At the A1 level, 'spät' is primarily used to talk about the time of day and basic schedules. You will learn it in the context of the question 'Wie spät ist es?' (What time is it?). This is a fixed phrase that every beginner must master. You also use 'spät' to describe simple situations, like arriving late for a class or a meeting. At this stage, the focus is on using 'spät' as an adverb (e.g., 'Ich komme spät') or in simple sentences with 'sein' (e.g., 'Es ist spät'). You learn that 'spät' is the opposite of 'früh' (early). You might also encounter 'zu spät' (too late) as a way to apologize. The goal at A1 is to understand that 'spät' refers to time and to use it in everyday survival situations, like catching a bus or meeting a friend. You don't need to worry about complex adjective endings yet, as 'spät' is often used as an adverb in these basic contexts. However, you should be aware that Germans take 'spät' seriously, so learning how to say 'Entschuldigung, ich bin zu spät' is a vital social tool.
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'spät' in more varied sentence structures and start exploring its comparative and superlative forms. You will learn 'später' (later) and 'am spätesten' (latest). This allows you to make comparisons, such as 'Heute komme ich später als gestern' (Today I am coming later than yesterday). You also start to use 'spät' as an adjective with basic endings, such as 'ein später Film' (a late movie). The concept of 'spätestens' (at the latest) becomes important for setting deadlines and making plans, for example, 'Ich rufe dich spätestens um fünf Uhr an'. You also expand your vocabulary to include related words like 'Verspätung' (delay), which you will hear frequently at train stations. At A2, you are expected to handle more complex temporal descriptions, combining 'spät' with other time markers like 'am späten Abend' (in the late evening) or 'bis spät in die Nacht' (until late at night). You are also becoming more aware of the difference between 'spät' and 'zu spät' in social contexts.
By B1, you are comfortable using 'spät' in a wide range of everyday and professional situations. You can use it to describe historical periods or phases of life, such as 'in seinen späten Jahren' (in his late years). You start to encounter compound words like 'Spätfolge' (late consequence) or 'Spätschicht' (late shift). Your understanding of adjective declension is now solid, so you can correctly use 'spät' in all cases and genders (e.g., 'wegen des späten Zuges'). You also begin to understand more idiomatic expressions and nuances. For instance, you can distinguish between 'spät' and 'verspätet' more clearly. In B1, you might also use 'spät' in more complex grammatical structures, such as subordinate clauses: 'Ich wusste nicht, dass es schon so spät ist'. You can also use 'spät' to discuss cultural differences in punctuality, expressing opinions on what constitutes being 'too late' in different countries. This level requires a move from simple time-telling to using 'spät' as a tool for more detailed narration and description.
At the B2 level, you use 'spät' with a high degree of precision and can understand it in more abstract or specialized contexts. You encounter it in literature, news reports, and academic texts. You might discuss 'Spätkapitalismus' (late capitalism) or 'Spätbarock' (late Baroque), showing how the word is used to categorize complex historical and social phenomena. You are also familiar with more sophisticated synonyms like 'verzögert' or 'nachträglich' and know when to use them instead of 'spät'. Your use of 'spät' in idiomatic expressions is more natural, and you can use it to add emphasis or nuance to your speech. For example, you might use 'reichlich spät' to express mild annoyance at a delay. You can also handle complex word formations like 'Spätberufene' (people who find their vocation late in life). At B2, 'spät' is no longer just a word for time; it's a versatile building block for expressing subtle temporal and qualitative distinctions in both spoken and written German.
At the C1 level, your command of 'spät' and its derivatives is near-native. You can appreciate the stylistic effects of using 'spät' in different registers. You might use it in formal essays to describe the 'Spätwerk' of an artist or the 'Spätfolgen' of a policy with nuanced arguments. You understand the subtle difference between 'zu spät' and 'verspätet' in legal or contractual contexts. You are also aware of the historical and etymological roots of the word, which can help you understand its use in older texts or dialects. You can use 'spät' in highly idiomatic ways, such as 'Es ist fünf vor zwölf' (it's five to twelve/almost too late), and understand the cultural weight behind such phrases. Your ability to use 'spät' in the comparative and superlative is flawless, even in complex sentences with multiple clauses. At this level, you can also play with the word for rhetorical effect, using it to create contrast or to highlight the timing of events in a sophisticated narrative.
At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'spät' in all its forms and contexts. You can use it in highly specialized academic, literary, or professional fields with total accuracy. You might engage in philosophical debates about the nature of time, using 'spät' to describe the 'Spätmoderne' (late modernity) or other complex concepts. You can interpret the use of 'spät' in classical German literature, understanding how its meaning and connotations might have shifted over centuries. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can use 'spät' and its synonyms to convey the finest shades of meaning, choosing 'säumig' over 'spät' in a legal document or 'posthum' in a biographical context without hesitation. You are also fully aware of the regional variations and dialectal uses of 'spät' across the German-speaking world. At this level, 'spät' is a tool you use with absolute confidence and creative flair.

spät in 30 Seconds

  • Spät is the German word for 'late', used for both time of day and being behind schedule.
  • Commonly used in the question 'Wie spät ist es?' to ask for the current time.
  • Requires 'zu' (zu spät) when expressing that a person is late for an appointment.
  • Has comparative 'später' (later) and superlative 'am spätesten' (latest) forms for time comparisons.
The German word spät is a fundamental temporal adjective and adverb that primarily translates to 'late' in English. At its core, it describes an event, action, or state that occurs after the expected, usual, or desired time. In the German-speaking world, where punctuality is often elevated to a cultural virtue, understanding the nuances of 'spät' is essential for social integration and professional success. The word is versatile, appearing in contexts ranging from simple time-telling to complex philosophical discussions about historical eras.
Temporal Position
It indicates a point in time that is far advanced in a period, such as 'spät am Abend' (late in the evening) or 'im späten 20. Jahrhundert' (in the late 20th century).

Es ist schon sehr spät, wir sollten nach Hause gehen.

Beyond mere clock time, 'spät' carries a weight of social expectation. When someone is 'spät dran' (running late), there is an implicit acknowledgment of a deviation from a schedule. This word is the antonym of 'früh' (early) and 'pünktlich' (punctual). Interestingly, German uses 'spät' in the standard question for time: 'Wie spät ist es?' which literally translates to 'How late is it?' but means 'What time is it?'. This reflects a linguistic focus on the progression of the day. In professional settings, being 'spät' is rarely viewed neutrally. It often requires an apology or an explanation. However, in creative or academic contexts, 'spät' can refer to the final phase of a person's work, known as the 'Spätwerk' (late work).
Comparative Forms
The comparative is 'später' (later) and the superlative is 'am spätesten' (latest). These are used frequently to coordinate future meetings.

Können wir uns etwas später treffen?

Er kam am spätesten von allen Gästen an.

Idiomatic Usage
Phrases like 'zu guter Letzt' or 'besser spät als nie' (better late than never) show how the concept of lateness is embedded in German wisdom and daily conversation.

Besser spät als nie, sagte er, als er endlich ankam.

Es ist fünf vor zwölf, es ist fast zu spät.

In summary, 'spät' is more than just a word for time; it is a marker of social rhythm and cultural expectations in the German-speaking world.
Using 'spät' correctly requires understanding its role as both an adverb and an adjective, as well as its specific idiomatic constructions. When used as an adverb, it modifies the verb to indicate when an action takes place. For example, 'Ich arbeite heute spät' (I am working late today). In this case, 'spät' remains uninflected. However, when used as an adjective before a noun, it must follow the rules of German adjective declension, agreeing with the gender, case, and number of the noun it modifies.
Adjectival Use
'Ein später Gast' (A late guest), 'Die späte Stunde' (The late hour), 'Das späte Frühstück' (The late breakfast). Notice how the ending changes based on the noun.

Wir genossen ein spätes Abendessen in der Altstadt.

One of the most common pitfalls for English speakers is the phrase 'I am late'. In English, 'late' is a predicate adjective. In German, you generally do not say 'Ich bin spät' to mean you have arrived after the scheduled time. Instead, you say 'Ich bin zu spät' (I am too late) or 'Ich komme zu spät' (I am coming too late/I am late). Using 'Ich bin spät' might imply that you are 'late' in a more existential or developmental sense, or it might just sound like 'Denglish' (German-English hybrid).
Comparative and Superlative
'Später' is used for 'later'. 'Spätestens' means 'at the latest'. Example: 'Ich brauche das spätestens am Freitag' (I need that by Friday at the latest).

Komm bitte nicht später als acht Uhr.

Wir müssen uns spätestens um neun Uhr treffen.

Another important construction is 'bis spät in die Nacht' (until late into the night). This shows how 'spät' can be part of prepositional phrases to define durations. In the context of age, 'spät' can describe someone who does something later in life, like a 'Spätberufener' (someone who finds their calling late).
Combining with 'zu'
The addition of 'zu' (too) changes the meaning from a neutral observation of time to a criticism or a statement of missed opportunity. 'Es ist zu spät' (It is too late).

Es ist nie zu spät, etwas Neues zu lernen.

Warum kommst du so spät?

Understanding these patterns allows learners to navigate time-related conversations with precision and cultural awareness.
In daily life in Germany, Austria, or Switzerland, you will encounter 'spät' in a multitude of environments. One of the most frequent places is the train station (Bahnhof). While the official announcements might use 'Verspätung' (delay), passengers often grumble, 'Der Zug kommt wieder spät' (The train is coming late again). In the workplace, 'spät' is a word of high stakes. Meetings are expected to start 'pünktlich' (on the dot), and arriving 'spät' is often met with stern looks or the need for a formal 'Entschuldigung' (apology).
Public Transport
You will hear 'spät' in discussions about schedules, especially when things go wrong. 'Wie spät kommt der Bus?' (How late is the bus coming?)

Der Zug hat heute leider eine späte Ankunftszeit.

In social circles, 'spät' is used to define the rhythm of the night. If you are at a party, someone might say, 'Es wird langsam spät' (It's getting late), which is a polite way of suggesting it's time to leave. Conversely, 'Nachteulen' (night owls) love the 'späte Stunden' (late hours) for their quiet and focus. In news broadcasts, you might hear about 'Spätfolgen' (long-term consequences/late effects) of a political decision or a medical condition. This demonstrates the word's reach into more abstract and serious domains.
Media and News
Headlines often use 'spät' to describe last-minute goals in sports: 'Ein spätes Tor entschied das Spiel' (A late goal decided the game).

Die späten Nachrichten kommen um 22 Uhr.

Wir haben bis spät in die Nacht gefeiert.

Academic Context
Historians talk about the 'Spätantike' (Late Antiquity) or 'Spätmittelalter' (Late Middle Ages), using 'spät' to categorize eras.

Das ist ein typisches Merkmal der späten Renaissance.

Er hat erst spät mit dem Studium begonnen.

Whether you are catching a late bus, watching the late news, or apologizing for a late arrival, 'spät' is an omnipresent word in the German linguistic landscape.
One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when using 'spät' is a direct translation of the English phrase 'I am late'. In English, 'late' is an adjective describing the person. In German, if you say 'Ich bin spät', it sounds incomplete or slightly odd. The correct way to express that you have arrived after the scheduled time is 'Ich komme zu spät' (I am coming too late) or 'Ich bin zu spät dran' (I am late/running late). The 'zu' (too) is crucial here because it indicates that the lateness is excessive relative to a fixed point in time.
The 'Zu' Factor
Always remember: 'spät' is often neutral (late in the day), but 'zu spät' is usually negative (missed the deadline).

Falsch: Ich bin spät. Richtig: Ich komme zu spät.

Another mistake involves confusing 'spät' with 'verspätet'. While they both relate to lateness, 'verspätet' is the past participle of 'verspäten' and is used almost exclusively for delays in transport or official schedules. You would say 'Der Zug ist verspätet', but you wouldn't usually say 'Ich bin verspätet' unless you want to sound very formal or like a train yourself. For people, 'Ich habe mich verspätet' (I have delayed myself/I'm late) is the reflexive and correct way to use the verb form.
Word Order with 'Wie spät'
In the question 'Wie spät ist es?', the word order is fixed. Beginners sometimes try to say 'Wie ist spät es?', which is incorrect.

Es ist schon spät, aber noch nicht zu spät.

Er kam spät nach Hause, aber er war nicht zu spät zum Essen.

Adjective Endings
Forgetting to decline 'spät' when it's an adjective is a classic A1-A2 mistake. 'Ein spät Film' is wrong; it must be 'Ein später Film'.

Ein später Sieg ist besser als gar kein Sieg.

Wir trafen uns zu einer späten Stunde.

By being mindful of these common pitfalls, learners can communicate more naturally and avoid the 'translation trap' that often leads to awkward phrasing.
While 'spät' is the most common word for 'late', German offers several alternatives depending on the specific context and desired level of formality. Understanding these synonyms helps in fine-tuning your expression. 'Verspätet' is perhaps the closest synonym, but it specifically implies a delay relative to a fixed schedule. 'Verzögert' is more technical, often used in business or engineering to describe a process that is taking longer than planned.
spät vs. verspätet
'Spät' is a general time (late evening), while 'verspätet' is a missed deadline (the train is late).

Der Termin wurde verzögert, also kommen wir später.

For something that happens after the fact, 'nachträglich' is a useful alternative. For example, 'ein nachträgliches Geburtstagsgeschenk' is a late birthday present. If someone is habitually late, you might call them 'unpünktlich' (unpunctual) or 'säumig' (dilatory/negligent), though the latter is quite formal and often used in legal or financial contexts (e.g., 'ein säumiger Zahler' - a late payer).
spät vs. pünktlich
These are direct opposites. In Germany, 'pünktlich' often means 5 minutes early, so 'spät' starts exactly at the scheduled time!

Er ist oft unpünktlich, was in der Firma nicht gut ankommt.

Die nachträgliche Änderung war sehr teuer.

Formal Alternatives
In academic writing, you might use 'posthum' for something occurring after death, rather than 'spät'.

Das Buch wurde posthum veröffentlicht.

Die Entscheidung kam reichlich spät.

By exploring these alternatives, you can move beyond the basic 'spät' and describe temporal delays with much greater accuracy and sophistication.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

"Wir bedauern die späte Zustellung."

Neutral

"Es ist schon spät."

Informal

"Bin spät dran, sorry!"

Child friendly

"Es ist spät, ab ins Bett!"

Slang

"Voll spät, Alter!"

Fun Fact

The word 'spät' is cognate with the English word 'speed' in its archaic sense of 'success' or 'advancement' (as in 'Godspeed'), reflecting a root meaning of 'thriving' or 'stretching out' in time.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ʃpɛːt/
US /ʃpeɪt/
The word is a single syllable, so the stress is on the entire word.
Rhymes With
Gerät Verrat Salat (near rhyme) Staat (near rhyme) Draht (near rhyme) Naht Saat Tat
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing 'sp' as 'sp' instead of 'shp'.
  • Making the 'ä' sound too much like 'a' in 'cat'.
  • Shortening the vowel too much.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 1/5

Very easy to recognize in text.

Writing 2/5

Requires attention to adjective endings.

Speaking 2/5

Pronunciation of 'sp' as 'shp' is key.

Listening 1/5

Commonly used and easy to hear.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

die Zeit die Uhr früh kommen sein

Learn Next

die Verspätung pünktlich spätestens warten der Termin

Advanced

die Spätantike die Spätfolge nachträglich verzögert säumig

Grammar to Know

Adjective Declension

Ein später Abend (Nominative), eines späten Abends (Genitive).

Comparison of Adjectives

spät, später, am spätesten.

Adverbial Use

Er arbeitet spät. (No ending needed).

Prepositional Phrases

Bis spät in die Nacht (Accusative after 'in').

Reflexive Verbs

Sich verspäten (Ich verspäte mich).

Examples by Level

1

Wie spät ist es?

What time is it?

Fixed idiom for asking the time.

2

Es ist schon spät.

It is already late.

Adverbial use with 'sein'.

3

Ich komme spät nach Hause.

I am coming home late.

Adverb modifying the verb 'kommen'.

4

Der Bus ist spät.

The bus is late.

Predicate adjective.

5

Entschuldigung, ich bin zu spät.

Sorry, I am late.

'zu spät' is the standard way to say 'late' for a person.

6

Früh oder spät?

Early or late?

Comparison of opposites.

7

Wir essen heute spät.

We are eating late today.

Adverbial use.

8

Gute Nacht, es ist spät!

Good night, it is late!

Exclamatory use.

1

Kannst du später kommen?

Can you come later?

Comparative form 'später'.

2

Er kam am spätesten an.

He arrived the latest.

Superlative form 'am spätesten'.

3

Ich brauche das spätestens morgen.

I need that by tomorrow at the latest.

'spätestens' used as an adverb.

4

Das war ein später Film.

That was a late movie.

Adjective declension (masculine nominative).

5

Wir hatten ein spätes Frühstück.

We had a late breakfast.

Adjective declension (neuter accusative).

6

Sie arbeitet in der Spätschicht.

She works the late shift.

Compound noun 'Spätschicht'.

7

Es wird langsam spät.

It's slowly getting late.

Used with 'werden' to show progression.

8

Besser spät als nie.

Better late than never.

Common idiom.

1

Der Zug hatte eine große Verspätung.

The train had a big delay.

Noun 'Verspätung' derived from 'spät'.

2

Trotz der späten Stunde war er wach.

Despite the late hour, he was awake.

Genitive case with 'trotz'.

3

Wir müssen die Spätfolgen bedenken.

We must consider the late consequences.

Compound noun 'Spätfolgen'.

4

Er ist ein Spätberufener.

He is someone who found his calling late.

Substantivized adjective.

5

Ich habe mich leider verspätet.

Unfortunately, I was delayed.

Reflexive verb 'verspäten'.

6

Das ist ein Werk aus seiner späten Phase.

That is a work from his late phase.

Adjective declension (feminine dative).

7

Wir blieben bis spät in die Nacht.

We stayed until late into the night.

Prepositional phrase.

8

Es ist reichlich spät für eine Entschuldigung.

It is quite late for an apology.

Adverb 'reichlich' used for emphasis.

1

Die Spätantike ist eine faszinierende Epoche.

Late Antiquity is a fascinating epoch.

Historical term 'Spätantike'.

2

Die Entscheidung kam reichlich spät.

The decision came rather late.

Nuanced adverbial use.

3

Wir müssen mit Spätfrösten rechnen.

We must expect late frosts.

Compound noun 'Spätfrost'.

4

Er leidet an den Spätfolgen des Unfalls.

He suffers from the late effects of the accident.

Medical/technical context.

5

Das Spätwerk des Komponisten ist sehr komplex.

The composer's late work is very complex.

Artistic term 'Spätwerk'.

6

Sie ist eine Spätzünderin.

She is a late bloomer.

Idiomatic noun 'Spätzünder'.

7

Die Nachricht erreichte uns erst spät am Abend.

The news reached us only late in the evening.

Temporal adverbial phrase.

8

Spätestens am Freitag brauchen wir eine Antwort.

We need an answer by Friday at the latest.

Setting a firm deadline.

1

Die Spätmoderne bringt neue Herausforderungen.

Late modernity brings new challenges.

Sociological term 'Spätmoderne'.

2

Seine späte Einsicht änderte nichts mehr.

His late insight changed nothing anymore.

Abstract adjectival use.

3

Das ist ein typisches Merkmal des Spätbarock.

That is a typical feature of the late Baroque.

Art historical term.

4

Die Spätheimkehrer hatten es schwer.

The late returnees had a hard time.

Historical term 'Spätheimkehrer'.

5

Es ist fünf vor zwölf für das Klima.

It is five to twelve for the climate.

Idiom for 'almost too late'.

6

Die späte Rache war süß.

The late revenge was sweet.

Literary/dramatic use.

7

Wir müssen die Spätwirkungen der Medikamente beobachten.

We must observe the late effects of the medication.

Scientific/medical term.

8

Er kam erst in seinen späten Dreißigern zur Ruhe.

He only found peace in his late thirties.

Describing a phase of life.

1

Das Spätstadium der Krankheit ist unheilbar.

The late stage of the disease is incurable.

Medical term 'Spätstadium'.

2

Die Spätphilosophie Wittgensteins ist wegweisend.

Wittgenstein's late philosophy is groundbreaking.

Academic term 'Spätphilosophie'.

3

Man erkennt hier die Spätblüte der Kultur.

One recognizes here the late flowering of the culture.

Metaphorical/literary use.

4

Die Spätfolgen der Kolonialisierung sind noch spürbar.

The late consequences of colonization are still felt.

Sociopolitical context.

5

Er ist ein Meister der späten Pointe.

He is a master of the late punchline.

Describing comedic timing.

6

Die Spätberufung zum Priesteramt war überraschend.

The late calling to the priesthood was surprising.

Religious context.

7

In der Spätphase des Projekts gab es Probleme.

In the late phase of the project, there were problems.

Project management context.

8

Das ist eine späte Würdigung seines Lebenswerks.

That is a late recognition of his life's work.

Formal/honorary context.

Common Collocations

zu spät kommen
wie spät
bis spät in die Nacht
am späten Abend
zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt
spät dran sein
viel zu spät
etwas später
erst spät
reichlich spät

Common Phrases

Besser spät als nie.

— It is better to do something late than not at all.

Hier ist dein Geschenk, besser spät als nie!

Es ist schon spät.

— It's getting late, time to wrap up.

Es ist schon spät, ich muss gehen.

Wie spät haben wir es?

— A variation of 'What time is it?'.

Wie spät haben wir es eigentlich?

Spät, aber doch.

— Late, but it finally happened.

Er hat angerufen, spät, aber doch.

Viel zu spät.

— Way too late.

Du kommst viel zu spät zum Unterricht.

Spätestens morgen.

— By tomorrow at the latest.

Ich brauche das spätestens morgen.

Ein später Gast.

— Someone who arrives late to a party.

Wir haben noch einen späten Gast bekommen.

In der späten Nacht.

— In the middle of the night.

In der späten Nacht ist es hier sehr ruhig.

Später vielleicht.

— Maybe later.

Möchtest du Kaffee? Später vielleicht.

Bis später!

— See you later!

Ich muss jetzt los. Bis später!

Often Confused With

spät vs letzte

Means 'last' in a sequence, while 'spät' means late in time.

spät vs verspätet

Specifically refers to a delay, while 'spät' is more general.

spät vs nachher

Means 'afterwards', while 'später' means 'later'.

Idioms & Expressions

"Es ist fünf vor zwölf."

— It is almost too late to act (often regarding climate or politics).

Beim Umweltschutz ist es fünf vor zwölf.

journalistic
"Spätzünder sein."

— To be a late bloomer or slow to understand a joke.

Er hat den Witz erst nach einer Minute verstanden, er ist ein Spätzünder.

informal
"Zu spät kommen."

— To be late for something.

Ich bin heute zu spät gekommen.

neutral
"Den späten Wurm fängt der Vogel nicht."

— Play on 'The early bird catches the worm'.

Wer spät kommt, verpasst das Beste.

humorous
"Spät dran sein."

— To be running late.

Ich bin heute echt spät dran.

informal
"Sich verspäten."

— To be delayed.

Bitte entschuldigen Sie, ich habe mich verspätet.

formal
"Spätfolgen haben."

— To have long-term negative effects.

Diese Entscheidung wird Spätfolgen haben.

serious
"Bis in die Puppen."

— Until very late (referring to the statues in Berlin's Tiergarten).

Wir haben bis in die Puppen getanzt.

informal/regional
"Zu guter Letzt."

— Finally / last but not least.

Und zu guter Letzt danke ich meiner Frau.

neutral
"Auf den letzten Drücker."

— At the very last moment.

Er hat die Hausaufgaben auf den letzten Drücker gemacht.

informal

Easily Confused

spät vs spät

English speakers use it for 'the late Mr. X'.

In German, 'spät' only refers to time. For deceased people, use 'verstorben'.

Der verstorbene Herr Müller (The late Mr. Müller).

spät vs zu spät

Often translated simply as 'late'.

In German, 'zu spät' implies missing a deadline, while 'spät' can just mean late in the day.

Es ist spät (It's late at night) vs. Ich bin zu spät (I missed the meeting).

spät vs später

Confused with 'nachher'.

'Später' is a comparative of time, 'nachher' means after a specific event.

Wir sehen uns später (later today) vs. Wir sehen uns nachher (after the movie).

spät vs verspätet

Used interchangeably in English.

'Verspätet' is usually for vehicles or official events.

Der Zug ist verspätet.

spät vs zeitig

Sounds like 'tidy' or 'timey'.

It actually means 'early enough' or 'in good time', the opposite of 'spät'.

Wir müssen zeitig aufstehen.

Sentence Patterns

A1

Es ist [Zeit] spät.

Es ist schon spät.

A1

Wie spät ist es?

Wie spät ist es jetzt?

A2

Ich komme [Zeit] später.

Ich komme zehn Minuten später.

A2

Spätestens um [Uhrzeit].

Spätestens um neun Uhr.

B1

Trotz der späten [Nomen].

Trotz der späten Stunde.

B1

Sich [Zeit] verspäten.

Der Zug hat sich verspätet.

B2

Die Spätfolgen von [Dativ].

Die Spätfolgen vom Rauchen.

C1

Ein typisches Merkmal der späten [Epoche].

Ein typisches Merkmal der späten Romantik.

Word Family

Nouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Related

How to Use It

frequency

Extremely high; one of the top 500 words in German.

Common Mistakes
  • Ich bin spät. Ich komme zu spät.

    English speakers translate 'I am late' literally, but German requires 'zu spät' and often the verb 'kommen'.

  • Wie ist spät es? Wie spät ist es?

    The word order in this question is fixed and cannot be changed.

  • Ein spät Film. Ein später Film.

    Adjectives before nouns must have the correct endings.

  • Der späte Präsident. Der verstorbene Präsident.

    'Spät' cannot be used to mean 'deceased' in German.

  • Ich habe eine Verspätung. Ich habe Verspätung.

    In German, you usually don't use an article with 'Verspätung' when talking about yourself.

Tips

Adjective Endings

Remember to add endings to 'spät' when it comes before a noun. 'Ein später Abend', 'eine späte Antwort', 'ein spätes Ende'.

Punctuality

In Germany, being 'zu spät' is often seen as rude. If you are going to be late, always call or text ahead.

Verspätung

Learn the noun 'die Verspätung' early, as you will hear it constantly at train stations and airports.

Bis später

Use 'Bis später!' as a friendly way to say 'See you later' to colleagues or friends.

The 'ä' sound

The 'ä' in 'spät' is long. Practice saying it like the 'e' in 'bed' but held longer.

Zu spät vs Spät

Use 'zu spät' for missing things and 'spät' for the time of day.

Spätestens

Use 'spätestens' to sound more professional when setting deadlines.

Train Announcements

When you hear '...hat heute ca. 10 Minuten Verspätung', it means the train is 10 minutes late.

Späti

If you are in Berlin, ask 'Wo ist der nächste Späti?' to find a late-night shop.

Late Plate

Imagine a 'late plate' of food waiting for you because you arrived 'spät'.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a 'SPAT' (argument) you might have if you arrive 'SPÄT' (late) to a German meeting.

Visual Association

Imagine a clock where the hands are 'stretching' (spät) towards the end of the day.

Word Web

Zeit Uhr Abend Nacht Verspätung Termin Warten Eile

Challenge

Try to use 'spät' in three different sentences today: one asking the time, one about your schedule, and one about the evening.

Word Origin

From Middle High German 'spæt(e)', from Old High German 'spāti'. It is related to the Dutch 'laat' and English 'late'.

Original meaning: Slow, late, or occurring at the end of a period.

Germanic

Cultural Context

Be careful when using 'spät' to describe people's age or developmental stages; 'Spätzünder' can be slightly derogatory depending on the tone.

English speakers often say 'I am late', but in German, you must say 'Ich komme zu spät'.

Spätlese (a type of late-harvest wine) Spätantike (historical period) Spätwerk (final works of famous artists like Goethe or Beethoven)

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Asking the time

  • Wie spät ist es?
  • Wie spät haben wir es?
  • Entschuldigung, wissen Sie, wie spät es ist?
  • Können Sie mir sagen, wie spät es ist?

Apologizing for lateness

  • Entschuldigung für die Verspätung.
  • Ich komme leider etwas zu spät.
  • Es tut mir leid, dass ich so spät bin.
  • Ich habe mich verspätet.

Scheduling

  • Geht es auch etwas später?
  • Spätestens um acht Uhr.
  • Wann ist es zu spät?
  • Bis später!

Nightlife

  • Es wird langsam spät.
  • Wir gehen zum Späti.
  • Bis spät in die Nacht feiern.
  • Die späte Party.

Work

  • Ich habe heute Spätschicht.
  • Das Projekt ist spät dran.
  • Die späte Abgabe.
  • Später anfangen.

Conversation Starters

"Wie spät ist es bei dir gerade?"

"Kommst du oft zu spät zu Terminen?"

"Arbeitest du lieber früh oder spät am Tag?"

"Was war das späteste, das du jemals wach geblieben bist?"

"Findest du, dass 'besser spät als nie' immer stimmt?"

Journal Prompts

Schreibe über einen Tag, an dem du viel zu spät gekommen bist. Was ist passiert?

Bist du eine Nachteule? Warum magst du die späten Stunden?

Wie wichtig ist Pünktlichkeit in deiner Kultur im Vergleich zu Deutschland?

Was möchtest du später in deinem Leben noch erreichen?

Beschreibe ein 'Spätwerk' eines Künstlers, das du bewunderst.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

The most common way is 'Ich komme zu spät' or 'Ich bin zu spät dran'. Avoid 'Ich bin spät'.

'Spät' is a general adjective for time (e.g., late evening). 'Verspätet' means delayed relative to a schedule (e.g., a late train).

Use the fixed phrase 'Wie spät ist es?'.

It means 'at the latest'. For example, 'spätestens morgen' means 'by tomorrow at the latest'.

No, German uses 'verstorben' or 'selig' for 'the late...'. 'Spät' is only for time.

It can be both. As an adverb: 'Er kommt spät'. As an adjective: 'Ein später Gast'.

The main opposites are 'früh' (early) and 'pünktlich' (punctual).

It is always pronounced like 'shp'.

A 'Späti' (Spätkauf) is a convenience store in Germany that stays open late at night.

It's the German equivalent of 'Better late than never'.

Test Yourself 180 questions

writing

Write a sentence asking for the time.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'I am coming home late today'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'Sorry, I am late'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'It is already late'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'Better late than never'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'Can we meet later?'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'I need the report by Friday at the latest'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'The train is 5 minutes late'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'She works the late shift'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'I was delayed because of the traffic'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'We stayed until late into the night'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'These are the late consequences of the war'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'He is a late bloomer'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'The decision came rather late'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'We must consider the late work of the author'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'Late Antiquity was a time of change'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'It is five to twelve for the environment'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'The late recognition was a great honor'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'He only found his calling late in life'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write 'The late stage of the project is critical'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'What time is it?' in German.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'I am late' (the correct way).

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'See you later'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'It is already late'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'Better late than never'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'At the latest tomorrow'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'I am coming later'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'The train is late'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'I was delayed'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'Until late at night'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'The late shift'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'Late consequences'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'He is a late bloomer'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'Quite late'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'Late Antiquity'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'It is almost too late'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'Late capitalism'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'Late stage'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'Late work'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'Late recognition'.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'Wie spät ist es?' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'zu spät' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'später' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'Verspätung' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'spätestens' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'Spätschicht' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'verspätet' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'Spätfolgen' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'Spätzünder' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'reichlich spät' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'Spätantike' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'fünf vor zwölf' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'Spätwerk' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'Spätstadium' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Listen for 'Spätlese' and identify the meaning.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

Was this helpful?

Comments (0)

Login to Comment
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts!