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چرخ کردن

B1 verb #5,000 most common 10 min read

چرخ کردن

charkh-kardan Top 5,000

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips چرخ کردن in 30 Seconds

Explanation چرخ کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'charkh kardan' is about making meat small for food. Think of it as 'meat + machine = small meat.' You might hear this when someone is talking about 'Goosht' (meat). You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet. Just remember that 'charkh' looks like 'wheel' and you turn a wheel to grind meat. If you go to a shop and say 'Goosht charkh' (Meat mince), the butcher will understand you want ground meat. This is a very practical word for basic survival and shopping in an Iranian environment. You will see it on labels in the supermarket next to pictures of ground beef. It is one of the first 'kitchen' verbs you should learn because so much of Persian food uses minced meat.

At the A2 level, you should start using the full compound verb: 'charkh kardan.' You should be able to say 'Man goosht charkh mikonam' (I mince meat) or ask a question like 'Ghasab goosht charkh mikonad?' (Does the butcher mince meat?). You are learning that Persian verbs often have two parts, and here 'kardan' is the part that changes. You should also recognize the past tense: 'charkh kardam' (I minced). At this level, you can follow a very simple recipe that tells you to mince an onion or a piece of meat. You are starting to see the difference between 'chopping' (khord kardan) and 'mincing' (charkh kardan).

At the B1 level, you should use 'charkh kardan' fluently in culinary and shopping contexts. You understand that it specifically refers to using a grinder or a machine with a rotating mechanism. You can use it with the object marker 'ra' (e.g., 'Goosht ra charkh kon'). You are also familiar with the passive-adjective form 'charkh-kardeh' (minced) and can use it to describe ingredients: 'Goosht-e charkh-kardeh-ye goosfand' (minced lamb). You can explain why you are mincing something—for example, to make Kabab or Kotlet. You also know not to use this verb for 'turning a car' or 'spinning around,' which are common mistakes for students at this stage.

At the B2 level, you can use 'charkh kardan' in more complex grammatical structures, such as the subjunctive ('Bayad goosht ra charkh konam') or the perfect tenses ('Goosht ra charkh kardeh-am'). You understand the nuance between 'charkh kardan' (mincing wet/soft things) and 'asiyab kardan' (grinding dry things like spices). You can participate in a detailed discussion about cooking techniques, such as the benefits of mincing meat twice for a better texture in kebabs. You might also encounter the word in industrial or mechanical descriptions, where 'charkh' refers to gears or rollers, and you can infer the meaning based on the context of processing materials.

At the C1 level, you are aware of the historical and etymological roots of the word. You know that 'charkh' comes from the ancient Indo-European root for 'circle' or 'wheel' (related to the English 'wheel' and 'chakra'). You can use the verb metaphorically if the context allows, though it's rare. You are comfortable reading technical manuals or industrial food processing documents that use 'charkh kardan' to describe mechanical reduction of materials. You understand the subtle register differences—how a butcher might use the term versus how a food scientist might use it. You can also distinguish between various regional synonyms or more formal literary alternatives for 'grinding' or 'pulverizing.'

At the C2 level, you have a complete grasp of 'charkh kardan' in all its forms, including archaic or highly technical uses. You can appreciate the word's role in Persian literature or idioms where 'charkh' (the wheel/heavens) is a common theme, even if the verb 'kardan' isn't always attached in the same way. You can discuss the evolution of Persian culinary technology and how the introduction of the 'charkh-e goosht' changed traditional recipes that previously used 'koobidan' (pounding). You speak with the precision of a native, using the verb only where appropriate and perfectly conjugating it within complex, multi-clause sentences.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

چرخ کردن in 30 Seconds

A Persian compound verb meaning 'to mince' or 'to grind' food using a machine.
Essential for shopping at Iranian butchers and following traditional Persian recipes.
Grammatically consists of the noun 'charkh' (wheel) and the auxiliary verb 'kardan' (to do).
Commonly used with meat, onions, and vegetables to create the base for kebabs and stews.

The Persian compound verb چرخ کردن (charkh kardan) is a fundamental culinary term that every learner reaching the B1 level must master. At its core, it refers to the process of mincing or grinding food items, most commonly meat, through a machine known as a charkh-e goosht (meat grinder). However, the word carries a mechanical heritage; 'charkh' literally means 'wheel' or 'gear,' and 'kardan' is the universal auxiliary verb 'to do' or 'to make.' Therefore, the literal translation is 'to wheel' or 'to rotate,' reflecting the manual action of turning the crank on traditional meat grinders used in Iranian households for generations. In modern Persian, when you are in a ghasabi (butcher shop), this is the specific verb you use to ask the butcher to process your selection of lamb or beef into a fine consistency suitable for iconic dishes like Kabab Koobideh or Kotlet.

Culinary Context: In the Iranian kitchen, the texture of ingredients is paramount. Unlike 'khord kardan' (to chop), which implies distinct pieces, چرخ کردن implies a total transformation of the structural integrity of the food into a paste or uniform grain. This is essential for 'Goosht-e Charkh-kardeh' (minced meat), which serves as the base for hundreds of Persian recipes.
Mechanical Nuance: While primarily used for food, the term can occasionally appear in technical contexts referring to the processing of materials through rollers or gears, though in 99% of daily conversation, it remains firmly rooted in the kitchen or the butcher shop.

آقا، لطفاً این دو کیلو گوشت ران را برای من چرخ کنید.
— Sir, please mince these two kilograms of leg meat for me.

Understanding the usage of this verb also requires an understanding of Iranian shopping habits. Many Iranians prefer to choose a specific cut of meat—often a combination of lean beef and fatty lamb—and have the butcher charkh kardan it right in front of them to ensure quality and the correct fat-to-protein ratio. This cultural insistence on freshness makes the verb a staple of market-day vocabulary. Furthermore, the verb is used for vegetables in certain regional recipes, such as mincing onions and herbs for specific types of shami or kuku, where a food processor or a manual grinder is employed to achieve a very fine, almost liquid-free pulp.

مادرم همیشه پیازها را قبل از ریختن در کباب، چرخ می‌کند.
— My mother always minces the onions before putting them in the kebab.

In a broader sense, the word 'charkh' is ubiquitous in Persian. You find it in 'charkh-e khayyati' (sewing machine) and 'charkh-e ruzgar' (the wheel of fortune/time). However, the specific pairing with 'kardan' in the context of materials almost always triggers the 'grinding' or 'mincing' meaning. As you progress in Persian, you will notice that compound verbs like this are the backbone of the language, where a simple noun is transformed into a precise action. Mastery of charkh kardan signals to native speakers that you are familiar with the practicalities of Iranian life and cuisine.

Using چرخ کردن correctly involves understanding its structure as a compound verb. In Persian, the 'non-verbal' part (charkh) remains static, while the 'light verb' part (kardan) conjugates for tense, person, and number. Because it is a transitive verb, it usually takes a direct object, often marked by the post-position ra (را) if the object is definite. For example, 'I am mincing the meat' becomes Man goosht ra charkh mikonam. Notice how the prefix 'mi-' (denoting continuous or habitual action) attaches to the 'kardan' part, resulting in mikonam.

Present Continuous: Used when the action is happening right now: Daram goosht charkh mikonam (I am currently mincing meat). In informal speech, 'daram' is the auxiliary for the present progressive.
Past Simple: Used for completed actions: Diruz goosht ra charkh kardam (Yesterday I minced the meat). The stem 'kard-' is used for all past tenses.

آیا می‌توانید این سبزیجات را برای سوپ چرخ کنید؟
— Can you mince these vegetables for the soup?

One of the most important aspects of using this verb is the 'Compound Passive' form. If you want to say 'The meat was minced,' you use the past participle of 'kardan' (kardeh) followed by the verb 'shodan' (to become). So, Goosht charkh shod or more commonly as an adjective, Goosht-e charkh-kardeh (minced meat). This adjectival form is what you will see on labels in supermarkets throughout Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. It is a 'must-know' phrase for grocery shopping.

گوشت باید دو بار چرخ شود تا کباب نرم شود.
— The meat must be minced twice so that the kebab becomes soft.

Furthermore, in the imperative (command) form, we use the prefix 'be-' with the present stem 'kon'. So, 'Mince it!' becomes Charkhash kon! (where '-ash' is the object pronoun 'it'). In a polite setting, such as a butcher shop, you would use the plural/formal form: Lotfan charkh konid. This versatility across tenses and moods makes charkh kardan a perfect example for students to practice the mechanics of Persian compound verbs while learning a highly practical vocabulary item.

The most common environment to hear چرخ کردن is the local Iranian ghasabi (butcher shop). Unlike Western supermarkets where pre-packaged ground beef is the norm, many Iranians prefer a 'custom grind.' You will hear customers saying, Agha, baraye man nim kilo charkh konid (Sir, mince half a kilo for me). The butcher will then take the chosen cuts and feed them into a large industrial machine. The sound of the machine and the sight of the meat being transformed are quintessential parts of the Iranian bazaar experience. It's a sensory word that brings to mind the smell of fresh meat and the rhythmic hum of the grinder.

In the Kitchen: You will hear it in domestic settings when families prepare for large gatherings. 'Charkh kardan' is often a communal activity or a specific step in a complex recipe like Ghormeh Sabzi (if the meat is prepped a certain way) or Kufteh Tabrizi.
Cooking Shows: Persian celebrity chefs frequently use the term. They might emphasize the 'dorshom' (coarse) or 'narm' (fine) setting of the grind, saying Ba darajeh-ye dorosht charkh konid (Mince it with a coarse setting).

قصاب گوشت را جلوی چشم مشتری چرخ کرد.
— The butcher minced the meat right in front of the customer's eyes.

Beyond the literal kitchen, you might encounter the word in news reports or documentaries discussing the food industry or agricultural processing. For instance, when discussing the production of sausages (sosis) or bologna (kalbas), the verb charkh kardan is used to describe the mechanical processing of the ingredients. In a more metaphorical or slang sense, though less common, it can sometimes describe someone being 'ground down' by work or a system, similar to the English 'being through the meat grinder,' though the Persian equivalent usually uses different verbs like leh shodan (to be crushed).

این دستگاه می‌تواند استخوان‌های کوچک را هم چرخ کند.
— This device can even grind small bones.

In summary, charkh kardan is a word that bridges the gap between traditional manual labor and modern convenience. Whether you are reading a 100-year-old cookbook or watching a TikTok recipe from a Tehran foodie, the verb remains the standard way to describe this essential culinary transformation. It is a word of the marketplace, the home, and the industrial factory alike.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make with چرخ کردن is confusing it with other verbs related to 'turning' or 'moving.' Because 'charkh' means wheel, learners often try to use charkh kardan to mean 'to turn a corner' while driving or 'to spin around.' This is incorrect. For turning a corner, Persians use pichidan. For spinning around, they use charkhidan (an intransitive verb). Charkh kardan is strictly transitive and almost always involves a machine or a tool processing an object.

Confusing with 'Charkhidan': Learners often say Man charkh mikonam to mean 'I am spinning.' This sounds like 'I am mincing myself' to a native speaker! Use Man micharkham for spinning.
Overusing with non-food items: While you can 'charkh kardan' plastic or metal in a factory, using it for 'grinding your teeth' is a mistake. For teeth, Persians use the verb gharch-gharch kardan or sa'idan.

اشتباه: من در اتاق چرخ کردم. (غلط)
درست: من در اتاق چرخیدم. (صحیح)
— Mistake: I 'minced' in the room. Correct: I 'spun/walked around' in the room.

Another mistake involves the preposition. English speakers often want to say 'grind into' something. In Persian, you don't 'charkh kardan into a paste.' You simply charkh kardan the object, and the resulting state is understood. If you need to specify the result, you might use 'be soorat-e...' (in the form of...). Also, be careful with the word 'grind' in a social or academic sense. If you mean 'to study hard' (the grind), charkh kardan is never used; instead, use dars khoondan-e ziad or poost-e khod ra kandan (literally: peeling one's own skin).

اشتباه: او قهوه را چرخ کرد.
درست: او قهوه را آسیاب کرد.
— Mistake: He 'minced' the coffee. Correct: He 'ground' (milled) the coffee.

Lastly, remember the distinction between charkh kardan and asiyab kardan. While both translate to 'grind' in English, asiyab kardan is for dry goods like coffee, spices, or wheat (milling), whereas charkh kardan is for wet or soft goods like meat and vegetables using a meat-grinder style mechanism. Using 'charkh' for coffee beans will sound very strange to a Persian ear!

While چرخ کردن is the specific term for mincing with a machine, Persian offers several other verbs for reducing the size of food or materials. Understanding the nuances between these will elevate your Persian from 'functional' to 'fluent.' The most common alternative is خرد کردن (khord kardan), which means 'to chop' or 'to break into small pieces.' If you are using a knife to cut onions into cubes, you are khord kardan, not charkh kardan. The latter implies a much finer, mashed consistency.

آسیاب کردن (Asiyab Kardan): This means 'to mill' or 'to grind' dry items. You use an asiyab (grinder/mill) for black pepper, cinnamon, or coffee beans. It results in a powder, whereas charkh kardan results in a paste or strands.
له کردن (Leh Kardan): This means 'to crush' or 'to mash.' You would leh kardan boiled potatoes to make mash, or leh kardan garlic with the side of a knife. It is often done by pressure rather than a rotating blade.
رنده کردن (Randeh Kardan): Meaning 'to grate.' Use this for cheese or carrots when using a hand grater (randeh).

برای این دستور پخت، بهتر است گوشت را چرخ کنید نه اینکه خرد کنید.
— For this recipe, it's better to mince the meat, not chop it.

In a culinary context, the choice of verb tells the cook exactly what tool to reach for. If the recipe says charkh kardan, they get the electric meat grinder. If it says randeh kardan, they get the box grater. If it says koobidan (to pound), they get the goosht-koob (meat pounder/pestle). This precision is a hallmark of Persian culinary vocabulary, reflecting a culture that takes the preparation of food very seriously.

در قدیم، مردم گندم را آسیاب می‌کردند اما گوشت را می‌کوبیدند.
— In the old days, people would mill wheat but they would pound meat.

Finally, in industrial settings, you might hear faravari kardan (to process), which is a much broader term. However, for the physical act of breaking down solids into a ground state, charkh kardan remains the undisputed king of verbs. Mastery of these distinctions will help you avoid the common pitfalls of direct translation from English and allow you to navigate a Persian kitchen or grocery store with confidence.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The word 'charkh' is so old that it appears in the Avesta (ancient Zoroastrian texts) referring to the wheels of chariots. Today, it's most commonly used for making hamburgers!

Pronunciation Guide

UK /tʃærx kærdæn/

US /tʃærx kɑrdæn/

The stress is on the second syllable of the first word (charkh) and the final syllable of the second word (dan).

Rhymes With

نرم کردن (narm kardan) گرم کردن (garm kardan) شرم کردن (sharm kardan) طرد کردن (tard kardan) سرد کردن (sard kardan) گرد کردن (gard kardan) درد کردن (dard kardan) صبر کردن (sabr kardan)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'kh' as 'k' (it should be breathy).
Using a long 'oo' sound in 'charkh' (it's a short 'a').
Stress on the first syllable of 'kardan'.
Merging the two words into one without a slight pause.
Mispronouncing the 'r' as an English 'r' instead of a Persian tap.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 2/5

Easy to recognize once you know 'charkh' and 'kardan'.

Writing 3/5

Requires correct spelling of 'charkh' (with che and khe).

Speaking 4/5

The 'kh' sound and 'r' tap can be tricky for beginners.

Listening 3/5

Distinctive sound, usually clear in kitchen contexts.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

گوشت (Meat) کردن (To do) چرخ (Wheel) آشپزخانه (Kitchen) دستگاه (Machine)

Learn Next

آسیاب کردن (To grind dry) خرد کردن (To chop) سرخ کردن (To fry) پختن (To cook) مخلوط کردن (To mix)

Advanced

چرخ‌دنده (Gear) دوران (Rotation) استحاله (Transformation) تجهیزات (Equipment) فرآوری (Processing)

Grammar to Know

Compound Verb Conjugation

Man charkh mi-kon-am (I am mincing).

Direct Object Marker 'ra'

Goosht ra charkh kon (Mince the meat).

Passive Construction with 'shodan'

Goosht charkh shod (The meat was minced).

Subjunctive Mood with 'be-'

Bayad charkh be-kon-i (You must mince).

Adjectival Participle '-eh'

Goosht-e charkh-kardeh (Minced meat).

Examples by Level

من گوشت چرخ می‌کنم.

I mince meat.

Present tense: Subject + Object + Verb.

گوشت چرخ‌کرده کجاست؟

Where is the minced meat?

Using the adjective form 'charkh-kardeh'.

او پیاز چرخ می‌کند.

He/She minces onions.

Third person singular present.

لطفاً چرخ کنید.

Please mince (it).

Imperative formal/plural.

گوشت را چرخ کن.

Mince the meat.

Imperative informal with 'ra'.

این چرخ‌گوشت است.

This is a meat grinder.

Noun form: charkh-e goosht.

ما گوشت چرخ کردیم.

We minced meat.

Past tense first person plural.

چرا چرخ می‌کنی؟

Why are you mincing?

Question form.

می‌خواهم این گوشت را چرخ کنم.

I want to mince this meat.

Want + Subjunctive.

قصاب برای من گوشت چرخ کرد.

The butcher minced meat for me.

Past simple.

آیا شما پیاز هم چرخ می‌کنید؟

Do you also mince onions?

Present simple question.

مادرم همیشه گوشت را دو بار چرخ می‌کند.

My mother always minces the meat twice.

Adverb 'hamisheh' (always).

گوشت چرخ‌کرده برای کباب لازم است.

Minced meat is necessary for kebab.

Descriptive sentence.

من بلد نیستم با چرخ‌گوشت چرخ کنم.

I don't know how to mince with a meat grinder.

Negative 'balad nistam' (I don't know how).

امروز گوشت گاو چرخ کردیم.

Today we minced beef.

Past tense with time adverb.

لطفاً این را چرخ نکنید.

Please do not mince this.

Negative imperative.

باید گوشت را قبل از پختن چرخ کنید.

You must mince the meat before cooking.

Modal 'bayad' + Subjunctive.

اگر گوشت را چرخ کنی، کباب خوشمزه‌تر می‌شود.

If you mince the meat, the kebab becomes more delicious.

Conditional Type 1.

او در حال چرخ کردن گوشت برای ناهار است.

He is in the middle of mincing meat for lunch.

Present continuous using 'dar hal-e'.

گوشت چرخ‌کرده را با پیاز مخلوط کنید.

Mix the minced meat with onions.

Imperative with preposition 'ba'.

دیروز تمام گوشت‌ها را چرخ کردم و در فریزر گذاشتم.

Yesterday I minced all the meats and put them in the freezer.

Compound sentence in past tense.

چرا این گوشت خوب چرخ نشده است؟

Why hasn't this meat been minced well?

Passive perfect tense.

این دستگاه برای چرخ کردن مرغ هم مناسب است.

This device is also suitable for mincing chicken.

Gerund form 'charkh kardan'.

او ترجیح می‌دهد خودش گوشت را در خانه چرخ کند.

He prefers to mince the meat himself at home.

Verb 'tarjih dadan' (to prefer).

گوشت چرخ‌کرده‌ای که از قصابی خریدم خیلی چرب بود.

The minced meat that I bought from the butcher was very fatty.

Relative clause with 'ke'.

قبل از اینکه گوشت را چرخ کنید، آن را بشویید.

Before you mince the meat, wash it.

Time clause 'ghabl az inke'.

او ادعا می‌کند که بهترین روش برای چرخ کردن گوشت استفاده از دستگاه دستی است.

He claims that the best way to mince meat is using a manual device.

Reported speech.

با چرخ کردن سبزیجات، طعم آن‌ها بهتر پخش می‌شود.

By mincing the vegetables, their flavor spreads better.

Instrumental usage of the gerund.

اگر گوشت را درست چرخ نکنی، کباب از روی سیخ می‌ریزد.

If you don't mince the meat correctly, the kebab will fall off the skewer.

Negative conditional.

او مشغول چرخ کردن مواد اولیه برای سوسیس خانگی بود.

She was busy mincing the raw materials for homemade sausages.

Past continuous with 'mashghool-e'.

بسیاری از رستوران‌ها گوشت را خودشان چرخ می‌کنند تا کیفیت را حفظ کنند.

Many restaurants mince the meat themselves to maintain quality.

Purpose clause 'ta'.

آیا تا به حال سعی کرده‌اید ماهی را چرخ کنید؟

Have you ever tried to mince fish?

Present perfect with 'sa'i kardan'.

فرایند چرخ کردن در مقیاس صنعتی تفاوت‌های اساسی با روش‌های خانگی دارد.

The process of mincing on an industrial scale has fundamental differences from home methods.

Formal/Academic register.

او با دقت تمام چربی‌ها را جدا کرد و سپس اقدام به چرخ کردن گوشت نمود.

He carefully removed all the fats and then proceeded to mince the meat.

Literary verb 'nemoodan' instead of 'kardan'.

ساختار پروتئینی گوشت در اثر چرخ کردن بیش از حد تخریب می‌شود.

The protein structure of the meat is destroyed as a result of excessive mincing.

Passive voice in a scientific context.

در متون قدیمی، به جای چرخ کردن از واژه 'کوبیدن' استفاده می‌شد.

In old texts, the word 'pounding' was used instead of 'mincing'.

Historical linguistic reference.

تکنولوژی چرخ کردن مواد غذایی در دهه‌های اخیر پیشرفت شگرفی داشته است.

The technology of mincing food items has had tremendous progress in recent decades.

Complex subject with 'pishraft'.

وی معتقد است که چرخ کردن پیاز باعث تلخ شدن آن در برخی غذاها می‌شود.

He believes that mincing onions causes them to become bitter in some dishes.

Causal relationship in formal Persian.

هر چه گوشت را سردتر چرخ کنید، بافت نهایی آن منسجم‌تر خواهد بود.

The colder you mince the meat, the more cohesive its final texture will be.

Correlative comparison 'har che... -tar'.

او چنان در کارش غرق بود که گویی تمام زندگی‌اش را چرخ کرده‌اند.

He was so immersed in his work as if they had minced his entire life.

Metaphorical/Literary usage.

استحالهٔ گوشت از قطعات بزرگ به بافتی یکدست از طریق چرخ کردن، مبنای بسیاری از خوراک‌های ملی است.

The transformation of meat from large pieces to a uniform texture through mincing is the basis of many national dishes.

Highly formal vocabulary ('estahaleh').

در این پژوهش، تأثیر سرعت تیغه بر کیفیت چرخ کردن فرآورده‌های گوشتی بررسی شده است.

In this research, the effect of blade speed on the quality of mincing meat products has been investigated.

Academic passive voice.

چرخ کردن در اینجا صرفاً یک عمل فیزیکی نیست، بلکه مرحله‌ای حیاتی در کیمیاگری آشپزی ایرانی محسوب می‌شود.

Mincing here is not merely a physical act, but is considered a vital stage in the culinary alchemy of Iran.

Philosophical/Rhetorical structure.

او با بهره‌گیری از چرخ‌گوشت‌های صنعتی، روزانه تناژ بالایی از مواد اولیه را چرخ می‌کند.

By utilizing industrial meat grinders, he minces a high daily tonnage of raw materials.

Advanced industrial terminology.

ظرافت در چرخ کردن، مرز میان یک کباب حرفه‌ای و یک غذای معمولی را تعیین می‌کند.

Subtlety in mincing determines the boundary between a professional kebab and an ordinary meal.

Abstract noun usage.

تاریخچهٔ چرخ کردن در ایران با ورود اولین ماشین‌آلات از اروپا در دورهٔ قاجار گره خورده است.

The history of mincing in Iran is tied to the arrival of the first machinery from Europe during the Qajar period.

Historical analysis.

تحلیل دینامیک سیالات در محفظهٔ چرخ کردن می‌تواند به طراحی تیغه‌های کارآمدتر منجر شود.

Fluid dynamics analysis in the mincing chamber can lead to the design of more efficient blades.

Engineering/Scientific register.

او با نگاهی انتقادی به صنعت غذا، چرخ کردن را نمادی از نابودی اصالت مواد اولیه می‌دانست.

With a critical view of the food industry, he considered mincing a symbol of the destruction of the raw materials' authenticity.

Sociological/Critical register.

Common Collocations

گوشت چرخ کردن

پیاز چرخ کردن

دو بار چرخ کردن

با دستگاه چرخ کردن

درشت چرخ کردن

نرم چرخ کردن

چرخ کردن و بسته‌بندی

آماده برای چرخ کردن

چرخ کردن مرغ

چرخ کردن سبزی

Common Phrases

گوشت چرخ‌کرده

— Minced meat / Ground meat.

یک کیلو گوشت چرخ‌کرده خریدم.

چرخ‌گوشت

— Meat grinder (the machine).

چرخ‌گوشت ما خراب شده است.

دوبار چرخ‌شده

— Double-minced (very fine).

کباب عالی با گوشت دوبار چرخ‌شده درست می‌شود.

چرخ کردن دستی

— Manual mincing/grinding.

چرخ کردن دستی خیلی سخت است.

چرخ کردن برقی

— Electric mincing/grinding.

با چرخ‌گوشت برقی سریع‌تر چرخ می‌شود.

تیغه چرخ‌گوشت

— The blade of the meat grinder.

تیغه باید تیز باشد تا خوب چرخ کند.

گوشت چرخ‌نکرده

— Unminced meat (whole meat).

گوشت چرخ‌نکرده گران‌تر است؟

چرخ کن بره

— Mince it, brother (informal request).

داداش، اینو برای ما چرخ کن.

در حال چرخ کردن

— In the process of mincing.

دستگاه در حال چرخ کردن است.

چرخ کردن حبوبات

— Mincing legumes (for falafel).

نخودها را برای فلافل چرخ کنید.

Often Confused With

چرخ کردن vs چرخیدن

Intransitive: to spin oneself. Never use for mincing meat.

چرخ کردن vs چرخاندن

Transitive: to rotate an object (like a steering wheel), but not to process it.

چرخ کردن vs آسیاب کردن

To grind dry spices or coffee into powder.

Idioms & Expressions

"چرخ روزگار"

— The wheel of fortune/time. Not directly 'mincing', but uses the same root 'charkh'.

چرخ روزگار همیشه می‌چرخد.

Literary

"چرخ گوشت کسی را خرد کردن"

— To metaphorically grind someone down (rare slang).

او را در چرخ‌گوشت مشکلات انداختند.

Slang

"چرخ زندگی چرخیدن"

— To keep the wheels of life turning (making a living).

باید کار کنم تا چرخ زندگی بچرخد.

Common

"چرخ نهم"

— The ninth wheel (someone useless/extra).

من در این گروه چرخ نهم هستم.

Informal

"چرخ کردن پنبه"

— To gin cotton (technical/archaic).

در قدیم پنبه را با دست چرخ می‌کردند.

Historical

"چرخ کردن کلمات"

— To mince words (not a direct Persian idiom, but used by translators).

او کلمات را چرخ می‌کند.

Translation

"زیر چرخ ماندن"

— To be crushed under the wheel (metaphor for failure).

او زیر چرخ روزگار ماند.

Poetic

"چرخ چاه"

— The wheel of a well.

چرخ چاه صدا می‌داد.

Neutral

"چرخ خیاطی"

— Sewing machine.

مادرم با چرخ خیاطی لباس می‌دوزد.

Common

"چرخ زدن"

— To wander around/spin.

در بازار چرخ زدیم.

Informal

Easily Confused

چرخ کردن vs خرد کردن

Both mean making things smaller.

Khord kardan is with a knife (pieces); Charkh kardan is with a machine (paste).

پیاز را خرد کردم (I chopped it); پیاز را چرخ کردم (I minced it).

چرخ کردن vs رنده کردن

Both use tools.

Randeh kardan is using a grater (shreds); Charkh kardan is a grinder (strands/paste).

پنیر را رنده کن.

چرخ کردن vs کوبیدن

Traditional method of mincing.

Koobidan is manual pounding (pestle); Charkh kardan is mechanical rotating.

گوشت را بکوب.

چرخ کردن vs آسیاب کردن

Both translate to 'grind'.

Asiyab is for dry powder; Charkh is for wet/soft mince.

گردو را آسیاب کن.

چرخ کردن vs له کردن

Both result in a paste-like state.

Leh kardan is crushing (like potatoes); Charkh kardan is cutting through a die.

سیر را له کن.

Sentence Patterns

[Food] + [Charkh Kardan]

Goosht charkh mikonam.

[Food] + را + [Charkh Kardan]

Goosht ra charkh mikonam.

Bayad + [Food] + را + [Charkh Konid]

Bayad goosht ra charkh konid.

Ghabl az + [Gerund], ...

Ghabl az charkh kardan, goosht ra بشویید.

Agar + [Subjunctive], ...

Agar goosht ra charkh koni, behtar ast.

[Subject] + اقدام به + [Gerund] + نمود

Ghasab eghdam be charkh kardan nemood.

Ba estefadeh az + [Tool], ...

Ba estefadeh az charkh-e goosht, ...

Farayand-e + [Gerund] + dar ...

Farayand-e charkh kardan dar san'at ...

Word Family

Nouns

چرخ (wheel/gear)

چرخ‌گوشت (meat grinder)

چرخ‌کرده (minced matter)

چرخ‌کار (machinist)

Verbs

چرخیدن (to rotate/spin - intransitive)

چرخاندن (to rotate/turn something - transitive)

چرخ خوردن (to be spun)

Adjectives

چرخ‌کرده (minced/ground)

چرخی (wheeled/rotating)

چرخ‌دنده (geared)

گوشت (meat)

قصاب (butcher)

آسیاب (mill)

کباب (kebab)

کتلت (cutlet)

How to Use It

frequency

Very frequent in culinary and domestic contexts.

Common Mistakes

Man charkh mikonam (meaning I spin). → Man micharkham.
Charkh kardan is transitive (mincing something), charkhidan is intransitive (spinning oneself).
Ghahrve ra charkh kardam. → Ghahve ra asiyab kardam.
Charkh kardan is for meat/veg; asiyab kardan is for dry beans/spices.
Goosht charkh kardeh (as a noun). → Goosht-e charkh-kardeh.
You need the ezafe (-e) to connect the noun and the adjective.
Charkh kardan-e mashin. → Pichidan-e mashin.
You don't mince a car; you turn it.
Daram goosht charkh mikonam (in formal writing). → Dar hal-e charkh kardan-e goosht hastam.
'Daram' is informal; 'dar hal-e' is formal for continuous actions.

Tips

Conjugation

Always conjugate 'kardan' and leave 'charkh' alone. It's a compound verb.

Butcher Shop

When at a ghasabi, say 'Lotfan baraye man charkh konid' to get fresh ground meat.

Kebab Secret

The secret to good kebab is 'charkh kardan' the meat with some fat (donbeh).

The 'Kh' Sound

Make sure you don't say 'chark' with a 'k'. It must be 'charkh' with a throat sound.

Mechanical

Remember the word comes from 'wheel'. It implies a rotating motion.

Onions

If you mince onions, remember to drain the juice before adding to meat for kebabs.

Ancient Roots

The word is thousands of years old. It links Persian to English and Sanskrit.

Supermarket

Look for 'Goosht-e Charkh-kardeh' in the refrigerated section.

Chopping vs Mincing

Don't confuse 'khord kardan' with 'charkh kardan'. Mincing is much finer.

Spinning

Never say 'Man charkh mikonam' to mean you are spinning around!

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a giant WHEEL (Charkh) turning to CRUSH (Kardan) meat. Charkh + Kardan = The Wheel of Mincing.

Visual Association

Picture a manual meat grinder with its red handle. As you turn the handle (the charkh), the meat comes out minced. Associate the circular motion with the word.

Word Web

Meat Butcher Kebab Grinder Wheel Kitchen Cooking Paste

Challenge

Go to a local Persian grocery store and find the 'Goosht-e Charkh-kardeh' label. Take a photo and say the word out loud three times.

Word Origin

From the Middle Persian 'čaxr', which originates from the Proto-Indo-European root '*kʷekʷlo-' meaning 'circle' or 'wheel'. It is a cognate of the English word 'wheel' and the Sanskrit 'chakra'.

Original meaning: The original meaning was strictly 'wheel' or 'disk'. The culinary meaning 'to mince' evolved after the invention of mechanical grinders that used a rotating wheel/crank.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Western Iranian -> Persian.

Cultural Context

Always ensure the meat being minced is specified (beef/lamb) as pork is not used in traditional Persian cooking due to Islamic dietary laws.

While English uses 'mince' (UK) and 'grind' (US), Persian uses 'charkh kardan' for both. English speakers often find the 'wheel' connection strange until they see a manual grinder.

In the movie 'The Cow' (Gaav), the relationship between man and animal is central, though 'charkh kardan' represents the industrial end of that cycle. Persian cookbooks by Roza Montazemi always specify 'charkh kardan' for her famous recipes. Modern Iranian pop songs sometimes use 'charkh' metaphorically for the world spinning.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

At the Butcher

نیم کیلو چرخ کنید
چربی‌اش را کم کنید
دوبار چرخ کنید
این گوشت برای چرخ کردن خوب است؟

Cooking at Home

پیاز را چرخ کردم
چرخ‌گوشت را بیار
گوشت چرخ‌کرده کجاست؟
باید این را چرخ کنیم

Reading a Recipe

گوشت را چرخ کرده و...
مواد را با هم چرخ کنید
چرخ‌شده با درجه ریز
پس از چرخ کردن...

In an Appliance Store

قدرت این چرخ‌گوشت چقدر است؟
تیغه‌اش خوب چرخ می‌کند؟
برای چرخ کردن استخوان مناسب است؟
گارانتی چرخ‌گوشت

Industrial/Factory

خط تولید گوشت چرخ‌کرده
سرعت چرخ کردن
بهداشت چرخ‌گوشت
چرخ کردن مواد پلاستیکی

Conversation Starters

"آیا شما ترجیح می‌دهید گوشت را در خانه چرخ کنید یا از قصابی بخرید؟"

"برای درست کردن کباب کوبیده، چند بار باید گوشت را چرخ کرد؟"

"به نظر شما چرخ کردن پیاز طعم غذا را عوض می‌کند؟"

"آیا تا به حال با چرخ‌گوشت دستی کار کرده‌اید؟"

"بهترین دستگاه برای چرخ کردن سبزیجات چیست؟"

Journal Prompts

امروز در آشپزخانه چه چیزی را چرخ کردید؟ مراحل آن را بنویسید.

تفاوت بین گوشت چرخ‌کرده و گوشت تکه‌ای در غذاهای ایرانی چیست؟

خاطره‌ای از کمک کردن به مادرتان برای چرخ کردن گوشت بنویسید.

اگر چرخ‌گوشت نداشتید، چگونه مواد را چرخ می‌کردید؟

چرا در فرهنگ ایرانی، گوشت چرخ‌کرده اینقدر محبوب است؟

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, for coffee beans you should use 'asiyab kardan' (to mill/grind dry goods). 'Charkh kardan' is for meat or vegetables.

The machine is called a 'charkh-e goosht' (meat wheel/grinder).

The verb is 'charkh kardan'. If you use it as a noun (the act of mincing), it becomes 'charkh kardan-e [object]'.

You say 'goosht-e charkh-kardeh-ye gaav'.

No, use 'pichidan' for turning a corner or 'charkhandan-e farmoon' for turning the steering wheel.

It means the meat has been put through the grinder twice for a finer texture.

Yes, it is an ancient Persian word related to the English 'wheel'.

Yes, 'charkh kardan-e piaz' (mincing onions) is very common in Persian cooking.

The past tense is 'charkh kardam' (I minced), 'charkh kardi' (you minced), etc.

In very informal speech, people might just say 'charkhesh kon' (mince it).