angreifen
angreifen in 30 Seconds
- Angreifen is a separable verb meaning 'to attack' in sports, physical combat, or verbal criticism. It is also used for chemical corrosion and tackling tasks.
- Grammatically, it is a strong verb (angreifen, griff an, angegriffen) and takes an accusative object. The prefix 'an-' moves to the end in present/past tense.
- In everyday German, it's frequently heard in sports commentary, news reports about politics, and technical discussions about materials or health (like viruses).
- Avoid confusing it with 'begreifen' (to understand) or 'anfassen' (to touch). 'Angreifen' implies a more active, often aggressive or impactful action.
The German verb angreifen is a multifaceted powerhouse in the German language. At its core, it combines the prefix an- (indicating direction or start) with the root verb greifen (to grab or seize). In a basic CEFR A2 context, you will most frequently encounter it in the world of sports and games. When a football team moves the ball toward the opponent's goal, they are 'attacking'—they are angreifen. However, the word's reach extends far beyond the pitch. It describes the act of physically touching something (often with a nuance of potentially damaging it), the chemical process of corrosion, and the metaphorical act of tackling a difficult problem or even criticizing someone personally.
- Physical Action
- To touch or seize something, often used in contexts where the surface might be sensitive. 'Greifen Sie die Oberfläche nicht an!' (Don't touch/corrode the surface!)
Im nächsten Spielzug müssen wir mutiger angreifen, um ein Tor zu erzielen.
In a broader sense, angreifen implies an initiative. Whether it is a soldier in a historical text, a chess player moving their queen, or a manager deciding to 'attack' a new market, the word signifies a transition from a passive state to an active, often aggressive, pursuit of a goal. This 'offensive' quality is what defines the word across its various registers. Even in health, a virus can angreifen the immune system, representing an unwanted but active invasion of the body's defenses.
- Metaphorical Use
- To criticize or challenge someone's ideas. 'Er fühlte sich durch ihre Worte persönlich angegriffen.' (He felt personally attacked by her words.)
Die Säure greift das Metall an.
When discussing materials, angreifen is the go-to verb for corrosion. If you leave a bike out in the rain, the rust 'attacks' the frame. This usage is common in technical manuals and chemistry. It suggests a slow, persistent wearing away. Similarly, in a psychological context, stress can 'attack' one's nerves (die Nerven angreifen), leading to exhaustion. This versatility makes it one of the most useful verbs for describing any force—physical, biological, or emotional—that acts upon something else with the intent or result of changing or damaging it.
- Abstract Tasks
- To start working on something difficult. 'Wir müssen das Problem jetzt endlich angreifen.' (We finally have to tackle the problem.)
Der Boxer griff seinen Gegner in der dritten Runde entschlossen an.
Diese harten Worte greifen seine Ehre an.
Wir werden morgen das neue Projekt angreifen.
Mastering angreifen requires understanding its grammatical behavior as a separable verb and its requirement for the accusative case. Because it is a strong verb, its stem changes in the past tense: greifen becomes griff (Präteritum) and gegriffen (Partizip II). When you use it in a sentence, the prefix an- will often detach and fly to the very end. For example, 'The team attacks' is 'Die Mannschaft greift an.' If you add an object, like 'The team attacks the goal,' it remains 'Die Mannschaft greift das Tor an.'
- Grammar: Separable Prefix
- In main clauses (present/past), 'an' goes to the end. In subordinate clauses, it stays attached. 'Ich weiß, dass er angreift.'
Warum greifst du mich ständig an?
In terms of context, you must distinguish between physical and metaphorical 'attacking'. If you are at A2 level, focus on the physical and sports-related uses. 'Der Hund hat den Briefträger angegriffen' (The dog attacked the mailman) is a classic example of the physical sense. Here, the verb takes a direct object in the accusative case (den Briefträger). As you progress to B1 and B2, you will start using it for tasks: 'Lass uns die Hausaufgaben angreifen' (Let's tackle the homework). This implies a sense of energy and determination.
- Conjugation Table (Present)
- ich greife an, du greifst an, er/sie/es greift an, wir greifen an, ihr greift an, sie greifen an.
Gestern griff die Armee die Stadt an.
Another nuance is the use of angreifen with 'sich' (reflexive) is rare and usually means something different, so stick to the transitive use (attacking someone/something). When using it for 'touching', it often implies a texture or a physical reaction. For instance, 'Der Stoff greift sich weich an' (The fabric feels soft to the touch). This is a more advanced construction where the subject is the object being felt. However, for most learners, the focus should remain on the 'active' attack.
- Common Collocations
- ein Ziel angreifen, jemanden verbal angreifen, die Vorräte angreifen (to start using up supplies).
Wir müssen unsere Ersparnisse angreifen, um das Auto zu reparieren.
Das Virus greift die Lunge an.
Hast du das Projekt schon angegriffen?
The context in which you hear angreifen dictates its meaning. In a German living room on a Saturday afternoon, you'll hear it during the 'Bundesliga' broadcast. Commentators shout it when a winger sprints down the flank. In a news report, it might describe a political debate where one candidate 'attacks' the other's platform. In a laboratory or a garage, it refers to chemical reactions. The word is ubiquitous because it bridges the gap between physical action and abstract influence.
- Sports Commentary
- 'Bayern München greift jetzt über die linke Seite an!' (Bayern Munich is now attacking via the left side!)
Die Opposition greift die Pläne der Regierung scharf an.
In professional settings, you might hear it during a strategy meeting. 'Wir müssen den Markt in Asien angreifen' (We need to tackle/attack the Asian market). Here, it doesn't mean physical violence, but rather a concerted effort to gain market share. Similarly, if you are discussing finances with a partner, you might say, 'Wir müssen das Ersparte angreifen' (We have to dip into our savings). This is a very common idiomatic use where 'attacking' the savings means starting to spend money that was previously set aside.
- Medical/Scientific
- 'Rauchen greift die Gesundheit an.' (Smoking attacks/harms your health.)
Der Rost hat das Fahrgestell bereits angegriffen.
In daily life, you might even hear it regarding food or household items. If a loaf of bread has been started, someone might ask, 'Ist das Brot schon angegriffen?' (Has the bread been started/cut into?). This is a more regional or slightly older usage, but it follows the logic of 'starting to use' something. Ultimately, angreifen is a word of movement and impact. Whether it's a physical strike, a verbal critique, or the slow work of rust, it always implies that something is being actively changed or challenged.
- Daily Idiom
- 'Die letzte Reserve angreifen' (To use the last of one's reserves/energy).
Das schlechte Wetter greift meine Laune an.
Er wurde gestern auf der Straße angegriffen.
Wir greifen morgen früh an!
One of the most frequent errors for learners is forgetting that angreifen is a separable verb. It's easy to say 'Ich angreife' instead of 'Ich greife an.' Another common pitfall is confusing it with other greifen derivatives. For example, begreifen means 'to understand' or 'to grasp a concept,' while ergreifen means 'to seize' (like an opportunity or a physical object). If you tell someone you 'begreifen' them in a sports context, they will think you are trying to understand their soul rather than tackle them!
- Confusion with 'begreifen'
- 'Ich begreife das Problem' (I understand the problem) vs. 'Ich greife das Problem an' (I am tackling/starting to solve the problem).
Falsch: Ich angreife den Ball. Richtig: Ich greife den Ball an.
Another mistake involves the passive voice. In German, 'to be attacked' is 'angegriffen werden.' Learners often forget the ge- in the participle or place it incorrectly. Remember: an-ge-griffen. Also, be careful with the word 'attackieren.' While attackieren exists in German, it is often more formal or specifically military. Angreifen is much more common in everyday speech and sports. Using attackieren during a casual football game might sound a bit too dramatic or academic.
- Confusion with 'anfassen'
- 'Anfassen' is just to touch. 'Angreifen' (in the sense of touching) often implies a more vigorous or damaging touch, or is used to describe how something feels.
Die Säure greift die Haut an (nicht: fasst die Haut an).
Finally, learners sometimes struggle with the metaphorical use regarding health. You 'attack' your health (die Gesundheit angreifen), but you don't 'attack' a cold. You 'have' a cold. The 'attacker' is usually the external force (the virus, the stress, the weather). If you say 'Ich greife meine Erkältung an,' it sounds like you are physically fighting a personified virus with your fists. Instead, use 'bekämpfen' (to fight/combat) for diseases if you are the one taking action.
- Preposition Pitfall
- Don't use 'auf' with angreifen. It's not 'angreifen auf jemanden'. Just 'jemanden angreifen'.
Der Hund griff das Kind an (Accusative object).
Sie hat mich verbal angegriffen.
Wir greifen das Problem gemeinsam an.
German has several words for 'attacking' or 'touching,' and choosing the right one depends on the intensity and context. Attackieren is the most direct synonym, but it often carries a more formal or aggressive military tone. In sports, angreifen is the standard, while attackieren might be used by a journalist describing a particularly fierce tackle. Then there is bestürmen, which means to 'storm' or 'assail,' often used for a goal in soccer or for someone with many questions.
- Angreifen vs. Attackieren
- 'Angreifen' is general (sports, chemistry, verbal). 'Attackieren' is more specific to a targeted, often violent or highly focused strike.
Die Fans bestürmten den Star mit Fragen (not 'griffen an').
For the sense of 'touching,' anfassen and berühren are the primary alternatives. Berühren is a light, often accidental or emotional touch ('Die Musik hat mich berührt'). Anfassen is a deliberate touch with the hand. Angreifen in this context is specific to how something feels to the touch (reflexive-like) or the chemical 'attacking' of a surface. You wouldn't say 'Darf ich dein Baby angreifen?' (Can I attack/corrode your baby?); you would say 'Darf ich dein Baby anfassen?'
- Angreifen vs. Anpacken
- 'Wir greifen das Projekt an' (We start/tackle it). 'Wir packen das Projekt an' (We work on it vigorously/practically).
Er berührte vorsichtig die Leinwand.
In a military or historical context, you might see überfallen. This means to 'ambush' or 'raid.' While angreifen is the act of attacking, überfallen implies surprise. If a country attacks another, it's angreifen. If it does so suddenly and without warning, it's überfallen. Understanding these distinctions helps you move from basic communication to nuanced expression, allowing you to describe the 'how' and 'why' of an action rather than just the 'what'.
- Angreifen vs. Überfallen
- 'Angreifen' is the general offensive. 'Überfallen' is a surprise attack or a robbery.
Die Räuber überfielen die Bank am Mittag.
Der Wein greift den Zahnschmelz an.
Lass uns das Problem von einer anderen Seite angreifen.
How Formal Is It?
Difficulty Rating
Grammar to Know
Separable Verbs (Trennbare Verben)
Strong Verbs (Starke Verben)
Accusative Case (Akkusativ)
Passive Voice (Passiv)
Infinitive with 'zu'
Examples by Level
Ich greife an.
I attack.
Separable verb: 'an' at the end.
Der Hund greift den Ball an.
The dog attacks the ball.
Accusative object: 'den Ball'.
Greifst du jetzt an?
Are you attacking now?
Question form with separable verb.
Wir greifen zusammen an.
We attack together.
Present tense, plural.
Er greift nicht an.
He does not attack.
Negation with 'nicht'.
Die Katze greift die Maus an.
The cat attacks the mouse.
Simple subject-verb-object.
Mein Team greift an.
My team attacks.
Possessive pronoun 'Mein'.
Warum greift er an?
Why is he attacking?
Interrogative 'Warum'.
Die Mannschaft hat gestern gut angegriffen.
The team attacked well yesterday.
Perfect tense: 'hat angegriffen'.
Der Hund hat den Briefträger angegriffen.
The dog attacked the mailman.
Perfect tense with accusative object.
Das Wetter greift meine Gesundheit an.
The weather is affecting my health.
Metaphorical use for health.
Dieser Stoff greift sich sehr weich an.
This fabric feels very soft.
Reflexive-like use for texture.
Du darfst die heiße Platte nicht angreifen.
You must not touch the hot plate.
Modal verb 'dürfen' with 'angreifen'.
Die Löwen greifen das Zebra an.
The lions attack the zebra.
Plural subject.
Er griff seinen Gegner im Spiel an.
He attacked his opponent in the game.
Präteritum (simple past): 'griff an'.
Wir müssen das Problem jetzt angreifen.
We have to tackle the problem now.
Modal verb 'müssen' + infinitive.
Die Säure greift das Metall langsam an.
The acid is slowly attacking the metal.
Chemical context.
Er fühlte sich durch die Kritik persönlich angegriffen.
He felt personally attacked by the criticism.
Passive-like state with 'fühlen'.
Wir sollten unsere Ersparnisse noch nicht angreifen.
We shouldn't dip into our savings yet.
Idiomatic use for money.
Die Opposition greift die Pläne der Regierung an.
The opposition is attacking the government's plans.
Political context.
Rauchen greift die Lunge stark an.
Smoking severely attacks the lungs.
Medical context.
Wenn wir nicht angreifen, verlieren wir das Spiel.
If we don't attack, we'll lose the game.
Conditional clause with 'wenn'.
Sie griff das Thema in der Sitzung mutig an.
She bravely tackled the topic in the meeting.
Präteritum of 'angreifen'.
Das Virus greift das Immunsystem an.
The virus attacks the immune system.
Scientific context.
Der Stress greift auf Dauer die Nerven an.
Stress attacks the nerves in the long run.
Psychological context.
Die Armee griff die Stadt von zwei Seiten an.
The army attacked the city from two sides.
Military context.
Er hat seine letzten Reserven angegriffen, um das Ziel zu erreichen.
He used his last reserves to reach the goal.
Idiomatic use of 'Reserven'.
Die neue Software greift direkt in die Datenbank an.
The new software directly affects the database.
Technical/IT context.
Es ist unfair, jemanden wegen seiner Herkunft anzugreifen.
It is unfair to attack someone because of their origin.
Infinitive with 'zu' (anzugreifen).
Die Korrosion hat das Fundament bereits angegriffen.
Corrosion has already attacked the foundation.
Engineering context.
Wir müssen den Markt in Osteuropa offensiv angreifen.
We need to aggressively tackle the market in Eastern Europe.
Business context.
Seine Ehre wurde durch diese Lüge angegriffen.
His honor was attacked by this lie.
Passive voice: 'wurde angegriffen'.
Die scharfen Reinigungsmittel greifen die Oberfläche des Tisches an.
The harsh cleaning agents attack the surface of the table.
Technical warning.
In seinem Essay greift der Autor die Grundfesten der Demokratie an.
In his essay, the author attacks the foundations of democracy.
Academic/Literary context.
Die ständigen Überstunden greifen seine Substanz an.
The constant overtime is wearing him down (attacking his substance).
Idiomatic 'Substanz angreifen'.
Man darf das Kapital der Stiftung nicht angreifen.
One must not dip into the foundation's capital.
Financial/Legal context.
Die vom Schimmel angegriffenen Wände müssen saniert werden.
The walls attacked by mold must be renovated.
Participle as adjective.
Er griff die Argumentation seines Vorredners Punkt für Punkt an.
He attacked his predecessor's argument point by point.
Rhetorical context.
Diese Politik greift die soziale Gerechtigkeit im Kern an.
This policy attacks social justice at its core.
Abstract social context.
Das Salzwasser greift die Karosserie des Autos an.
The salt water attacks the car's bodywork.
Environmental context.
Die Polemik griff die Integrität des Richters in unzulässiger Weise an.
The polemic attacked the judge's integrity in an impermissible manner.
Legal/Formal register.
Es gilt, die strukturellen Probleme der Branche frontal anzugreifen.
It is necessary to tackle the industry's structural problems head-on.
High-level strategic German.
Die bittere Kälte griff die Moral der Truppe empfindlich an.
The bitter cold severely affected the troops' morale.
Historical/Literary register.
In der Quantenphysik greifen herkömmliche Kausalitätsvorstellungen nicht mehr.
In quantum physics, conventional notions of causality no longer apply/hold (attack the limits).
Highly abstract scientific use.
Die Zeit greift auch die prächtigsten Monumente an.
Time attacks even the most magnificent monuments.
Poetic/Philosophical context.
Durch die Inflation wird der Reallohn der Arbeiter massiv angegriffen.
Inflation is massively attacking the workers' real wages.
Economic analysis.
Er wusste seine Position gegen alle Angriffe zu verteidigen, ohne selbst anzugreifen.
He knew how to defend his position against all attacks without attacking himself.
Complex infinitive construction.
Die Radikalität seines Denkens greift die Bequemlichkeit der Masse an.
The radical nature of his thinking attacks the comfort of the masses.
Sociological/Philosophical context.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
Often Confused With
To understand (mental) vs. to attack (action).
To touch (neutral) vs. to attack/affect (impactful).
To seize an opportunity vs. to attack an opponent.
Idioms & Expressions
Easily Confused
Sentence Patterns
How to Use It
Requires accusative object.
Prefix 'an' separates in main clauses.
Stem changes from 'ei' to 'i' in past forms.
- Saying 'Ich angreife' instead of 'Ich greife an'.
- Using 'auf' before the object (e.g., 'angreifen auf ihn').
- Confusing 'angreifen' with 'begreifen' (to understand).
- Forgetting the stem change in the past: 'gegreift' instead of 'angegriffen'.
- Using 'angreifen' for a light, friendly touch (use 'berühren' instead).
Tips
Separable Verb Rule
In the present tense, the 'an' goes to the end: 'Ich greife das Problem an.' Don't forget it!
Sports Context
Use 'angreifen' when your team has the ball and is moving toward the goal.
Tackling Tasks
Use 'angreifen' for projects to show you are motivated and starting with energy.
Stress the Prefix
Always put the stress on 'AN-'. This is typical for separable verbs.
Accusative Case
Remember: 'Er greift DEN (masculine accusative) Gegner an.'
Feelings
If someone is mean to you, you can say: 'Ich fühle mich angegriffen.'
Corrosion
In technical German, use it for rust or chemicals: 'Rost greift das Auto an.'
Savings
Use 'das Ersparte angreifen' when you finally have to spend your saved money.
Immune System
Viruses 'angreifen' the body. It's a common way to describe getting sick.
Last Reserves
When you are exhausted but keep going, you 'greifst deine Reserven an'.
Memorize It
Word Origin
Cultural Context
Very common in football, handball, and chess.
Standard term for corrosion in German engineering.
Verbal 'angreifen' should be used carefully; it implies a strong critique.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Conversation Starters
"Wann greift deine Lieblingsmannschaft wieder an?"
"Hast du heute schon deine Hausaufgaben angegriffen?"
"Fühlst du dich manchmal von Kritik schnell angegriffen?"
"Welches globale Problem sollten wir zuerst angreifen?"
"Wie greift man am besten ein neues Sprachprojekt an?"
Journal Prompts
Beschreibe eine Situation, in der du ein schwieriges Problem angegriffen hast.
Welche Sportart findest du am spannendsten, wenn eine Mannschaft angreift?
Schreibe über etwas, das deine Gesundheit oder deine Laune angreift.
Wie reagierst du, wenn dich jemand verbal angreift?
Welche Ziele möchtest du im nächsten Monat angreifen?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsNot always. In sports, it's tactical. In business, it means being proactive. However, it usually implies a strong initiative.
Yes, but usually to describe how a surface feels (reflexive) or if the touch is damaging (like acid).
'Angreifen' is more common and versatile. 'Attackieren' is more formal or military.
You say 'Ich fühle mich angegriffen'.
Yes, a virus can 'angreifen' your body.
No, it's just 'angreifen' + accusative. No preposition is needed for the object.
The Präteritum is 'griff an' and the Perfekt is 'hat angegriffen'.
Yes, it's a common way to say you are tackling a task with energy.
Yes, 'der Angriff' is the masculine noun for 'attack'.
Yes, to describe attacking a piece.
Test Yourself 190 questions
Write a sentence about a soccer team attacking.
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Write a sentence about tackling a problem.
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Write a sentence about rust attacking a car.
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Write a sentence about someone feeling personally attacked.
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Write 'I attack' in German.
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Write 'The dog attacked the ball' in the perfect tense.
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Write 'She attacked the plan' in the past tense (Präteritum).
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Write 'Stress attacks the nerves'.
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Write a sentence using 'die Reserven angreifen'.
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Write a sentence about inflation attacking wages.
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Write 'Don't touch the surface' using 'angreifen'.
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Write 'The virus attacks the body'.
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Write 'The opposition attacks the government'.
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Write 'The acid attacks the metal'.
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Write 'We attack together'.
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Write 'The cat attacks the mouse'.
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Write 'I have tackled the project'.
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Write 'Smoking attacks the lungs'.
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Write 'He attacked my honor'.
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Write 'The cold attacked the morale'.
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Say 'I attack' in German.
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Say 'The dog attacks' in German.
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Say 'We must tackle the problem' in German.
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Say 'Stress attacks the nerves' in German.
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Say 'He felt personally attacked' in German.
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Say 'We attack' in German.
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Say 'Why are you attacking?' in German.
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Say 'The team attacked well' (Perfect tense).
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Say 'Rust attacks the metal'.
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Say 'The acid attacks the surface'.
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Say 'He attacks' in German.
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Say 'Don't touch that!' (using angreifen).
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Say 'I will tackle the task'.
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Say 'The opposition attacks the plan'.
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Say 'Inflation attacks our savings'.
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Say 'They attack' in German.
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Say 'The cat attacks the ball'.
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Say 'She attacked him verbally'.
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Say 'The virus attacks the lungs'.
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Say 'The cold attacked the morale'.
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Listen and identify the verb: 'Ich greife jetzt an.'
Listen and identify the tense: 'Er hat mich angegriffen.'
Listen and identify the object: 'Die Säure greift das Metall an.'
Listen and identify the subject: 'Stress greift die Nerven an.'
Listen and identify the nuance: 'Er fühlte sich angegriffen.'
Listen: 'Wir greifen an.' Is it singular or plural?
Listen: 'Greif das nicht an!' Is it a command?
Listen: 'Er griff den Gegner an.' Is it present or past?
Listen: 'Rauchen greift die Lunge an.' What is the topic?
Listen: 'Die Reserven wurden angegriffen.' Is it active or passive?
Listen: 'Der Hund greift an.' Who is the subject?
Listen: 'Lass uns angreifen.' What is the mood?
Listen: 'Die Opposition greift an.' What is the context?
Listen: 'Das Kapital angreifen.' What is the context?
Listen: 'Die Zeit greift alles an.' What is the theme?
/ 190 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The verb 'angreifen' is essential for describing any form of initiative-taking, from scoring a goal in soccer to starting a new project or criticizing a plan. Example: 'Wir müssen das Problem jetzt mutig angreifen.'
- Angreifen is a separable verb meaning 'to attack' in sports, physical combat, or verbal criticism. It is also used for chemical corrosion and tackling tasks.
- Grammatically, it is a strong verb (angreifen, griff an, angegriffen) and takes an accusative object. The prefix 'an-' moves to the end in present/past tense.
- In everyday German, it's frequently heard in sports commentary, news reports about politics, and technical discussions about materials or health (like viruses).
- Avoid confusing it with 'begreifen' (to understand) or 'anfassen' (to touch). 'Angreifen' implies a more active, often aggressive or impactful action.
Separable Verb Rule
In the present tense, the 'an' goes to the end: 'Ich greife das Problem an.' Don't forget it!
Sports Context
Use 'angreifen' when your team has the ball and is moving toward the goal.
Tackling Tasks
Use 'angreifen' for projects to show you are motivated and starting with energy.
Stress the Prefix
Always put the stress on 'AN-'. This is typical for separable verbs.
Example
Die Mannschaft muss mehr angreifen, um ein Tor zu erzielen.
Related Content
More sports words
abkühlen
B1to cool down
amateurhaft
A2amateurish
anfeuern
A2to cheer on, to encourage
anstrengen
A2to exert oneself, to make an effort
anstrengend
A2strenuous, exhausting
antreten
A2to compete, to line up (for a race)
applaudieren
A2to applaud, to clap
athletisch
A2athletic
aufregend
A2exciting, thrilling
aufwärmen
A2to warm up (before exercise)