This page in your language

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

Home
Learn
Persian
Vocabulary
به موجب این

B2 adverb 9 min read

به موجب این

be moojeb-e in

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips به موجب این in 30 Seconds

Explanation به موجب این in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'به موجب این' in your own speaking. It is too difficult. However, you might see it on a very formal piece of paper, like a certificate or a school ID application. Just remember that it means 'Because of this paper' or 'With this paper'. It is a very formal way to start a sentence in a document. Imagine a king giving a paper that says 'With this paper, you are a knight.' That 'With this paper' is what this phrase does. It is usually found at the beginning of the sentence and makes the sentence sound very important. You won't hear it when people talk to each other normally. It is only for formal writing. If you see it, just know that the sentence is telling you a rule or a formal decision.

For A2 learners, 'به موجب این' is a 'recognition' word. You should recognize it when you see it in official documents or formal letters. It is composed of 'be' (by), 'mowjeb' (cause), and 'in' (this). Together, they mean 'hereby' or 'by this'. It is much more formal than 'chon' (because). You might see it in a library's rules or a school's announcement. For example: 'Be mowjeb-e in kart...' (By virtue of this card...). It tells you that the card gives you the right to do something. Don't try to use it when talking to friends, as it will sound very strange. It is strictly for 'Edari' (administrative) situations. If you are filling out a form in Iran, look for this phrase to understand what the form is allowing or forbidding.

At the B1 level, you are starting to encounter more formal texts. 'به موجب این' is a key phrase for understanding the 'legal' or 'official' logic of a text. It translates to 'hereby' or 'pursuant to this'. It is used to connect a document (like a contract) to an action (like a payment). For example, if you see 'Be mowjeb-e in gharardad...', it means 'Under the authority of this contract...'. You should start noticing the difference between this and 'bar asas-e' (based on). While 'bar asas-e' just gives a reason, 'be mowjeb-e in' acts as the legal trigger for the action. You might use it in a formal email to a professor or a bank, although 'badin vasile' is often a safer, slightly less intense choice for intermediate learners.

At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'به موجب این' in formal writing, such as essays about law, business letters, or formal complaints. You understand that it is a performative adverbial phrase. It doesn't just describe a situation; it enacts it. For example, 'Be mowjeb-e in madde-ye ghanooni, shoma moazzaf be pardakht hastid' (By virtue of this legal article, you are obliged to pay). You should also be aware of the Ezafe construction 'mowjeb-e' and how it links to the following noun. At this level, you can distinguish between the 'High Persian' register of this phrase and the neutral register of 'tabgh-e' (according to). Using this phrase correctly in a formal letter will significantly improve the professional tone of your writing.

For C1 learners, 'به موجب این' is a tool for precision in legal and academic Persian. You should understand its historical and linguistic roots in Arabic-influenced Persian legalese. You can use it to draft formal agreements or analyze complex legal texts. You are aware of its synonyms like 'hasb-e' or 'mantebegh bar' and can choose the one that fits the specific nuance of the text. You also recognize its use in 'High Persian' literature and political discourse. At this level, you should be able to identify if the phrase is being used correctly to establish 'cause and effect' in a legal sense. You understand that it is a 'binding' phrase that links the source of authority directly to the consequence, leaving no room for subjective interpretation.

At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'به موجب این' and its role in the architecture of Persian legal and administrative language. You can use it with the same nuance as an Iranian lawyer or high-ranking civil servant. You understand the subtle difference between 'be mowjeb-e in' and 'be estenad-e in' (citing this), where the latter is more about evidence and the former is more about the source of power. You can navigate the most complex legal documents, such as the Iranian Civil Code or international treaties, where this phrase appears frequently. You also understand its rhythmic and rhetorical power in formal speeches and proclamations. You can manipulate the register of your writing perfectly, using this phrase to create an air of absolute authority and legal finality.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

به موجب این in 30 Seconds

A formal Persian phrase meaning 'hereby' or 'by virtue of this'.
Used exclusively in legal, administrative, and official documents.
Functions as a performative trigger for official actions and decrees.
Composed of 'be' (by), 'mowjeb' (cause), and 'in' (this).

The Persian phrase به موجب این (pronounced as 'be mowjeb-e in') is a highly formal adverbial construction primarily used in legal, administrative, and official contexts. At its core, it translates to 'hereby', 'by virtue of this', or 'by means of this document'. It is a performative phrase, meaning that the very act of stating it in a document makes the action it describes happen. For instance, when a decree says 'You are hereby appointed,' the word 'hereby' is the engine of that appointment. In Persian, mowjeb means 'cause' or 'reason', so the literal translation is 'by the cause/reason of this'.

Legal Standing: In the Iranian legal system and formal bureaucracy, this phrase serves as the foundational link between a legal authority (like a law or a contract) and a specific action or consequence. It signals that the power for what follows is derived directly from the document currently being read.
Performative Nature: When used in a sentence like 'Be mowjeb-e in hokm...' (By virtue of this decree...), it creates a reality. It is not merely describing a fact; it is enacting a legal status. This is why it is rarely, if ever, heard in casual conversation among friends at a cafe.

شما به موجب این قرارداد، متعهد می‌شوید که تمام اصول را رعایت کنید.
Translation: You hereby (by virtue of this contract) commit to observing all principles.

Understanding this phrase requires an appreciation for the 'High Persian' register used in government offices (Edari) and law courts (Ghazayi). It is composed of three parts: 'Be' (to/by), 'Mowjeb' (cause/basis), and 'In' (this). When these combine, they form a robust legal instrument. If you are reading an employment contract, a lease agreement, or a formal notification from a university in Iran, you will almost certainly encounter this phrase. It establishes the 'why' behind the 'what'.

به موجب این ماده قانونی، هرگونه تخلف پیگرد خواهد داشت.
Translation: By virtue of this legal article, any violation will be prosecuted.

Register and Tone: The tone is authoritative, cold, and precise. It leaves no room for ambiguity. In English, we might say 'under this agreement', but 'be mowjeb-e in' carries a heavier, more traditional weight, similar to 'pursuant to'.

In a broader sense, the word 'mowjeb' is also used in the phrase 'mowjeb-e khosh-hali' (cause of happiness), but when paired with 'be' and 'in', it loses its emotional flavor and becomes strictly procedural. It is one of those 'glue words' that turns a collection of sentences into a binding legal document. Without it, a contract might just look like a list of suggestions; with it, it becomes a mandate.

Using به موجب این correctly requires placing it at the start of a logical clause or immediately following the subject to emphasize the source of power. In Persian grammar, it acts as a prepositional phrase functioning adverbially. It is almost always followed by a noun that specifies the instrument of authority, such as hokm (decree), sanad (document), or ghanoon (law).

به موجب این گواهی، پایان دوره آموزشی تایید می‌گردد.
Translation: By virtue of this certificate, the completion of the training course is confirmed.

One common pattern is: [به موجب این] + [Noun Phrase] + [Subject] + [Verb]. This structure creates a formal 'declaration' feel. For example, 'Be mowjeb-e in sanad, malekiyat-e khane be shoma montaghel shod' (By virtue of this document, the ownership of the house was transferred to you). Notice how the sentence doesn't just say the house is yours; it points to the document as the reason why.

Sentence Variation 1: The Administrative Decree: Often used to appoint someone to a position. Example: 'Jenab-e aghaye x, be mowjeb-e in hokm, shoma be onvan-e modir enteshab mishavid.' (Mr. X, by virtue of this decree, you are appointed as manager.)
Sentence Variation 2: Legal Prohibitions: Used to cite laws for forbidden acts. Example: 'Be mowjeb-e in madde, vorood-e afraad-e gheyr-e masool mamnoo ast.' (By virtue of this article, entry of unauthorized persons is prohibited.)

طرفین به موجب این توافق‌نامه، کلیه اختلافات قبلی را حل شده تلقی می‌کنند.
Translation: The parties hereby (by virtue of this agreement) consider all previous disputes resolved.

In writing, ensure that the verb at the end of the sentence matches the formal register of the phrase. Using casual verbs like 'shodan' instead of formal ones like 'gardidan' or 'talaghi shodan' can create a stylistic clash. The phrase demands a certain level of linguistic elegance and precision throughout the entire sentence.

You will rarely hear به موجب این in a supermarket or a park. It exists almost exclusively in the 'Paper World' of Iran—the world of bureaucracy, law, and formal announcements. If you are watching the news on IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting) and they are reading a new presidential decree or a parliamentary resolution, you will hear this phrase repeatedly. It provides the news with a sense of gravity and officialdom.

Courtrooms (Dadgah): Judges use this phrase when delivering a verdict. 'Be mowjeb-e in hokm, mottahem be pardakht-e jamee mahkoom shod.' (By virtue of this verdict, the defendant was sentenced to pay a fine.) It signals the finality and the legal basis of the decision.
Notary Public Offices (Mahzar): When you buy property or sign a power of attorney (Vekalat-nameh), the notary will read out the text which often starts with or includes 'be mowjeb-e in'. It is the sound of a legal transaction being finalized.

او به موجب این وصیت‌نامه، تمام اموال خود را به خیریه بخشید.
Translation: He hereby (by virtue of this will) donated all his property to charity.

In literature, specifically in historical novels or dramas set in the Qajar or Pahlavi eras, the phrase is used by monarchs and officials to issue orders. It carries an air of 'The King Commands'. Even in modern corporate Iran, a CEO might use it in a formal memo to employees to announce a change in company policy, though 'be etela' mi-resanad' (it is informed) is more common for general news. 'Be mowjeb-e in' is reserved for when the memo itself *is* the policy change.

Furthermore, in international treaties translated into Persian, 'hereby' is consistently rendered as be mowjeb-e in. If you look at the Persian translation of the UN Charter or any bilateral trade agreement, this phrase acts as the connective tissue that gives the articles their binding force. It is the language of diplomacy and statecraft.

The most frequent mistake learners make with به موجب این is using it in an informal context where a simpler word like 'chon' (because) or 'be khatere' (because of) would be appropriate. Using 'be mowjeb-e in' to explain why you were late to a dinner party would sound absurdly robotic and overly dramatic—like saying 'By virtue of this traffic jam, I am late' in English.

Confusion with 'Be Dalil-e': 'Be dalil-e' means 'due to' or 'because of' a reason. 'Be mowjeb-e in' means 'by the authority of this'. You use 'be dalil-e' for natural causes (e.g., due to rain), and 'be mowjeb-e in' for legal causes (e.g., by virtue of this law).
Misplacing the Ezafe: Forgetting the short 'e' sound (Ezafe) between 'mowjeb' and 'in'. Without the Ezafe, the phrase breaks and becomes two unrelated words. It must be 'mowjeb-e in'.

Incorrect: من به موجب این گرسنه هستم.
Correct: من چون غذا نخوردم گرسنه هستم.
Note: Don't use it for personal feelings or physical states. It's for legal/official status.

Another mistake is confusing it with be vasile-ye in. While similar, be vasile-ye in emphasizes the 'tool' or 'instrument' (like 'by means of this tool'), whereas be mowjeb-e in emphasizes the 'legal ground' or 'authority'. If you are sending a letter and want to say 'I am hereby informing you', the more common and slightly less 'heavy' phrase is badin vasile (by this means), though be mowjeb-e in is also acceptable if the letter itself is a legal notice.

If به موجب این feels too heavy or formal for your specific writing task, there are several alternatives that offer slightly different shades of meaning. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more like a native speaker who knows their 'Edari' (administrative) Persian.

بدین وسیله (Badin Vasile): The most common way to say 'hereby' in formal letters. It is slightly more versatile than 'be mowjeb-e in'. While 'be mowjeb-e in' sounds like a judge, 'badin vasile' sounds like a professional manager. Use it to introduce news, requests, or notifications.
بر اساسِ (Bar Asas-e): Means 'based on'. This is less performative and more descriptive. It explains the foundation of an idea or a decision without necessarily being the 'act' itself. 'Based on the evidence' vs 'Hereby'.
طبقِ (Tebgh-e): Means 'according to'. It is very common in both formal and semi-formal contexts. It implies following a rule or a schedule. 'Tebgh-e barname' (According to the schedule).

Comparison:
1. به موجب این حکم (By virtue of this decree - Legal/Performative)
2. طبقِ این قانون (According to this law - Descriptive/Standard)

Other less common alternatives include hasb-e (according to/by reason of), often used in very high-level legal contexts like 'hasb-e dastoor' (as per order), and montabegh bar (consistent with). When choosing between these, consider the 'power dynamic': be mowjeb-e in is the language of someone who has the authority to make things happen by writing them down.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

In Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), the word 'mowjeb' is used to describe the first part of a contract (the offer), which 'necessitates' the second part (the acceptance).

Pronunciation Guide

UK /be muː.dʒeb-e in/

US /be moʊ.dʒɛb-e ɪn/

The primary stress is on the second syllable of 'mowjeb' (jeb) and on 'in'.

Rhymes With

موجب (Mowjeb) واجب (Vajeb) صاحب (Saheb) غالب (Ghaleb) طالب (Taleb) جالب (Jaleb) کاتب (Kateb) راتب (Rateb)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'mowjeb' as 'moo-jeb' (incorrectly using a long 'u' sound).
Omitting the Ezafe 'e' between 'mowjeb' and 'in'.
Stressing the 'be' at the beginning too heavily.
Reading it too fast, which loses the formal gravity.
Pronouncing 'in' with a long Persian 'i' like 'een'—it should be a clear 'een' sound but often shortened in rapid speech.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 7/5

Requires knowledge of formal administrative vocabulary.

Writing 8/5

Hard to use correctly without sounding too robotic or using wrong collocations.

Speaking 9/5

Rarely used in speech; only for formal presentations or legal readings.

Listening 6/5

Easy to recognize due to its distinct rhythm and placement at the start of sentences.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

به این موجب قانون حکم

Learn Next

بدین وسیله علی‌هذا مشارالیه منوط به لازم‌الاجرا

Advanced

حقوقی (Legal) اداری (Administrative) بخشنامه (Circular) آیین‌نامه (Regulation)

Grammar to Know

Ezafe Construction

موجبِ (mowjeb-e) connects the noun to the following demonstrative pronoun.

Passive Voice in Formal Persian

منصوب شد (was appointed) vs منصوب گردید (was appointed - more formal).

Demonstrative Pronouns

این (this) refers back to the document itself.

Prepositional Phrases as Adverbs

The whole phrase functions as a single adverbial unit.

Formal Verb Endings

Using 'می‌باشد' instead of 'است' to match the formal tone.

Examples by Level

به موجب این کارت، شما می‌توانید وارد شوید.

By virtue of this card, you can enter.

A1: Simple use with a noun.

به موجب این نامه، شما قبول شدید.

By virtue of this letter, you were accepted.

A1: Using it to show a result.

به موجب این قانون، سیگار کشیدن ممنوع است.

By virtue of this law, smoking is forbidden.

A1: Formal prohibition.

به موجب این قرارداد، خانه مال شماست.

By virtue of this contract, the house is yours.

A1: Simple ownership.

به موجب این حکم، او مدیر است.

By virtue of this decree, he is the manager.

A1: Official role.

به موجب این بلیت، صندلی مال من است.

By virtue of this ticket, the seat is mine.

A1: Using it for everyday formal items.

به موجب این مدرک، شما دکتر هستید.

By virtue of this degree, you are a doctor.

A1: Showing qualification.

به موجب این اجازه، بروید.

By virtue of this permission, go.

A1: Simple permission.

به موجب این سند، زمین به نام شما ثبت شد.

By virtue of this document, the land was registered in your name.

A2: Passive voice 'sabt shod'.

او به موجب این وصیت‌نامه، ارث می‌برد.

He inherits by virtue of this will.

A2: Subject placed before the phrase.

به موجب این توافق، ما با هم کار می‌کنیم.

By virtue of this agreement, we work together.

A2: Simple present 'kar mi-konim'.

به موجب این ماده، ورود حیوانات ممنوع است.

By virtue of this article, entry of animals is forbidden.

A2: 'Madde' means article/clause.

شما به موجب این حکم، تبرئه شدید.

You were acquitted by virtue of this verdict.

A2: Legal terminology 'tabre-e'.

به موجب این تفاهم‌نامه، همکاری آغاز می‌شود.

By virtue of this memorandum, cooperation begins.

A2: 'Tafahom-nameh' is common in business.

به موجب این گواهی، او سالم است.

By virtue of this certificate, he is healthy.

A2: Showing a state of being.

به موجب این بخشنامه، ساعت کاری تغییر کرد.

By virtue of this circular, working hours changed.

A2: 'Bakhsh-nameh' is a common office word.

به موجب این قرارداد، مستأجر باید اجاره را اول ماه بپردازد.

By virtue of this contract, the tenant must pay the rent on the first of the month.

B1: Using 'bayad' (must) for obligation.

به موجب این ابلاغیه، شما به جلسه دعوت شده‌اید.

By virtue of this notice, you have been invited to the meeting.

B1: Present perfect passive 'davari shode-id'.

شرکت به موجب این سند، مسئولیت خسارات را می‌پذیرد.

The company hereby (by virtue of this document) accepts responsibility for damages.

B1: Corporate context.

به موجب این ماده قانونی، حقوق کارگران تضمین می‌شود.

By virtue of this legal article, workers' rights are guaranteed.

B1: Passive 'tazmin mi-shavad'.

به موجب این وکالت‌نامه، او نماینده من است.

By virtue of this power of attorney, he is my representative.

B1: 'Vekalat-nameh' is a B1 level legal term.

به موجب این مصوبه، بودجه طرح افزایش یافت.

By virtue of this resolution, the project budget increased.

B1: 'Mosavvabe' (resolution) is formal.

به موجب این سوگندنامه، او قول داد راست بگوید.

By virtue of this affidavit/oath, he promised to tell the truth.

B1: 'Sogand-nameh' context.

به موجب این آیین‌نامه، لباس فرم اجباری است.

By virtue of this regulation, uniform is mandatory.

B1: 'Ayin-nameh' (regulation).

به موجب این قرارداد، کلیه حقوق مادی و معنوی اثر به ناشر واگذار گردید.

By virtue of this contract, all material and intellectual rights of the work were transferred to the publisher.

B2: Formal passive 'vagozar gardid'.

به موجب این حکم، نامبرده به مدت دو سال از خدمات دولتی محروم شد.

By virtue of this decree, the aforementioned person was barred from government service for two years.

B2: 'Nam-borde' (aforementioned) is B2/C1 legal style.

به موجب این ماده، هرگونه تغییر در مفاد قرارداد منوط به توافق کتبی است.

By virtue of this article, any change in the terms of the contract is subject to written agreement.

B2: 'Monoot be' (subject to/contingent upon).

به موجب این سند، طرفین متعهد به حفظ محرمانگی اطلاعات می‌باشند.

By virtue of this document, the parties are committed to maintaining the confidentiality of information.

B2: 'Mi-bashand' is the formal version of 'hastand'.

به موجب این مصوبه پارلمانی، مالیات بر ارزش افزوده افزایش می‌یابد.

By virtue of this parliamentary resolution, value-added tax increases.

B2: Economic and political context.

به موجب این تفاهم‌نامه، طرفین در زمینه‌های علمی همکاری خواهند کرد.

By virtue of this memorandum of understanding, the parties will cooperate in scientific fields.

B2: Future tense 'hamkari khahand kard'.

به موجب این گواهی، صحت امضای نامبرده تایید می‌گردد.

By virtue of this certificate, the authenticity of the aforementioned's signature is confirmed.

B2: Standard notary phrasing.

به موجب این ضابطه، رعایت استانداردهای ایمنی در کارگاه الزامی است.

By virtue of this criterion/rule, compliance with safety standards in the workshop is mandatory.

B2: 'Elzami' (mandatory).

به موجب این ابلاغیه قضایی، مشارالیه مکلف است ظرف مدت ده روز خود را به دادسرا معرفی نماید.

By virtue of this judicial notice, the aforementioned is obliged to report to the prosecutor's office within ten days.

C1: 'Moshar-on-ileyh' (aforementioned) and 'Zarf-e' (within).

به موجب این تفویض اختیار، کلیه وظایف مدیریتی به معاون اول واگذار می‌شود.

By virtue of this delegation of authority, all managerial duties are transferred to the first deputy.

C1: 'Tafviz-e ekhtiyar' is a high-level administrative term.

به موجب این عهدنامه، طرفین متعهد به رعایت تمامیت ارضی یکدیگر می‌باشند.

By virtue of this treaty, the parties are committed to respecting each other's territorial integrity.

C1: International law terminology.

به موجب این ماده، هرگونه اقدام مغایر با منافع ملی، جرم تلقی می‌گردد.

By virtue of this article, any action contrary to national interests is considered a crime.

C1: 'Talaghi gardidan' (to be considered).

به موجب این بخشنامه، کلیه نهادهای دولتی موظف به اجرای طرح تکریم ارباب رجوع هستند.

By virtue of this circular, all government agencies are duty-bound to implement the 'client respect' plan.

C1: Complex administrative sentence structure.

به موجب این وصیت‌نامه رسمی، ثلث اموال متوفی به امور خیریه تخصیص یافت.

By virtue of this official will, one-third of the deceased's property was allocated to charitable affairs.

C1: 'Solth' (one-third) and 'Motovaffa' (deceased).

به موجب این استناد قانونی، دادگاه حکم به بطلان قرارداد صادر نمود.

By virtue of this legal citation, the court issued a verdict for the annulment of the contract.

C1: 'Botlan' (annulment) and 'Sader namood' (issued).

به موجب این توافق‌نامه امنیتی، تبادل اطلاعات بین دو کشور تسهیل می‌گردد.

By virtue of this security agreement, the exchange of information between the two countries is facilitated.

C1: 'Tas-hil gardidan' (to be facilitated).

به موجب این دست‌نوشته که به توقیع مبارک رسیده است، تمامی فرامین پیشین منسوخ اعلام می‌گردد.

By virtue of this manuscript which has received the blessed signature, all previous decrees are declared null and void.

C2: Archaic/Highly formal vocabulary like 'Toghie' and 'Mansookh'.

به موجب این سندِ لازم‌الاجرا، هرگونه ادعای ثانوی از سوی ثالث مسموع نخواهد بود.

By virtue of this enforceable document, any secondary claim by a third party shall not be heard (is inadmissible).

C2: Legal jargon 'Lazem-ol-ejra' and 'Masmoo'.

به موجب این منشور، حقوق بنیادین شهروندی به عنوان رکین‌ترین اصلِ حاکمیت تثبیت می‌گردد.

By virtue of this charter, fundamental citizenship rights are consolidated as the most pivotal principle of sovereignty.

C2: Abstract political terminology 'Rakin-tarin' and 'Hakemiyat'.

به موجب این صلح‌نامه، کلیه دعاوی مطروحه در مراجع قضایی به صورت قطعی خاتمه می‌یابد.

By virtue of this settlement agreement, all claims raised in judicial authorities are definitively terminated.

C2: 'Daa-vi-ye matroohe' (raised claims) and 'Maraje-e ghazayi'.

به موجب این حکمِ حکومتی، شرایط اضطراری در تمامی مبادی ورودی کشور برقرار می‌گردد.

By virtue of this state decree, emergency conditions are established at all entry points of the country.

C2: 'Hokm-e hokoomati' and 'Mabadi-ye voroodi'.

به موجب این اجازه‌نامه شرعی، متولی موظف به صرف عواید موقوفه در جهت اطعام فقراست.

By virtue of this religious permit, the trustee is obliged to spend the endowment proceeds on feeding the poor.

C2: Religious-legal terms 'Motevalli', 'Ava-yed', and 'Moghoofe'.

به موجب این صورت‌جلسه، اعضای هیئت مدیره بر تداوم سیاست‌های انقباضی توافق نمودند.

By virtue of these minutes of the meeting, the board members agreed on the continuation of contractionary policies.

C2: 'Soorat-jalase' and 'Siyasat-haye enghibazi'.

به موجب این الحاقیه، دامنه شمول بیمه‌نامه به حوادث غیرمترقبه نیز تسری یافت.

By virtue of this addendum, the scope of the insurance policy was extended to include unforeseen accidents as well.

C2: 'Elhaghiye' (addendum) and 'Tassari yaft' (was extended/spread).

Common Collocations

به موجب این حکم

به موجب این قرارداد

به موجب این ماده

به موجب این سند

به موجب این مصوبه

به موجب این گواهی

به موجب این ابلاغیه

به موجب این توافق‌نامه

به موجب این بخشنامه

به موجب این وصیت‌نامه

Common Phrases

به موجب این مرقومه

— By virtue of this writing/letter. Used in very old-fashioned formal letters.

به موجب این مرقومه، ارادت خود را اعلام می‌دارم.

به موجب این بند

— By virtue of this clause. Used to refer to a specific part of a contract.

به موجب این بند، خسارت بر عهده خریدار است.

به موجب این اختیار

— By virtue of this authority. Used by someone exercising a power.

به موجب این اختیار، من شما را عفو می‌کنم.

به موجب این ضابطه

— By virtue of this regulation/criterion.

به موجب این ضابطه، قیمت‌ها کنترل می‌شود.

به موجب این تبصره

— By virtue of this note/proviso in a law.

به موجب این تبصره، استثنائاتی وجود دارد.

به موجب این تفویض

— By virtue of this delegation.

به موجب این تفویض، او حق امضا دارد.

به موجب این پیمان

— By virtue of this pact/treaty.

به موجب این پیمان، مرزها مشخص شدند.

به موجب این دستخط

— By virtue of this handwriting/note.

به موجب این دستخط، او اجازه خروج دارد.

به موجب این تفاهم

— By virtue of this understanding.

به موجب این تفاهم، همکاری ادامه می‌یابد.

به موجب این اعلامیه

— By virtue of this announcement.

به موجب این اعلامیه، نتایج منتشر شد.

Often Confused With

به موجب این vs به دلیلِ

Means 'due to' (causality in nature/life), whereas 'be mowjeb-e' is 'by virtue of' (causality in law).

به موجب این vs به وسیله‌یِ

Means 'by means of' (using a physical tool), while 'be mowjeb-e' is about authority.

به موجب این vs بنا به

Means 'according to' or 'based on' (often used for rumors or reports), less formal than 'be mowjeb-e'.

Idioms & Expressions

"به موجب این"

— While not an idiom in the figurative sense, it functions as a 'legal idiom' where the literal meaning (by the cause of this) is understood as the performative 'hereby'.

به موجب این حکم، کار تمام است.

Formal

"موجب شدن"

— To cause or bring about. This is the verbal root of the phrase.

رفتار او موجب ناراحتی شد.

Neutral

"بی‌موجب"

— Without cause; for no reason.

او بی‌موجب عصبانی شد.

Neutral

"به هر موجب"

— By whatever means or cause.

به هر موجب که باشد، باید بیایی.

Formal

"موجبات فراهم شدن"

— To provide the grounds or causes for something to happen.

موجبات سفر فراهم شد.

Formal

"سلبِ موجب"

— To remove the cause or necessity of something.

با این کار، سلبِ موجب شد.

Legal

"موجبِ امتنان"

— Cause of gratitude (a formal way to say 'I would be grateful').

پاسخ شما موجب امتنان است.

Very Formal

"موجبِ زحمت"

— Cause of trouble/inconvenience (used in polite apologies).

ببخشید که موجب زحمت شدم.

Polite

"موجبِ خیر"

— A cause of good/blessing.

امیدوارم این اتفاق موجب خیر باشد.

Neutral/Religious

"به موجبِ قانون"

— By the power of the law (the most common general use).

به موجب قانون، مالیات اجباری است.

Formal

Easily Confused

به موجب این vs موجب

It can mean 'cause' or 'reason' in general.

In the phrase 'be mowjeb-e', it is specifically 'legal ground'. In 'mowjeb-e khosh-hali', it is an emotional cause.

این خبر موجب خوشحالی شد. (General) vs به موجب این حکم... (Legal)

به موجب این vs واجب

Sounds similar and comes from the same Arabic root.

Vajeb means 'obligatory/necessary' (adjective), while Mowjeb means 'cause/basis' (noun).

نماز واجب است. vs به موجب این قانون...

به موجب این vs موج

Similar spelling at the start.

Mowj means 'wave' (like in the sea). Completely unrelated.

موج دریا بلند بود.

به موجب این vs موجّه

Same root.

Mowaj-jah means 'justified' or 'reasonable'.

دلیل او موجه نبود.

به موجب این vs موجودی

Similar sound.

Mo-joo-di means 'balance' (in a bank) or 'inventory'.

موجودی حساب من کم است.

Sentence Patterns

به موجب این [اسم]، [شخص] به [سمت] منصوب شد.

به موجب این حکم، علی به مدیریت رسید.

به موجب این [اسم]، هرگونه [فعل] ممنوع است.

به موجب این قانون، هرگونه تقلب ممنوع است.

به موجب این [اسم]، کلیه حقوق به [شخص/نهاد] واگذار می‌گردد.

به موجب این قرارداد، کلیه حقوق به ناشر واگذار می‌گردد.

[شخص] به موجب این [اسم]، متعهد به [عمل] می‌باشد.

مستأجر به موجب این سند، متعهد به پرداخت است.

به موجب این [اسم]، فرامین قبلی منسوخ و [فرمان جدید] جایگزین می‌شود.

به موجب این بخشنامه، قوانین قبلی منسوخ شد.

به موجب این [اسم]، صحت [موضوع] تایید و گواهی می‌گردد.

به موجب این گواهی، صحت امضا تایید می‌گردد.

به موجب این [اسم]، شما می‌توانید [عمل].

به موجب این کارت، شما می‌توانید خرید کنید.

به موجب این [اسم]، ما دوست هستیم.

به موجب این پیمان، ما دوست هستیم.

Word Family

Nouns

موجب (Cause/Reason)

ایجاب (Necessity/Requirement)

وجوب (Obligatoriness)

موجبات (Causes/Grounds)

Verbs

موجب شدن (To cause)

ایجاب کردن (To necessitate/require)

واجب بودن (To be necessary)

Adjectives

موجب (Causal)

واجب (Necessary/Obligatory)

موجّه (Justified/Reasonable)

علت (Reason)

سبب (Cause)

دلیل (Evidence/Reason)

مقتضی (Requirement)

مستند (Documented)

How to Use It

frequency

Common in written legal/official Persian, rare in spoken Persian.

Common Mistakes

Using it in casual speech. → Using 'چون' or 'به خاطر'.
It's too formal for daily life. It sounds like you're reading a law book at dinner.
Omitting the Ezafe. → به موجبِ این (be mowjeb-e in).
The Ezafe is grammatically required to link the words.
Using it for natural causes. → به دلیلِ باران (due to rain).
'به موجب این' is for legal/textual authority, not natural events.
Mixing it with informal verbs. → به موجب این حکم، منصوب گردید.
The entire sentence must maintain a high formal register.
Confusing 'mowjeb' with 'moo-jeb'. → Pronouncing it 'mow-jeb' (rhymes with 'low').
Incorrect pronunciation can make the word unrecognizable.

Tips

Look for the Noun

When you see 'به موجب این', look for the noun right after it. It will tell you the source of the rule (e.g., contract, law, decree).

Match the Register

If you use this phrase, make sure your verbs are formal too. Use 'می‌گردد' instead of 'می‌شود'.

Legal Only

Save this phrase for when you are writing something that needs to be legally binding or very official.

The Ezafe Connection

Don't forget the short 'e' sound. It's 'mowjeb-e in', not 'mowjeb in'.

Synonym Choice

Use 'بدین وسیله' for letters and 'به موجب این' for contracts or rules.

Formal News

Watch Iranian news to hear how news anchors use this phrase when reading government announcements.

Performative Act

Remember that this phrase doesn't just describe; it *does*. It's the 'trigger' for a formal change.

No Slang

Never mix this with slang. It creates a 'linguistic whiplash' that sounds very odd to native speakers.

Clause Starter

It usually starts a new clause. Use a comma after the phrase and its following noun for clarity.

Arabic Roots

Knowing that 'mowjeb' means 'cause' helps you understand the logic: 'By the cause of this'.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Mowjeb' as 'Major-Basis'. 'Be Mowjeb-e In' = 'By the Major Basis of this document'.

Visual Association

Imagine a judge's gavel hitting a paper. The sound of the gavel is 'به موجب این'. It makes the paper become a law.

Word Web

Law Contract Decree Authority Hereby Document Article Resolution

Challenge

Try to write a 'fake' decree for your household using this phrase. For example: 'By virtue of this decree, Sunday is now Pizza Day!'

Word Origin

The phrase is a hybrid of Persian and Arabic. 'Be' is Persian, while 'Mowjeb' is the active participle of the Arabic root 'w-j-b' (وجب), meaning 'to be necessary' or 'to be obligatory'.

Original meaning: In Arabic, 'mowjib' refers to something that makes another thing necessary or provides the cause for it.

Indo-European (Persian) and Afro-Asiatic (Arabic).

Cultural Context

This phrase is neutral in terms of sensitivity but very high in terms of formality. Never use it in a joke or a casual setting unless you are intentionally trying to sound like a mock-official.

In English, we use 'hereby' or 'pursuant to'. These are often mocked as 'legalese' that confuses people, but in Persian, 'be mowjeb-e in' is seen as a necessary mark of professional and legal competence.

The Iranian Constitution (Ghanun-e Assasi) Presidential decrees (Hokm-e Riasat-e Jomhuri) Formal marriage contracts (Aghd-nameh)

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Legal Contracts

به موجب این قرارداد
فسخ قرارداد
طرفین معامله
مفاد قرارداد

Government Decrees

به موجب این حکم
انتصاب
برکناری
اجرای قانون

Educational Certificates

به موجب این گواهی
فارغ‌التحصیلی
تاییدیه
دانشنامه

International Treaties

به موجب این عهدنامه
تمامیت ارضی
حسن همجواری
پروتکل

Wills and Estates

به موجب این وصیت‌نامه
ارث
وراث
ماترک

Conversation Starters

"آیا تا به حال در یک قرارداد فارسی عبارت 'به موجب این' را دیده‌اید؟"

"تفاوت 'به موجب این' و 'بدین وسیله' در نامه‌های رسمی چیست؟"

"چرا در متون حقوقی از عبارت‌های سنگین مثل 'به موجب این' استفاده می‌شود؟"

"اگر بخواهید یک قانون جدید برای خانه خود وضع کنید، از چه عبارتی استفاده می‌کنید؟"

"آیا 'به موجب این' در اخبار رادیو و تلویزیون ایران زیاد شنیده می‌شود؟"

Journal Prompts

یک نامه رسمی کوتاه بنویسید و در آن با استفاده از 'به موجب این'، شخصی را به یک سمت خیالی منصوب کنید.

توضیح دهید که چرا زبان حقوقی در همه کشورها، از جمله ایران، با زبان روزمره متفاوت است.

یک قرارداد ساده برای امانت دادن یک کتاب به دوستتان بنویسید و از 'به موجب این' استفاده کنید.

خاطره‌ای از زمانی که یک مدرک رسمی (مثل گواهینامه) دریافت کردید بنویسید و جملات رسمی آن را تصور کنید.

تحقیق کنید که کلمه 'موجب' در چه عبارات دیگری در فارسی به کار می‌رود و آن‌ها را بنویسید.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, it would sound very strange and sarcastic. Use 'چون' or 'به خاطرِ' instead. 'به موجب این' is only for very formal or legal documents.

Yes, 'hereby' is the closest English equivalent. It means 'by means of this document' or 'by this very act'.

'بدین وسیله' is more common in general formal letters (e.g., 'I hereby inform you'). 'به موجب این' is 'heavier' and more common in laws, decrees, and contracts.

Usually, yes. Placing it at the start establishes the authority of the statement that follows. However, it can occasionally follow the subject (e.g., 'The parties hereby...').

In this specific phrase, yes. It is 'mowjeb-e in' or 'mowjeb-e [noun]'. The Ezafe links the cause to the specific document or rule.

No. You should say 'به دلیلِ بیماری' (due to illness). 'به موجب این' is for legal/official reasons, not physical or natural ones.

Absolutely. It is the standard language of the Iranian government, courts, and corporate legal departments.

It is generally considered B2 because while the words are simple, the register and usage context are advanced and specific to formal literacy.

It is pronounced 'mow-jeb'. The 'ow' sounds like the 'o' in 'low' or 'go' in American English.

Yes, 'be mowjeb-e aan' means 'by virtue of that' (referring to a previously mentioned document or law).