়ের, 3-মানুষের
Standard vowel/consonant rules apply.
Build a sentence meaning 'The price of the book is 100 taka'. Sentence Building

boi / dam / 100 taka

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: বইয়ের দাম ১০০ টাকা।
'Boi' ends in a consonant sound (i is a semi-vowel here), so 'er' is added.
Which of these are in the genitive case? Grammar Sorting

বাড়িতে, আমার, স্কুলে, তার, কলম

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমার, তার
'Amar' and 'Tar' are genitive pronouns.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: এটা কার বই? B: এটা ___ (Rahim) বই।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: রহিমের
Rahim ends in a consonant, so add 'er'.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

The genitive suffix changes if the object is feminine.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Bengali genitive markers do not change for gender.

Score: /8

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the correct genitive suffix.

এটা আমার বোন___ (bon) কলম।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: এর
Since 'bon' ends in a consonant, we add 'er'.
Choose the correct translation for 'My house'. 객관식

Which one is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমার বাড়ি
'Amar' is the genitive form of 'Ami'.
Correct the sentence: 'Ami jonno cha ano.' Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ami jonno cha ano.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমার জন্য চা আনো।
Postpositions like 'jonno' require the genitive 'amar'.
Match the noun with its genitive form. Match Pairs

1. বাবা, 2. মা, 3. মানুষ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-বাবার, 2-মায়ের, 3-মানুষের
Standard vowel/consonant rules apply.
Build a sentence meaning 'The price of the book is 100 taka'. Sentence Building

boi / dam / 100 taka

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: বইয়ের দাম ১০০ টাকা।
'Boi' ends in a consonant sound (i is a semi-vowel here), so 'er' is added.
Which of these are in the genitive case? Grammar Sorting

বাড়িতে, আমার, স্কুলে, তার, কলম

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমার, তার
'Amar' and 'Tar' are genitive pronouns.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: এটা কার বই? B: এটা ___ (Rahim) বই।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: রহিমের
Rahim ends in a consonant, so add 'er'.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

The genitive suffix changes if the object is feminine.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Bengali genitive markers do not change for gender.

Score: /8

자주 묻는 질문 (10)

Use `-er` after consonants (e.g., `bon-er`) and `-r` after vowels (e.g., `bari-r`).

Yes, `amar` is the genitive of `ami` (I). It is used for 'my' and before postpositions like `amar jonno` (for me).

For people, use `-der` (e.g., `cheleder` - of the boys). For objects, use `-gular` or `-gulor`.

Yes, always. `Bondhur shathe` (With the friend).

Both are used, but `mayer` is more common and formal because of the euphonic 'y' glide.

No, Bengali grammar does not have gender agreement for cases.

Yes, like `shokal-er` (of the morning) or `aj-ker` (of today).

`Amar` is genitive (my/of me), while `amake` is objective (me/to me).

Yes, it is essential in all registers of Bengali.

Water is `jol` or `pani`. So, `joler` or `panir`.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

English high

's or of

Bengali doesn't have a direct equivalent to the 'of' preposition that comes before the noun.

Spanish moderate

de

Bengali is head-final (suffix), Spanish is head-initial (preposition).

German moderate

Genitiv (des/der)

Bengali has no grammatical gender affecting the genitive marker.

Japanese high

no (の)

Japanese 'no' is a separate particle, while Bengali '-er' is a bound suffix.

Arabic low

Idafa

In Arabic, the possessed comes first; in Bengali, the possessor comes first.

Chinese high

de (的)

Bengali suffixes change based on the final sound (vowel/consonant), while 'de' is invariant.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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