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B2 noun 12 min read

علی‌رغم این

ali-raghm-e in
Practice it Examples Notes & Tips علی‌رغم این in 30 Seconds
Explanation علی‌رغم این in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to connect ideas. Usually, you use the word 'اما' (ama) or 'ولی' (vali) to say 'but'. For example, 'It is cold, but I am going out.' The phrase 'علی‌رغم این' (ali-raghm-e in) is a much more advanced version of 'but'. Think of it as a 'super but'. You probably won't use it in your own speaking yet, but you might see it in a book or hear it on the news. It means 'even though this thing happened, the next thing still happened.' It's like saying 'despite this'. At this stage, just try to recognize it when you see it. If you see 'علی‌رغم' at the start of a sentence, know that a surprise is coming. It's a way for Persian speakers to show that something was difficult but they did it anyway. For example, if you say 'I was tired. Despite this, I studied Persian,' you are using this phrase. It makes you sound very smart and serious! Don't worry about the grammar too much yet; just remember that it connects two sentences where the second one is a bit surprising. It's a formal way to show contrast. In English, we might say 'Even so' or 'Regardless'. As an A1 learner, just focus on the 'ali' part (which sounds like the name Ali) and the 'raghm' part. It's a big phrase for a beginner, but it's very useful for understanding formal Persian.
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At the A2 level, you are moving beyond simple sentences and starting to use more connectors. You already know 'اما' (but) and maybe 'چون' (because). Now, it's time to recognize 'علی‌رغم این' (ali-raghm-e in) as a formal way to say 'nevertheless' or 'despite this'. In your A2 reading materials, like short news stories or formal letters, you will see this phrase. It is used to link two complete thoughts. For example: 'The weather was bad. Despite this, we went to the park.' In Persian: 'هوا بد بود. علی‌رغم این، به پارک رفتیم.' Notice how it usually comes after a full stop. It's like a signal that says, 'Wait! Something unexpected is about to be said.' As an A2 student, you should try to understand that 'علی‌رغم' is a special word that means 'despite'. When you add 'این' (this), you are referring to the whole sentence you just said. It's a very efficient way to speak. Instead of repeating 'Despite the bad weather...', you just say 'Despite this...'. You might find the pronunciation a bit tricky because of the 'gh' (غ) sound, which is made in the back of the throat. Practice saying 'ali-raghm-e in' slowly. Even if you don't use it in every conversation, knowing it will help you understand more formal Persian, like what you might hear on a Persian YouTube channel or a simplified news podcast for learners.
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As a B1 (Intermediate) learner, you are expected to handle more complex logical structures in Persian. 'علی‌رغم این' (ali-raghm-e in) is a key tool for your 'transitional vocabulary'. At this level, you should start using this phrase in your writing to make it sound more professional. When you write an essay about your opinions or a letter to a formal institution, 'علی‌رغم این' helps you acknowledge obstacles while presenting your main point. For example, if you are discussing the difficulties of learning a language, you could say: 'Learning Persian is difficult; despite this, it is very rewarding.' (یادگیری فارسی سخت است؛ علی‌رغم این، بسیار لذت‌بخش است). You should also begin to notice the difference between 'علی‌رغم این' and 'با این حال'. While 'با این حال' is very common and slightly softer, 'علی‌رغم این' is stronger and more formal. It emphasizes the fact that the first statement was a significant hurdle. You should also be careful with the 'Ezafe' (the 'e' sound). Remember that 'علی‌رغم' is connected to 'این' with that 'e' sound. This is a common feature of Persian where prepositions connect to pronouns. At B1, you should also be able to distinguish this phrase from 'علیرغم این‌که' (despite the fact that), which is used to combine two clauses into one long sentence. Mastering 'علی‌رغم این' will significantly improve your 'cohesion'—how well your ideas stick together in a logical flow.
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At the B2 level, you are aiming for 'Upper Intermediate' fluency, which means you should be comfortable with the nuances of formal Persian. 'علی‌رغم این' (ali-raghm-e in) is a phrase you should not only recognize but also use with precision. At this level, you understand that this phrase is not just a synonym for 'but'; it is a rhetorical device used to emphasize concession. It shows that you can handle 'adversative' relationships between ideas in a sophisticated way. You should be able to use it in academic contexts, such as summarizing a text or participating in a debate. For instance, in a discussion about technology, you might say: 'Technology has brought many challenges to privacy; despite this, its benefits for communication are undeniable.' You should also be aware of the 'register'—this phrase is perfect for news reports, official emails, and university papers. Using it correctly shows that you have moved beyond the 'spoken-style only' Persian and can operate in the 'written-style' or 'formal-spoken-style'. You should also pay attention to the punctuation. At B2, you should know that 'علی‌رغم این' is usually preceded by a semicolon or a period and followed by a comma. This structural awareness is what separates a B2 learner from a B1 learner. You might also start to compare it with other Arabic-rooted connectors like 'با این وجود' or 'مع‌ذلک' and choose 'علی‌رغم این' when you want to specifically highlight the 'defiance' of an obstacle, as the root 'raghm' implies doing something in spite of opposition.
For C1 (Advanced) learners, 'علی‌رغم این' (ali-raghm-e in) is a standard part of your high-level repertoire. You should be able to use it effortlessly in complex argumentative writing and formal presentations. At this level, you are not just using the phrase for its meaning, but for its rhythmic and stylistic impact on your prose. You understand the historical and linguistic weight of the Arabic root 'رغم' and how it functions within the Persian Ezafe system. You should be able to use this phrase to create 'nuanced concessions' in your arguments. For example, in a literary analysis, you might discuss how a character's actions are contradictory: 'The protagonist is aware of the risks; despite this, his tragic flaw drives him toward his downfall.' You should also be able to distinguish between 'علی‌رغم این' and its more archaic or hyper-formal counterparts like 'علی‌الرغمِ این' (with the Arabic definite article 'al'). A C1 learner knows that 'علی‌الرغم' is often considered a bit redundant or 'hyper-correct' by some modern stylists, and 'علی‌رغم این' is the preferred modern formal standard. You should also be comfortable using this phrase in 'speech acts' like formal rebuttals in a negotiation or a seminar, where you need to acknowledge a point made by someone else before immediately pivoting to your own counter-argument. Your use of the phrase should feel natural, integrated, and perfectly timed to maintain the flow of a sophisticated discourse.
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At the C2 (Mastery) level, your understanding of 'علی‌رغم این' (ali-raghm-e in) is near-native. You recognize it as a versatile tool for 'discourse marking'. You are sensitive to the subtle 'prosody' of the phrase—how it sounds in the rhythm of a long, complex Persian sentence. You can use it to manage very complex information where multiple layers of contrast are present. For instance, you might use 'اگرچه' for a minor contrast, 'اما' for a medium one, and 'علی‌رغم این' for the most significant, overarching contrast in a paragraph. You are also aware of the stylistic debates surrounding the use of Arabic-heavy phrases in Persian. While some 'Persian purists' might prefer 'با این همه' or 'با این وجود', you know that 'علی‌رغم این' remains the dominant choice in legal, bureaucratic, and high-journalistic Persian because of its precision and established history. You can also detect when the phrase is being used ironically or for rhetorical effect in political speeches. At this level, you could even explain the grammatical evolution of the phrase from its Arabic origins to its current status as a fixed Persian adverbial phrase. Your mastery is such that you don't just 'use' the word; you 'deploy' it strategically to control the tone and logical direction of your communication, whether you are writing a doctoral thesis in Persian or delivering a keynote speech at a conference in Tehran.
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Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

علی‌رغم این in 30 Seconds

  • A formal Persian phrase meaning 'despite this' or 'nevertheless'.
  • Used as a transition at the start of a sentence to show contrast.
  • Common in academic, legal, and journalistic Persian contexts.
  • Requires the 'Ezafe' sound (/e/) to connect 'ali-raghm' and 'in'.

The Persian phrase علی‌رغم این (pronounced as ali-raghm-e in) is a sophisticated transitional phrase used to introduce a contrast or a concession. At its core, it translates to 'despite this,' 'notwithstanding this,' or 'nevertheless.' It is a compound structure composed of the Arabic-derived preposition 'علی‌رغم' (ali-raghm) and the Persian demonstrative pronoun 'این' (in), meaning 'this.' In the landscape of Persian linguistics, this phrase serves as a bridge between two conflicting ideas, where the second idea occurs even though the first idea might have suggested otherwise. It is a hallmark of formal, academic, and journalistic Persian. When you hear a news anchor on BBC Persian or a professor at the University of Tehran speaking, you are almost guaranteed to encounter this phrase. It signals to the listener that the speaker is about to provide information that contradicts the previous statement or context.

Etymological Root
The word 'raghm' (رغم) in Arabic literally refers to 'dust' or 'soiling with dust,' often used metaphorically to mean 'against someone's will' or 'to spite.' In Persian, it has evolved into a standard preposition for 'despite.'

Understanding the nuance of this phrase requires recognizing its weight. Unlike the simple 'اما' (but) or 'ولی' (but), علی‌رغم این carries an air of intentionality and structural complexity. It is used when the speaker wants to emphasize the resilience of a fact in the face of opposition. For instance, if a government faces economic sanctions but continues to grow, a reporter would use this phrase to highlight the surprising nature of that growth. It is not just about a difference; it is about an obstacle that was overcome or ignored.

هوا بسیار طوفانی بود؛ علی‌رغم این، کوهنوردان به مسیر خود ادامه دادند.
(The weather was very stormy; despite this, the climbers continued their path.)

In contemporary Persian, the phrase is indispensable for anyone aiming for a B2 level of proficiency or higher. It allows for the construction of complex sentences that mirror the logical flow of high-level English discourse. It is often preceded by a semicolon or a period, as it usually starts a new clause that reacts to the previous one. It functions similarly to 'however' but with a stronger sense of 'despite the circumstances mentioned before.'

Register and Tone
This phrase is predominantly formal. While it may appear in serious daily conversations, it is rare in casual slang or intimate family settings where 'با این حال' (with this state/situation) is more common.

مشکلات مالی زیادی وجود داشت؛ علی‌رغم این، پروژه با موفقیت به پایان رسید.
(There were many financial problems; despite this, the project was completed successfully.)

Furthermore, the phrase highlights the Persian language's ability to absorb Arabic loanwords and integrate them into its grammatical framework using the 'Ezafe' construction (the short 'e' sound connecting 'raghm' to 'in'). This integration is a key feature of the 'Persianate' literary tradition, where Arabic vocabulary provides the technical and abstract terminology while Persian syntax provides the skeletal structure. By mastering علی‌رغم این, you are not just learning a word; you are engaging with the historical synthesis of two major world languages.

Using علی‌رغم این correctly requires an understanding of sentence transitions. In Persian grammar, this phrase acts as a conjunctive adverb. It typically appears at the beginning of a second clause to show that the information following it is unexpected given the first clause. Unlike 'اگرچه' (although), which introduces a subordinate clause, علی‌رغم این stands at the threshold of a main clause, pointing back to the entirety of the previous thought. It is the linguistic equivalent of a 'u-turn' sign on a highway; you are moving in one direction of logic, and then you suddenly pivot.

Sentence Structure A
[Statement 1]. علی‌رغم این، [Statement 2]. This is the most common usage, where Statement 2 contradicts the expectations set by Statement 1.

One of the most important aspects of using this phrase is the 'Ezafe' (the linker). In writing, the 'e' sound after 'raghm' is usually not written, but it must be pronounced: /ali-raghm-e in/. If you omit the 'in', the phrase remains incomplete unless it is followed by a specific noun (e.g., علی‌رغمِ مشکلات - despite the problems). When you use 'این', you are summarizing the entire preceding context into a single pronoun. This makes your writing more concise and sophisticated. It prevents the need to repeat long descriptions of the obstacles you just mentioned.

تیم ما بازیکنان کلیدی خود را از دست داد؛ علی‌رغم این، ما قهرمان شدیم.
(Our team lost its key players; despite this, we became champions.)

In academic writing, you might see it used to acknowledge a counter-argument before reaffirming a thesis. For example, 'The data shows a slight decline in temperature; despite this, the long-term trend of global warming remains clear.' In Persian: 'داده‌ها کاهش جزئی دما را نشان می‌دهند؛ علی‌رغم این، روند بلندمدت گرمایش جهانی همچنان آشکار است.' This demonstrates the phrase's utility in maintaining a logical flow while handling complex, multi-faceted information. It provides a level of 'intellectual honesty' to the text, showing that the writer has considered the opposing evidence.

او تمام شب را بیدار بود؛ علی‌رغم این، در امتحان نمره عالی گرفت.
(He was awake all night; despite this, he got an excellent grade in the exam.)

Sentence Structure B
[Statement 1]؛ اما علی‌رغم این، [Statement 2]. Adding 'اما' (but) before the phrase is common in speech to add extra emphasis to the contrast.

Lastly, consider the punctuation. In modern Persian typography, a semicolon (؛) or a full stop (.) is essential before علی‌رغم این. Using a simple comma can sometimes lead to a run-on sentence, which is frowned upon in formal Persian prose. By using the correct punctuation, you signal the end of the premise and the beginning of the contrastive conclusion, making your writing much easier for a native speaker to follow and appreciate.

If you are looking for علی‌رغم این in the wild, you should look toward formal media and intellectual discourse. This phrase is a staple of Persian news broadcasts. When a news anchor reports on international relations, they often use it to describe diplomatic efforts that continue in the face of conflict. For example, 'The two countries have deep disagreements; despite this, they have agreed to continue negotiations.' In this context, the phrase adds a layer of professionalism and objectivity to the reporting. It is also frequently heard in legal settings, where a lawyer might argue that a law should apply 'despite this' specific exception or circumstance.

Media Usage
Listen to the '60 Minutes' style programs on Persian television or podcasts like 'Radio Marz.' You will hear intellectuals and experts using this phrase to navigate complex social issues.

In the world of Persian literature, specifically modern prose (post-1900s), writers use علی‌رغم این to delve into the internal contradictions of their characters. A character might be terrified of a situation, but 'despite this,' they move forward. It provides a more rhythmic and weighty alternative to the more common 'با این وجود' (notwithstanding this). While 'با این وجود' is also very common, علی‌رغم این is often perceived as slightly more literary or emphatic. It suggests a more active 'defiance' of the preceding circumstances, owing to the 'raghm' (spite/will) root of the word.

در اخبار شنیدم: «دولت با بحران جدی روبروست؛ علی‌رغم این، بودجه آموزش و پرورش را افزایش داد.»
(I heard in the news: "The government is facing a serious crisis; despite this, it increased the education budget.")

You will also find this phrase in official government communiqués and business reports. If a company's quarterly report discusses a decrease in sales but an increase in overall brand value, علی‌رغم این will be the connector of choice. It allows the writer to maintain a positive outlook while acknowledging negative data points. In a business meeting, using this phrase can make you sound more authoritative and precise. It shows that you are capable of synthesizing complex information and drawing nuanced conclusions rather than just stating simple facts.

بیانیه‌ی رسمی اعلام کرد: «تحریم‌ها سخت هستند؛ علی‌رغم این، تولید داخلی رشد کرده است.»
(The official statement declared: "Sanctions are tough; despite this, domestic production has grown.")

Classroom and Academic Settings
University lecturers in Iran use this phrase constantly when discussing theories that have exceptions. It is a vital tool for critical thinking in the Persian language.

Finally, don't be surprised to find it in high-quality Persian blogs and editorials. Modern Iranian writers who discuss technology, philosophy, or sociology use this phrase to create a sophisticated narrative flow. It bridges the gap between the classical high-register Persian and the modern functional language, making it a versatile tool for any serious learner of the language.

One of the most frequent errors learners make with علی‌رغم این is confusing it with its cousin علی‌رغمِ (ali-raghm-e). While they look similar, their grammatical roles are distinct. علی‌رغمِ is a preposition that must be followed by a noun or a noun phrase (e.g., علی‌رغمِ باران - despite the rain). In contrast, علی‌رغم این is a complete transitional unit that refers back to an entire previous sentence. Using 'علی‌رغم این' followed by a noun (like saying 'despite this rain' as 'علی‌رغم این باران') is technically possible but often sounds redundant or slightly off compared to the simpler 'علی‌رغمِ باران' or 'با وجودِ این باران'.

Mistake 1: The Missing Ezafe
Pronouncing it as 'ali-raghm in' without the 'e' sound. The Ezafe is the glue that holds the phrase together. Without it, the words are just floating next to each other.

Another common pitfall is the register mismatch. Because علی‌رغم این is quite formal, using it in a very casual text message to a close friend might sound overly dramatic or 'bookish' (کتابی). For instance, if you're telling a friend you're coming to their party even though you're tired, saying 'خسته‌ام؛ علی‌رغم این می‌آیم' sounds like you're reading from a 19th-century novel. In that context, a native speaker would simply say 'خسته‌ام ولی میام' (I'm tired but I'm coming) or 'با این حال میام' (Even so, I'm coming). Understanding when not to use it is just as important as knowing how to use it.

اشتباه: «او مریض بود. علی‌رغم، به مدرسه رفت.» (ناقص)
درست: «او مریض بود؛ علی‌رغم این، به مدرسه رفت.»
(Wrong: "He was sick. Despite, went to school." - Correct: "He was sick; despite this, he went to school.")

Learners also sometimes struggle with the placement of the phrase. While in English 'despite this' can occasionally appear at the end of a sentence ('He went anyway, despite this'), in Persian, علی‌رغم این almost always precedes the clause it modifies. Placing it at the very end of a sentence is very rare and usually grammatically incorrect in standard Persian. It should serve as the introductory signal for the surprising fact that follows.

اشتباه: «علی‌رغم این که باران می‌بارید...» (استفاده نادرست از این)
درست: «علی‌رغمِ این‌که باران می‌بارید...»
(Note: When followed by 'که' to mean 'despite the fact that', the 'این' becomes part of a different conjunction 'علی‌رغمِ این‌که'.)

Confusion with 'با این وجود'
While often interchangeable, 'با این وجود' is slightly more common in general formal speech, whereas 'علی‌رغم این' is preferred in legal or highly academic contexts to show strong defiance of a condition.

Lastly, be careful with the word 'این'. Some learners try to use 'آن' (that) to say 'علی‌رغم آن' (despite that). While 'علی‌رغم آن' is grammatically possible, 'علی‌رغم این' is the standard, fixed idiomatic expression used for transitions in Persian, regardless of how far back the referenced idea is. Stick to 'این' to sound more like a native speaker.

Persian is rich with contrastive connectors. Understanding the subtle differences between علی‌رغم این and its alternatives will elevate your fluency. The most direct synonym is با این وجود (ba in vojud), which literally means 'with this existence/presence.' It is almost perfectly interchangeable with 'علی‌رغم این' but is slightly less formal. If 'علی‌رغم این' is a 9/10 on the formality scale, 'با این وجود' is about a 7/10. Another very common alternative is با این حال (ba in hal), meaning 'with this state' or 'nonetheless.' This is the go-to phrase for everyday formal speech and polite conversation.

Comparison: علی‌رغم این vs. با این حال
'علی‌رغم این' focuses on the obstacle being ignored, while 'با این حال' focus on the current state of affairs continuing despite a change. 'با این حال' is much more common in spoken Persian.

For those looking for even more formal or literary options, consider مع‌ذلک (ma'azalek). This is a purely Arabic loan-phrase that means 'nevertheless.' It is rarely heard in speech today but is very common in classical literature and older legal documents. If you use 'مع‌ذلک' in a modern conversation, you will sound extremely old-fashioned or like a scholar of classical texts. On the other hand, با این همه (ba in hame), meaning 'with all this,' is a beautiful and very Persian way to express the same sentiment. It suggests that despite 'all' the factors mentioned, the result is different.

او ثروتمند است؛ با این همه، زندگی ساده‌ای دارد.
(He is wealthy; with all this (despite this), he has a simple life.)

If you want to introduce a contrast within the same sentence rather than starting a new one, you would use علیرغمِ این‌که (ali-raghm-e in-ke), which means 'despite the fact that.' This is followed by a clause. For example: 'Despite the fact that it was late, he stayed.' (علیرغم این‌که دیر بود، او ماند). This is a vital distinction. 'علی‌رغم این' is a transition between sentences; 'علیرغم این‌که' is a conjunction within a sentence. Mastering both allows you to vary your sentence structure and avoid sounding repetitive.

تلاش زیادی کردیم؛ با این وجود، شکست خوردیم.
(We tried a lot; nevertheless, we failed.)

Other Minor Synonyms
'من‌حیث‌المجموع' (on the whole/nevertheless in some contexts) and 'در عین حال' (at the same time/however) can sometimes serve similar rhetorical functions depending on the context.

In summary, while 'علی‌رغم این' is your 'heavy-duty' formal connector, you have a whole toolkit of alternatives. Use 'با این حال' for general conversation, 'با این وجود' for standard formal writing, and 'با این همه' for a more poetic or comprehensive contrast. By choosing the right word for the right context, you demonstrate a deep sensitivity to the 'social grammar' of Persian, which is just as important as the rules of the language itself.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The root R-Gh-M (رغم) in Arabic is shared with words meaning 'to force' or 'to coerce.' When you use 'ali-raghm,' you are literally saying something is happening 'against the nose' of the obstacle!

Pronunciation Guide

UK /æli ræɢme in/
US /æli ræɢme in/
The stress is primarily on the second syllable of 'ali' and the 'in' at the end of the phrase.
Rhymes With
در این (dar in) بر این (bar in) جز این (joz in) همین (hamin) زمین (zamin) آمین (amin) نگین (negin) آذین (azin)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing it as 'Ali-raghm in' (missing the Ezafe 'e').
  • Pronouncing 'gh' as a hard English 'g' (like in 'gold').
  • Stressing the 'Ali' too much like a proper name.
  • Merging 'raghm' and 'in' into one word 'raghmin'.
  • Omiting the 'Ayn' sound at the beginning of 'Ali'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 4/5

Easy to recognize in texts once the root 'raghm' is known.

Writing 7/5

Requires correct punctuation and understanding of sentence flow.

Speaking 8/5

The 'gh' sound and the Ezafe connection can be tricky for English speakers.

Listening 5/5

Distinctive sound, usually clear in formal broadcasts.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

اما ولی این با وجود

Learn Next

مع‌ذلک بنابراین در نتیجه علیرغم این‌که من‌حیث‌المجموع

Advanced

علی‌الرغم علیرغمِ میلِ باطنی با این اوصاف فی‌الواقع معهذا

Grammar to Know

Ezafe Construction

علی‌رغمِ این (The 'e' sound connecting the preposition to the pronoun).

Conjunctive Adverbs

Using 'علی‌رغم این' to start a new independent clause.

Arabic Loanwords in Persian

How 'raghm' retains its Arabic spelling but follows Persian syntax.

Punctuation in Formal Persian

Placing a semicolon (؛) before the transition phrase.

Demonstrative Pronouns as Antecedents

How 'این' refers back to the entire previous sentence.

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Examples by Level

1

هوا سرد است. علی‌رغم این، من بیرون می‌روم.

The weather is cold. Despite this, I am going out.

Short sentences are best for A1. Notice the full stop before the phrase.

2

او خسته بود. علی‌رغم این، کتاب خواند.

He was tired. Despite this, he read a book.

Simple past tense verbs (بود, خواند) are used here.

3

غذا تند بود. علی‌رغم این، علی آن را خورد.

The food was spicy. Despite this, Ali ate it.

'آن را' refers to the food.

4

من پول ندارم. علی‌رغم این، خوشحالم.

I don't have money. Despite this, I am happy.

A1 contrast between a negative situation and a positive feeling.

5

راه دور است. علی‌رغم این، ما پیاده می‌رویم.

The way is far. Despite this, we are going on foot.

'پیاده رفتن' means to go on foot/walk.

6

درس سخت بود. علی‌رغم این، من یاد گرفتم.

The lesson was hard. Despite this, I learned.

Compound verb 'یاد گرفتن' (to learn).

7

او مریض است. علی‌رغم این، کار می‌کند.

He is sick. Despite this, he is working.

Present continuous sense 'کار می‌کند'.

8

باران می‌بارد. علی‌رغم این، بازی می‌کنیم.

It is raining. Despite this, we are playing.

Simple present/future usage.

1

امتحان خیلی دشوار بود؛ علی‌رغم این، همه قبول شدند.

The exam was very difficult; despite this, everyone passed.

Use of semicolon (؛) for better flow.

2

او وقت زیادی نداشت؛ علی‌رغم این، به من کمک کرد.

He didn't have much time; despite this, he helped me.

A2 level compound sentence structure.

3

ماشین قدیمی است؛ علی‌رغم این، خیلی سریع می‌رود.

The car is old; despite this, it goes very fast.

Contrast between age and performance.

4

او در ایران زندگی نمی‌کند؛ علی‌رغم این، فارسی را خوب بلد است.

He doesn't live in Iran; despite this, he knows Persian well.

'بلد بودن' is a common A2 expression for knowing a skill.

5

هوا تاریک بود؛ علی‌رغم این، ما راه را پیدا کردیم.

The air (it) was dark; despite this, we found the way.

Finding a way (راه را پیدا کردن).

6

بلیت‌ها گران بودند؛ علی‌رغم این، مردم زیادی آمدند.

The tickets were expensive; despite this, many people came.

Plural subject 'بلیت‌ها' and 'مردم'.

7

او خجالتی است؛ علی‌رغم این، در جمع سخنرانی کرد.

He is shy; despite this, he gave a speech in public.

'سخنرانی کردن' (to give a speech).

8

خانه کوچک است؛ علی‌رغم این، خیلی راحت و گرم است.

The house is small; despite this, it is very comfortable and warm.

Adjectives 'راحت' (comfortable) and 'گرم' (warm).

1

تکنولوژی زندگی را آسان کرده است؛ علی‌رغم این، مشکلات جدیدی ایجاد نموده است.

Technology has made life easy; despite this, it has created new problems.

Formal verb 'ایجاد نمودن' instead of 'کردن'.

2

رشد اقتصادی کاهش یافته است؛ علی‌رغم این، نرخ اشتغال ثابت مانده است.

Economic growth has decreased; despite this, the employment rate has remained stable.

Economic vocabulary: 'رشد اقتصادی', 'نرخ اشتغال'.

3

پروژه با تأخیر مواجه شد؛ علی‌رغم این، کیفیت نهایی بسیار بالا بود.

The project faced a delay; despite this, the final quality was very high.

'با تأخیر مواجه شدن' (to face a delay).

4

او در فقر بزرگ شد؛ علی‌رغم این، به یکی از بزرگ‌ترین دانشمندان تبدیل گشت.

He grew up in poverty; despite this, he became one of the greatest scientists.

Formal verb 'گردیدن/گشتن' (to become).

5

دولت قوانین سختی وضع کرد؛ علی‌رغم این، مردم به اعتراضات خود ادامه دادند.

The government enacted strict laws; despite this, the people continued their protests.

'وضع کردن' (to enact/legislate).

6

فضای مجازی فواید زیادی دارد؛ علی‌رغم این، می‌تواند اعتیادآور باشد.

Virtual space (Social media) has many benefits; despite this, it can be addictive.

'اعتیادآور' (addictive).

7

او تمام شواهد را دید؛ علی‌رغم این، حقیقت را باور نکرد.

He saw all the evidence; despite this, he did not believe the truth.

'شواهد' (evidence - plural of شاهد).

8

منابع طبیعی محدود هستند؛ علی‌رغم این، مصرف بی‌رویه همچنان ادامه دارد.

Natural resources are limited; despite this, excessive consumption still continues.

'مصرف بی‌رویه' (excessive/uncontrolled consumption).

1

شواهد علمی نشان‌دهنده تغییرات اقلیمی هستند؛ علی‌رغم این، برخی سیاستمداران آن را انکار می‌کنند.

Scientific evidence indicates climate change; despite this, some politicians deny it.

B2 academic context: 'نشان‌دهنده', 'تغییرات اقلیمی', 'انکار کردن'.

2

سرمایه‌گذاری در این بخش ریسک بالایی دارد؛ علی‌رغم این، سود احتمالی آن بسیار وسوسه‌انگیز است.

Investing in this sector has a high risk; despite this, its potential profit is very tempting.

'وسوسه‌انگیز' (tempting/alluring).

3

تیم مذاکره‌کننده با بن‌بست روبرو شد؛ علی‌رغم این، تلاش‌ها برای رسیدن به توافق متوقف نگردید.

The negotiating team faced a deadlock; despite this, efforts to reach an agreement did not stop.

'بن‌بست' (deadlock/impasse).

4

دارو عوارض جانبی شدیدی داشت؛ علی‌رغم این، برای درمان بیماری ضروری تشخیص داده شد.

The drug had severe side effects; despite this, it was diagnosed as necessary for treating the disease.

'عوارض جانبی' (side effects).

5

سیستم آموزشی نیاز به اصلاحات بنیادین دارد؛ علی‌رغم این، تغییرات اعمال شده بسیار جزئی بوده‌اند.

The educational system needs fundamental reforms; despite this, the implemented changes have been very minor.

'اصلاحات بنیادین' (fundamental reforms).

6

نویسنده از سبک کلاسیک پیروی می‌کند؛ علی‌رغم این، مضامین داستان‌های او کاملاً مدرن هستند.

The writer follows a classic style; despite this, the themes of his stories are completely modern.

'مضامین' (themes - plural of مضمون).

7

آلودگی صوتی در شهر افزایش یافته است؛ علی‌رغم این، تمایل مردم به زندگی در مرکز شهر کم نشده است.

Noise pollution in the city has increased; despite this, people's desire to live in the city center has not decreased.

'آلودگی صوتی' (noise pollution).

8

بودجه‌ی هنری کاهش چشمگیری داشت؛ علی‌رغم این، جشنواره با شکوه هرچه تمام‌تر برگزار شد.

The arts budget had a significant decrease; despite this, the festival was held with as much glory as possible.

'کاهش چشمگیر' (significant/noticeable decrease).

1

بسیاری از منتقدان بر این باورند که این نظریه منسوخ شده است؛ علی‌رغم این، هنوز در برخی محافل علمی تدریس می‌شود.

Many critics believe that this theory is obsolete; despite this, it is still taught in some scientific circles.

C1 structure: 'بر این باورند که' (believe that).

2

ساختار سیاسی کشور به شدت متصلب است؛ علی‌رغم این، جوانان به دنبال راه‌هایی برای ایجاد تغییرات تدریجی هستند.

The country's political structure is highly rigid; despite this, youth are looking for ways to create gradual changes.

'متصلب' (rigid/ossified).

3

داده‌های آماری حاکی از بهبود وضعیت معیشتی نیستند؛ علی‌رغم این، گزارش‌های دولتی تصویری خوش‌بینانه ارائه می‌دهند.

Statistical data do not indicate an improvement in living conditions; despite this, government reports present an optimistic picture.

'حاکی بودن' (to indicate/point to).

4

روابط دیپلماتیک دو کشور در پایین‌ترین سطح خود قرار دارد؛ علی‌رغم این، همکاری‌های فرهنگی در لایه‌های زیرین جامعه ادامه دارد.

Diplomatic relations between the two countries are at their lowest level; despite this, cultural cooperation continues in the underlying layers of society.

'لایه‌های زیرین' (underlying layers).

5

نظام سرمایه‌داری با بحران‌های ادواری روبروست؛ علی‌رغم این، هنوز به عنوان الگوی غالب اقتصادی در جهان شناخته می‌شود.

The capitalist system faces periodic crises; despite this, it is still recognized as the dominant economic model in the world.

'بحران‌های ادواری' (periodic/cyclical crises).

6

فیلسوف در آثار متأخر خود به پوچ‌گرایی متمایل شده است؛ علی‌رغم این، تلاش برای یافتن معنا در زندگی را بیهوده نمی‌داند.

In his later works, the philosopher has leaned toward nihilism; despite this, he does not consider the effort to find meaning in life futile.

'آثار متأخر' (later works).

7

تکنولوژی هوش مصنوعی تهدیدی برای برخی مشاغل محسوب می‌شود؛ علی‌رغم این، پتانسیل بالایی برای حل معضلات پیچیده بشری دارد.

AI technology is considered a threat to some jobs; despite this, it has high potential for solving complex human problems.

'معضلات پیچیده' (complex dilemmas/problems).

8

زبان‌های بومی در خطر انقراض هستند؛ علی‌رغم این، تلاش‌های جهانی برای مستندسازی آن‌ها افزایش یافته است.

Indigenous languages are in danger of extinction; despite this, global efforts to document them have increased.

'در خطر انقراض' (in danger of extinction).

1

پارادایم‌های حاکم بر علوم انسانی همواره در حال دگرگونی هستند؛ علی‌رغم این، برخی اصول اخلاقی بنیادین همچنان لایتغیر باقی مانده‌اند.

The dominant paradigms in the humanities are constantly changing; despite this, some fundamental ethical principles have remained immutable.

C2 vocabulary: 'پارادایم', 'دگرگونی', 'لایتغیر' (immutable).

2

پیچیدگی‌های بوروکراتیک مانع از اجرای سریع طرح‌های عمرانی می‌شود؛ علی‌رغم این، اراده‌ی سیاسی برای اتمام این پروژه‌ها جدی به نظر می‌رسد.

Bureaucratic complexities prevent the rapid implementation of development plans; despite this, the political will to finish these projects seems serious.

'طرح‌های عمرانی' (development/construction plans).

3

نظریه‌ی نسبیت عام اینشتین با مکانیک کوانتومی در تضاد است؛ علی‌رغم این، هر دو در قلمروهای خاص خود با دقت شگفت‌آوری عمل می‌کنند.

Einstein's general relativity theory is in conflict with quantum mechanics; despite this, both operate with amazing precision in their specific domains.

'در تضاد بودن' (to be in conflict/contradiction).

4

هنر مدرن غالباً به ابهام و انتزاع گرایش دارد؛ علی‌رغم این، قدرت عجیبی در برانگیختن عواطف عمیق انسانی در مخاطب دارد.

Modern art often tends toward ambiguity and abstraction; despite this, it has a strange power to evoke deep human emotions in the audience.

'برانگیختن عواطف' (evoking emotions).

5

تنوع فرهنگی در جوامع مدرن گاه به تنش‌های اجتماعی منجر می‌شود؛ علی‌رغم این، غنای فرهنگی حاصل از آن غیرقابل انکار است.

Cultural diversity in modern societies sometimes leads to social tensions; despite this, the resulting cultural richness is undeniable.

'غنای فرهنگی' (cultural richness).

6

شعر حافظ در لایه‌های مختلف معنایی غوطه‌ور است؛ علی‌رغم این، سادگی و روانی زبان او هر خواننده‌ای را مجذوب می‌کند.

Hafez's poetry is immersed in various layers of meaning; despite this, the simplicity and fluency of his language fascinate every reader.

'غوطه‌ور بودن' (to be immersed).

7

جهانی‌سازی منجر به یکسان‌سازی فرهنگی شده است؛ علی‌رغم این، جنبش‌های محلی برای حفظ هویت‌های بومی قدرت گرفته‌اند.

Globalization has led to cultural homogenization; despite this, local movements to preserve indigenous identities have gained power.

'یکسان‌سازی' (homogenization/standardization).

8

محدودیت‌های فیزیکی مغز انسان غیرقابل انکار است؛ علی‌رغم این، تخیل بشری مرزهای شناخته شده را درمی‌نوردد.

The physical limitations of the human brain are undeniable; despite this, human imagination traverses known boundaries.

'درنوردیدن' (to traverse/cross - literary).

Synonyms

با این وجود با این حال با این همه مع‌ذلک در عین حال علیرغمِ این‌که من‌حیث‌المجموع با وجودِ این

Antonyms

بنابراین در نتیجه لذا پس

Common Collocations

اما علی‌رغم این
ولی علی‌رغم این
درست علی‌رغم این
دقیقاً علی‌رغم این
حتی علی‌رغم این
شاید علی‌رغم این
گویا علی‌رغم این
صرفاً علی‌رغم این
متأسفانه علی‌رغم این
خوشبختانه علی‌رغم این

Common Phrases

علی‌رغم این همه مشکلات

— Despite all these problems. Used to emphasize the quantity of obstacles.

علی‌رغم این همه مشکلات، او هنوز لبخند می‌زند.

علی‌رغم این واقعیت که

— Despite this fact that... Used to introduce a specific factual clause.

علی‌رغم این واقعیت که او فقیر است، بسیار بخشنده است.

علی‌رغم این تفاوت‌ها

— Despite these differences. Used in discussions about diversity or disagreement.

علی‌رغم این تفاوت‌ها، ما با هم دوست هستیم.

علی‌رغم این شرایط سخت

— Despite these difficult conditions. Common in news and reports.

علی‌رغم این شرایط سخت، اقتصاد در حال رشد است.

علی‌رغم این ادعا

— Despite this claim. Used to debunk or challenge someone's statement.

علی‌رغم این ادعا، هیچ مدرکی پیدا نشد.

علی‌رغم این موفقیت

— Despite this success. Used when a success brings unexpected downsides.

علی‌رغم این موفقیت، او احساس تنهایی می‌کرد.

علی‌رغم این محدودیت‌ها

— Despite these limitations. Often used in technical or legal contexts.

علی‌رغم این محدودیت‌ها، نرم‌افزار عالی کار می‌کند.

علی‌رغم این پیشرفت‌ها

— Despite these advancements. Used when progress hasn't solved a core issue.

علی‌رغم این پیشرفت‌ها، فقر هنوز وجود دارد.

علی‌رغم این فشارها

— Despite these pressures. Common in political or psychological contexts.

او علی‌رغم این فشارها، استعفا نداد.

علی‌رغم این مخالفت‌ها

— Despite these oppositions. Used when a plan proceeds against the will of others.

طرح علی‌رغم این مخالفت‌ها، تصویب شد.

Often Confused With

علی‌رغم این vs علی‌رغمِ

This is just the preposition and must be followed by a noun, whereas 'علی‌رغم این' is the full transition.

علی‌رغم این vs با این وجود

Very similar, but 'با این وجود' is slightly more common in general speech.

علی‌رغم این vs اگرچه

Means 'although'. It introduces a subordinate clause, while 'علی‌رغم این' connects independent thoughts.

Idioms & Expressions

"علی‌رغمِ میلِ باطنی"

— Against one's inner will. Doing something you don't want to do.

او علی‌رغم میل باطنی‌اش، آنجا را ترک کرد.

Formal
"علی‌رغمِ تمامِ ناملایمات"

— Despite all the hardships/unpleasantries.

او علی‌رغم تمام ناملایمات، به هدفش رسید.

Literary
"علی‌رغمِ بینیِ کسی"

— Literally 'against someone's nose', meaning to spite someone (Archaic).

این کار را علی‌رغم بینی دشمنان انجام داد.

Archaic
"علی‌رغمِ انتظار"

— Against expectations; surprisingly.

علی‌رغم انتظار، او در مسابقه اول شد.

Neutral
"علی‌رغمِ موانعِ موجود"

— Despite the existing obstacles.

علی‌رغم موانع موجود، پروژه پیشرفت کرد.

Formal
"علی‌رغمِ هشدارهایِ قبلی"

— Despite previous warnings.

او علی‌رغم هشدارهای قبلی، به آنجا رفت.

Formal
"علی‌رغمِ تلاش‌هایِ بی‌وقفه"

— Despite relentless efforts.

علی‌رغم تلاش‌های بی‌وقفه، نتیجه‌ای حاصل نشد.

Formal
"علی‌رغمِ کمبودِ امکانات"

— Despite the lack of facilities/resources.

آن‌ها علی‌رغم کمبود امکانات، موفق شدند.

Formal
"علی‌رغمِ دوریِ راه"

— Despite the long distance.

علی‌رغم دوری راه، هر هفته به دیدن مادرش می‌رود.

Neutral
"علی‌رغمِ مخالفت‌هایِ شدید"

— Despite strong oppositions.

قانون علی‌رغم مخالفت‌های شدید، اجرا شد.

Formal

Easily Confused

علی‌رغم این vs با این حال

Both mean 'nevertheless'.

'با این حال' is more casual and refers to the 'state' (hal), while 'علی‌رغم این' is formal and refers to 'spite/will' (raghm).

هوا بد است؛ با این حال می‌روم. (Casual) vs. هوا طوفانی است؛ علی‌رغم این، می‌روم. (Formal)

علی‌رغم این vs بنابراین

Both are transitions.

'بنابراین' shows result (therefore), while 'علی‌رغم این' shows contrast (despite this).

باران آمد؛ بنابراین خیس شدیم. vs. باران آمد؛ علی‌رغم این، خیس نشدیم.

علی‌رغم این vs علیرغم این‌که

They look almost identical.

'علیرغم این‌که' is a conjunction used within a sentence. 'علی‌رغم این' is a transition between sentences.

علیرغم این‌که پیر است، می‌دود. vs. او پیر است؛ علی‌رغم این، می‌دود.

علی‌رغم این vs با وجودِ

Both mean 'despite'.

'با وجودِ' is more Persian-sounding, 'علی‌رغم' is more Arabic-sounding. They are mostly interchangeable but 'علی‌رغم' is stronger.

با وجودِ مشکلات... vs. علی‌رغمِ مشکلات...

علی‌رغم این vs من‌حیث‌المجموع

Both are formal transitions.

'من‌حیث‌المجموع' means 'overall/all in all', while 'علی‌رغم این' means 'despite this specific thing'.

اشکالاتی بود؛ من‌حیث‌المجموع خوب بود.

Sentence Patterns

A1

[A] بود. علی‌رغم این، [B] شد.

سرد بود. علی‌رغم این، رفتم.

A2

[A]؛ علی‌رغم این، [B].

خسته بودم؛ علی‌رغم این، درس خواندم.

B1

اگرچه [A]، اما علی‌رغم این، [B].

اگرچه پول کم بود، اما علی‌رغم این، سفر کردیم.

B2

با این که [A] به نظر می‌رسد، علی‌رغم این، [B].

با این که طرح خوب به نظر می‌رسد، علی‌رغم این، مشکلاتی دارد.

C1

شواهد حاکی از [A] است؛ علی‌رغم این، [B] همچنان ادامه دارد.

شواهد حاکی از شکست است؛ علی‌رغم این، تلاش‌ها ادامه دارد.

C2

علی‌رغم این واقعیت که [A]، نمی‌توان از [B] چشم‌پوشی کرد.

علی‌رغم این واقعیت که او خطاکار است، نمی‌توان از خدماتش چشم‌پوشی کرد.

B2

علیرغم این همه [Noun]، [B].

علیرغم این همه تبلیغات، فروش کم بود.

B1

او [Verb]؛ علی‌رغم این، [Verb].

او باخت؛ علی‌رغم این، ناامید نشد.

Word Family

Nouns

رغم (raghm) - spite/will
مخالفت (mokhalefat) - opposition

Verbs

رغم زدن (raghm zadan) - to spite (archaic)
مخالفت کردن (mokhalefat kardan) - to oppose

Adjectives

علیرغمانه (ali-raghmane) - in a despiteful/defiant manner (rare)

Related

با وجود
با این حال
با این همه
اگرچه
با این که
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How to Use It

frequency

High in written media, moderate in formal speech.

Common Mistakes
  • Using 'علی‌رغم این' as 'despite this...' followed by a noun. → علی‌رغمِ این باران (Wrong) -> علی‌رغمِ باران (Correct) or با وجودِ این باران (Correct).

    If you are pointing to a specific noun immediately after, you don't need the 'این' unless you are specifically saying 'despite THIS (specific) rain'. Usually, 'علی‌رغمِ' + Noun is the standard.

  • Omiting the 'e' (Ezafe) in speech. → Ali-raghm-e in.

    Many learners say 'Ali-raghm in', but the 'e' is essential for the grammatical connection between the preposition and the pronoun.

  • Using it in very casual text messages. → Using 'ولی' or 'با این حال' instead.

    Using 'علی‌رغم این' with friends can make you sound like you are giving a formal lecture. It's better to match the register of your conversation.

  • Confusing it with 'بنابراین' (therefore). → Using 'علی‌رغم این' for contrast, 'بنابراین' for results.

    Some learners mix up their transition words. Remember: 'Ali-raghm' = Surprise/Contrast. 'Banabar-in' = Logic/Result.

  • Placing it at the end of the sentence. → Placing it at the beginning of the second clause.

    In English, we can say 'He went, despite this.' In Persian, you must say '...؛ علی‌رغم این، او رفت.'

Tips

Don't forget the Ezafe

Always pronounce the short 'e' sound at the end of 'raghm'. It's what connects the word to 'in'. Without it, the phrase is grammatically broken.

Use for Strong Contrast

Save 'علی‌رغم این' for moments when the contrast is significant. If it's just a small 'but', use 'اما' instead.

Synonym Swap

If you've already used 'علی‌رغم این' once in a paragraph, switch to 'با این وجود' for the next contrast to show off your vocabulary range.

Soft 'Gh'

Make sure your 'gh' sound is soft and friction-based, not a hard stop like 'g'. This is a key marker of a good Persian accent.

Punctuation Matters

Always put a semicolon (؛) before 'علی‌رغم این' when connecting two independent sentences. It helps the reader breathe and prepare for the contrast.

Look for the Ayn

When reading, look for the 'ع' at the start. It helps you quickly identify Arabic loanwords which are often formal connectors.

Listen to News

BBC Persian or Iran International are great places to hear this phrase used in its natural habitat (formal reporting).

Formal Debates

If you are practicing for a Persian proficiency exam, use this phrase to introduce your counter-arguments. It will impress the examiners.

Check the Antecedent

Make sure 'این' (this) clearly refers to the previous sentence. If the previous sentence is too vague, the 'despite this' won't make sense.

Professionalism

Use this phrase in job interviews or business meetings to sound more authoritative and composed.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of the name 'Ali' and the word 'Raghm' (which sounds like 'wrong'). 'Ali says this is wrong, but despite this, he does it.'

Visual Association

Imagine a person pushing against a giant brick wall but still walking forward. The wall is the 'raghm' (obstacle) and the walking is the 'ali-raghm in'.

Word Web

Despite Nevertheless However Formal Contrast Arabic root Ezafe Transition

Challenge

Try to write three sentences about your day using 'علی‌رغم این'. For example: 'I was busy; despite this, I called my mom.'

Word Origin

The phrase is a hybrid of Arabic and Persian. 'Ali-raghm' comes from the Arabic preposition 'ala' (on/against) and the noun 'raghm' (dust/spite).

Original meaning: The original Arabic sense of 'raghm' relates to forcing someone's nose into the dust, symbolizing humiliation or doing something against their will.

Semitic (Arabic) root integrated into Indo-European (Persian) syntax.

Cultural Context

There are no specific sensitivities, but using it in very casual settings might make you seem stuck-up or 'majlesi' (too formal).

It is exactly like the shift from 'but' to 'nevertheless' in an English university essay.

Used frequently in the speeches of Iranian politicians to explain policy shifts. Commonly found in the translations of Western philosophical works into Persian (e.g., Kant or Hegel). Heard in the introductory segments of 'Radio Javan' news bulletins.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

News and Journalism

  • علی‌رغم این بحران
  • علی‌رغم این تحریم‌ها
  • علی‌رغم این مخالفت‌ها
  • علی‌رغم این بیانیه

Academic Writing

  • علی‌رغم این یافته‌ها
  • علی‌رغم این تضاد نظری
  • علی‌رغم این داده‌ها
  • علی‌رغم این پیش‌فرض

Legal/Business

  • علی‌رغم این قرارداد
  • علی‌رغم این بند قانونی
  • علی‌رغم این ضرر مالی
  • علی‌رغم این توافق

Personal Narratives

  • علی‌رغم این خستگی
  • علی‌رغم این دوری
  • علی‌رغم این ترس
  • علی‌رغم این شک

Social Discussions

  • علی‌رغم این سنت‌ها
  • علی‌رغم این فشار اجتماعی
  • علی‌رغم این تغییرات
  • علی‌رغم این باورها

Conversation Starters

"آیا تا به حال شده علی‌رغم این که خسته بودید، تمام شب را بیدار بمانید؟"

"علی‌رغم این همه پیشرفت تکنولوژی، چرا هنوز مردم خوشحال نیستند؟"

"کدام کار را علی‌رغم این که سخت بود، با موفقیت انجام دادید؟"

"علی‌رغم این که فارسی زبان سختی است، چرا آن را انتخاب کردید؟"

"آیا علی‌رغم این که هوا بارانی است، دوست دارید به پیاده‌روی برویم؟"

Journal Prompts

درباره زمانی بنویسید که علی‌رغم این که همه با شما مخالف بودند، روی حرفتان ایستادید.

یک گزارش کوتاه درباره وضعیت اقتصادی بنویسید و از 'علی‌رغم این' استفاده کنید.

توصیف کنید که چگونه علی‌رغم این که در یک شهر شلوغ زندگی می‌کنید، آرامش خود را حفظ می‌کنید.

درباره یک شخصیت تاریخی بنویسید که علی‌رغم این که با مشکلات زیادی روبرو بود، پیروز شد.

تحلیلی بنویسید درباره اینکه چرا علی‌رغم این که اینترنت اطلاعات را زیاد کرده، شایعات هنوز وجود دارند.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

While it is more common in writing, you will hear it in formal speeches, news broadcasts, and serious debates. In casual daily speech, people usually prefer 'با این حال' or 'ولی'.

'علی‌الرغم' includes the Arabic definite article 'al'. Some consider it more formal or traditional, but 'علی‌رغم' is the standard modern usage. Both are correct, but 'علی‌رغم' is more common today.

Yes, if the previous paragraph established a situation that you are now contrasting. It is a very effective way to link two paragraphs in an essay.

In formal writing, a semicolon (؛) or a full stop (.) is highly recommended. Using a simple comma (،) can make the sentence structure weak and confusing.

Not really. You can use 'با این حال' which is slightly shorter to say, but 'علی‌رغم این' is a fixed unit.

Yes, 'علی‌رغم آن' (despite that) is grammatically correct and used when referring to something further away in the text, but 'علی‌رغم این' is the more standard idiomatic transition.

No, 'علی‌رغم' is a preposition itself. You don't say 'به علی‌رغم'. Just say 'علی‌رغمِ...' followed by the noun.

It is a uvular fricative, similar to the French 'r' or the Dutch 'g'. It's a vibrating sound made in the back of the throat. It should not sound like a 'k'.

Absolutely. It is very appropriate for professional correspondence. It shows you are respectful and articulate.

The root is the Arabic R-Gh-M (رغم), which originally meant 'to soil with dust'. It evolved to mean 'spite' or 'against the will'.

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writing

یک جمله بنویسید که در آن از 'علی‌رغم این' برای نشان دادن تضاد بین خستگی و مطالعه استفاده شده باشد.

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writing

جمله‌ای بنویسید که در آن 'علی‌رغم این' بعد از توصیف هوای طوفانی بیاید.

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writing

با استفاده از 'علی‌رغم این'، دو جمله درباره یادگیری زبان فارسی بنویسید.

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writing

یک جمله خبری کوتاه بنویسید که در آن از 'علی‌رغم این' استفاده شده باشد.

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writing

جمله‌ای بنویسید که در آن شخصی علی‌رغم مخالفت دیگران کاری را انجام می‌دهد.

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writing

با استفاده از 'علی‌رغم این'، جمله‌ای درباره ورزش کردن در زمان بیماری بنویسید.

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writing

یک جمله درباره قیمت بالای اجناس و خرید مردم با 'علی‌رغم این' بنویسید.

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writing

جمله‌ای بنویسید که در آن 'علی‌رغم این' نشان‌دهنده موفقیت یک تیم ضعیف باشد.

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writing

درباره ترافیک سنگین و رسیدن به موقع به مقصد یک جمله بنویسید.

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writing

جمله‌ای بنویسید که در آن 'علی‌رغم این' بعد از 'اما' بیاید.

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writing

یک جمله درباره تکنولوژی و تنهایی انسان با این عبارت بنویسید.

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writing

جمله‌ای درباره یک پیرمرد فعال با 'علی‌رغم این' بنویسید.

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writing

درباره یک غذای تند که خوشمزه است با این عبارت بنویسید.

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writing

جمله‌ای درباره امتحان سخت و قبولی دانش‌آموزان بنویسید.

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writing

یک جمله درباره تضاد بین فقر و بخشندگی بنویسید.

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writing

درباره یک فیلم طولانی که خسته‌کننده نیست بنویسید.

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writing

جمله‌ای درباره یک شهر شلوغ و در عین حال زیبا بنویسید.

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writing

درباره یک راز که فاش شده است بنویسید.

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writing

جمله‌ای درباره کمبود وقت و انجام دادن یک کار مهم بنویسید.

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writing

یک جمله درباره تضاد بین ظاهر و باطن یک نفر بنویسید.

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speaking

توضیح دهید که چرا علی‌رغم ترافیک سنگین، هنوز بسیاری از مردم از ماشین شخصی استفاده می‌کنند؟

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speaking

درباره تجربه‌ای صحبت کنید که در آن علی‌رغم سختی کار، موفق شدید.

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speaking

آیا علی‌رغم پیشرفت تکنولوژی، کتاب‌های کاغذی هنوز محبوب هستند؟ چرا؟

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speaking

چگونه می‌توان علی‌رغم داشتن مشغله زیاد، زبان جدید یاد گرفت؟

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speaking

یک خبر کوتاه فرضی بگویید که در آن از 'علی‌رغم این' استفاده شده باشد.

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speaking

درباره تضاد بین رژیم غذایی و علاقه به شیرینی صحبت کنید.

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speaking

آیا علی‌رغم خطرات کوهنوردی، باز هم دوست دارید به قله بروید؟

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speaking

نظر شما درباره کار کردن در شب چیست؟

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speaking

چرا برخی افراد علی‌رغم داشتن پول زیاد، خسیس هستند؟

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speaking

درباره تضاد بین ظاهر یک شهر و واقعیت زندگی در آن صحبت کنید.

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speaking

چگونه می‌توان علی‌رغم اختلافات فکری، با دیگران دوست ماند؟

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speaking

آیا علی‌رغم وجود اینترنت، باز هم رفتن به مدرسه لازم است؟

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speaking

درباره یک فیلم که علی‌رغم نقد منفی، شما دوست داشتید صحبت کنید.

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speaking

چرا علی‌رغم هشدارهای زیست‌محیطی، مصرف پلاستیک کم نمی‌شود؟

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speaking

یک جمله با 'علی‌رغم این' درباره ورزش صبحگاهی بگویید.

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speaking

آیا علی‌رغم دوری از وطن، فرهنگ خود را حفظ کرده‌اید؟

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speaking

درباره کسی صحبت کنید که علی‌رغم ناتوانی جسمی، کارهای بزرگی انجام داده است.

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speaking

چرا علی‌رغم قیمت بالای خانه، همه دوست دارند خانه بخرند؟

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speaking

آیا علی‌رغم وجود مترو، باز هم ترافیک در شهر زیاد است؟

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speaking

درباره تضاد بین گذشته و حال در یک جمله صحبت کنید.

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'دولت اعلام کرد که بودجه سلامت را افزایش نمی‌دهد. علی‌رغم این، بیمارستان‌های جدیدی در حال ساخت هستند.' چه چیزی در حال ساخت است؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'او تمام روز را کار کرده بود. علی‌رغم این، شب به باشگاه رفت.' او شب چه کرد؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'قیمت طلا به شدت کاهش یافت. علی‌رغم این، تقاضا برای خرید زیاد نشد.' آیا تقاضا زیاد شد؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'فیلم نقد‌های ضعیفی دریافت کرد. علی‌رغم این، در گیشه فروش خوبی داشت.' فروش فیلم چگونه بود؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'او از ارتفاع می‌ترسد. علی‌رغم این، به بالای برج میلاد رفت.' او از چه چیزی می‌ترسد؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'برف سنگینی در جاده‌ها نشسته است. علی‌رغم این، اتوبوس‌ها به حرکت خود ادامه می‌دهند.' وضعیت جاده‌ها چگونه است؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'او زبان انگلیسی را به خوبی بلد نیست. علی‌رغم این، در یک شرکت بین‌المللی استخدام شد.' او در کجا استخدام شد؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'پدرش با ازدواج آن‌ها مخالف بود. علی‌رغم این، آن‌ها با هم ازدواج کردند.' آیا آن‌ها ازدواج کردند؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'او پول زیادی برای تبلیغات خرج کرد. علی‌رغم این، کسی محصول او را نخرید.' آیا تبلیغات موفق بود؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'هوا بسیار آلوده است. علی‌رغم این، مردم در پارک ورزش می‌کنند.' مردم در کجا ورزش می‌کنند؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'او به شدت مجروح شده بود. علی‌رغم این، توانست خودش را به بیمارستان برساند.' او چگونه به بیمارستان رسید؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'صدای رادیو خیلی بلند بود. علی‌رغم این، او خوابش برد.' چه چیزی بلند بود؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'او می‌دانست که وقت ندارد. علی‌رغم این، ایستاد و به پیرزن کمک کرد.' او به چه کسی کمک کرد؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'خانه بسیار کوچک و قدیمی است. علی‌رغم این، قیمت آن بسیار بالاست.' قیمت خانه چگونه است؟

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listening

گوینده می‌گوید: 'او از سگ‌ها می‌ترسد. علی‌رغم این، یک سگ کوچک خرید.' او چه چیزی خرید؟

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