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دلیل آوردن

B2 verb 9 min read

دلیل آوردن

Q: What does 'dalil-tarāshi' mean?

'Dalil-tarāshi' (دلیلتراشی) is a noun meaning 'the fabrication of reasons' or 'making excuses.' It comes from the verb 'tarāshidan' (to carve/shave).

Q: How do I say 'without reason'?

You can say 'bi-dalil' (بیدلیل) or 'bedun-e dalil' (بدون دلیل).

dalil avardan

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips دلیل آوردن in 30 Seconds

Explanation دلیل آوردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about complex logic. Think of 'dalil āvordan' simply as 'saying why.' In Persian, 'dalil' means 'reason' and 'āvordan' means 'to bring.' So, when you want to tell someone why you did something, you 'bring a reason.' It is like saying 'because' (chon-ke) but using a full verb. For example, if you are late for class, you 'bring a reason' to your teacher. It is a very useful phrase even for beginners because it helps you start explaining your actions. You can use it in simple sentences like 'I have a reason' (Man dalil dāram) or 'I bring a reason' (Man dalil mi-āvaram). Just remember that in Persian, we don't 'give' (dādan) reasons, we 'bring' (āvordan) them. This is a very important difference from English that will make you sound much better at Persian right from the start.

At the A2 level, you can start using 'dalil āvordan' in the past and present tenses to talk about your daily life. You might use it to explain why you like a certain food or why you didn't do your homework. At this level, you should learn the basic conjugation of the verb 'āvordan.' In the present, it is 'mi-āvaram' (I bring), and in the past, it is 'āvordam' (I brought). You can combine it with the word 'barāye' (for). For example: 'U barāye dir āmadan dalil āvord' (He brought a reason for coming late). You are moving beyond simple 'why' questions and starting to describe the act of explaining yourself. You should also recognize that 'dalil' is the thing you are bringing. If you have many reasons, you can say 'dalilhā' or the more common 'dalāyel.' This verb is very helpful for basic social interactions where you need to justify your choices to friends or family.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'دلیل آوردن' in more complex sentence structures, including the subjunctive mood. For example, using 'bāyad' (must) requires the subjunctive: 'Bāyad dalil biyāvari' (You must bring a reason). At this stage, you start to understand the difference between a 'good' reason and a 'bad' reason. You can add adjectives like 'ghāne-konandeh' (convincing) or 'manteghi' (logical). You will hear this word in news reports or in more serious conversations. You are also beginning to see how this verb is used in stories to show what a character is thinking. It's not just about excuses anymore; it's about supporting an opinion. You should also be aware of the synonym 'tovjih kardan,' which often means 'to justify' in a slightly defensive way. Comparing these two will help you express yourself more accurately in Persian-speaking environments.

At the B2 level, 'دلیل آوردن' becomes a tool for professional and academic discourse. You are expected to use it to present arguments in a structured way. You should be able to use the broken plural 'dalāyel' naturally and understand how to use the verb in the passive voice ('dalāyeli āvordeh shod'). At this level, you recognize the nuances of tone—when 'dalil āvordan' is a neutral act of reasoning versus when it is a social maneuver to save face. You can use it in debates to challenge someone: 'Barāye in harf che dalili mi-āvari?' (What reason do you bring for this statement?). You are also expected to handle the prepositional phrases that go with it, such as 'dalil āvordan dar morede...' (bringing reasons about...). Your use of this verb should reflect a clear understanding of Persian logic and the cultural importance of providing a well-constructed justification for one's views or actions in a public or professional forum.

At the C1 level, you use 'دلیل آوردن' with precision and stylistic flair. You can distinguish it from highly formal terms like 'estedlāl kardan' (to reason) or 'borhān āvordan' (to provide demonstrative proof). You understand its use in classical and modern literature, where the 'bringing of reasons' might be a central theme of a character's moral struggle. You can use the verb in complex, multi-clause sentences with sophisticated conjunctions and transitions. You also understand the rhetorical power of the verb—how 'bringing a reason' can be used to persuade, manipulate, or enlighten an audience. Your vocabulary includes a wide range of collocations, such as 'dalāyel-e dandan-shekan' (crushing/irrefutable reasons). You are capable of following a complex legal or philosophical argument in Persian where this verb is used to build a case step-by-step. At this level, the verb is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a fundamental part of your ability to engage in high-level Persian intellectual life.

At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'دلیل آوردن' and its place within the broader landscape of Persian linguistics and philosophy. You can discuss the etymology of 'dalil' and its historical development in Persian logic (manteq). You are able to use the verb in a way that perfectly matches the register of any situation, from a casual idiom-filled conversation to a formal academic dissertation. You can analyze how different authors use this verb to construct their rhetorical strategies. You are also aware of the subtle cultural implications—how the act of 'bringing reasons' intersects with Iranian concepts of honor, truth, and social harmony. You can spontaneously generate complex arguments, bringing multiple levels of reasoning, and use the verb 'دلیل آوردن' to signpost your logic for your listeners or readers. Your command is such that you can even play with the word, using it ironically or in sophisticated wordplay that only a near-native speaker would understand.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

دلیل آوردن in 30 Seconds

A versatile Persian compound verb used to provide justifications, arguments, or excuses in both formal and casual settings.
Literally translates to 'to bring reasons,' utilizing the noun 'dalil' (reason) and the verb 'āvordan' (to bring).
Essential for B2 learners to master logical discourse, debates, and navigating social explanations in Iranian culture.
Commonly paired with the preposition 'barāye' (for) and often used in the subjunctive mood to express necessity.

The Persian compound verb دلیل آوردن (dalil āvordan) is a cornerstone of logical discourse, everyday persuasion, and intellectual inquiry in the Persian-speaking world. At its most basic level, it translates to "to bring reasons," which is the literal equivalent of "to provide justification" or "to argue a point" in English. The word dalil (دلیل) is of Arabic origin, meaning 'proof,' 'guide,' or 'evidence,' while āvordan (آوردن) is a native Persian verb meaning 'to bring.' When these two merge, they create a functional unit used to describe the act of supporting a claim with facts, logic, or even excuses. Unlike simply 'explaining' (توضیح دادن), دلیل آوردن implies a need to validate a position or a behavior that might be under scrutiny.

Formal Context: In academic writing or legal proceedings, this verb is used to describe the presentation of evidence. For example, a lawyer must bring reasons to prove a client's innocence.
Casual Context: In daily life, if someone is late to a meeting, they might 'bring reasons' (often excuses) to explain their tardiness to their friends or boss.

او برای غیبت خود دلیل آورد اما هیچ‌کس حرفش را باور نکرد.
He brought reasons for his absence, but no one believed his word.

The nuance of this word often shifts depending on the tone. If used in a philosophical debate, it represents the high art of 'reasoning.' If used in a parent-child argument, it might lean toward 'making excuses.' In Persian culture, where indirect communication (Ta'arof) is common, the act of دلیل آوردن is often a way to maintain face while declining an invitation or explaining a failure. It is not just about the logic; it is about the social performance of providing a legitimate cause for one's actions. This verb is also closely related to the concept of 'Burhan' (demonstrative proof) in Islamic philosophy, though 'dalil' is much more common in secular and everyday speech.

To master this verb, one must understand that it is a 'light verb construction.' This means the verb 'āvordan' carries the grammatical weight (tense, person, number), while 'dalil' carries the semantic meaning. You can modify 'dalil' with adjectives to change the quality of the reasoning. For instance, dalil-e mohkam āvordan means 'to bring strong reasons,' whereas dalil-e bi-payeh āvordan means 'to bring baseless reasons.' This flexibility makes it a powerful tool for any B2-level speaker looking to express complex thoughts and justifications in Persian.

دانشمند برای فرضیه خود دلیل‌های علمی آورد.
The scientist brought scientific reasons for his hypothesis.

Using دلیل آوردن correctly requires an understanding of Persian compound verb syntax. The verb 'āvordan' is transitive, but in this compound form, 'dalil' acts as the direct object. Therefore, you do not typically use the post-position 'rā' (را) after 'dalil' unless you are specifying a very particular reason previously mentioned. The most common preposition used with this verb is برای (barāye - for) to indicate what the reason is being provided for. You might also use در مورد (dar morede - about) or علیه (alayhe - against).

The Present Tense: The stem for 'āvordan' in the present is 'āvar' (آور). To say "I am bringing reasons," you say: دلیل می‌آورم (dalil mi-āvaram).
The Past Tense: The past stem is 'āvord' (آورد). To say "They brought reasons," you say: آن‌ها دلیل آوردند (ānhā dalil āvordand).

چرا همیشه برای اشتباهاتت دلیل می‌آوری؟
Why do you always bring reasons (make excuses) for your mistakes?

One of the most important aspects of using this verb at a B2 level is the ability to use it in the subjunctive mood. When expressing necessity, doubt, or desire, the 'mi-' prefix is replaced with 'be-'. For example: 'He must bring a reason' becomes 'او باید دلیل بیاورد' (u bāyad dalil biyāvarad). Note the euphonic 'y' that appears between 'be-' and 'āvar'. This is a common stumbling block for learners but is essential for natural-sounding Persian.

In complex sentences, دلیل آوردن can be followed by a 'ke' (که) clause to explain the content of the reason. For example: "He brought the reason that the traffic was heavy." (او دلیل آورد که ترافیک سنگین بود). Here, the verb acts as a reporting verb, similar to 'saying' or 'claiming.' It is also frequently used in the passive voice in formal reports: 'Reasons were brought' (دلایلی آورده شد).

باید برای اثبات ادعایت دلیل بیاوری.
You must bring reasons to prove your claim.

You will encounter دلیل آوردن in a variety of settings, ranging from high-stakes environments like courtrooms to the mundane setting of a family dinner table. In the Iranian media, specifically in political debates or talk shows, pundits frequently use this term to challenge their opponents. You might hear a host say, "Please bring your reasons for this policy" (لطفاً برای این سیاست دلیل بیاورید). It is the standard way to ask for an argument or a justification in a professional setting.

In Education: Teachers often tell students: "Don't just give the answer; bring reasons for it" (فقط جواب نده، برایش دلیل بیاور). This encourages critical thinking.
In Literature: Modern Persian prose often uses this verb to describe the internal struggles of characters who are trying to justify their questionable choices to themselves.

در دادگاه، وکیل برای بی‌گناهی موکلش دلیل آورد.
In court, the lawyer brought reasons for his client's innocence.

In the realm of psychology and self-help—which is very popular in contemporary Iran—the verb is used to discuss 'rationalization.' Therapists might talk about how people 'bring reasons' to avoid facing their true emotions. In this context, the verb takes on a slightly negative connotation, implying a lack of honesty with oneself. However, in scientific journals (published in Persian), the verb is strictly neutral and refers to the presentation of data and logical inferences.

Socially, if you are being interrogated by a curious relative about why you aren't married yet or why you chose a certain career, you will find yourself 'bringing reasons' constantly. Persian social dynamics often involve a lot of 'chera' (why) questions, and دلیل آوردن is your primary defense mechanism. It is a linguistic tool for navigating the complex web of social expectations in Iranian society.

مدیر برای اخراج کارمند دلایل منطقی آورد.
The manager brought logical reasons for firing the employee.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning دلیل آوردن is trying to translate the English phrase "give a reason" literally as *دلیل دادن (dalil dādan). While 'dādan' means 'to give,' it is almost never used with 'dalil' in Persian. Using 'dādan' will make you sound very foreign and is grammatically unnatural. Always remember: in Persian, you don't 'give' reasons; you 'bring' them.

Confusion with 'Explain': Learners often use 'toziih dādan' (explaining) when they should use 'dalil āvordan'. 'Toziih' is about making something clear; 'dalil' is about making something justified.
Incorrect Prepositions: Avoid using 'be' (to) when you mean 'for'. It's 'dalil barāye' (reason for), not 'dalil be'.

غلط: او برای کارش دلیل داد.
درست: او برای کارش دلیل آورد.
Correct: He brought (gave) a reason for his work.

Another common error involves the pluralization. As mentioned, the plural of 'dalil' is 'dalāyel'. Beginners often try to pluralize it as 'dalilhā'. While 'dalilhā' is technically possible in very informal speech, 'dalāyel' is the standard. Furthermore, when using the plural, ensure the verb 'āvordan' stays in the correct form. Some learners accidentally pluralize the verb to match the object, which is incorrect in Persian; the verb only agrees with the subject.

Finally, be careful with the word tovjih kardan (to justify). While it is a synonym, tovjih kardan often has a negative connotation of 'making excuses' or 'whitewashing' an action. If you want to remain neutral or positive, stick with دلیل آوردن. Using the wrong one can change the entire tone of your sentence from logical to defensive.

او فقط می‌خواهد اشتباهش را توجیه کند، نه اینکه دلیل بیاورد.
He just wants to justify (excuse) his mistake, not to bring (legitimate) reasons.

Persian is rich with synonyms for 'reasoning' and 'justifying,' each with its own specific register. Understanding these will help you choose the right word for the right context. The most formal alternative to دلیل آوردن is استدلال کردن (estedlāl kardan). This word is derived from the same Arabic root (d-l-l) but is a denominative verb that specifically means 'to reason' or 'to engage in syllogism.' It is used in logic, philosophy, and high-level academia.

استدلال کردن (Estedlāl Kardan): More formal. Used for logical argumentation. Example: "The philosopher reasoned that..."
توجیه کردن (Tovjih Kardan): Often carries a negative nuance of making excuses or trying to make something bad look good.
برهان آوردن (Borhān Āvordan): Used for providing 'proof' or 'demonstration,' often in mathematics or formal logic.

نویسنده برای ادعای خود استدلال‌های محکمی ارائه کرد.
The author presented strong arguments (reasoning) for his claim.

Another common phrase is el-lat tarāshidan (علت تراشیدن), which literally means 'to carve out a cause.' This is very informal and almost always negative. It implies that the person is inventing reasons out of thin air to avoid blame. If you say someone is 'carving reasons,' you are calling them a liar or a master of excuses. On the other hand, moshakhas kardan-e dalil (مشخص کردن دلیل) means 'to specify the reason,' which is more analytical and objective.

In summary, while دلیل آوردن is the most versatile and common term, you should use estedlāl kardan for academic rigor, tovjih kardan for social justifications, and el-lat tarāshidan when you want to criticize someone's excuses. Mastering these distinctions is a sign of a truly advanced Persian speaker.

او همیشه برای تنبلی‌اش علت می‌تراشد.
He always carves out causes (invents excuses) for his laziness.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

"نماینده مجلس برای طرح جدید دلایل متعددی آورد."

Neutral

"او برای تغییر شغلش دلیل آورد."

Informal

"اینقدر دلیل نیار، فقط بگو نمیای!"

Child friendly

"بگو چرا بستنی می‌خوای؟ یک دلیل بیاور!"

Slang

"باز داره دلیل می‌تراشه که پیچ بپیچونه."

Fun Fact

The word 'dalil' is the same root as 'dalālat', which in modern linguistics means 'signification.' So when you 'bring a reason,' you are essentially 'bringing a sign' that points to the truth.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /dæ.liːl ɒː.vɔːr.dæn/

US /dæ.lil ɑ.vɔr.dæn/

In 'dalil', the stress is on the second syllable. In the compound 'dalil āvordan', the primary stress usually falls on the first syllable of the verb 'āvordan' (the 'ā').

Rhymes With

آوردن (āvordan) سپردن (sepordan) شمردن (shemordan) فشردن (feshordan) خوردن (khordan) مردن (mordan) بردن (bordan) آزردن (āzordan)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'dalil' as 'da-leel' with a very short 'i'. It should be a long, tense vowel.
Dropping the 'v' sound in 'āvordan', making it sound like 'ā-ordan'.
Putting the stress on the last syllable of 'āvordan' like in French; Persian verbs usually stress the prefix or the stem.
Confusing the 'ā' (آ) with a short 'a' (ا).
Not pronouncing the 'n' clearly at the end of the infinitive.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts but requires understanding of compound verb stems.

Writing 4/5

Requires correct conjugation and preposition usage (barāye).

Speaking 4/5

Must avoid the 'dalil dādan' mistake and use subjunctive correctly.

Listening 3/5

Common in media; usually clear, but can be fast in debates.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

دلیل (dalil) آوردن (āvordan) برای (barāye) چرا (cherā) چون‌که (chon-ke)

Learn Next

استدلال کردن (estedlāl kardan) توجیه کردن (tovjih kardan) اثبات کردن (esbāt kardan) قانع کردن (ghāne kardan) منطقی (manteghi)

Advanced

برهان خلف (borhān-e kholf) استنتاج (estentāj) قیاس (ghiyās) مغالطه (moghālateh) بدیهیات (badahiyyāt)

Grammar to Know

Compound Verb Conjugation

In 'دلیل آوردن', only 'آوردن' changes: دلیل می‌آورم، دلیل آوردم.

Subjunctive with 'Bāyad'

باید دلیل بیاورم (I must bring a reason).

Preposition 'Barāye'

او برای غیبتش دلیل آورد.

Passive Construction

دلایلی آورده شد (Reasons were brought).

Plural Object Agreement

Even if you say 'دلایل' (plural), the verb stays singular if the subject is singular: 'او دلایل آورد'.

Examples by Level

من برای دیر آمدن دلیل آوردم.

I brought a reason for being late.

Simple past tense: 'āvordam'.

او دلیل می‌آورد.

He brings a reason.

Present continuous sense: 'mi-āvarad'.

چرا دلیل نمی‌آوری؟

Why don't you bring a reason?

Negative present tense.

ما دلیل آوردیم.

We brought reasons.

First person plural past tense.

یک دلیل بیاور.

Bring one reason.

Imperative: 'biyāvar'.

آن‌ها دلیل می‌آورند.

They bring reasons.

Third person plural present.

دلیل آوردی؟

Did you bring a reason?

Simple past question.

من دلیل ندارم بیاورم.

I don't have a reason to bring.

Subjunctive: 'biyāvaram'.

او برای نرفتن به مهمانی دلیل آورد.

He brought a reason for not going to the party.

Compound verb with preposition 'barāye'.

بچه‌ها برای بازی نکردن دلیل می‌آورند.

The children are bringing reasons for not playing.

Present tense with plural subject.

آیا برای این کار دلیل آوردی؟

Did you bring a reason for this work?

Question in the past tense.

من باید دلیل بیاورم.

I must bring a reason.

Subjunctive after 'bāyad'.

او هیچ دلیلی نیاورد.

He brought no reason at all.

Negative past tense with 'hich'.

ما برای پیروزی دلیل می‌آوریم.

We bring reasons for victory.

Present tense.

او همیشه دلیل‌های خوب می‌آورد.

He always brings good reasons.

Adjective 'khub' modifying 'dalilhā'.

چرا برای او دلیل آوردی؟

Why did you bring a reason for him?

Past tense question.

او سعی کرد با دلیل آوردن ما را متقاعد کند.

He tried to convince us by bringing reasons.

Gerund-like use of the infinitive 'dalil āvordan'.

اگر دلیل بیاوری، من قبول می‌کنم.

If you bring a reason, I will accept.

Conditional sentence with subjunctive.

او برای هر اشتباهش یک دلیل می‌آورد.

He brings a reason for every mistake of his.

Present tense indicating a habit.

نباید بدون دلیل آوردن قضاوت کرد.

One should not judge without bringing reasons.

Infinitive used after a preposition.

او برای خرید آن خانه دلایل زیادی آورد.

He brought many reasons for buying that house.

Use of 'dalāyel' (plural).

آیا می‌توانی برای ادعایت دلیل بیاوری؟

Can you bring a reason for your claim?

Subjunctive after 'tavānestan'.

او با دلیل آوردن منطقی، بحث را برد.

He won the debate by bringing logical reasons.

Adjective 'manteghi' modifying the act.

او برای نیامدنش دلیل آورد که مریض است.

He brought the reason for his absence that he is sick.

Use of 'ke' clause to explain the reason.

وکیل مدافع برای بی‌گناهی متهم دلایل محکمی آورد.

The defense attorney brought strong reasons for the defendant's innocence.

Formal vocabulary: 'vakiil-e modāfe', 'mot-tahem'.

دولت برای افزایش مالیات‌ها دلیل آورد.

The government brought reasons for increasing taxes.

Collective noun 'dowlat' as subject.

نویسنده در این مقاله برای نظریه‌اش دلیل می‌آورد.

The author brings reasons for his theory in this article.

Academic context.

او به جای دلیل آوردن، فقط عذرخواهی کرد.

Instead of bringing reasons, he just apologized.

Contrastive structure 'be jāye'.

باید برای این تغییرات ناگهانی دلیل بیاورید.

You must bring reasons for these sudden changes.

Formal plural imperative/subjunctive.

او برای اثبات حرفش دلایل علمی آورد.

He brought scientific reasons to prove his word.

Infinitive of purpose: 'barāye esbāt'.

دلیل آوردن برای چنین رفتاری بسیار دشوار است.

Bringing reasons for such behavior is very difficult.

Infinitive as the subject of the sentence.

او برای توجیه شکستش دلیل می‌آورد.

He brings reasons to justify his failure.

Nuance of 'tovjih' (justification).

فیلسوف برای اثبات وجود خدا دلایل عقلی آورد.

The philosopher brought rational reasons to prove the existence of God.

Technical terms: 'dalāyel-e aghli'.

او با مهارت تمام برای اشتباهات فاحش خود دلیل آورد.

With total skill, he brought reasons for his glaring mistakes.

Adverbial phrase 'bā mahārat-e tamām'.

در این پژوهش، برای کاهش نرخ رشد دلایلی آورده شده است.

In this research, reasons have been brought for the decrease in growth rate.

Passive voice: 'āvordeh shodeh ast'.

او نتوانست برای تناقضات حرف‌هایش دلیل بیاورد.

He could not bring reasons for the contradictions in his words.

Complex noun phrase: 'tanāghozāt-e harf-hā-yash'.

منتقد برای رد کردن این فیلم دلایل هنری آورد.

The critic brought artistic reasons for rejecting this film.

Specialized context: 'mon-taghed'.

او برای هر یک از فرضیات خود دلایل مستدلی آورد.

He brought well-reasoned arguments for each of his hypotheses.

Formal adjective: 'mostadal'.

دلیل آوردن در این مورد خاص، نیازمند دانش عمیق است.

Bringing reasons in this specific case requires deep knowledge.

Infinitive as subject with 'niyāzmand'.

او برای دفاع از حقوق خود دلایل قانونی آورد.

He brought legal reasons to defend his rights.

Formal context: 'defā az hoghugh'.

متفکر برای تبیین جهان‌بینی خود دلایل اپیستمولوژیک آورد.

The thinker brought epistemological reasons to explain his worldview.

Highly academic: 'tabyiin', 'epistemolozhik'.

او با توسل به تاریخ، برای ادعاهای ناسیونالیستی خود دلیل آورد.

By appealing to history, he brought reasons for his nationalist claims.

Complex structure: 'bā tavas-sol be'.

دلیل آوردن برای پدیده‌های پیچیده اجتماعی کار ساده‌ای نیست.

Bringing reasons for complex social phenomena is not an easy task.

Abstract subject matter.

او برای نقض قرارداد، دلایل واهی و بی‌اساس آورد.

He brought flimsy and baseless reasons for breaching the contract.

Negative adjectives: 'vāhi', 'bi-asās'.

جامعه‌شناس برای تغییر ساختار خانواده دلایل متعددی آورد.

The sociologist brought numerous reasons for the change in family structure.

Professional register: 'jāme'e-shenās'.

او برای اثبات مدعای خویش به براهین فلسفی متوسل گشت و دلیل آورد.

He appealed to philosophical proofs and brought reasons to prove his claim.

Archaic/Literary verb form: 'motavas-sel gasht'.

دلیل آوردن برای زیبایی‌شناسی مدرن مستلزم درک هنر انتزاعی است.

Bringing reasons for modern aesthetics requires an understanding of abstract art.

Sophisticated vocabulary: 'zibāyi-shenāsi', 'mostalzem'.

او در نقد خویش برای زوال فرهنگ دلایل جامعه‌شناختی آورد.

In his critique, he brought sociological reasons for the decline of culture.

Abstract concepts: 'zavāl-e farhang'.

Common Collocations

دلیل قانع‌کننده آوردن

دلیل منطقی آوردن

دلیل علمی آوردن

دلیل واهی آوردن

دلیل محکمی آوردن

دلیل تراشیدن

چندین دلیل آوردن

دلیل موجه آوردن

دلیل کافی آوردن

دلیل دندان‌شکن آوردن

Common Phrases

دلیل آوردن ندارد

— There is no need to bring reasons; it is obvious.

این موضوع اصلاً دلیل آوردن ندارد.

برای هر چیزی دلیل آوردن

— To justify every single thing, often to an annoying degree.

او برای هر چیزی دلیل می‌آورد.

دلیل و مدرک آوردن

— To bring reasons and evidence together.

باید دلیل و مدرک بیاوری.

بدون دلیل آوردن

— Without providing any justification.

او بدون دلیل آوردن ما را ترک کرد.

دلیل آوردن بیهوده

— Bringing reasons in vain or providing useless excuses.

دلیل آوردن بیهوده است.

دلیل آوردن پشت سر هم

— Bringing one reason after another.

او پشت سر هم دلیل می‌آورد.

وقت دلیل آوردن نیست

— It is not the time for excuses or reasons.

الان وقت دلیل آوردن نیست، باید عمل کنیم.

دلیل آوردن برای خود

— To rationalize something to oneself.

او برای خودش دلیل می‌آورد تا آرام شود.

دلیل آوردن در ملاء عام

— Providing reasons in public.

او در ملاء عام برای کارش دلیل آورد.

دلیل آوردن به نفع کسی

— Bringing reasons in someone's favor.

او به نفع دوستش دلیل آورد.

Often Confused With

دلیل آوردن vs دلیل دادن

A common mistake by English speakers. 'Giving' a reason is incorrect; you must 'bring' it.

دلیل آوردن vs توضیح دادن

Explaining clarifies a process; bringing reasons justifies a choice or fact.

دلیل آوردن vs ثابت کردن

Proving is the result; bringing reasons is the process used to reach that proof.

Idioms & Expressions

"دلیل و برهان چیدن"

— To carefully arrange reasons and proofs, often to build a complex argument.

او برای متقاعد کردن مدیر، دلیل و برهان چید.

Neutral

"آسمان و ریسمان به هم بافتن"

— To bring irrelevant and nonsensical reasons to justify something (literally: weaving sky and rope).

برای توجیه اشتباهش آسمان و ریسمان به هم بافت.

Informal/Idiomatic

"عذر بدتر از گناه آوردن"

— To bring a reason that is worse than the original mistake (an excuse worse than the sin).

با این حرفت، عذر بدتر از گناه آوردی.

Informal

"دلیل دندان‌شکن"

— A reason so strong it 'breaks teeth,' meaning it leaves the opponent speechless.

او یک دلیل دندان‌شکن آورد.

Informal

"صغری کبری چیدن"

— To go through long, tedious logical steps (syllogisms) to bring a simple reason.

اینقدر صغری کبری نچین، اصل مطلب را بگو.

Informal

"بهانه آوردن"

— To bring excuses (often used interchangeably with dalil āvordan when the reasons are weak).

او همیشه بهانه می‌آورد.

Neutral

"دلیل آوردن تراشیدن"

— To fabricate or 'carve' reasons.

داری دلیل می‌تراشی؟

Informal

"حرف تو دهن کسی گذاشتن"

— To put words/reasons in someone's mouth.

نمی‌خواهد برای من دلیل بیاوری و حرف تو دهنم بگذاری.

Informal

"دلیل محکمه‌پسند"

— A reason that would be accepted in a court of law.

این دلیل محکمه‌پسند نیست.

Formal

"یک دست و دو هندوانه"

— Trying to do too much, often used as a reason why something failed.

دلیل آورد که با یک دست نمی‌شود دو هندوانه برداشت.

Informal

Easily Confused

دلیل آوردن vs علت (El-lat)

Both mean 'reason' or 'cause'.

'El-lat' is more objective/physical; 'Dalil' is more logical/subjective.

علت مرگ (Cause of death) vs دلیل سفر (Reason for travel).

دلیل آوردن vs بهانه (Bahāneh)

Both explain why something happened.

'Bahāneh' is a false or weak excuse; 'Dalil' is a legitimate reason.

او فقط بهانه می‌آورد.

دلیل آوردن vs توجیه (Tovjih)

Both involve justifying.

'Tovjih' is often defensive or self-serving; 'Dalil' is more neutral.

توجیه اشتباه (Justifying a mistake).

دلیل آوردن vs برهان (Borhān)

Both involve proof.

'Borhān' is formal, conclusive proof; 'Dalil' is any supporting reason.

برهان قاطع (Decisive proof).

دلیل آوردن vs حجت (Hoj-jat)

Both mean proof.

'Hoj-jat' has religious or final authority connotations.

اتمام حجت (Final ultimatum/proof).

Sentence Patterns

[Subject] دلیل آورد.

من دلیل آوردم.

[Subject] برای [Noun] دلیل آورد.

او برای تاخیر دلیل آورد.

[Subject] باید برای [Noun] دلیل بیاورد.

تو باید برای کارت دلیل بیاوری.

[Subject] دلیل آورد که [Clause].

او دلیل آورد که مریض بوده است.

[Subject] دلایل [Adjective] برای [Noun] آورد.

او دلایل محکمی برای حرفش آورد.

با دلیل آوردن [Subject] توانست [Verb].

با دلیل آوردن، او توانست مدیر را متقاعد کند.

در مورد [Noun] دلایلی آورده شده است.

در مورد این حادثه دلایلی آورده شده است.

دلیل آوردن برای [Abstract Noun] مستلزم [Noun] است.

دلیل آوردن برای این پدیده مستلزم تحقیق است.

Word Family

Nouns

Verbs

Adjectives

How to Use It

frequency

This is a high-frequency verb phrase in both spoken and written Persian.

Common Mistakes

او دلیل داد. → او دلیل آورد.
Persian uses 'bring' (āvordan) for reasons, not 'give' (dādan).
من باید دلیل بیاورم. → من باید دلیل بیاورم.
Actually, the mistake is forgetting the 'y' in 'biyāvaram' and saying 'be-āvaram'.
او دلیل به تاخیر آورد. → او برای تاخیر دلیل آورد.
The correct preposition is 'barāye' (for), not 'be' (to).
آن‌ها دلیل‌ها آوردند. → آن‌ها دلایل آوردند.
While 'dalilhā' is okay, 'dalāyel' is the much more common and preferred plural.
او دلیل را آورد که مریض است. → او دلیل آورد که مریض است.
Don't use 'rā' after 'dalil' when it's followed by a 'ke' clause unless the reason was already specific.

Tips

Subjunctive Stem

The present stem of 'āvordan' is 'āvar'. In the subjunctive, it becomes 'biyāvar'. Don't forget that extra 'y' sound!

Arabic Plurals

Learning 'dalāyel' (plural of dalil) will make your Persian sound much more advanced and natural.

Avoid 'Dādan'

Never say 'dalil dādan'. It's the most common mistake for English speakers. Always use 'āvordan'.

Polite Refusals

When refusing an invitation in Iran, always 'bring reasons' to show respect to the host.

Logical Flow

Use 'دلیل آوردن' as a transition word to introduce your supporting points in an essay.

Nuance Check

If a speaker uses 'tovjih' instead of 'dalil', they likely think the reasons are just excuses.

Adjective Pairing

Pair 'dalil' with 'manteghi' (logical) or 'ghāne-konandeh' (convincing) for better impact.

The 'Bring' Rule

Think of a person 'bringing' a heavy book of 'reasons' to a meeting.

Reporting Verbs

You can use 'او دلیل آورد که...' just like you use 'He said that...' to report someone's justification.

Formal Alternatives

In university papers, use 'استدلال کردن' for a higher academic register.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Dalil' as a 'Daily' reason you need to 'Bring' (Āvordan) to your boss. You bring your 'Daily' reasons to work.

Visual Association

Imagine a lawyer in a courtroom carrying a heavy tray (āvordan) filled with glowing lightbulbs, each representing a 'reason' (dalil).

Word Web

Logic Lawyer Excuse Debate Evidence Philosophy Explanation Cause

Challenge

Write three sentences today: one explaining why you like Persian, one explaining why you were 'late' to an imaginary meeting, and one formal reason for a scientific discovery.

Word Origin

The word 'dalil' is an Arabic loanword from the root D-L-L (د ل ل), which relates to guiding or pointing out. 'Āvordan' is a Middle Persian (Pahlavi) word 'āvurdan', which descends from Old Persian 'ā-bar' (to bring near).

Original meaning: The combination literally means 'to bring a guide' or 'to bring a proof.' In classical Persian, it was used both for physical evidence and intellectual arguments.

Indo-European (Persian verb) + Afro-Asiatic (Arabic noun).

Cultural Context

Be careful not to sound like you are 'excuse-making' (tovjih kardan) when you should be providing 'logical reasons' (dalil āvordan).

In English, we 'give' reasons; in Persian, we 'bring' them. This reflects a more 'active' or 'physical' conceptualization of evidence in Persian.

The 'Masnavi' of Rumi often discusses the limitations of 'dalil āvordan' compared to spiritual intuition. Modern Iranian political debates are famous for the phrase 'dalil-e ghāne-konandeh biyāvarid' (bring a convincing reason). Sadegh Hedayat's characters often struggle with 'dalil āvordan' for their existential despair.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Legal Proceedings

دلیل برای تبرئه
ارائه دلایل قانونی
دلایل محکمه‌پسند
رد کردن دلایل

Academic Writing

دلایل مستدل
دلیل آوردن بر مبنای داده‌ها
فهرست دلایل
تحلیل دلایل

Social Excuses

دلیل آوردن برای تاخیر
دلیل موجه
دلیل نتراش!
دنبال دلیل گشتن

Scientific Debate

دلیل علمی آوردن
ابطال دلایل
دلیل آوردن برای فرضیه
یافتن دلایل جدید

Relationship Conflicts

دلیل آوردن برای رفتار
بدون دلیل آوردن رفتن
دلیل قانع‌کننده می‌خواهم
همه‌اش دلیل می‌آوری

Conversation Starters

"می‌توانی برای این حرفت دلیل بیاوری؟ (Can you bring a reason for this statement?)"

"چرا مردم برای کارهای اشتباهشان دلیل می‌آورند؟ (Why do people bring reasons for their wrong actions?)"

"بهترین دلیلی که تا به حال برای چیزی آورده‌ای چه بوده؟ (What is the best reason you have ever brought for something?)"

"آیا برای یادگیری زبان فارسی دلیل آورده‌ای؟ (Have you brought reasons for learning Persian?)"

"در دادگاه، چگونه باید دلیل آورد؟ (How should one bring reasons in court?)"

Journal Prompts

درباره زمانی بنویسید که مجبور شدید برای یک تصمیم سخت دلیل بیاورید. (Write about a time you had to bring reasons for a difficult decision.)

آیا همیشه برای احساسات خود دلیل می‌آورید یا به غریزه خود اعتماد می‌کنید؟ (Do you always bring reasons for your feelings or do you trust your instinct?)

تفاوت بین 'دلیل آوردن' و 'بهانه آوردن' از نظر شما چیست؟ (What is the difference between 'bringing reasons' and 'bringing excuses' in your opinion?)

یک پاراگراف علمی بنویسید و برای یک فرضیه دلیل بیاورید. (Write a scientific paragraph and bring reasons for a hypothesis.)

چرا در روابط عاطفی، دلیل آوردن گاهی اوضاع را بدتر می‌کند؟ (Why does bringing reasons sometimes make things worse in emotional relationships?)

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, 'dalil dādan' is incorrect in Persian. Even though we say 'give a reason' in English, Persian speakers always use 'dalil āvordan' (bring a reason). Using 'dādan' will immediately mark you as a non-native speaker.

'Dalil' (دلیل) is usually a reason provided by a person for an action or an argument. 'El-lat' (علت) is often the scientific or physical cause of an event. For example, the 'el-lat' of rain is condensation, but your 'dalil' for carrying an umbrella is to stay dry.

You use the future auxiliary 'khāhad' with the short infinitive 'āvord'. For example: 'او دلیل خواهد آورد' (He will bring a reason).

It is neutral and can be used in almost any context. However, in very formal academic settings, 'استدلال کردن' (estedlāl kardan) is preferred.

'Dalil-tarāshi' (دلیل‌تراشی) is a noun meaning 'the fabrication of reasons' or 'making excuses.' It comes from the verb 'tarāshidan' (to carve/shave).

You can say 'bi-dalil' (بی‌دلیل) or 'bedun-e dalil' (بدون دلیل).

Yes, in the sense of 'presenting an argument.' It does not mean 'to have a fight' (which is 'da'vā kardan').

The most common plural is 'dalāyel' (دلایل), which is an Arabic broken plural. You can also use 'dalilhā' (دلیل‌ها) in casual speech.

To tell someone to give a reason, say 'دلیل بیاور' (dalil biyāvar) for singular or 'دلیل بیاورید' (dalil biyāvarid) for plural/formal.

Usually, yes. You 'bring a reason FOR something' (dalil āvordan BARĀYE chizi). Without a preposition, it just means 'to reason' in general.