A2 Case System 1 min read متوسط

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The Genitive case shows possession or negation; for feminine nouns ending in -a, change the -a to -y.

  • Nouns ending in -a change to -y (e.g., máma -> mámy).
  • Nouns ending in -e or -ě change to -e (e.g., růže -> růže).
  • Nouns ending in a consonant change to -i (e.g., kost -> kosti).
Noun (-a) + ➡️ + Noun (-y)

Meanings

The Genitive case is primarily used to indicate possession, origin, or quantity, and is required after specific prepositions and negative verbs.

1

Possession

Indicates ownership or relationship.

“Kniha mé matky.”

“Dům mé tety.”

2

Negation

Used after the verb 'nemít' (to not have).

“Nemám tužku.”

“Nemám práci.”

3

Prepositions

Required after prepositions like 'od', 'do', 'z'.

“Jdu do školy.”

“Jsem z Prahy.”

Genitive Singular Feminine Endings

Nominative Ending Genitive Ending Example (Nom) Example (Gen)
-a -y máma mámy
-e -e růže růže
-e píseň písně
-consonant -i kost kosti

Reference Table

Reference table for Genitive Singular: Feminine
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Noun + Genitive Dům matky
Negative Nemám + Genitive Nemám sestru
Preposition Preposition + Genitive Jdu do školy
Adjective Adj (Gen) + Noun (Gen) Mé matky
Question Máš + Genitive? Máš tužku?
Short Answer Nemám + Genitive Nemám tužku

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Pocházím z Prahy.

Pocházím z Prahy. (Introduction)

خنثی
Jsem z Prahy.

Jsem z Prahy. (Introduction)

غیر رسمی
Jsem z Prahy.

Jsem z Prahy. (Introduction)

عامیانه
Jsem z Prahy.

Jsem z Prahy. (Introduction)

Genitive Usage Map

Genitive Case

Possession

  • Máma Mom

Negation

  • Nemám I don't have

Prepositions

  • Do Into

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Nemám mámu.

I don't have a mom.

2

Jsem z Prahy.

I am from Prague.

3

To je kniha Marie.

This is Marie's book.

4

Jdu do školy.

I am going to school.

1

Nemám tužku.

I don't have a pencil.

2

Dárek od tety.

A gift from aunt.

3

Jsem z velké rodiny.

I am from a big family.

4

Bez práce nejsou koláče.

No pain, no gain.

1

U mé kamarádky je hezky.

It is nice at my friend's place.

2

Nemám žádnou novou informaci.

I don't have any new information.

3

Cesta do práce trvá hodinu.

The trip to work takes an hour.

4

Koupil jsem to od té ženy.

I bought it from that woman.

1

Nedostatek vody je problém.

Lack of water is a problem.

2

Podle mé názoru je to špatně.

In my opinion, it is wrong.

3

Jsem z té situace unavený.

I am tired of that situation.

4

Nemám tušení, kde je.

I have no idea where he is.

1

V rámci naší spolupráce.

Within the framework of our cooperation.

2

Bojím se té velké tmy.

I am afraid of that great darkness.

3

Z důvodu nemoci nepřijdu.

Due to illness, I will not come.

4

Není to z mé hlavy.

It's not my idea.

1

Nedostatek odvahy vede k stagnaci.

Lack of courage leads to stagnation.

2

Z hlediska lingvistiky je to zajímavé.

From a linguistic perspective, it is interesting.

3

Bez pomoci té staré dámy bychom to nezvládli.

Without the help of that old lady, we wouldn't have managed.

4

Je to výsledek dlouhé práce.

It is the result of long work.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Genitive Singular: Feminine در مقابل Accusative vs. Genitive

Both change endings. Learners mix them up after verbs.

Genitive Singular: Feminine در مقابل Nominative vs. Genitive

Learners use dictionary form after prepositions.

Genitive Singular: Feminine در مقابل Genitive Singular vs. Plural

Endings can look similar.

اشتباهات رایج

Jdu do škola

Jdu do školy

Preposition 'do' requires Genitive.

Nemám máma

Nemám mámu

Wait, this is Accusative! Actually, 'Nemám' takes Genitive: Nemám mámy.

To je kniha máma

To je kniha mámy

Possession requires Genitive.

Jsem z Praha

Jsem z Prahy

Preposition 'z' requires Genitive.

Bez práce

Bez práce

Wait, 'práce' is Genitive, so this is correct.

Nemám tužka

Nemám tužky

Negation requires Genitive.

Jdu do růže

Jdu do růže

Correct, -e stays -e.

Nemám žádná informace

Nemám žádnou informaci

Agreement error.

Od ta žena

Od té ženy

Pronoun must also be in Genitive.

Jdu do práce

Jdu do práce

Correct.

Z důvod nemoci

Z důvodu nemoci

Noun must be Genitive.

Bojím se tma

Bojím se tmy

Verb 'bát se' takes Genitive.

Výsledek práce

Výsledek práce

Correct.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Jsem z ___.

Nemám ___.

To je kniha ___.

Bojím se ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Jdu do restaurace.

Job Interview very common

Jsem z firmy X.

Food Delivery common

Nemám objednávku.

Travel very common

Jsem z Prahy.

Social Media common

Fotka mé kamarádky.

Formal Letter common

Z důvodu nemoci.

💡

Check the preposition

Always look for 'do', 'od', 'z' before the noun.
⚠️

Don't forget adjectives

Adjectives must match the noun's case.
🎯

Negation rule

If you say 'nemám', the next word is almost always Genitive.
💬

Formal speech

Using the Genitive correctly makes you sound much more educated.

Smart Tips

Check if it's 'do', 'od', or 'z'.

Jdu do škola. Jdu do školy.

Always use Genitive.

Nemám tužka. Nemám tužky.

Use Genitive for possession.

To je auto máma. To je auto mámy.

Use Genitive for dates.

Dne 1. leden. Dne 1. ledna.

تلفظ

mámy [maːmɪ]

Vowel Length

Ensure you don't shorten the -y if it's long in the root.

Statement

Jsem z Prahy. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Remember: 'A' turns to 'Y' when the 'Genitive' sky is grey.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a girl (feminine) holding a 'Y' shaped stick to catch things that belong to her.

Rhyme

When you say 'no' or 'from' or 'to', change the -a to a -y for you.

Story

Marie is looking for her keys. She says 'Nemám klíče' (I don't have keys). She goes 'do školy' (to school) and asks her 'mámy' (mom) for help.

شبکه واژگان

mámaškolaprácetetarůžekost

چالش

Write 5 sentences using 'Nemám' + a feminine noun today.

نکات فرهنگی

The Genitive is used in almost every formal setting. Using it correctly is a sign of respect.

Derived from Proto-Slavic genitive case markers.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

Odkud jsi?

Co nemáš?

Čí je to kniha?

Bojíš se něčeho?

موضوعات نگارش

Write about your hometown.
List 5 things you don't have.
Describe your family members' belongings.
Write a formal email about a meeting.

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct form.

Jdu do ___ (škola).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: školy
Do + Genitive.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nemám tužky.
Nemám + Genitive.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Jsem z Praha.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jsem z Prahy.
Z + Genitive.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Mám mámu. ->

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nemám mámy.
Negation triggers Genitive.
Match the noun to its Genitive. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A-mámy, B-kosti
Correct endings.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Odkud jsi? B: Jsem z ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Prahy
Z + Genitive.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

kniha / matka / to / je

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: To je kniha matky.
Possession.
Sort by case. Grammar Sorting

Which is Genitive?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: školy
Genitive ending.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form.

Jdu do ___ (škola).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: školy
Do + Genitive.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nemám tužky.
Nemám + Genitive.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Jsem z Praha.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jsem z Prahy.
Z + Genitive.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Mám mámu. ->

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nemám mámy.
Negation triggers Genitive.
Match the noun to its Genitive. Match Pairs

Match: A) máma, B) kost

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A-mámy, B-kosti
Correct endings.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Odkud jsi? B: Jsem z ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Prahy
Z + Genitive.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

kniha / matka / to / je

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: To je kniha matky.
Possession.
Sort by case. Grammar Sorting

Which is Genitive?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: školy
Genitive ending.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

It's a historical rule to mark possession and specific prepositions.

No, -e stays -e.

Sometimes, but context helps.

People will understand, but it sounds unnatural.

Yes, some foreign words.

This rule is for feminine nouns.

Write sentences and use flashcards.

Yes, it's essential.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

German high

Genitiv

German uses articles; Czech changes the noun ending.

French moderate

de + noun

French is analytic; Czech is synthetic.

Spanish moderate

de + noun

Spanish nouns do not decline for case.

Japanese low

no particle

Japanese is agglutinative.

Arabic low

Idafa construction

Arabic uses word order.

Chinese none

de particle

Chinese has no inflection.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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