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B2 adjective 10 min read

جهت دار

Examples
Explanation جهت دار in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'jahat-dār' much, but you should know 'jahat' means 'direction.' Imagine pointing your finger—that's a 'jahat.' 'Jahat-dār' simply means something has a direction. For example, an arrow on a sign is 'jahat-dār' because it points somewhere. It's a bit like saying 'it has a way to go.' Don't worry about the complex 'bias' meaning yet; just think of it as 'pointing somewhere.'
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'jahat-dār' to describe simple things like a directional sign or a specific movement. You might hear it in basic science class or when someone is giving instructions. It's an adjective, so it comes after the noun. 'Yek nešāne-ye jahat-dār' means 'a directional sign.' It's a useful word to know when you want to be more specific than just saying 'this way' or 'that way.'
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At the B1 level, you should start recognizing the figurative meaning of 'jahat-dār.' This is when it means 'biased' or 'not neutral.' If you are reading a simple news article or listening to a podcast, you might hear people complain about 'akhbār-e jahat-dār' (biased news). At this level, you should be able to identify that the word implies someone is taking a side or trying to influence you. It's a step up from 'bad' or 'wrong'—it's more about 'slant.'
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At the B2 level, which is the target for this word, you should use 'jahat-dār' confidently in debates and essays. You should use it to critique media, analyze political statements, and describe leading questions in an interview. You understand that it's a nuanced word that can describe both a physical vector and an intellectual prejudice. You can also distinguish it from synonyms like 'moqrezāne' (malicious) and 'bi-taraf' (neutral).
At the C1 level, you use 'jahat-dār' in academic and professional contexts. You can discuss the 'jahat-dār' nature of historical narratives or the 'jahat-dār' design of social algorithms. You are comfortable using it in complex sentence structures and can explain the subtle differences between this and other words like 'sugirāne.' You might use it to describe a 'directed' approach to solving a problem in a business strategy meeting.
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At the C2 level, 'jahat-dār' is a tool for philosophical and high-level rhetorical analysis. You can use it to discuss the inherent 'directionality' of language itself or the 'jahat-dār' nature of human perception. You might use it in literary criticism to describe a narrator's slanted perspective. At this level, you understand the word's deepest etymological roots and its most subtle applications in Persian literature and modern philosophy.
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Examples

The Persian word جهت دار (jahat-dār) is a sophisticated adjective that bridges the gap between physical orientation and intellectual bias. At its most basic level, it combines the noun jahat (direction) with the suffix dār (having or possessing). Literally, it translates to 'having a direction.' However, its usage in modern Persian, especially at the B2 level, is far more nuanced. It is predominantly used to describe information, questions, or actions that are not neutral. When a journalist writes a report that favors one political party, that report is described as jahat-dār. When a lawyer asks a leading question in court to trick a witness, that question is jahat-dār. It implies an underlying agenda or a lack of objectivity.

Physical Usage
In technical or scientific contexts, it refers to something that is oriented or directed toward a specific point, such as a 'directed graph' in mathematics or a 'directional antenna' in telecommunications.
Figurative Usage
This is the most common use in daily conversation and media. It describes bias, prejudice, or a pre-planned intention behind words or actions. It suggests that the person is not being 'straight' or 'neutral' but is trying to lead the listener toward a specific conclusion.

خبرنگار با پرسیدن سوالات جهت‌دار سعی کرد مصاحبه‌شونده را به چالش بکشد.

Translation: The reporter tried to challenge the interviewee by asking biased (leading) questions.

In social settings, calling someone's behavior jahat-dār can be a subtle way of accusing them of having an ulterior motive. It is not necessarily a vulgar insult, but it is a serious critique of their fairness. For instance, if a teacher consistently gives higher marks to students from a certain background, their grading system would be called jahat-dār. This word is essential for anyone wishing to discuss media literacy, politics, or social justice in Persian-speaking environments. It allows you to point out that something is not 'pure' or 'objective' without necessarily being overly aggressive.

این مستند کاملاً جهت‌دار ساخته شده است.

Translation: This documentary has been made in a completely biased manner.

Understanding the nuances of jahat-dār also involves recognizing its synonyms like moqrezāne (maliciously biased) or yek-jānebe (one-sided). While moqrezāne implies a negative or harmful intent, jahat-dār is slightly more clinical—it simply notes the existence of a 'direction' or 'slant' in the subject matter. It is a key term in the vocabulary of critical thinking in the Persian language.

تحلیل‌های او همیشه جهت‌دار و به نفع دولت است.

Translation: His analyses are always biased and in favor of the government.
Social Context
When discussing social issues, use this word to describe systemic preferences. For example, a 'biased' hiring process is called 'farāyand-e estekhdām-e jahat-dār'.

ما به دنبال اطلاعاتی هستیم که جهت‌دار نباشند.

Translation: We are looking for information that is not biased.

حرکت جهت‌دار ذرات در فیزیک مطالعه می‌شود.

Translation: The directed movement of particles is studied in physics.

Using جهت دار (jahat-dār) correctly requires an understanding of its placement within a sentence. As an adjective, it typically follows the noun it modifies, connected by the 'Ezafe' construction (the short '-e' sound). For example, 'biased news' is akhbār-e jahat-dār. It can also function as a predicate adjective after verbs like budan (to be) or shodan (to become). Because it describes a state of being slanted or non-neutral, it is often paired with adverbs of degree like kamalan (completely) or nesbatan (relatively).

News & Media
In the media, you will often hear: 'Gozāresh-e jahat-dār-e in shabake' (The biased report of this network). It is a common way to criticize propaganda.

چرا همیشه اخبار را به شکلی جهت‌دار منتشر می‌کنید؟

Translation: Why do you always publish news in a biased way?

In formal debates, accusing an opponent of having a 'biased' view is a common rhetorical strategy. You might say, 'Did-e shomā nesbat be in mas'ale jahat-dār ast' (Your view regarding this issue is biased). This suggests that the opponent's perspective is clouded by their personal interests or affiliations. It is also used in the context of 'leading questions' in interviews or legal proceedings. A leading question is called so'āl-e jahat-dār.

او به سوالات جهت‌دار وکیل پاسخ نداد.

Translation: He did not answer the lawyer's leading questions.

In scientific and mathematical contexts, jahat-dār describes vectors or directed paths. For example, in graph theory, a 'directed graph' is gerāf-e jahat-dār. Here, the word is purely descriptive and lacks the negative connotation of bias. It simply means that the edges of the graph have a specific direction. Similarly, in physics, 'harakat-e jahat-dār' refers to motion that follows a specific vector rather than being random.

در این آزمایش، جریان الکتریسیته یک مسیر جهت‌دار را طی می‌کند.

Translation: In this experiment, the electricity flow follows a directed path.
Educational Context
Teachers use this word to warn students against 'biased research' (pazhuhesh-e jahat-dār). It emphasizes the need for 'bi-tarafi' (neutrality).

یک محقق نباید با فرضیات جهت‌دار کار خود را شروع کند.

Translation: A researcher should not start their work with biased hypotheses.

تبلیغات معمولاً پیام‌هایی جهت‌دار برای جذب مشتری دارند.

Translation: Advertisements usually have biased messages to attract customers.

You will most frequently encounter جهت دار (jahat-dār) in formal and semi-formal settings. It is a staple of Persian news broadcasts (like BBC Persian, VOA Persian, or IRIB), where commentators analyze the 'slant' of international policies or media coverage. In these contexts, the word is used to dissect political messaging. For instance, an analyst might say that a specific piece of legislation is jahat-dār because it only benefits a certain economic class.

Political Talk Shows
In programs where guests debate current events, you will hear 'enteqād-e jahat-dār' (biased criticism) used as a defense or an attack against an opponent's argument.

بسیاری از رسانه‌ها در پوشش اخبار جنگ، رویکردی جهت‌دار دارند.

Translation: Many media outlets have a biased approach in covering war news.

In universities and academic seminars, professors use jahat-dār to discuss research methodology. If a survey is designed in a way that forces respondents to choose a specific answer, it is called a nazar-sanji-ye jahat-dār (biased survey). This is a critical term for students of sociology, psychology, and political science. It highlights the importance of 'neutrality' (bi-tarafi) in the scientific process.

طراحی این پرسشنامه جهت‌دار است و نتایج را تغییر می‌دهد.

Translation: The design of this questionnaire is biased and alters the results.

The word also appears in technical manuals and engineering documents. When describing a 'directional' microphone or a 'unidirectional' valve, Persian engineers use jahat-dār. In these cases, it is a neutral, descriptive term. If you are shopping for electronics in Tehran, you might ask for a 'meikrofon-e jahat-dār' if you need one that picks up sound from a specific direction while cancelling background noise.

برای ضبط پادکست، به یک میکروفون جهت‌دار نیاز دارید.

Translation: For recording a podcast, you need a directional microphone.
Legal and Judicial
In courtrooms, lawyers might object to 'so'ālāt-e jahat-dār' (leading questions) because they influence the witness's testimony unfairly.

قاضی از وکیل خواست که از پرسیدن سوالات جهت‌دار خودداری کند.

Translation: The judge asked the lawyer to refrain from asking leading questions.

فیلم‌های تبلیغاتی معمولاً جهت‌دار هستند تا احساسات را تحریک کنند.

Translation: Promotional films are usually biased to stir emotions.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with جهت دار (jahat-dār) is confusing it with the word mostaqim (straight/direct). While 'direct' and 'directional' sound similar in English, they are very different in Persian. Mostaqim means moving in a straight line without turning, whereas jahat-dār means having a specific orientation or bias. For example, if you want to say 'a direct flight,' you must use parvāz-e mostaqim, not parvāz-e jahat-dār.

Confusing Bias with Purpose
Another mistake is using 'jahat-dār' when you mean 'purposeful' (hadafmand). While a biased action has a purpose, 'jahat-dār' specifically highlights the lack of neutrality, whereas 'hadafmand' is generally more positive, implying efficiency and goal-orientation.

اشتباه: این یک برنامه جهت‌دار برای موفقیت است. (Mistake: This is a 'biased' program for success.)

Correction: Use 'hadafmand' (purposeful) instead of 'jahat-dār' in this context.

Learners also sometimes struggle with the 'Ezafe' placement. Remember that jahat-dār is an adjective. In phrases like 'biased questions,' the 'e' sound must be attached to the noun 'questions' (so'ālāt-e jahat-dār). Omitting this 'e' sound is a common grammatical error that can make your Persian sound disjointed. Additionally, avoid using jahat-dār to describe physical 'directions' like 'left' or 'right.' For those, simply use the noun jahat (e.g., dar jahat-e rāst - in the right direction).

اشتباه: او به جهت‌دار چپ رفت. (Mistake: He went to the 'biased' left.)

Correction: Use 'be jahat-e chap' (to the direction of left).

Finally, be careful not to overuse jahat-dār when you mean 'partisan' in a purely political sense. While jahat-dār works, words like hezbi (party-related) or jāneb-dārāne (partisan/biased toward a side) might be more precise depending on the context. Jahat-dār is more about the nature of the content being slanted, while jāneb-dārāne is about the act of taking a side.

سخنرانی او کاملاً جهت‌دار بود. (Correct: His speech was completely biased/slanted.)

Summary of Mistakes
1. Confusing with 'mostaqim' (straight). 2. Confusing with 'hadafmand' (purposeful). 3. Missing the Ezafe sound. 4. Using it for simple spatial directions.

گزارش‌های جهت‌دار اعتماد عمومی را سلب می‌کنند.

Translation: Biased reports erode public trust.

او با نگاهی جهت‌دار به مسائل نگاه می‌کند.

Translation: He looks at issues with a biased perspective.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for describing bias and neutrality. While جهت دار (jahat-dār) is versatile, other words can provide more specific meanings depending on whether you want to emphasize malice, partiality, or simple orientation. Understanding these alternatives will help you sound more like a native speaker and allow you to precisely convey your thoughts in complex discussions.

جهت‌دار (Jahat-dār) vs. مغرضانه (Moqrezāne)
'Jahat-dār' is 'biased' or 'slanted' (neutral-to-negative). 'Moqrezāne' is 'maliciously biased' or 'with ill intent.' Use the latter if you believe someone is lying or twisting the truth on purpose to cause harm.

انتقاد او مغرضانه بود، نه فقط جهت‌دار.

Translation: His criticism was malicious, not just biased.
جهت‌دار (Jahat-dār) vs. یک‌جانبه (Yek-jānebe)
'Yek-jānebe' literally means 'one-sided.' It is often used for decisions or agreements. A 'one-sided decision' is 'tasmim-e yek-jānebe.' While similar to 'jahat-dār,' it emphasizes the exclusion of the other side.

Another important term is sugirāne. This is a more modern, academic term for 'biased,' often used in the context of cognitive bias in psychology. If you are reading a Persian translation of a psychology textbook, you will see 'sugiri' for 'bias.' Jahat-dār remains more common in everyday media and general conversation. For 'neutral,' the standard word is bi-taraf (without a side). To describe a fair and just person or process, use monsefāne (fair/equitable).

ما به یک قضاوت بی‌طرفانه نیاز داریم.

Translation: We need a neutral/impartial judgment.

In technical fields, jahat-dār is often contrasted with bi-jahat (directionless) or tashakhos-nā-pazir (non-directional/unidentifiable). For example, 'random motion' in physics can be described as 'harakat-e bi-jahat.' If you are looking for a synonym for 'directional' in a purely physical sense, su-dār is a common alternative in scientific literature, though jahat-dār is perfectly acceptable.

این آنتن جهت‌دار است و سیگنال را تقویت می‌کند.

Translation: This antenna is directional and amplifies the signal.
Alternative Vocabulary List
- جانب‌دارانه (Partisan/Biased toward a side) - سوگیرانه (Cognitively biased) - غرض‌آلود (Tainted with motive) - بی‌طرف (Neutral) - منصفانه (Fair)

داور نباید قضاوت جانب‌دارانه داشته باشد.

Translation: The referee should not have a partisan/biased judgment.
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Examples by Level

1

این یک فلش جهت‌دار است.

This is a directional arrow.

Simple adjective following the noun with Ezafe.

2

او به یک سمت جهت‌دار حرکت کرد.

He moved in a directed direction.

Usage of 'jahat-dar' to describe movement.

3

کتاب یک مسیر جهت‌دار دارد.

The book has a directed path (order).

Simple present tense with 'dārad'.

4

آیا این سوال جهت‌دار است؟

Is this question directional/biased?

Interrogative sentence using 'āyā'.

5

من به دنبال یک نشانه جهت‌دار هستم.

I am looking for a directional sign.

Present continuous construction 'hastam'.

6

نور چراغ قوه جهت‌دار است.

The flashlight beam is directional.

Predicate adjective after 'ast'.

7

باد امروز جهت‌دار نیست.

The wind is not directional today.

Negative form using 'nist'.

8

این بازی جهت‌دار است.

This game is directional (has a specific flow).

Basic subject-adjective-verb structure.

1

او با یک حرکت جهت‌دار توپ را پرتاب کرد.

He threw the ball with a directed movement.

Using 'ba' (with) to create an adverbial phrase.

2

ما باید در یک مسیر جهت‌دار قدم برداریم.

We must walk in a directed path.

Modal verb 'bāyad' followed by subjunctive.

3

این میکروفون جهت‌دار برای ضبط صدا خوب است.

This directional microphone is good for recording sound.

Attributive adjective modifying 'mikrofon'.

4

سوالات او همیشه جهت‌دار بودند.

His questions were always directional/leading.

Plural noun 'so'ālāt' with plural verb 'budand'.

5

او به اخبار جهت‌دار گوش نمی‌دهد.

He does not listen to biased news.

Negative present tense 'goosh nemidahad'.

6

این نقشه مسیرهای جهت‌دار را نشان می‌دهد.

This map shows the directed routes.

Direct object with 'rā'.

7

آنتن تلویزیون باید جهت‌دار باشد.

The TV antenna must be directional.

Subjunctive 'bāšad' after 'bāyad'.

8

نگاه او به من جهت‌دار بود.

His look at me was slanted/meaningful.

Simple past tense 'bud'.

1

من فکر می‌کنم این گزارش کمی جهت‌دار است.

I think this report is a bit biased.

Using 'fekr mikonam' to express an opinion.

2

او سعی کرد با حرف‌های جهت‌دار من را متقاعد کند.

He tried to convince me with biased/leading words.

Past tense 'sa'y kard' followed by 'bā' phrase.

3

چرا همیشه به صورت جهت‌دار از او دفاع می‌کنی؟

Why do you always defend him in a biased way?

Adverbial usage 'be soorat-e jahat-dar'.

4

این مقاله جهت‌دار به نظر می‌رسد.

This article seems biased.

The verb 'be nazar residan' (to seem).

5

ما نباید تحت تأثیر تبلیغات جهت‌دار قرار بگیریم.

We should not be influenced by biased advertisements.

Passive construction 'taht-e ta'sir qarār gereftan'.

6

او سوالات جهت‌داری درباره زندگی خصوصی من پرسید.

He asked leading questions about my private life.

Plural indefinite 'jahat-dāri'.

7

تحلیل‌های او معمولاً جهت‌دار و غیرمنصفانه است.

His analyses are usually biased and unfair.

Compound predicate with 'va' (and).

8

این یک حرکت جهت‌دار سیاسی بود.

This was a biased political move.

Adjective 'siāsi' also modifying the noun.

1

گزارشگر با استفاده از واژگان جهت‌دار، افکار عمومی را هدایت کرد.

The reporter guided public opinion by using biased vocabulary.

Gerund-like usage 'bā estefāde az' (by using).

2

این تحقیق به دلیل نمونه‌گیری جهت‌دار، اعتبار علمی ندارد.

This research lacks scientific validity due to biased sampling.

Compound preposition 'be dalil-e' (due to).

3

او همواره از پاسخ دادن به سوالات جهت‌دار خبرنگاران طفره می‌رود.

He always evades answering the reporters' leading questions.

The verb 'tafre raftan' (to evade/dodge).

4

سیاست‌های جهت‌دار دولت باعث اعتراضات گسترده‌ای شد.

The government's biased policies caused widespread protests.

Subject-verb agreement with 'bā'es šodan'.

5

او با نگاهی جهت‌دار به تاریخ، وقایع را تفسیر می‌کند.

He interprets events with a biased look at history.

Prepositional phrase 'bā negāhi jahat-dār'.

6

توزیع جهت‌دار منابع ثروت، شکاف طبقاتی را افزایش داده است.

The biased distribution of wealth resources has increased the class gap.

Present perfect 'afzāyeš dāde ast'.

7

این فیلم مستند، روایتی جهت‌دار از جنگ ارائه می‌دهد.

This documentary film presents a biased narrative of the war.

Direct object 'ravāyati jahat-dār' with 'rā' omitted.

8

ما باید یاد بگیریم که چگونه اطلاعات جهت‌دار را تشخیص دهیم.

We must learn how to identify biased information.

Infinitive 'tashkhis dādan' at the end of the clause.

1

نویسنده در این کتاب، با ظرافت خاصی از استدلال‌های جهت‌دار استفاده کرده است.

The author has used biased arguments with a specific subtlety in this book.

Adverbial phrase 'bā zarāfat-e khāssi'.

2

ساختار جهت‌دار این الگوریتم، باعث ایجاد تبعیض در نتایج جستجو می‌شود.

The biased structure of this algorithm leads to discrimination in search results.

Complex subject 'sākhtār-e jahat-dār-e in algoritm'.

3

او معتقد است که هیچ متنی نمی‌تواند کاملاً عاری از دیدگاه‌های جهت‌دار باشد.

He believes that no text can be completely free of biased viewpoints.

Negative universal 'hich... na-mitavānad'.

4

در جوامع دوقطبی، رسانه‌ها غالباً به ابزاری برای تبلیغات جهت‌دار تبدیل می‌شوند.

In polarized societies, media often turn into tools for biased propaganda.

Passive-like 'tabdil šodan' (to turn into).

5

تحلیل محتوای این سخنرانی، لایه‌های جهت‌دار و پنهان آن را آشکار کرد.

Content analysis of this speech revealed its biased and hidden layers.

The verb 'āshkār kardan' (to reveal).

6

او با رویکردی جهت‌دار، تنها شواهدی را پذیرفت که فرضیه‌اش را تأیید می‌کردند.

With a biased approach, he only accepted evidence that confirmed his hypothesis.

Relative clause 'ke farziye-aš rā ta'yid mikardand'.

7

عدم شفافیت در بودجه‌بندی، شائبه تخصیص جهت‌دار منابع را تقویت می‌کند.

Lack of transparency in budgeting strengthens the suspicion of biased resource allocation.

Abstract noun 'šā'ebe' (suspicion/doubt).

8

نقد جهت‌دار او بر آثار ادبی، بیشتر جنبه سیاسی دارد تا هنری.

His biased critique of literary works is more political than artistic.

Comparative 'bishtar... tā' (more... than).

1

فیلسوفان پست‌مدرن بر این باورند که زبان ذاتاً جهت‌دار و برآمده از قدرت است.

Postmodern philosophers believe that language is inherently biased and stems from power.

Adverb 'zātan' (inherently/by nature).

2

واکاوی اپیستمولوژیک این نظریه، بنیادهای جهت‌دار آن را به چالش می‌کشد.

The epistemological analysis of this theory challenges its biased foundations.

High-level vocabulary 'vākāvi-ye epistemoložik'.

3

او در رساله خود به بررسی پارادایم‌های جهت‌دار در علوم انسانی می‌پردازد.

In his dissertation, he examines biased paradigms in the humanities.

The verb 'be barrasi pardākhtan' (to engage in examining).

4

تقلیل‌گرایی در این پژوهش، منجر به نتیجه‌گیری‌های جهت‌دار و ناقص شده است.

Reductionism in this research has led to biased and incomplete conclusions.

Noun 'taqlil-garāyi' (reductionism).

5

گفتمان غالب در رسانه‌ها، فضایی جهت‌دار برای سرکوب عقاید مخالف ایجاد کرده است.

The dominant discourse in the media has created a biased space to suppress opposing views.

Noun 'goftemān' (discourse).

6

او با ظرافت، جهت‌دار بودن روایت‌های رسمی را زیر سوال برد.

He subtly questioned the bias (directedness) of official narratives.

The phrase 'zir-e so'āl bordan' (to question).

7

معماری جهت‌دار این بنا، بازدیدکننده را به سمت محراب هدایت می‌کند.

The directional architecture of this building guides the visitor toward the altar.

Physical usage in a high-level context.

8

هرگونه مداخله جهت‌دار در بازار آزاد، پیامدهای پیش‌بینی‌ناپذیری خواهد داشت.

Any biased intervention in the free market will have unpredictable consequences.

Future tense 'khāhad dāšt'.

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