استارتاپ in 30 Seconds
- A startup is a new, innovative business aiming for rapid growth.
- Often technology-focused, startups are in their early stages.
- They seek to develop scalable models and attract investment.
- The term is widely used in business and entrepreneurial contexts.
The word 'استارتاپ' (startup) is a direct loanword from English, and its meaning in Persian is identical to its English counterpart: a newly established business, especially one that is innovative and has the potential for rapid growth. It's a term that has become incredibly popular in the business world, particularly among young entrepreneurs and those involved in technology and innovation.
- Core Concept
- A startup is characterized by its novelty, ambition for scale, and often, its disruptive nature within an existing market or by creating a new one.
- Key Features
- Startups are typically in their early stages, seeking to prove their business model, acquire customers, and often, secure funding from investors. They are not just small businesses; they are businesses designed to grow exponentially.
The world of technology is full of exciting new استارتاپs.
You'll hear this word used in contexts related to innovation, entrepreneurship, venture capital, and the tech industry. It signifies a dynamic and forward-thinking approach to business. When someone mentions they are working on an 'استارتاپ', it implies they are part of a new venture that aims to make a significant impact.
Many young Iranians are interested in founding their own استارتاپ.
- Usage Scenarios
- Discussions about new business ideas, funding rounds, technological advancements, and the entrepreneurial ecosystem are prime environments for encountering the term 'استارتاپ'. It's also common in news articles and business journals focusing on innovation and the economy.
In essence, 'استارتاپ' embodies the spirit of innovation, risk-taking, and ambition that defines the contemporary business landscape. It's a word that signals dynamism and the pursuit of groundbreaking ideas.
Using 'استارتاپ' correctly in sentences helps convey your understanding of modern business and technology. Since it's a noun, it functions as the subject, object, or complement in a sentence. Its modern and dynamic nature means it's often paired with verbs and adjectives that reflect innovation, growth, and investment.
- Basic Structure
- Subject + Verb + 'استارتاپ' (or) 'استارتاپ' + Verb + Object.
این یک استارتاپ موفق است.
Translation: This is a successful startup.
- Expressing Ideas
- You can talk about founding, running, investing in, or developing a startup.
آنها در حال راهاندازی یک استارتاپ جدید هستند.
Translation: They are launching a new startup.
- Describing Characteristics
- Use adjectives to describe the nature of the startup.
این استارتاپ نوآورانه است.
Translation: This startup is innovative.
- Investment Context
- Talking about funding and investment is common.
سرمایهگذاران به این استارتاپ علاقهمند شدند.
Translation: Investors became interested in this startup.
- Describing Growth
- Highlighting the growth trajectory is key.
این استارتاپ به سرعت در حال رشد است.
Translation: This startup is growing rapidly.
The term 'استارتاپ' is ubiquitous in contemporary Persian, particularly in environments focused on innovation, technology, and entrepreneurship. You'll frequently encounter it in media, academic discussions, and everyday conversations among professionals and students in these fields.
- Technology Hubs
- In cities and regions known for their tech scene, like Tehran's innovation districts, 'استارتاپ' is a common topic. News reports about new tech companies, funding announcements, and tech conferences will invariably use this word.
گزارشهای خبری اغلب درباره استارتاپهای ایرانی صحبت میکنند.
Translation: News reports often talk about Iranian startups.
- University and Education
- Universities with entrepreneurship programs or technology departments will use 'استارتاپ' frequently in lectures, workshops, and student projects. Business plan competitions often revolve around developing and pitching startup ideas.
دانشجویان در حال کار بر روی استارتاپ خود هستند.
Translation: The students are working on their startup.
- Investment Circles
- Venture capitalists, angel investors, and startup founders are constantly discussing opportunities, funding, and growth strategies using the term 'استارتاپ'. Pitch decks and investor meetings are saturated with this vocabulary.
این استارتاپ سرمایه قابل توجهی جذب کرده است.
Translation: This startup has attracted significant investment.
- Online Platforms and Media
- Websites, blogs, and social media channels dedicated to business news, tech trends, and entrepreneurship in Iran will frequently feature articles and discussions about 'استارتاپ's.
While 'استارتاپ' is a widely understood term, learners might occasionally misuse it or confuse it with other business-related words. Understanding these common mistakes can help you use the term more accurately and confidently.
- Confusing with 'Small Business'
- Mistake: Calling any small, new business a 'استارتاپ'. Correction: A startup is specifically a business designed for rapid scaling and growth, often with an innovative model. A local bakery or a small shop, while new, might not qualify as a 'استارتاپ' unless it has a unique, scalable business strategy.
این یک مغازه کوچک است، نه یک استارتاپ.
Translation: This is a small shop, not a startup.
- Overuse or Misapplication
- Mistake: Using 'استارتاپ' for any new project or initiative that isn't a business. Correction: 'استارتاپ' specifically refers to a commercial venture. While a project might be innovative, if it's not aimed at creating a scalable business, it's not a startup.
آنها یک پروژه تحقیقاتی را شروع کردند، نه یک استارتاپ.
Translation: They started a research project, not a startup.
- Grammatical Errors
- Mistake: Incorrectly forming possessives or plurals (though 'استارتاپ' is often used singularly even when referring to multiple entities conceptually). Correction: While Persian grammar can be complex, focus on using 'استارتاپ' as a singular noun unless context clearly demands a plural concept, which is less common for this specific loanword.
- Ignoring Context
- Mistake: Using 'استارتاپ' in contexts where older, more traditional business terms would be more appropriate. Correction: 'استارتاپ' is best suited for discussions about modern, often tech-enabled, high-growth ventures. For established, traditional businesses, other Persian terms are more fitting.
آنها یک شرکت تولیدی قدیمی دارند، نه یک استارتاپ.
Translation: They have an old manufacturing company, not a startup.
While 'استارتاپ' is the most common term for a new, high-growth venture, understanding related Persian words can enrich your vocabulary and help you express nuances. These alternatives might refer to different stages or types of businesses.
- شرکت نوپا (Sherkat-e No-pa)
- Meaning: Literally 'newly-footed company'. This is a direct Persian equivalent and often used interchangeably with 'استارتاپ'. It emphasizes the nascent stage of the business.
- Usage
- 'شرکت نوپا' is slightly more formal and perhaps more traditional Persian than the loanword 'استارتاپ', but both are widely understood and used.
- Example
- این شرکت نوپا در حوزه انرژیهای تجدیدپذیر فعالیت میکند.
'استارتاپ' و 'شرکت نوپا' اغلب به جای هم استفاده میشوند.
- کسب و کار جدید (Kasb-o-kar-e Jadid)
- Meaning: 'New business'. This is a broader term and can refer to any new commercial venture, not necessarily one with high growth potential or an innovative model.
- Usage
- This term is more general. While a startup is a 'کسب و کار جدید', not every 'کسب و کار جدید' is a startup.
- Example
- او یک کسب و کار جدید در زمینه فروشگاه آنلاین راهاندازی کرده است.
- شرکت نوآور (Sherkat-e No-avar)
- Meaning: 'Innovative company'. This term focuses on the innovative aspect, which is a key characteristic of many startups, but it doesn't necessarily imply the early stage or high-growth ambition.
- Usage
- A company can be innovative without being a startup, and vice-versa (though less common).
- Example
- این شرکت نوآور در زمینه رباتیک پیشرفتهای زیادی داشته است.
- کارآفرینی (Kar-afarin-i)
- Meaning: 'Entrepreneurship'. This is the activity or process of starting and running a business, especially a new one. It's not a noun for the business itself but the concept.
- Usage
- You can talk about 'کارآفرینی' in relation to startups, but 'کارآفرینی' is not a direct synonym for 'استارتاپ'.
- Example
- کارآفرینی در ایران رو به رشد است.
Fun Fact
The concept of a 'startup' as a newly formed, often technology-focused company with high growth potential gained significant traction in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, largely driven by the rise of the internet and Silicon Valley.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing it as three separate words (start up) instead of a compound noun.
- Incorrect stress placement, e.g., emphasizing the second syllable.
- Mispronouncing the vowel sounds, especially in the 'tar' part.
Examples by Level
این یک شرکت جدید است.
This is a new company.
Basic sentence structure: Subject + Verb + Noun.
آنها پول دارند.
They have money.
'دارند' (dārand) means 'they have'.
آنها کار میکنند.
They work.
'کار میکنند' (kār mikonand) means 'they work'.
این یک ایده خوب است.
This is a good idea.
'ایده' (idea) is a common loanword.
آنها میخواهند رشد کنند.
They want to grow.
'رشد کنند' (roshd konand) means 'to grow'.
این یک پروژه است.
This is a project.
'پروژه' (project) is another loanword.
آنها به دنبال سرمایه هستند.
They are looking for investment.
'سرمایه' (sarmāyeh) means capital/investment.
این یک فرصت است.
This is an opportunity.
'فرصت' (forsat) means opportunity.
این شرکت جدید است و به دنبال سرمایه است.
This company is new and is looking for investment.
Connecting two simple clauses with 'و' (and).
آنها یک ایده خوب برای یک کسب و کار دارند.
They have a good idea for a business.
'کسب و کار' (kasb-o-kar) means business.
این استارتاپ میخواهد سریع رشد کند.
This startup wants to grow quickly.
Introducing 'استارتاپ' (startup) and the adverb 'سریع' (quickly).
آنها در حال توسعه یک محصول جدید هستند.
They are developing a new product.
'توسعه دادن' (tose'eh dādan) means to develop.
این فرصت خوبی برای سرمایهگذاری است.
This is a good opportunity for investment.
Using 'برای' (barāye) for 'for'.
بنیانگذاران این استارتاپ جوان هستند.
The founders of this startup are young.
'بنیانگذار' (bonyān-gozār) means founder.
هدف آنها ایجاد یک کسب و کار موفق است.
Their goal is to create a successful business.
'هدف' (hadaf) means goal/aim.
این استارتاپ از فناوری پیشرفته استفاده میکند.
This startup uses advanced technology.
'فناوری' (fanāvari) means technology.
این استارتاپ با هدف ایجاد تحول در صنعت مالی راهاندازی شده است.
This startup has been launched with the aim of transforming the financial industry.
Passive voice construction 'راهاندازی شده است' (rāh-andāzi shodeh ast) - has been launched.
بسیاری از سرمایهگذاران به دنبال حمایت از استارتاپهای نوآور هستند.
Many investors are looking to support innovative startups.
Using the plural form conceptually, though 'استارتاپ' often functions as a mass noun or is used singularly. 'حمایت از' (hemāyat az) - to support.
فرایند جذب سرمایه برای یک استارتاپ میتواند چالشبرانگیز باشد.
The process of attracting investment for a startup can be challenging.
'فرایند' (farāyand) means process. 'چالشبرانگیز' (chālesh-barangiz) means challenging.
این استارتاپ مدلی تجاری مقیاسپذیر را توسعه داده است.
This startup has developed a scalable business model.
'مدل تجاری' (model-e tejāri) means business model. 'مقیاسپذیر' (meghyās-pazir) means scalable.
آنها در مرحله رشد سریع استارتاپ خود هستند.
They are in the rapid growth phase of their startup.
'مرحله رشد' (marhaleh-ye roshd) means growth phase.
رقابت بین استارتاپهای فناوری بسیار شدید است.
Competition among technology startups is very intense.
'رقابت' (reqābat) means competition. 'شدید' (shadid) means intense.
بسیاری از کارآفرینان جوان رویای راهاندازی یک استارتاپ موفق را دارند.
Many young entrepreneurs dream of launching a successful startup.
'کارآفرین' (kār-āfarin) means entrepreneur. 'رویا' (roya) means dream.
استارتاپهای موفق اغلب با مشکلات زیادی روبرو میشوند.
Successful startups often face many problems.
'مشکلات' (moshkelāt) means problems. 'روبرو شدن' (rooberoo shodan) means to face.
استارتاپهای موفق معمولاً با تمرکز قوی بر نیاز مشتری و ارائه راهکارهای نوآورانه شکل میگیرند.
Successful startups are usually formed with a strong focus on customer needs and providing innovative solutions.
'معمولاً' (ma'moolan) means usually. 'شکل میگیرند' (shakl migirand) means are formed/take shape.
دولت برای تشویق رشد استارتاپها، مشوقهای مالی و قانونی در نظر گرفته است.
The government has considered financial and legal incentives to encourage the growth of startups.
'تشویق' (tashviq) means encouragement. 'مشوق' (moshawweq) means incentive.
تغییرات سریع در بازار فناوری، استارتاپها را مجبور به انطباق مداوم میکند.
Rapid changes in the technology market force startups to adapt continuously.
'انطباق' (entebāgh) means adaptation. 'مجبور کردن' (majboor kardan) means to force.
بسیاری از استارتاپهای حوزه فینتک در حال بازتعریف خدمات بانکی سنتی هستند.
Many fintech startups are redefining traditional banking services.
'فینتک' (fintech) is a loanword. 'بازتعریف کردن' (bāz-ta'rif kardan) means to redefine.
ایجاد یک فرهنگ سازمانی قوی از همان ابتدا برای موفقیت بلندمدت استارتاپ حیاتی است.
Creating a strong organizational culture from the beginning is vital for the long-term success of a startup.
'فرهنگ سازمانی' (farhang-e sāzmāni) means organizational culture. 'حیاتی' (hayāti) means vital.
استارتاپها اغلب در جستجوی مدلهای درآمدی پایدار و تکرارپذیر هستند.
Startups are often in search of sustainable and repeatable revenue models.
'مدل درآمدی' (model-e darāmad-i) means revenue model. 'پایدار' (pāydār) means sustainable.
عدم قطعیتهای اقتصادی میتواند تأثیر قابل توجهی بر چشمانداز رشد استارتاپها داشته باشد.
Economic uncertainties can have a significant impact on the growth prospects of startups.
'عدم قطعیت' (adam-e qat'iyat) means uncertainty. 'چشمانداز' (cheshm-andāz) means prospect/outlook.
توانایی تیم استارتاپ در اجرای ایده، اغلب مهمتر از خود ایده است.
The ability of the startup team to execute the idea is often more important than the idea itself.
'اجرا' (ejrā) means execution. 'توانایی' (tavānāyi) means ability.
گذار از مرحله ایده اولیه به یک استارتاپ پایدار نیازمند ترکیبی از نوآوری، مدیریت قوی و درک عمیق بازار است.
Transitioning from the initial idea stage to a sustainable startup requires a combination of innovation, strong management, and deep market understanding.
'گذار' (gozār) means transition. 'پایدار' (pāydār) means sustainable. 'درک عمیق' (dark-e amiq) means deep understanding.
اکوسیستم استارتاپی ایران در سالهای اخیر شاهد رشد چشمگیری بوده است، اما همچنان با چالشهایی در زمینه جذب سرمایه خارجی روبروست.
Iran's startup ecosystem has witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, but it still faces challenges in attracting foreign investment.
'اکوسیستم' (ecosystem) is a loanword. 'چشمگیر' (cheshmgir) means remarkable. 'جذب سرمایه خارجی' (jazb-e sarmāyeh-ye khāreji) means attracting foreign investment.
بسیاری از استارتاپها در فاز اولیه به دلیل عدم تطابق محصول-بازار (Product-Market Fit) با شکست مواجه میشوند.
Many startups fail in the early phase due to a lack of Product-Market Fit.
'عدم تطابق' (adam-e tatāboq) means lack of fit/mismatch. 'با شکست مواجه شدن' (bā shekast movājeh shodan) means to face failure.
توانمندسازی نسل جوان برای کارآفرینی و ایجاد استارتاپهای دانشبنیان، یکی از اولویتهای اصلی توسعه اقتصادی کشور است.
Empowering the young generation for entrepreneurship and creating knowledge-based startups is one of the main priorities of the country's economic development.
'توانمندسازی' (tavānā-sāzi) means empowerment. 'دانشبنیان' (dānesh-bonyān) means knowledge-based.
استراتژی خروج (Exit Strategy) برای سرمایهگذاران خطرپذیر، عاملی کلیدی در تصمیمگیری برای تأمین مالی یک استارتاپ محسوب میشود.
An Exit Strategy is considered a key factor for venture capitalists in their decision-making process for funding a startup.
'استراتژی خروج' (strategy-e khorooj) means exit strategy. 'سرمایهگذار خطرپذیر' (sarmāyeh-gozār-e khatar-pazir) means venture capitalist.
فرهنگ ریسکپذیری و پذیرش شکست به عنوان فرصتی برای یادگیری، برای رشد پایدار استارتاپها ضروری است.
A culture of risk-taking and accepting failure as a learning opportunity is essential for the sustainable growth of startups.
'ریسکپذیری' (risk-paziri) means risk-taking. 'پذیرش شکست' (pazirash-e shekast) means accepting failure.
نقش شتابدهندهها و انکوباتورها در پرورش استارتاپهای اولیه و کمک به آنها برای رسیدن به مرحله رشد، غیرقابل انکار است.
The role of accelerators and incubators in nurturing early-stage startups and helping them reach the growth stage is undeniable.
'شتابدهنده' (shota-dahandeh) means accelerator. 'انکوباتور' (incubator) is a loanword. 'پرورش' (parvaresh) means nurturing.
تعیین ارزشگذاری دقیق یک استارتاپ در مراحل اولیه، به دلیل عدم وجود دادههای تاریخی و سودآوری قطعی، همواره محل بحث بوده است.
Determining the precise valuation of an early-stage startup has always been a subject of debate due to the lack of historical data and definitive profitability.
'ارزشگذاری' (arzesh-gozāri) means valuation. 'سودآوری' (sood-āvari) means profitability. 'محل بحث' (mahal-e bahs) means subject of debate.
گذار از یک استارتاپ چابک و نوآور به یک سازمان بزرگ و بوروکراتیک، چالشی است که بسیاری از شرکتهای موفق در نهایت با آن مواجه میشوند.
The transition from an agile and innovative startup to a large, bureaucratic organization is a challenge that many successful companies eventually face.
'چابک' (chābok) means agile. 'بوروکراتیک' (bureaucratic) is a loanword. 'در نهایت' (dar nahāyat) means eventually.
تأثیر پلتفرمهای دیجیتال و اقتصاد گیگ (Gig Economy) بر ماهیت و ساختار استارتاپهای نسل جدید، نیازمند تحلیلهای عمیق جامعهشناختی و اقتصادی است.
The impact of digital platforms and the Gig Economy on the nature and structure of new-generation startups requires deep sociological and economic analyses.
'اقتصاد گیگ' (eghtesād-e gig) means Gig Economy. 'ماهیت' (māhiyat) means nature. 'ساختار' (sākhtār) means structure.
درک دینامیکهای قدرت در فضای استارتاپی، از جمله روابط بین بنیانگذاران، سرمایهگذاران و کارمندان، برای پیشبینی موفقیت یا شکست یک شرکت حیاتی است.
Understanding the power dynamics within the startup landscape, including relationships between founders, investors, and employees, is crucial for predicting a company's success or failure.
'دینامیکهای قدرت' (dynamics-e qodrat) means power dynamics. 'پیشبینی' (pish-bini) means prediction.
استراتژیهای ورود به بازارهای نوظهور برای استارتاپها، مستلزم درک عمیق از تفاوتهای فرهنگی، مقررات محلی و توانایی انطباق سریع با شرایط متغیر است.
Market entry strategies for startups in emerging markets necessitate a deep understanding of cultural differences, local regulations, and the ability to adapt quickly to changing conditions.
'بازارهای نوظهور' (bāzār-hā-ye no-zohur) means emerging markets. 'مستلزم' (mostalzam) means necessitate/require.
اهمیت حاکمیت شرکتی (Corporate Governance) در استارتاپها، حتی در مراحل اولیه، اغلب نادیده گرفته میشود، در حالی که میتواند از بروز بسیاری از اختلافات و مشکلات جلوگیری کند.
The importance of Corporate Governance in startups, even in the early stages, is often overlooked, while it can prevent many disputes and problems.
'حاکمیت شرکتی' (hākemiyat-e sherkati) means corporate governance. 'نادیده گرفته شدن' (nādideh gerefteh shodan) means to be overlooked.
تأثیر پدیدههایی چون هوش مصنوعی مولد و بلاکچین بر مدلهای کسبوکار سنتی، چشمانداز رقابتی را برای استارتاپهای آینده دگرگون خواهد کرد.
The impact of phenomena such as Generative AI and blockchain on traditional business models will transform the competitive landscape for future startups.
'هوش مصنوعی مولد' (hoosh-e masnoo'i-ye movalled) means generative AI. 'دگرگون کردن' (dagar-goon kardan) means to transform.
چالش اصلی برای استارتاپهای مبتنی بر فناوری، نه صرفاً نوآوری در محصول، بلکه ایجاد یک زنجیره ارزش پایدار و مقیاسپذیر است که بتواند با بازیگران بزرگتر رقابت کند.
The main challenge for technology-based startups is not merely product innovation, but creating a sustainable and scalable value chain that can compete with larger players.
'زنجیره ارزش' (zanjireh-ye arzesh) means value chain. 'بازیگران بزرگتر' (bāzi-garān-e bozorgtar) means larger players.
فقدان سرمایهگذاری کافی در تحقیق و توسعه (R&D) میتواند مانع از آن شود که استارتاپها بتوانند مزیت رقابتی بلندمدت خود را حفظ کنند.
A lack of sufficient investment in Research and Development (R&D) can prevent startups from maintaining their long-term competitive advantage.
'تحقیق و توسعه' (tahqiq va tose'eh) means Research and Development. 'مزیت رقابتی' (maziyat-e reqābati) means competitive advantage.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To launch a startup. This phrase describes the act of starting a new business venture.
آنها تصمیم گرفتند یک استارتاپ در زمینه آموزش آنلاین راهاندازی کنند.
— Successful startup. This describes a startup that has achieved its goals or is performing well.
این استارتاپ موفق توانسته است کاربران زیادی را جذب کند.
— Investment in a startup. This refers to the act of providing funds to a new business in expectation of a return.
بسیاری از سرمایهگذاران به دنبال فرصتهای سرمایهگذاری در استارتاپهای فناوری هستند.
— Startup team. This refers to the group of people who work together to build and run the startup.
یک تیم استارتاپ قوی برای موفقیت ضروری است.
— Startup ecosystem. This refers to the network of organizations, individuals, and resources that support startups in a particular region or industry.
دولت در تلاش است تا اکوسیستم استارتاپ کشور را تقویت کند.
— Innovative startup. This highlights the creative and novel aspect of a startup's product, service, or business model.
این استارتاپ نوآور راهکارهای جدیدی برای مشکلات زیستمحیطی ارائه میدهد.
— Rapid startup growth. This describes a startup that is expanding its operations, customer base, or revenue at a fast pace.
رشد سریع این استارتاپ باعث جلب توجه سرمایهگذاران شده است.
— Startup business model. This refers to the plan and strategy a startup uses to generate revenue and achieve profitability.
مدل کسب و کار این استارتاپ بر پایه اشتراک ماهانه است.
— Startup challenges. This refers to the difficulties and obstacles that startups face during their development.
چالشهای استارتاپها در بازار رقابتی بسیار زیاد است.
— Startup idea. This refers to the initial concept or plan for a new business venture.
او همیشه ایدههای استارتاپ جالبی دارد.
Word Family
Nouns
Adjectives
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Word Origin
The word 'استارتاپ' is a direct loanword from the English word 'startup'. In English, 'start' means to begin, and 'up' indicates movement or commencement. Thus, 'startup' literally means something that has just begun or started.
Original meaning: The act or instance of starting something, especially a business or enterprise.
Indo-European (English is a Germanic language)Summary
An 'استارتاپ' (startup) is a brand-new business, typically innovative and technology-driven, focused on achieving significant and rapid growth. It represents the initial phase of an entrepreneurial venture seeking to establish a sustainable and scalable model. The term is prevalent in discussions about entrepreneurship, innovation, and the modern economy. For example: 'او یک استارتاپ موفق در زمینه هوش مصنوعی راهاندازی کرده است.' (He has launched a successful AI startup.)
- A startup is a new, innovative business aiming for rapid growth.
- Often technology-focused, startups are in their early stages.
- They seek to develop scalable models and attract investment.
- The term is widely used in business and entrepreneurial contexts.
Related Content
More business words
عادتأ
B2As is the custom or habit; customarily.
عامیانه
B2Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal.
اعطا کردن
B2To grant or bestow (a right, power, or honor).
اعتبار
A2Credit; the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment.
اعتبار دادن
B1To grant credit or give credibility to someone or something.
اعتبار مالی
B1Financial standing or reputation; available funds.
اعتباراً
B2On credit; by means of credibility.
اعتباردهنده
B2An entity that lends money or provides credit to another party.
اعتبارنامه
B1A qualification, achievement, or personal quality; credential.
اعتباری
B1Relating to credit, especially financial credit; based on trust or reputation.
