Genitive Singular: Feminine
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The Genitive case shows possession or negation; for feminine nouns ending in -a, change the -a to -y.
- Nouns ending in -a change to -y (e.g., máma -> mámy).
- Nouns ending in -e or -ě change to -e (e.g., růže -> růže).
- Nouns ending in a consonant change to -i (e.g., kost -> kosti).
Meanings
The Genitive case is primarily used to indicate possession, origin, or quantity, and is required after specific prepositions and negative verbs.
Possession
Indicates ownership or relationship.
“Kniha mé matky.”
“Dům mé tety.”
Negation
Used after the verb 'nemít' (to not have).
“Nemám tužku.”
“Nemám práci.”
Prepositions
Required after prepositions like 'od', 'do', 'z'.
“Jdu do školy.”
“Jsem z Prahy.”
Genitive Singular Feminine Endings
| Nominative Ending | Genitive Ending | Example (Nom) | Example (Gen) |
|---|---|---|---|
| -a | -y | máma | mámy |
| -e | -e | růže | růže |
| -ě | -e | píseň | písně |
| -consonant | -i | kost | kosti |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Noun + Genitive | Dům matky |
| Negative | Nemám + Genitive | Nemám sestru |
| Preposition | Preposition + Genitive | Jdu do školy |
| Adjective | Adj (Gen) + Noun (Gen) | Mé matky |
| Question | Máš + Genitive? | Máš tužku? |
| Short Answer | Nemám + Genitive | Nemám tužku |
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Pocházím z Prahy. (Introduction)
Jsem z Prahy. (Introduction)
Jsem z Prahy. (Introduction)
Jsem z Prahy. (Introduction)
Genitive Usage Map
Possession
- Máma Mom
Negation
- Nemám I don't have
Prepositions
- Do Into
Examples by Level
Nemám mámu.
I don't have a mom.
Jsem z Prahy.
I am from Prague.
To je kniha Marie.
This is Marie's book.
Jdu do školy.
I am going to school.
Nemám tužku.
I don't have a pencil.
Dárek od tety.
A gift from aunt.
Jsem z velké rodiny.
I am from a big family.
Bez práce nejsou koláče.
No pain, no gain.
U mé kamarádky je hezky.
It is nice at my friend's place.
Nemám žádnou novou informaci.
I don't have any new information.
Cesta do práce trvá hodinu.
The trip to work takes an hour.
Koupil jsem to od té ženy.
I bought it from that woman.
Nedostatek vody je problém.
Lack of water is a problem.
Podle mé názoru je to špatně.
In my opinion, it is wrong.
Jsem z té situace unavený.
I am tired of that situation.
Nemám tušení, kde je.
I have no idea where he is.
V rámci naší spolupráce.
Within the framework of our cooperation.
Bojím se té velké tmy.
I am afraid of that great darkness.
Z důvodu nemoci nepřijdu.
Due to illness, I will not come.
Není to z mé hlavy.
It's not my idea.
Nedostatek odvahy vede k stagnaci.
Lack of courage leads to stagnation.
Z hlediska lingvistiky je to zajímavé.
From a linguistic perspective, it is interesting.
Bez pomoci té staré dámy bychom to nezvládli.
Without the help of that old lady, we wouldn't have managed.
Je to výsledek dlouhé práce.
It is the result of long work.
Easily Confused
Both change endings. Learners mix them up after verbs.
Learners use dictionary form after prepositions.
Endings can look similar.
자주 하는 실수
Jdu do škola
Jdu do školy
Nemám máma
Nemám mámu
To je kniha máma
To je kniha mámy
Jsem z Praha
Jsem z Prahy
Bez práce
Bez práce
Nemám tužka
Nemám tužky
Jdu do růže
Jdu do růže
Nemám žádná informace
Nemám žádnou informaci
Od ta žena
Od té ženy
Jdu do práce
Jdu do práce
Z důvod nemoci
Z důvodu nemoci
Bojím se tma
Bojím se tmy
Výsledek práce
Výsledek práce
Sentence Patterns
Jsem z ___.
Nemám ___.
To je kniha ___.
Bojím se ___.
Real World Usage
Jdu do restaurace.
Jsem z firmy X.
Nemám objednávku.
Jsem z Prahy.
Fotka mé kamarádky.
Z důvodu nemoci.
Check the preposition
Don't forget adjectives
Negation rule
Formal speech
Smart Tips
Check if it's 'do', 'od', or 'z'.
Always use Genitive.
Use Genitive for possession.
Use Genitive for dates.
발음
Vowel Length
Ensure you don't shorten the -y if it's long in the root.
Statement
Jsem z Prahy. ↘
Falling intonation for facts.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Remember: 'A' turns to 'Y' when the 'Genitive' sky is grey.
Visual Association
Imagine a girl (feminine) holding a 'Y' shaped stick to catch things that belong to her.
Rhyme
When you say 'no' or 'from' or 'to', change the -a to a -y for you.
Story
Marie is looking for her keys. She says 'Nemám klíče' (I don't have keys). She goes 'do školy' (to school) and asks her 'mámy' (mom) for help.
Word Web
챌린지
Write 5 sentences using 'Nemám' + a feminine noun today.
문화 노트
The Genitive is used in almost every formal setting. Using it correctly is a sign of respect.
Derived from Proto-Slavic genitive case markers.
Conversation Starters
Odkud jsi?
Co nemáš?
Čí je to kniha?
Bojíš se něčeho?
Journal Prompts
Test Yourself
Jdu do ___ (škola).
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Jsem z Praha.
Mám mámu. ->
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: Odkud jsi? B: Jsem z ___.
kniha / matka / to / je
Which is Genitive?
Score: /8
연습 문제
8 exercisesJdu do ___ (škola).
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Jsem z Praha.
Mám mámu. ->
Match: A) máma, B) kost
A: Odkud jsi? B: Jsem z ___.
kniha / matka / to / je
Which is Genitive?
Score: /8
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
It's a historical rule to mark possession and specific prepositions.
No, -e stays -e.
Sometimes, but context helps.
People will understand, but it sounds unnatural.
Yes, some foreign words.
This rule is for feminine nouns.
Write sentences and use flashcards.
Yes, it's essential.
In Other Languages
Genitiv
German uses articles; Czech changes the noun ending.
de + noun
French is analytic; Czech is synthetic.
de + noun
Spanish nouns do not decline for case.
no particle
Japanese is agglutinative.
Idafa construction
Arabic uses word order.
de particle
Chinese has no inflection.
